CN111527967A - Strong seedling cultivation method for Japanese pepper container seedlings - Google Patents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
- A01G9/0293—Seed or shoot receptacles
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/08—Devices for filling-up flower-pots or pots for seedlings; Devices for setting plants or seeds in pots
- A01G9/086—Devices for repotting
Abstract
A strong seedling cultivation method of a Japanese pepper seed container seedling comprises the following steps: collecting seeds of Japanese pepper in 7-8 months of the year, soaking the seeds in clear water, mixing with river sand, kneading, washing with clear water, drying in the air, and performing seed sand burying germination acceleration treatment on a sand bed, wherein the thickness of covering soil is 1-2 cm; after seeding for 20 days, transplanting the seedlings to a black plastic seedling bag with the density of 12cm multiplied by 14cm for cultivation, wherein the seedling medium is coconut chaff: peat soil: perlite is 7: 2: 1; covering with a film and a shading net with the shading degree of 30% -40%. Beginning in 3 months of the next year, 1 time of salicylic acid solution with the concentration of 150mg/L is poured and applied every 30 days, and 15 days are separated from the conventional fertilization; and (5) spraying salicylic acid until the seedling fast-growing period is finished in 10 months. The method for cultivating the zanthoxylum bungeanum maxim seedling by combining sand burying germination acceleration, light substrate seedling cultivation and salicylic acid spraying is convenient to operate and low in cost, the seeds are promoted to germinate in advance, the problems of low germination rate and slow seedling growth of the zanthoxylum bungeanum maxim seeds are effectively solved, the seedling rate is improved, and the method can be applied to production of zanthoxylum bungeanum maxim container seedlings.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for cultivating strong seedlings of zanthoxylum bungeanum seedlings, which is suitable for container seedling of the seedlings of lianas.
Background
The zanthoxylum bungeanum maxim is a climbing shrub plant of the genus rhododendron of the family annonaceae, and has various potential values in the aspects of viewing, eating, medicine, soil stabilization, slope protection and the like. The zanthoxylum bungeanum seeds grow in dense forests in hills or low-altitude shrubs in mountain lands, are basically in a wild state at present, and are rarely planted artificially in a large scale.
The research on the zanthoxylum bungeanum seeds is not common at home and abroad, and some reports are mainly focused on the aspects of geographical distribution, leaf morphological structure, chemical components, fruit nutrient components and photosynthetic property; in the aspect of breeding the zanthoxylum bungeanum seeds, Japanese plum-shihiki, etc. (2010) carry out isolated culture on the zanthoxylum bungeanum seeds to obtain a plurality of rooting seedlings; wang Xiuli et al reported that the seedling quality of Zanthoxylum piperitum is the best when the substrate of red clay and coconut husk (1: 1) is used for seeding and seedling raising, the height and the ground diameter of the seedling are respectively 8.3cm and 1.61mm after 80 days of seedling raising (tropical agricultural science, 2013, 33 (1): 20-24); the royal orchid and the like propose that seeds are soaked in warm water at 40 ℃ for 1h before sowing, so that the germination rate of the seeds can be improved to 68% at most (forestry science and technology communication, 2016, 10: 35-37). the research starts to explore some kinds of breeding of the zanthoxylum bungeanum seeds, but the germination rate of the seeds is low, the growth of the zanthoxylum bungeanum seeds in the seedling stage is slow, the bottleneck problem of artificial cultivation and planting of the zanthoxylum bungeanum seeds still exists, and the popularization and the application of the plant are influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a strong seedling cultivation method of Japanese pepper container seedlings, aiming at the problems of low seed germination rate and slow growth in seedling stage in the process of artificially cultivating seedlings of Japanese pepper, and an exogenous growth regulator is applied in a matched manner to promote root system development and overground part growth of the Japanese pepper seedlings.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a strong seedling cultivation method of a Japanese pepper seed container seedling comprises the following steps:
1. pretreatment of seeds: collecting mature fruit of Zanthoxylum piperitum in 7-8 months, soaking in clear water for 3 hr, mixing with fine sand, removing peel and pulp, rinsing with clear water, air drying clean seed in shade, and selecting plump seed as seeding material;
2. and (3) seed sand burying germination acceleration: sterilizing Zanthoxylum piperitum seeds with 1000 times of chlorothalonil solution for 5min, cleaning with clear water, air drying, applying 0.1% potassium permanganate solution to sand bed for 3-5 times, sterilizing for 1 day, dibbling Zanthoxylum piperitum seeds on the sand bed, covering sand with thickness of 1-2cm, and spacing between seeds of 8-10cm, watering regularly, keeping river sand moist, and removing weed in time;
3. preparing a seedling culture substrate: black plastic seedling raising bags of 12cm multiplied by 14cm are filled into a seedling raising substrate, and the seedling raising substrate comprises the following components in percentage by mass: peat soil: perlite is 7: 2: 1;
4. transplanting the bud seedlings: after the seeds of the zanthoxylum bungeanum maxim germinate and grow cotyledons, transplanting the bud seedlings with the cotyledons into a seedling culture container; 1 day before seedling transplantation, 0.1% potassium permanganate solution is used for watering and applying matrix for disinfection, clean water is used for watering and washing the matrix for 2 times during seedling transplantation, bamboo sticks are used for inserting holes, then the roots of seedlings are completely buried and compacted, enough root fixing water is poured, a film and a shading net with shading degree of 30% -40% are covered, and the shading net is uncovered for airing in the shade;
5. after 5d of seedling transplantation, applying compound fertilizer water and fertilizer with the concentration of 0.5%, keeping the seedbed moist without water accumulation once every 20d, controlling the substrate humidity to be 70-80%, and weeding in time;
6. and (3) spraying the growth regulator salicylic acid with the concentration of 50-200 mg/L from 3 months in the next year, watering for 1 time every 30 days, and spraying the salicylic acid 15 days away from the conventional fertilization till the end of the seedling fast-growing period in 10 months.
Preferably, the concentration of the salicylic acid sprayed as the growth regulator is 100-150 mg/L.
Preferably, the concentration of the salicylic acid sprayed as the growth regulator is 150 mg/L.
The method is characterized in that the litsea cubeba container seedlings are cultivated by adopting a light matrix, salicylic acid solution is applied, the concentration is preferably 150mg/L, and the litsea cubeba container seedlings are sprayed, so that the growth of seedlings can be promoted.
The invention has the outstanding advantages that:
1. the method is characterized in that the zanthoxylum bungeanum maxim container seedlings are cultivated by adopting a light matrix, and salicylic acid solution is applied to remarkably promote the zanthoxylum bungeanum maxim container seedlings, wherein the zanthoxylum bungeanum maxim container seedlings sprayed with the salicylic acid solution of 150mg/L have the highest growth rate of the ground diameter, and the growth ranges respectively reach 138% and 154.9%.
2. The salicylic acid is adopted for treatment after spring beginning in the next year, which is beneficial to strong seedling cultivation and can be used for landscape, slope protection planting or transplanting agricultural land for medicinal plant cultivation.
3. The method is simple, convenient to operate and low in cost.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further illustrated by the following examples.
Example 1
The embodiment is a specific example of the strong seedling cultivation method of the Japanese pepper container seedling, and the method comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of seeds: collecting mature fruit of Zanthoxylum piperitum in suburb of south-Ning city of Guangxi 20/8.2017, soaking in clear water for 3 hr, mixing with fine sand, removing peel and pulp, rinsing with clear water, air drying clean seed in shade, selecting plump good seed as seeding material, and storing in fresh-keeping cabinet at 4 deg.C for use.
(2) And (3) seed sand burying germination acceleration: sterilizing the seeds of the zanthoxylum bungeanum maxim by 1000 times of chlorothalonil solution for 5min, cleaning the seeds by clear water, airing the seeds for later use, and performing germination accelerating treatment on a sand bed in a plastic greenhouse. And (3) watering the sand bed for 3-5 times by using 0.1% potassium permanganate solution, after 1 day of disinfection treatment, dibbling Zanthoxylum bungeanum seeds on the sand bed in 2017, 8 months and 25 days, wherein the covering thickness is 1-2cm, the distance between the seeds is 8-10cm, watering is carried out regularly, the river sand is kept moist, and weeds are removed in time. The germination start time, end time and germination percentage were observed and shown in Table 1.
(3) Preparing a seedling culture substrate: black plastic seedling raising bags of 12cm multiplied by 14cm are filled into a seedling raising substrate, and the seedling raising substrate comprises the following components in percentage by mass: peat soil: perlite is 7: 2: 1.
(4) Transplanting the bud seedlings: after the seeds of the zanthoxylum bungeanum maxim germinate and grow cotyledons, transplanting the bud seedlings with the cotyledons into a seedling raising container, and continuing the transplanting work until the germination is finished. The matrix is applied with 0.1 percent potassium permanganate solution for disinfection 1 day before seedling transplantation, the matrix is applied with clear water for 2 times during seedling transplantation, bamboo sticks are used for inserting holes, then the roots of the seedlings are completely buried and compacted, enough root fixing water is sprayed, a film and a shading net with the shading degree of 30 to 40 percent are covered, and the shading net is uncovered for airing in the shade.
(5) After the seedlings are transplanted for 5 days, compound fertilizer water and fertilizer with the concentration of 0.5 percent are applied, the seedbed is kept moist and free of water accumulation once every 20 days, the substrate humidity is 70-80 percent, and the weeds are removed in time. The height and the ground diameter of the seedlings are measured in 2017, 11 and 18 months, and are shown in table 1.
(6) Spraying the growth regulator salicylic acid with the concentration of 150mg/L from 3 months in the next year, watering for 1 time every 30 days, and spraying the salicylic acid 15 days away from the conventional fertilization till the end of the seedling fast-growing period in 10 months.
TABLE 1 Germination percentage of Zanthoxylum piperitum seed after germination acceleration by sand burying and seedling growth index
As can be seen from the test results in Table 1, the river sand buried germination method is adopted in the test, germination starts 11 days after sowing, and germination ends 26 days later, and the average germination rate reaches 75%. Sowing for 80 days, wherein the average height and the average ground diameter of the zanthoxylum bungeanum seeds are respectively 9.8cm and 1.48mm, and the zanthoxylum piperitum seeds are collected and the peel and the pulp of the zanthoxylum piperitum are removed in 2015 in 8 months Guangdong Fushan city, which is proposed by royal orchid and the like, soaking the seeds in warm water for 1 hour at 20 ℃, 40 ℃ and 60 ℃ respectively, sowing the seeds in a seedling tray containing sandy loam, and beginning to germinate 14 to 18 days after sowing; the germination rates of the seeds after 54 days of sowing are respectively 42%, 68% and 0%. Compared with the reported Wang Xiuli and the like which adopt a matrix of red soil and coconut husk (1: 1), namely the zanthoxylum piperitum seedling with the height of 8.3cm and the ground diameter of 1.61mm, the seedling height is improved by 18.1 percent, and the ground diameter is reduced by 6.6 percent.
Therefore, the sand burying germination accelerating is adopted to promote early germination of the zanthoxylum bungeanum seeds and improve the germination rate of the seeds; the matrix is coconut husk: peat soil: the perlite can improve the seedling height growth of the seedling as 7: 2: 1 ″.
Example 2
This example is another example of the strong seedling cultivation method of the container seedling of zanthoxylum piperitum of the present invention, and mainly considers the effect of salicylic acid solution treatment on the growth promotion of seedlings.
(1) After sowing and seedling raising for 7 months, namely 3 months in the second year, selecting the litsea cubeba container seedlings with basically consistent growth vigor, wherein the specification of a seedling raising bag is 12cm multiplied by 14cm, and the matrix in the seedling raising bag comprises the following components in percentage by mass: coconut husk, peat soil, perlite, 7: 2: 1, the seedling raising greenhouse is a shading net with the coverage height of 2m and the shading degree of 30-40%.
(2) The concentrations of salicylic acid were 50mg/L, 100mg/L, 150mg/L and 200mg/L, respectively, and no salicylic acid was added as a Control (CK), and the treatment was carried out for 9 treatments, 3 replicates each, and 5 plantlets per replicate (1 plantlet/pot). Spraying salicylic acid solution for 1 time in 2018, 3 and 20 days, and spraying 50mL each plant. Spraying for 1 time every month, and spraying for the last 1 time in 2018, 9 and 20 months. The experiment was terminated in 2018, 10 months and 20 days, and the growth index was measured. The test field adopts an automatic sprinkling irrigation facility, and the water is respectively irrigated twice in the early morning and at the evening every day.
The height and the ground diameter of the seedlings are respectively measured before the test is started and after the test is finished, and the seedling growth indexes are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 influence of salicylic acid solutions of different concentrations on the height and diameter growth of the seedlings of Zanthoxylum piperitum
As can be seen from the test results in Table 2, the mountain pepper seedlings sprayed with 150mg/L salicylic acid solution have the highest height, the highest ground diameter growth rate and the obvious growth amplitude which respectively reach 138 percent and 84.97 percent. And Wang Xiuli and the like report that seeds are collected in Xuwen county in Guangdong in 2012 at 8 months of 2012, and then are dibbled into plastic pots filled with a plurality of substrates for seeding and seedling raising, after 80 days, the substrates 'red soil + coconut husk (1: 1)' are adopted, the height and the ground diameter of the mountain pepper seedlings are maximum, and are respectively 8.3cm and 1.61mm, and the seedlings in the next year are not subjected to strong seedling culture. The method adopts salicylic acid for treatment after spring beginning in the next year, is favorable for strong seedling cultivation, and can be used for landscape, slope protection planting or transplanting agricultural land for medicinal plant cultivation.
Claims (5)
1. A strong seedling cultivation method of a Japanese pepper container seedling is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of seeds: collecting mature fruit of Zanthoxylum piperitum in 7-8 months, soaking in clear water for 3 hr, mixing with fine sand, removing peel and pulp, rinsing with clear water, air drying clean seed in shade, and selecting plump seed as seeding material;
(2) and (3) seed sand burying germination acceleration: sterilizing Zanthoxylum bungeanum seeds with 1000 times of chlorothalonil solution for 5min, cleaning with clear water, air drying, applying 0.1% potassium permanganate solution to a sand bed for 3-5 times, performing sterilization treatment for 1 day, dibbling Zanthoxylum bungeanum seeds on the sand bed, covering river sand with the thickness of 1-2cm, wherein the distance between the seeds is 8-10cm, watering regularly, keeping the river sand moist, and removing weeds in time;
(3) preparing a seedling culture substrate: black plastic seedling raising bags of 12cm multiplied by 14cm are filled into a seedling raising substrate, and the seedling raising substrate comprises the following components in percentage by mass: peat soil: perlite is 7: 2: 1;
(4) transplanting the bud seedlings: after the seeds of the zanthoxylum bungeanum maxim germinate and grow cotyledons, transplanting the bud seedlings with the cotyledons into a seedling culture container; 1 day before seedling transplantation, 0.1% potassium permanganate solution is used for watering and applying matrix for disinfection, clean water is used for watering and washing the matrix for 2 times during seedling transplantation, bamboo sticks are used for inserting holes, then the roots of seedlings are completely buried and compacted, enough root fixing water is poured, a film and a shading net with shading degree of 30% -40% are covered, and the shading net is uncovered for airing in the shade;
(5) after 5d of seedling transplantation, applying compound fertilizer water and fertilizer with the concentration of 0.5%, keeping the seedbed moist without water accumulation once every 20d, controlling the substrate humidity to be 70-80%, and weeding in time;
(6) and (3) spraying the growth regulator salicylic acid with the concentration of 50-200 mg/L from 3 months in the next year, watering for 1 time every 30 days, and spraying the salicylic acid 15 days away from the conventional fertilization till the end of the seedling fast-growing period in 10 months.
2. The method for cultivating strong pepper seedlings in a container as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pre-treatment of seeds further comprises selecting plump and good seeds as seeding materials, and storing the seeds in a fresh-keeping cabinet at 4 ℃ for later use.
3. The method for cultivating strong pepper seedlings in a container according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of the sprayed growth regulator salicylic acid is 100-150 mg/L.
4. The method for cultivating strong pepper seedlings in a container according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of salicylic acid sprayed with the growth regulator is 150 mg/L.
5. The method for cultivating strong seedlings of Japanese pepper container seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the young seedlings in the next year are treated with salicylic acid after the spring of the next year, and are subjected to strong seedling cultivation.
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| CN114711127A (en) * | 2022-03-21 | 2022-07-08 | 中国林业科学研究院高原林业研究所 | Method for raising seedlings of pinus kesiya |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112154727A (en) * | 2020-10-14 | 2021-01-01 | 绥阳县雅泉小康农业专业合作社 | Pepper planting method |
| CN114711127A (en) * | 2022-03-21 | 2022-07-08 | 中国林业科学研究院高原林业研究所 | Method for raising seedlings of pinus kesiya |
| CN114711127B (en) * | 2022-03-21 | 2024-04-09 | 中国林业科学研究院高原林业研究所 | Seedling raising method for pinus massoniana |
| CN115517127A (en) * | 2022-09-29 | 2022-12-27 | 中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园 | Yamaowei seed germination and seedling raising method |
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| CN111527967B (en) | 2022-01-18 |
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