CN113748783B

CN113748783B - Method for promoting rapid germination and seedling formation of Artocarpus bicolor seeds

Info

Publication number: CN113748783B
Application number: CN202111222397.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 唐健民; 邹蓉; 谷睿; 韦霄; 吕仕洪; 柴胜丰; 秦惠珍
Original assignee: Guangxi Institute of Botany of CAS
Current assignee: Guangxi Institute of Botany of CAS
Priority date: 2021-10-20
Filing date: 2021-10-20
Publication date: 2022-06-03
Anticipated expiration: 2041-10-20
Also published as: CN113748783A

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for promoting the rapid germination and seedling formation of Artocarpus bicolor seeds, which comprises the following steps: s1: preparing seeds; s2: preparing a culture medium; s3: sowing in a container; s4: arranging an incubator; s5: transplanting seedlings for the first time; s6: and (5) transplanting seedlings for the second time. The invention has the advantages that: the method has the advantages that conditions most suitable for germination are found by adopting a single-factor method, the conditions are fused, the effects of temperature, illumination, culture medium, medium water content and sowing depth on the germination of the purrocarpus bicolor seeds are comprehensively discussed, and an optimal factor combination step for the germination of the purrocarpus bicolor seeds is found.

Description

Method for promoting quick germination and seedling formation of purpleflower bicolor seeds

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of biological breeding, in particular to a method for promoting quick germination and seedling formation of purpleflower bicolor seeds.

Background

Artocarpus styracifolius Pierre, Artocarpus bicolor, is a tall tree of Artocarpus of the genus Artocarpus of the family Moraceae, with the common name: bark, milk berry, lobular annatto, and sweetgum fruit. Up to about 20 meters, dark grey and coarse bark; the leaf intergrowth is arranged in 2 rows, is made of paper, is in a shape of long circle or inverted oval, and is in a shape of wrapping needles, sometimes oval; the flower is male and female, the inflorescence is unigenetic, the axilla is axillary, and the male inflorescence is oval; the stone fruit is spherical; the flowering period is in the beginning of autumn, and the fruit period is in the end of autumn and in the beginning of winter. Is usually grown in valleys and hillside sparse forests with the elevation of 200-1180(-1500) meters. Produced in Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan and other places in China. The wood is soft and can be used as furniture. The two-color polo honey is a wild fruit, the fruit can be eaten, has the characteristics of natural purity, no pollution and the like, has development and edible values, is sweet and sour in fruit flavor, and can be used as jam, and the bark of the fruit can be used for staining teeth by Dai nationality. The folk uses the root thereof as a medicine, has the effects of dispelling wind and removing dampness, relaxing muscles and tendons and promoting blood circulation, and is used for treating diseases such as rheumatic arthritis, lumbar muscle strain, hemiplegia, traumatic injury, sprain and contusion. Also, the seed can be used as a good fruit-viewing plant, and the ornamental value is higher.

Restoration of vegetation in karst regions requires the stocking of large numbers of seedlings. The dichroa peronospora honey is a native tree species in rocky mountain areas of tropical and south asia, is suitable for local ecological environment, can be used for vegetation recovery and urban greening landscape construction in the areas, but has the biggest problems of slow resource regeneration and incapability of digging and digging wild resources, and is far from enough as an excellent regional and wild fruit tree and an excellent evergreen ornamental large tree.

The cutting propagation of the purrocarpus bicolor is extremely difficult, the time from flowers to the mature period of fruits is long, the fruits are few and mature successively, the seed amount is small, dormancy exists, germination is slow, the condition that the germination process of the purrocarpus bicolor seeds is long cannot be changed by a conventional sowing method, and the situation becomes a bottleneck for restricting the artificial planting of the purrocarpus bicolor. The field investigation shows that the purplish bicolor pulp falls off naturally and quickly when the purplish bicolor pulp is mature in the early winter of late autumn for 10-11 months, the pulp wrapped outside the seeds is easy to rot, the seeds are easy to rot and lose activity, the seeds are difficult to preserve perfectly to the next year to ensure that the seeds successfully germinate into seedlings, and meanwhile, the seedlings are difficult to find out in the field. Therefore, the key to the introduction and popularization of the pureed boswellia bicolor is to use limited seeds for seedling culture. At present, researches on the apocynum bicolor are mostly concentrated on chemical components such as phenols and flavonoids of root bark, and the research on the propagation characteristics is very limited, and reports on the propagation aspect of the apocynum bicolor are not found. Therefore, limited apocynum bicolor seeds are fully utilized to carry out seed germination characteristic research, germination growth conditions such as environmental temperature, illumination, culture medium, moisture and the like are taken as single factors, a combination condition which can break seed dormancy to enable seed germination to reach the optimal state is sought, and a method step suitable for recovering the apocynum bicolor seeds from the field to germinate into seedlings is sought. The optimal technology for seed propagation is explored to improve the germination rate of the seeds and enable the seedlings to grow rapidly, and a certain scientific basis is provided for seedling propagation and large-scale cultivation of the Apollonian dichroa.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a method for promoting the quick germination of the bicolor polo honey seeds into seedlings, which can improve the germination rate.

In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: a method for promoting the rapid germination and seedling formation of the purpleflower odorata seeds comprises the following steps:

s1: preparing seeds, selecting strong and tall mother trees for fruit collection in the mature season of the seeds, and pretreating the fruits for later use after collection;

s2: preparing a culture medium, namely adopting humus as the culture medium, sterilizing before use, and then airing for later use under natural conditions;

s3: sowing in a container, namely, adopting a plastic box with the size of 17.2x11.7x7cm and the capacity of 1000mL, spreading a sterilized culture medium with the thickness of 5cm, sowing seeds, covering the culture medium with the thickness of 1cm, uniformly keeping the depth of about 0.7-1.3 cm, and covering a container cover with 3-5 ventilation holes with the diameter of 5 mm;

s4: the incubator is arranged, the container is placed in the artificial climate incubator for cultivation, and the cultivation conditions of the incubator are as follows: constant temperature of 35 ℃ and consistent periodical illumination (3000lx, 12h d)^-1) After the seeds are planted in the LRH-250-G illumination incubator for germination culture, the number of the germinated seeds is observed and counted every 4 days, and whether the seeds germinate is judged by taking the condition that yellow-green sprouts appear to earth by naked eyes as a standard. If no seeds germinate for 30 consecutive days, the batch of seeds is considered to have finished germination. The calculation formula is as follows:

the germination rate (%) is equal to the number of normal germination seeds/total number of ginseng test seeds multiplied by 100%;

the average germination duration (day) ═ Σ (t × n)/∑ n, where t is the number of days from the beginning of the germination test and n is the number of seeds germinated in t days;

s5: the first seedling transplanting is to 3-4 young leaves which grow to 80-90 mm in height and develop, and young stem parts of the seedlings are transplanted for the first time from light green to emerald green, and the transplanting method comprises the following steps: gently scooped out with a fine spoon, transferred to a constant temperature of 25 ℃ and kept in constant periodic light (3000lx, 12 h. d)^-1) The LRH-250-G illumination incubator adopts a plastic box container filled with 1000mL of sterilized humus soil to continue culture, and can properly prolong the water replenishing work to 3-4 days once in a constant temperature environment of 25 ℃;

s6: and (5) performing secondary seedling transplanting, namely performing secondary transplanting work of outdoor greenhouse environment culture after culturing for about 2-3 months in a constant-temperature incubator environment at 25 ℃.

As an improvement, the pretreatment method in S1 comprises the steps of firstly piling and retting the collected fruits for 1-2 days, rubbing and removing peel and pulp in water or in a bag, rinsing with clear water, drying the seeds, removing the seeds with obvious diseases and insect pests, and then using 0.1% K₂MnO₄Soaking and sterilizing for 30min, and washing with clear water.

As an improvement, the water content of the culture medium is always kept between 14 and 16 percent.

As an improvement, the sowing in the S3 is carried out without adopting a seed burying mode and the depth is not more than 2 cm.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the method has the advantages that conditions most suitable for germination are found by adopting a single-factor method, the conditions are fused, the effects of temperature, illumination, culture medium, medium water content and sowing depth on the germination of the purpleflower bicolor seeds are comprehensively discussed, and an optimal factor combination step for the germination of the purpleflower bicolor seeds is found.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of seed germination in an embodiment of the method for promoting rapid germination of purpleflower bicolor seeds into seedlings.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the growth of a first transplanted seedling according to an embodiment of the method for promoting the rapid germination of the purplish bicolor seeds into seedlings.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the growth of a second transplanted seedling according to an embodiment of the method for promoting the rapid germination of Apocynum bicolor seeds into seedlings.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the method for promoting the rapid germination and seedling growth of the purpleflower sweetberry seeds of the present invention after two months of the second transplantation.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the growth of seedlings cultured by 25 ℃ germination in S5 according to an embodiment of the method for promoting rapid germination and seedling formation of Artocarpus dichromatic seeds.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a method for promoting rapid germination and seedling formation of Artocarpus dichromatic seeds, in which the transplanted seedlings are cultured in an incubator environment at 25 ℃ in S5.

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of growth of seedlings transplanted into a greenhouse in an incubator at 25 ℃ in the third S5 according to an embodiment of the method for promoting quick germination and seedling formation of Artocarpus bicolor seeds of the present invention after two months of growth.

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a method for promoting the rapid germination and seedling formation of Artocarpus bicolor seeds according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the seedling growth of the seedling is transferred to a potted plant after the seedling is cultured and germinated by perlite in greenhouse environment in the fourth S5.

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a method for promoting rapid germination and seedling formation of Artocarpus bicolor seeds according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which perlite in greenhouse environment is cultured and germinated in four S5, seedlings transplanted to a potted plant continue to grow in the greenhouse after two months of culture.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Example one

A method for promoting the rapid germination and seedling formation of the purpleflower odorata seeds comprises the following steps:

s1: preparing seeds, selecting mature seed (10-11 months bottom) in fieldSelecting strong and big mother tree with concentrated fruit quantity for fruit collection, taking the fruit collected to the laboratory for stacking and retting for 1-2 days, rubbing off peel and pulp in water or in a bag, rinsing with clear water, drying the seeds, removing seeds with obvious diseases and insect pests, and adding 0.1% K₂MnO₄Soaking and sterilizing for 30min, and washing with clear water;

s2: preparing a culture medium, namely, adopting humus as the culture medium, spraying 0.5% carbendazim solution on the soaked culture medium for disinfection before use, and then airing the culture medium for later use under natural conditions;

s3: sowing in a container, namely sowing as soon as possible (11 month bottom) after the seeds are harvested, spreading a sterilized culture medium with the thickness of 5cm in a plastic box with the size of 17.2x11.7x7cm and the capacity of 1000mL, sowing the seeds, covering the culture medium with the thickness of 1cm, uniformly keeping the depth of 1cm, and covering a container cover with 3-5 air-permeable holes with the diameter of 5 mm;

s4: the incubator is arranged, the container is placed in the artificial climate incubator for cultivation, and the cultivation conditions of the incubator are as follows: constant temperature of 35 ℃ and consistent periodical illumination (3000lx, 12h d)^-1) The LRH-250-G illumination incubator has the advantages that the moisture content of the humus soil culture medium is kept at 15%, and the condition that the moisture content of the substrate is checked for at least 2 days is guaranteed;

s5: the first seedling transplanting is carried out, after 1 month of sowing, the emergence of sprouts is shown in figure 1, when the seedlings grow for 3 months (more than 90 days), the seeds basically sprout to about 86.7 percent of the peak germination rate, the first transplanting is carried out on the seedlings which grow to 75-95 mm and develop 3-4 young leaves, and the young stems of the seedlings change from light green to emerald green as shown in figure 2, and the transplanting method comprises the following steps: gently scooping up with a thin spoon, transferring to a constant temperature of 25 deg.C, and periodically maintaining the same illumination (3000lx, 12 h. d)^-1) The LRH-250-G illumination incubator adopts a plastic box container filled with 1000mL of sterilized humus soil to continue culture, and can properly prolong the water replenishing work to once every 3 to 4 days in a constant temperature environment of 25 ℃;

s6: and (2) performing second seedling transplanting, namely after the seedlings are cultured for about 2-3 months in a constant-temperature incubator environment at 25 ℃, the height of each seedling can reach about 122.71mm, the root length is about 42.48mm, and the fresh weight is about 1.19g as shown in figure 3, when the seedlings are just in early summer (5 months-6 months) at the end of spring, the outdoor temperature rises again, the second transplanting work of outdoor greenhouse environment culture is performed, the survival rate of the seedlings can reach over 95%, the seedlings are observed again after 2 months, the average height of the seedlings reaches about 300.79mm, the root length is about 86.41mm, and the fresh weight is about 3.91g as shown in figure 4.

Example two

(1) Seed preparation: same as example 1;

(2) preparing a culture medium: same as example 1;

(3) sowing in a container: same as example 1;

(4) the incubator sets up: placing the culture container in an artificial climate incubator for culturing, wherein the culture conditions of the incubator are as follows: constant temperature of 25 ℃ and consistent periodic illumination (3000lx, 12 h. d)^-1) The LRH-250-G illumination incubator is characterized in that the moisture content of a humus soil culture medium is kept at 15%, and different from the embodiment 1, a constant-temperature incubator at 25 ℃ is directly adopted for seed germination, seeds germinate at 2 months (more than 50 days) later and are more than 20 days later than the embodiment 1, and the germination rate can reach more than 80% after the seeds are cultured for 4 half months (more than 130 days) later and is more than 40 days later than the embodiment 1;

(5) transplanting seedlings: after sowing in the early summer (5-6 months) in the end of spring of the next year, the outdoor temperature rises again, the transplanting work of outdoor greenhouse environment culture is carried out, the survival rate of seedlings can reach more than 95%, the seedlings are observed again after 2 months, the average height of the grown seedlings reaches about 213.62mm, the root length is about 76.22mm, and the fresh weight is about 2.73g, as shown in figure 5, and the measured values of the grown seedlings, the root length and the fresh weight are obviously smaller than those of the example 1 on the whole.

EXAMPLE III

(1) Seed preparation: same as example 1;

(2) preparing a culture medium: the culture medium is coal soil, and is sprayed and soaked with 0.5% carbendazim solution for disinfection treatment before use, and is dried in the air for standby under natural conditions;

(3) sowing in a container: same as example 1;

(4) the incubator sets up: will cultivate the containerPlacing the mixture in an artificial climate incubator for culture, wherein the culture conditions of the incubator are as follows: constant temperature of 25 ℃ and consistent periodic illumination (3000lx, 12 h. d)^-1) The LRH-250-G illumination incubator has the water content of the coal-soil culture medium kept at 15%, and is different from the example 1 in that a constant-temperature incubator at 25 ℃ is directly adopted for seed germination culture, seeds germinate at 54 days almost at the same time as the example 1, the germination rate only reaches 73.3% when the seeds are cultured for 4 half months (more than 130 days), and the germination rate is basically kept unchanged and is 13.4% lower than that of the example 1;

(5) transplanting seedlings: when the seedlings grow to 6 to 7 leaves in the early summer (5 to 6 months) in the spring end of the second year after sowing, but the leaf color is totally yellow as shown in fig. 6, the transplanting work of outdoor greenhouse environment culture is carried out in time, the survival rate of the seedlings can also basically reach more than 90 percent, the seedlings are observed again after 2 months, the grown leaves become verdure, the height of the seedlings can reach about 184.41mm, the root length is about 69.67mm, and the fresh weight is about 2.52g as shown in fig. 7, but the whole height of the grown seedlings, the root length and the measured value of the fresh weight are obviously smaller than those of the example 1.

Example four

(1) Seed preparation: same as example 1;

(2) preparing a culture medium: the culture medium is perlite, and before use, the culture medium is sprayed and soaked by 0.5% carbendazim solution for disinfection treatment, and is dried in the air under natural conditions for later use;

(3) sowing in a greenhouse: the sowing time is as follows: the bottom of the month 11; the culture environment conditions are as follows: natural illumination, the temperature of which changes with four seasons, the water content of the perlite culture medium is kept at 15% in winter (about 10-15 ℃) and spring (about 15-25 ℃), and the humidity is kept by periodically spraying water, different from the embodiment 1, an outdoor greenhouse is directly adopted for seed germination culture, the seeds naturally sprout in 5 months after sowing, the sprouting time is more than 100 days later than that of the embodiment 1, the seeds still sprout continuously until 9 months, and the seedlings grow slowly, and the fibrous roots on the main roots are obviously less developed than those of the seedlings in the embodiment 1;

(4) transplanting seedlings: transplanting is carried out on seedlings which grow to 75-95 mm and develop 3-4 young leaves as shown in figure 8, the survival rate of the seedlings is 76.9%, after 2 months, the seedlings are observed again, the average height of the seedlings reaches about 141.25mm, the root length is about 70.21mm, and the fresh weight is about 1.15g as shown in figure 9.

The present invention and its embodiments have been described above, and the description is not intended to be limiting, and the drawings are only one embodiment of the present invention, and the actual structure is not limited thereto. In summary, those skilled in the art should appreciate that they can readily use the disclosed conception and specific embodiments as a basis for designing or modifying other structures for carrying out the same purposes of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for promoting the quick germination and seedling formation of the purpleflower bicolor seeds is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method for promoting the quick germination of the purpleflower bicolor seeds into seedlings comprises the following steps:

s4: the incubator is arranged, the container is placed in the artificial climate incubator for cultivation, and the cultivation conditions of the incubator are as follows: constant temperature of 35 ℃ and consistent periodical illumination (3000lx, 12h d)^-1) The LRH-250-G light incubator;

s5: the first seedling transplanting is to 3-4 young leaves which grow to 80-90 mm in height and develop, and young stem parts of the seedlings are transplanted for the first time from light green to emerald green, and the transplanting method comprises the following steps: gently scooped out with a fine spoon, transferred to a constant temperature of 25 ℃ and kept in constant periodic light (300)0lx，12h·d^-1) The LRH-250-G illumination incubator adopts a plastic box container filled with 1000mL of sterilized humus soil to continue culture, and can properly prolong the water replenishing work to once every 3 to 4 days in a constant temperature environment of 25 ℃;

s6: and (3) performing secondary seedling transplanting, namely performing secondary transplanting work of outdoor greenhouse environment culture after culturing for about 2-3 months in a constant-temperature incubator environment at 25 ℃.

2. The method for promoting the rapid germination of the purpleflower bicolor seeds into seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the pretreatment method in S1 comprises stacking and retting the collected fruits for 1-2 days, kneading and wiping off peel and pulp in water or in a bag, rinsing with clear water, air drying the seeds, removing seeds with obvious diseases and insect pests, and adding 0.1% K₂MnO₄Soaking and sterilizing for 30min, and washing with clear water.

3. The method for promoting the rapid germination of the purpleflower bicolor seeds into seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the water content of the culture medium is always kept between 14 and 16 percent.

4. The method for promoting the rapid germination of the purpleflower bicolor seeds into seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (3) the seeds are sown in S3 without adopting a seed burying mode and the depth of the seeds does not exceed 2 cm.