CN111713394B - Saffron substrate cultivation method - Google Patents
Saffron substrate cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111713394B CN111713394B CN202010787217.7A CN202010787217A CN111713394B CN 111713394 B CN111713394 B CN 111713394B CN 202010787217 A CN202010787217 A CN 202010787217A CN 111713394 B CN111713394 B CN 111713394B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/35—Bulbs; Alliums, e.g. onions or leeks
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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Abstract
The invention discloses a saffron substrate cultivation method, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: step 1, preparing a cultivation groove; step 2, preparing a substrate; step 3, grading the seed balls; step 4, bud picking of the seed balls; step 5, sterilizing the seed balls; step 6, planting time; step 7, cultivating density and depth; step 8, managing water and fertilizer; step 9, weeding and pest control; step 10: and (6) seed ball harvesting. Under the condition of definite substrate cultivation, the invention optimizes the planting depth, planting density and fertilizing amount of saffron with different grades, thereby improving the yield of saffron and providing a theoretical basis for the factory propagation and production of saffron plants.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a saffron substrate cultivation method, and belongs to the technical field of saffron cultivation.
Background
Stigma croci (Crocus sativus L.), also known as stigma croci and Crocus sativus, is a perennial bulbous herb of Crocus genus of Iridaceae family; the red dry stigma and style can be used as the drug, which is the only plant in saffron. The introduction and planting of saffron in China has been 40 years more, and in 2004, it has been expanded to 17 provinces and cities in China, and 59 areas. At present, the quality of the domestic saffron product is superior to that of the imported saffron, the domestic saffron product is one of key development projects by the national department of science and technology, and the domestic saffron product is a Chinese medicinal material variety which is key developed by the national administration of traditional Chinese medicine. Besides the medicinal value, the saffron is also a natural coloring agent and a flavoring agent, can be used for coloring and flavoring foods, beverages, soup bases, spices and cosmetics, has higher economic value and is known as 'red gold'. Therefore, the saffron is an important traditional Chinese medicinal material and an important raw material in the food and chemical industries. In recent years, the social demand of saffron is on the rise, the saffron produced in China only accounts for about 20% of the domestic demand, a great amount of foreign exchange is still needed to introduce saffron every year, and the yield and quality of saffron are urgently needed to be improved.
The cultivation of saffron is mainly carried out in open field at present regardless of the origin place or China, the growth environment (illumination, temperature, moisture and air) is unstable and uncontrollable, and the growth and breeding of the seed ball of the saffron are seriously influenced. The substrate cultivation can create a good root ecological environment required by the growth of crops, not only can provide nutrient substances required by the growth and development of the plants, but also can solve the contradictions of moisture, nutrients, ventilation and the like in the traditional soil, and can effectively overcome the problems of soil-borne diseases, soil salinization, nutrient element imbalance, microbial flora imbalance and the like. Therefore, the cultivation method for forming the saffron substrate has important significance: (1) firstly, the substrate is used for cultivating the saffron, so that nutrient substances required in the growth process of the saffron can be provided, and the occurrence of the rot of the saffron can be reduced by measures such as disinfection of the substrate and the like; (2) secondly, the standardized cultivation of saffron by adopting the soilless culture technology is an effective way for producing pollution-free Chinese medicinal materials. (3) In addition, the saffron planting mode is improved in the Yangtze triangle area in China, a two-stage type cultivation mode is adopted, namely, two stages of indoor flower cultivation and picking and field seedball breeding are adopted, a rice-saffron rotation mode is formed, and during the indoor flowering period of the saffron, the cultivation substrate can be used for seedling breeding of plants such as vegetables and flowers, so that resources can be fully utilized.
In recent years, although the culture method of saffron matrix has been paid attention, Yuan Bin and the like analyze the research on the influence of different matrixes on the physiological and biochemical metabolism and the propagation coefficient of saffron, and Wangchunjian and the like compare the influence of different culture matrixes on the yield and the quality of the seed ball of saffron. However, during the planting of saffron, besides the culture medium, the amount of base fertilizer used, the culture density and depth, top dressing, etc. also affect the yield and quality of the bulb of the progeny, and these aspects have not been sufficiently paid attention. In order to form the saffron substrate cultivation method, optimization needs to be carried out on the aspects of substrate ratio screening, seed ball grading, water and fertilizer management and the like so as to improve the yield and the quality of saffron and meet the market demand of saffron. In addition, the indoor plant factory is a product of agricultural planting industrialization, is most easy to realize the intelligent production of agricultural products, and is also the direction of agricultural product planting development in the 21 st century; the economic value of saffron is high, and the saffron is one of the suitable traditional Chinese medicinal materials for developing plant factory production, so that the optimization of the saffron matrix cultivation mode can provide a theoretical basis for annual production of saffron by utilizing plant factories.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: in order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a saffron substrate cultivation method, which optimizes the planting depth, the planting density and the fertilizing amount of different grades of saffron under the condition of definite substrate cultivation, thereby improving the yield of saffron and providing a theoretical basis for the factory propagation and production of saffron plants.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to solve the technical problem, the saffron substrate cultivation method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, preparation of a cultivation groove: building a cultivation groove at a higher place of the terrain, wherein the length, the width and the height are respectively 24.0m multiplied by 1.4m multiplied by 0.3m, digging a drainage ditch with the length, the width and the depth of 24.0m multiplied by 0.3m in the middle of the bottom of the cultivation groove, and avoiding water accumulation in the cultivation process;
step 2, preparing a substrate: selecting Woodfish turf and perlite for saffron seedball cultivation, wherein the proportion of a cultivation substrate is Woodfish turf: perlite is 4:1 (volume ratio); organic fertilizers are used as base fertilizers, and the using amount of the organic fertilizers is 3000-4000 kg/mu; the invention compares the influence of the Woodfish pure grass carbon and the mixed matrix of the Woodfish carbon and the perlite on the seed ball weight of the filial generation of saffron and the incidence rate of the bulb rot disease, and screens out the mixed matrix of the Woodfish carbon and the perlite which is more suitable to be used as the culture matrix of the saffron than the pure grass carbon. In addition, the influence of different base fertilizer application amounts (2000 kg/mu, 3000 kg/mu and 4000 kg/mu) on the weight of the filial generation seed balls of the saffron flowers is compared, and the result shows that the weight of the filial generation seed balls is obviously increased along with the increase of the base fertilizer application amount, wherein when the base fertilizer application amount is 4000 kg/mu, the weight of the filial generation seed balls is higher than 3000 kg/mu, but the difference is not obvious. Therefore, when the matrix is cultivated, the appropriate base fertilizer is used in an amount of 3000-4000 kg/mu, and when the amount of the base fertilizer is less than 3000 kg/mu, the weight of the bulb of the filial generation is reduced; and higher than 4000 kg/mu, the production cost is increased.
Step 3, ball grading: selecting seedballs, and dividing the seedballs into a first-grade seedball and a second-grade seedball according to the weight of the seedballs in the current year (harvested before the middle ten days of the month 5 and aired in shady and cool places), wherein the weight of the first-grade seedball is 15-25 g, and the weight of the second-grade seedball is 25-35 g;
step 4, bud picking of the seed balls: all side buds of the first-grade seedball and the second-grade seedball are erased, 1-2 terminal buds are reserved in the first-grade seedball, and 2 terminal buds are reserved in the second-grade seedball; the ball is graded, and the bulbs of the offspring of the two grades can reach the flowering ball grade. Wherein 25-35 g of the corms keep progeny corms generated by 2 terminal buds and can still ensure the flowering rate of the corms; 15~25 g's bulb can keep 1~2 terminal buds, because saffron belongs to the branch ball and breeds, if need enlarge seedball quantity, then keep 2 terminal buds, if need increase filial generation bulb weight, then keep 1 terminal bud. The division of 2 specifications can ensure the yield of stigma croci on one hand and the breeding of corms of saffron on the other hand, the flowering quantity of the first-grade seed balls is less than that of the second-grade seed balls, the first-grade seed balls can be planted before the second-grade seed balls after flowering, the field growth time is prolonged, and the purpose of optimizing cultivation is achieved.
Step 5, ball seed disinfection: soaking the seed balls in 0.1% potassium permanganate solution for 30s, and then placing the seed balls in a shade place to be dried and then planting the seed balls;
step 6, planting time: in the long delta area, open field substrate cultivation is carried out in the last ten days of 11-12 months;
step 7, cultivation density and depth: the planting density of the first grade seedball and the second grade seedball is consistent and is 110/m2I.e. its strainThe line spacing is 10cm by 10 cm; the planting depth of the first-grade seed balls is consistent with that of the second-grade seed balls, and the planting depth is 3-4 times of the height of the bulbs;
step 8, water and fertilizer management: and (3) applying nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in a proportion of 30: 10: 10, the fertilizing amount is 5 kg/mu; after planting for 45d, applying a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio of 30: 10: 10 granular fertilizers, the fertilizing amount of which is 9 kg/mu; then every 20d, the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio is 30: 10: 10, the fertilizing amount of the granular fertilizer is 4 kg/mu till the end of 2 months in the next year; in the beginning of 3 months, the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio is 10 at intervals of 15 days: 30: 20 of granular fertilizer, wherein the fertilizing amount is 4 kg/mu till 4 middle ten days of the month; no fertilizer is applied until the seed balls are harvested in the middle ten days of 4 months; through comparison experiments, the incidence rate of rot disease of the applied granular fertilizer is lower than that of water-soluble fertilizer, and the fertilizer is more beneficial to the growth of the saffron.
Step 9, weeding and pest control: artificially weeding once in 2 months, 3 months and 4 months of the next year after seedball planting, and timely taking the seedball away from a planting field after weed removal; during 2-4 months, if plants infected with the bulb rot disease show a yellow leaf phenomenon, the infected bulbs should be treated in time during weeding and destroyed in time;
step 10: and (4) seed ball harvesting: digging out the seedballs in sunny days after the overground part of the saffron is completely withered from the first ten days to the middle ten days of the month 5; when the seed balls are dug and taken, the integrity of the bulbs is ensured, the residual matrix on the surface is removed and is placed in a shade place for airing, and the bulbs and the roots are placed indoors for storage after the residual mother bulbs and the roots are fully dried and fall off.
Further, in the step 8, if rainfall occurs within half a month during the cultivation period, watering is not needed; if no rainfall occurs for half a month, drip irrigation is adopted for supplementing water until the matrix is wet; if the rainfall lasts for a long time, whether the drainage ditch has accumulated water or not needs to be checked in time, and the accumulated water needs to be removed as soon as possible.
Further, the 0.1% potassium permanganate solution in the step 5 can be soaked without passing through the bulb.
Further, the Wolff grass carbon and the perlite in the step 1 are purchased from Dahan landscape science and technology Limited; the organic fertilizer is purchased from Shanghai New standing grain green biological organic fertilizer Co.Ltd, and has registration number ofShanghai farming fertilizer No. 0140; organic matter content is more than or equal to 45 percent, N-P2O5-K2O≥5％。
Saffron has high medicinal and economic values, and as the application range is wide, the domestic saffron is in short supply with the increasing social demand year by year. The Yangtze triangle area is used as an important production area of saffron and has great advantages in the aspects of facility cultivation and plant factory production.
Has the advantages that: (1) the invention carries out contrast test and optimization in the aspects of matrix groove preparation, matrix proportion, base fertilizer usage, cultivation density and depth, additional fertilization mode and the like, forms a saffron matrix cultivation mode, can not only ensure the propagation of saffron seed balls, but also ensure the content of saffron glycoside which is a functional component of saffron, and can provide theoretical basis for saffron facility cultivation and plant factory cultivation. (2) Aiming at the growth habit of the water logging intolerance of the saffron, a cultivation groove is selected to be built at a higher place, and a drainage ditch with the length, the width and the depth of 24.0m multiplied by 0.3m is dug at the bottom of the cultivation groove, so that the influence of water accumulation on the length of the saffron or the increase of the incidence rate of rot disease is avoided; the length, width and height of the cultivation groove are respectively 24.0m multiplied by 1.4m multiplied by 0.3m, and the width is relatively narrow, so that the cultivation groove is convenient for workers to plant and harvest. (3) In the production process, the proportion of 15-35 g of the seed balls is high, the proportion of the seed balls with the weight higher than 35g of the seed balls is small, the flowering quantity of the seed balls below 15g is small, and the seed balls are suitable for being planted in advance, so that the field growth time is prolonged, and the growth of the bulbs is promoted. The method comprises the steps of dividing 15-35 g of bulbs into two grades (namely 15-25 g and 25-35 g), screening conditions such as a suitable culture medium, a suitable cultivation density depth and a suitable water and fertilizer management, and providing reference for medium cultivation management of different grades of saffron bulbs.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the condition of saffron matrix cultivation place
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
Step 1, preparation of a cultivation groove: building a cultivation groove at a higher place of the terrain, wherein the length, the width and the height are respectively 24.0m multiplied by 1.4m multiplied by 0.3m, digging a drainage ditch with the length, the width and the depth of 24.0m multiplied by 0.3m in the middle of the bottom of the cultivation groove, and avoiding water accumulation in the cultivation process;
step 2, preparing a substrate: selecting Woodfish turf and perlite for saffron seedball cultivation, wherein the proportion of a cultivation substrate is Woodfish turf: perlite is 4:1 (volume ratio); organic fertilizer is used as base fertilizer, and the using amount of the organic fertilizer is 3000 kg/mu; wooscarlatina charcoal and perlite are purchased from Dahan landscape science and technology Limited; the organic fertilizer is purchased from Shanghai New cereal green bio-organic fertilizer Limited, and the registration number of the organic fertilizer is Shanghai agricultural fertilizer number 0140; organic matter content is more than or equal to 45 percent, N-P2O5-K2O≥5％。
Step 3, ball grading: selecting seed balls, and dividing the seed balls into first-grade seed balls and second-grade seed balls according to the weight of the harvested seed balls, wherein the weight of the first-grade seed balls is 15-25 g after harvesting, and the weight of the second-grade seed balls is 25-35 g after harvesting;
step 4, bud picking of the seed balls: all side buds of the first-grade seedball and the second-grade seedball are erased, 1-2 terminal buds are reserved in the first-grade seedball, and 2 terminal buds are reserved in the second-grade seedball;
step 5, ball seed disinfection: soaking the seed balls in 0.1% potassium permanganate solution for 30s, and then placing the seed balls in a shade place to be dried and then planting the seed balls; the potassium permanganate solution is soaked in the water without passing through the bulb.
Step 6, planting time: in the long delta area, open field substrate cultivation is carried out in the last ten days of 11-12 months;
step 7, cultivation density and depth: the planting density of the first grade seedball and the second grade seedball is consistent and is 110/m2Namely, the row spacing of the plants is 10cm by 10 cm; the planting depth of the first-grade seed ball and the second-grade seed ball is consistent and is 3 times of the height of the corm;
step 8, water and fertilizer management: and (3) applying nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in a proportion of 30: 10: 10, the fertilizing amount is 5 kg/mu; after planting for 45d, applying a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio of 30: 10: 10 granular fertilizers, the fertilizing amount of which is 9 kg/mu; then every 20d, the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio is 30: 10: 10, the fertilizing amount of the granular fertilizer is 4 kg/mu till the end of 2 months in the next year; in the beginning of 3 months, the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio is 10 at intervals of 15 days: 30: 20 of granular fertilizer, wherein the fertilizing amount is 4 kg/mu till 4 middle ten days of the month; no fertilizer is applied until the seed balls are harvested in the middle ten days of 4 months; if rainfall occurs in half a month during the cultivation period, watering is not needed; if no rainfall occurs for half a month, drip irrigation is adopted for supplementing water until the matrix is wet; if the rainfall lasts for a long time, whether the drainage ditch has accumulated water or not needs to be checked in time, and the accumulated water needs to be removed as soon as possible.
Step 9, weeding and pest control: artificially weeding once in 2 months, 3 months and 4 months of the next year after seedball planting, and timely taking the seedball away from a planting field after weed removal; during 2-4 months, if plants infected with the bulb rot disease show a yellow leaf phenomenon, the infected bulbs should be treated in time during weeding and destroyed in time;
step 10: and (4) seed ball harvesting: digging out the seedballs in sunny days after the overground part of the saffron is completely withered from the first ten days to the middle ten days of the month 5; when the seed balls are dug and taken, the integrity of the bulbs is ensured, the residual matrix on the surface is removed and is placed in a shade place for airing, and the bulbs and the roots are placed indoors for storage after the residual mother bulbs and the roots are fully dried and fall off.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example differs from example 1 in that the substrate in step 2 is Wolff grass peat.
Comparative example 2
The comparative example is different from example 1 in that the amount of the base fertilizer used in step 2 is 2000 kg/mu.
Comparative example 3
The comparative example is different from example 1 in that the amount of the base fertilizer used in step 2 is 4000 kg/mu.
Comparative example 4
This comparative example differs from example 1 in that the planting density in step 7 was 86 pieces/m2。
Comparative example 5
This comparative example differs from example 1 in that the planting density in step 7 was 134 pieces/m2。
Comparative example 6
This comparative example differs from example 1 in that the planting depth in step 7 is 2 times the height of the bulbs.
Comparative example 7
This comparative example differs from example 1 in that the planting depth in step 7 is 4 times the height of the bulbs.
Comparative example 8
The comparative example differs from example 1 in that the top dressing in step 8 is a water soluble fertilizer.
From the above examples and comparative example 1 the following table was obtained:
TABLE 1 comparison of the weight of the seeded balls under different substrates
Injecting: in the table, 'pre-planting weight' means the weight of the seed ball after flowering, not the weight after harvesting; the data in the table are the mean of 3 replicates, as follows.
As can be seen from the above table, under different substrate cultivation, the saffron seed balls (15-25 g and 25-35 g) of different specifications use grass carbon: when the perlite is a 4:1 (volume ratio) matrix, the weight gain of the perlite is obviously superior to that of a pure turf matrix, and especially the weight gain of 25-35 g of seed balls is obvious.
TABLE 2 comparison of seed ball weights at different base fertilizer application rates
As can be seen from the above table, the difference of the usage amount of the base fertilizer for the saffron is obvious for the harvested weight of the saffron corms, when 2000 kg/mu is used, the harvested weight/the weight before planting is only 1.75, and when 3000 kg/mu and 4000 kg/mu are respectively 1.98 and 2.09. Therefore, 3000 kg/mu and 4000 kg/mu are more suitable for being used as base fertilizers for cultivating the saffron matrix.
TABLE 3 comparison of seedball weights at different planting densities
As can be seen from the above table, although the planting density is 86 pieces/m2110 pieces/m2And 134 pieces/m2The ratio of the postharvest weight to the pre-planting weight is 1.76, 1.91 and 1.88 respectively; although the planting density is 86 pieces/m2Is better than 110/m2And 134 pieces/m2However, 110/m2The weight of the plant is increased by 86 pieces/m under the planting density2Is closer to and better than 134/m2。
TABLE 4 comparison of seed ball weights at different planting depths
As can be seen from the above table, with the increase of the planting depth, the weight gain of the saffron seed ball is increased, and when the planting depth is 3-4 times of the height of the corm, the weight gain effect of the seed ball is superior to 2 times.
TABLE 5 comparison of weight of topdressing seed balls and incidence of rot disease for different traits
As can be seen from the table above, for saffron corms (15-25 g and 25-35 g) with different specifications, the weight gain of seed balls is better when granular fertilizer is used during topdressing, which may be related to climate in Yangtze triangle area, and rainwater may cause excessive flow of water-soluble fertilizer; and after the granular fertilizer is used, the incidence rate of seed ball rot is lower than that of the water-soluble fertilizer.
TABLE 6 saffron parameters obtained according to the method of example 1
As can be seen from the above table, the substrate cultivation mode of the invention is beneficial to the propagation of saffron seedballs, and the content of functional components is closer to that of soil cultivation.
The foregoing illustrates and describes the principles, general features, and advantages of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the above embodiments do not limit the present invention in any way, and all technical solutions obtained by using equivalent alternatives or equivalent variations fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A saffron substrate cultivation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, preparation of a cultivation groove: building a cultivation groove at a higher place of the terrain, wherein the length, the width and the height are respectively 24.0m multiplied by 1.4m multiplied by 0.3m, digging a drainage ditch with the length, the width and the depth of 24.0m multiplied by 0.3m in the middle of the bottom of the cultivation groove, and avoiding water accumulation in the cultivation process;
step 2, preparing a substrate: selecting Wooscarlatifolia charcoal and perlite for saffron seedball cultivation, wherein the volume ratio of the Wooscarlatifolia charcoal to the perlite is 4: 1; organic fertilizers are used as base fertilizers, and the using amount of the organic fertilizers is 3000-4000 kg/mu;
step 3, ball grading: selecting seed balls, and dividing the seed balls into first-grade seed balls and second-grade seed balls according to the weight of the harvested seed balls, wherein the weight of the first-grade seed balls is 15-25 g after harvesting, and the weight of the second-grade seed balls is 25-35 g after harvesting;
step 4, bud picking of the seed balls: all side buds of the first-grade seedball and the second-grade seedball are erased, 1-2 terminal buds are reserved in the first-grade seedball, and 2 terminal buds are reserved in the second-grade seedball;
step 5, ball seed disinfection: soaking the seed balls in 0.1% potassium permanganate solution for 30s, and then placing the seed balls in a shade place to be dried and then planting the seed balls;
step 6, planting time: in the long delta area, open field cultivation and planting are carried out in the last ten days of 11-12 months;
step 7, cultivation density and depth: the planting density of the first grade seedball and the second grade seedball is consistent and is 110/m2Namely, the row spacing of the plants is 10cm by 10 cm; the planting depth of the first-grade seed balls is consistent with that of the second-grade seed balls, and the planting depth is 3-4 times of the height of the bulbs;
step 8, water and fertilizer management: and (3) applying nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in a proportion of 30: 10: 10, the fertilizing amount is 5 kg/mu; after planting for 45d, applying a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio of 30: 10: 10 granular fertilizers, the fertilizing amount of which is 9 kg/mu; then every 20d, the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio is 30: 10: 10, the fertilizing amount of the granular fertilizer is 4 kg/mu till the end of 2 months in the next year; in the beginning of 3 months, the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio is 10 at intervals of 15 days: 30: 20 of granular fertilizer, wherein the fertilizing amount is 4 kg/mu till 4 middle ten days of the month; no fertilizer is applied until the seed balls are harvested in the middle ten days of 4 months;
step 9, weeding and pest control: artificially weeding once in 2 months, 3 months and 4 months of the next year after seedball planting, and timely taking the seedball away from a planting field after weed removal; during 2-4 months, if plants infected with the bulb rot disease show a yellow leaf phenomenon, the infected bulbs should be cleaned in time during weeding and destroyed in time;
step 10: and (4) seed ball harvesting: digging out the seedballs in sunny days after the overground part of the saffron is completely withered from the first ten days to the middle ten days of the month 5; when the seed balls are dug and taken, the integrity of the bulbs is ensured, the residual matrix on the surface is removed and is placed in a shade place for airing, and the bulbs and the roots are placed indoors for storage after the residual mother bulbs and the roots are fully dried and fall off.
2. The saffron substrate cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 8, if rainfall occurs within half a month during the cultivation period, watering is not needed; if no rainfall occurs for half a month, drip irrigation is adopted for supplementing water until the matrix is wet; if the rainfall lasts for a long time, whether the drainage ditch has accumulated water or not needs to be checked in time, and the accumulated water needs to be removed as soon as possible.
3. The saffron substrate cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein: and (5) soaking the bulbs with the potassium permanganate solution in the step 5.
4. The saffron substrate cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein: the Wooscarlatifolia charcoal and the perlite in the step 1 are purchased from Dahan landscape science and technology Limited company; the organic fertilizer is purchased from Shanghai New cereal green bio-organic fertilizer Limited, and the registration number of the organic fertilizer is Shanghai agricultural fertilizer number 0140; organic matter content is more than or equal to 45 percent, N-P2O5-K2O≥5 %。
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