JP6169447B2 - How to grow saffron - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a saffron cultivation method, and more particularly to a saffron cultivation method by hydroponics.

  Iranian saffron (Crocus sativus), which has been blossomed and dried from stamens (pillars and stigmas), has traditionally been used as herbal medicines and food ingredients (spices, etc.).

  Such saffron cultivation is generally done in open-air cultivation (cultivation method from flowering to formation of cotyledons with the bulbs planted in the soil), but the influence of the weather There is a risk of continuous cropping failure.

  In Japan (especially Takeda City, Oita Prefecture), a method of planting a corm in the soil after flowering indoors and then digging out the corm that has grown in the soil after the leaves withered (hereinafter referred to as the “Takeda method”) Is adopted. This Takeda method has an advantage that it can be easily and efficiently harvested since it is flowered indoors without being affected by the weather (see Non-Patent Document 1, for example).

  However, in the Takeda method, planting of corms is performed from the middle of November to the end of November, and the excavation of the corms is performed in late April of the following year, so that the flower is harvested once a year.

  Therefore, recently, a method for year-round cultivation has been sought, and in connection with this, for example, a method of supplying bulbs that can germinate at any time of the year by controlling the dormant state of the bulbs is proposed. (See Patent Document 1).

Homepage of the Oita Agricultural Cooperative Takeda Division (http://www.ja-oitamidori.jp/sahuran/)

JP-A-3-27214

  However, such conventional cultivation methods have the following problems, and improvements have been desired.

  That is, cultivation by the Takeda method causes the flowering to be performed indoors, so that the corm cannot receive sufficient nutrition from the soil during the flowering period, and there is a problem in that the growth rate of the cotyledon decreases.

  Moreover, although the germination time can be adjusted by the method of Patent Document 1, the formation of the globules, in particular, the enlargement of the globules cannot be performed. In other words, when saffron is formed with buds due to enlargement of the base of the buds, in order to efficiently cultivate all year round, it is necessary to obtain buds that are sufficiently enlarged (heavy) in a short period of time. However, Patent Document 1 does not disclose a method for enlarging the cotyledon.

  This invention is made | formed in view of such a problem, The place made into the objective is to provide the cultivation method of the saffron which can form a heavier ball with a heavy weight in a short time. .

  By the way, the inventor of the present application has already invented the following method as a method of forming a child ball in a short period of time.

  That is, as shown in FIG. 1 steps S1 to S4, the cultivation of saffron is performed through each step of breaking dormancy, induction of flowering, formation of cotyledons, and hypertrophy of cotyledons. Hydroponic cultivation in a room where room temperature control is possible, maintaining the room temperature at 16 ° C to 20 ° C during the flowering induction step, and at the time of forming a cotyledon that forms a cotyledon on the bulb after flowering and harvesting By maintaining the room temperature at 4 ° C. to 8 ° C., which is lower than that at the flowering induction step, the cotyledons were successfully formed in a short period of time.

  However, although this method can form a sphere in a short period of time, there is room for improvement in the enlargement of the sphere (formation of a heavy sphere). Therefore, the inventors of the present application have conducted further research and have invented the following method.

  That is, the saffron cultivation method according to the present invention is a saffron cultivation method by indoor hydroponics capable of temperature control at room temperature, and the saffron grown from corms with the room temperature maintained at a predetermined first temperature. A flowering induction step for causing the flower bulb to bloom, and a cotyle formation step for forming a cotyledon on the bulb while maintaining the room temperature at the first temperature after the flowering induction step.

  This method is characterized in that the room temperature in the cotyledon formation step following the flowering induction step is maintained at the same temperature as that in the flowering induction step. According to the experiments conducted by the inventors of the present application, when the room temperature is lowered by maintaining the room temperature during the cotyledon formation step at the room temperature during the flowering induction step (for example, about 17 ° C. ± 1 ° C.) For example, it has been found that the weight of the globules obtained in the subsequent bullion enlargement step becomes heavier than that in the case of 4 to 8 ° C. Also, according to this method, the bulbing ratio of the corms (the maximum diameter ratio of the base to the diameter of the stem near the base of the corm) exceeds about 1.5 in about 50 days from the start of the ball-forming step, and the It has also been found that sphere formation takes place. In this method, since the flowering induction step is performed under hydroponics, the corm absorbs nutrients even in the flowering induction step, so there is no fear that the corm will thin (squeeze) with the flowering induction step.

  And as a suitable embodiment, the present invention is characterized in that, after the above-mentioned ball formation step, a ball-ball enlargement step is performed in which the room temperature is maintained at a daily average temperature of 16 ° C. to enlarge the ball.

  In this experiment conducted by the inventor of the present application, the room temperature at the time of the cotyledon hypertrophy step is set to 18 ° C. for the light period temperature and 15.1 ° C. for the dark period temperature, so that the daily average temperature is 16 ° C. It was possible to obtain heavier (for example, 20 grams or more) globules after the completion of the bloating hypertrophy step.

  In addition, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the flowering induction step is characterized in that the colosphere enlarged in the colosphere enlargement step is used as the bulb.

  According to this method, the flowering induction step is performed using the heavy weight of the cotyledon obtained in the cotyledon hypertrophy step. Can be done effectively. In addition, since the formation of cotyledons is performed in a short time, it is possible to increase the yield by year-round cultivation.

  And this invention is characterized by the said 1st temperature being 17 degreeC as the suitable embodiment.

  According to the present invention, in growing saffron, a heavy weight can be formed in a short time. In addition, because of hydroponics indoors, saffron flowers can be harvested at any time of the year, and saffron pistil can be supplied throughout the year.

It is a flowchart which shows the schematic procedure of the cultivation method of the saffron which concerns on this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows an example of the room temperature control in the cultivation method of the same saffron. It is explanatory drawing which shows the experimental method about the cultivation method of the saffron, FIG. 3 (a) has shown the arrangement | positioning of the test plot in a growth chamber, FIG.3 (b) has each shown the arrangement | positioning of the sample in each test plot.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
The method for cultivating saffron according to the present invention is a method for cultivating saffron by hydroponics performed in a room where room temperature control is possible, and as shown in FIG. 1, dormancy breaking step S1, flowering induction step S2, Cultivation is performed according to the procedure of the colosphere formation step S3 and colosphere enlargement step S4.

  Here, as is well known, hydroponics is hydroponics that is performed without using a solid medium. In this embodiment, “Otsuka A prescription 1/2 times” from Otsuka Chemical Co., Ltd. is used as the nutrient solution used for this hydroponics, but it is of course possible to select a nutrient solution other than the Otsuka A formulation.

  Moreover, the room | chamber interior which can be temperature-controlled at room temperature means the room | chamber interior which can control the cultivation environment of saffron. Specifically, a room in which various conditions such as indoor humidity, carbon dioxide concentration, light-dark cycle, and photon flux density can be controlled in addition to the indoor temperature is preferably used. In an experimental example to be described later, an artificial meteor (growth chamber) LPH-240 / 410SPC manufactured by Nippon Medical Instruments Co., Ltd. was used as this room. A large room can be used as long as the room can manage (control) temperature and the like.

  The dormancy breaking step S1 is a step of changing a saffron corm in a dormant state to a wakeful state capable of germination. In this embodiment, this dormancy breaking step S1 is performed by maintaining the room temperature in the room where the saffron is grown at 25 ° C. (see the period indicated by T1 in FIG. 2).

  And if a corm changes to an awakening state, it will transfer to flowering induction | guidance | derivation step S2 next. In the flowering induction step S2, the room temperature is maintained at a predetermined first temperature suitable for flowering induction of saffron (for example, 17 ° C.) to induce flowering of saffron grown from the corms (period indicated by T2 in FIG. 2). See). Here, although control of room temperature will depend on temperature control performances, such as an artificial meteorological device which grows saffron, in this embodiment, the first temperature is about ± 1 ° C., that is, the room temperature is 17 ° C. ± 1 ° C. Is controlled. And if a saffron blooms by the flowering induction | guidance | derivation induction | guidance | derivation step S2, the harvest of a saffron flower (pistil) will be performed next.

  When the harvesting of saffron flowers is completed, the process proceeds to a cotyledon formation step S3. The child ball formation step S3 is performed in a state where the room temperature is maintained at the first temperature. In other words, the colosphere formation step S3 promotes the formation of colosphere by controlling the room temperature to the same temperature as the room temperature in the flowering induction step S2, that is, the room temperature is 17 ° C. ± 1 ° C. (see the period indicated by T3 in FIG. 2). ).

  Here, in the experiment conducted by the inventor of the present application, the child ball formation step S3 has been set to a temperature lower than the room temperature of the flowering induction step S2 (for example, about 4 ° C. to 8 ° C.). In the experiment conducted in the above, it was found that by setting the room temperature in the ball formation step S3 to the same temperature as the room temperature in the flowering induction step S2, the weight of the ball collected in the ball enlargement step S4 increases. Details will be described later).

  And if a child ball is formed in a bulbous stem (mother ball) by child ball formation step S3, it will move to a child ball enlargement step S4 next. In the colosphere hypertrophy step S4, the room temperature is maintained at a predetermined temperature suitable for colosphere enlargement, specifically, the daily average temperature is maintained at 16 ° C., thereby encouraging the colosphere hypertrophy (indicated by T4 in FIG. 2). See period). In the present embodiment, the room temperature of the cotyledon hypertrophy step S4 is set such that the light period temperature (light period temperature) is 18 ° C. ± 1 ° C. and the dark period temperature (dark period temperature) is 15.1 ° C. ± 1 ° C. It is controlled so that the daily average temperature becomes 16 ° C. ± 1 ° C. The cotyledon is harvested when the saffron leaves have withered.

  Here, the transition from the colosphere formation step S3 to the colosphere enlargement step S4 is appropriately performed at the time when the colosphere is formed on the corm (mother sphere), but in the experimental example described later, the colosphere formation is completed. In order to confirm this, when the bulbing ratio (maximum diameter ratio of the base to the diameter of the stem near the base of the corm) exceeds 1.5, the cobulb formation step S3 to the cobula enlargement step It was decided to move to S4. It should be noted that the decision as to whether or not the sphere was formed can be confirmed by the observer's visual observation because the bulbing ratio of the corm has shifted to 1.5 in the stage where the bulbing ratio exceeds 1.5. it can.

  In addition, since saffron divides the same number of child spheres as the number of buds, in the sphere formation step S3, buds exceeding a predetermined number are cut. Here, the predetermined number is set as appropriate, but in the experimental examples described later, the buds were cut so that the number of buds after buds was 1 or 2.

  The harvested child bulb is used as a corm in a newly performed flowering induction step S2. That is, the next flowering induction step S2 is performed using the harvested cotyledon to harvest the saffron flowers, and a new cotyledon is harvested through the cotyledon forming step S3 and the cotyledon hypertrophy step S4. As a result, saffron can be cultivated throughout the year in a hydroponics environment, and saffron flowers can be stably harvested.

Next, an experimental example of the saffron cultivation method according to the present invention will be described.
In the experiment shown below, two artificial meteor devices LPH-240 / 410SPC manufactured by Nippon Medical Instruments Co., Ltd. are used, and as shown in FIG. Then, a total of 8 test sections (test section a to test section h) are prepared, and each test section a to h has eight corms 1 to 8 as shown in FIG. I went there. In addition, the nutrient solution used in each test zone a to h was set to 1/2 times the “Otsuka A prescription” of Otsuka Chemical Co., Ltd., and the nutrient solution was changed once a week.

  Table 1 shows the average value of the mass, maximum diameter, and minimum diameter for each test section of the corm (mother bulb) used for cultivation. Since the weight of the corm affects the flowering rate, as shown in Table 1, cultivation was started such that the weight of the corm in each test group was the same condition.

A: Flowering induction step In the flowering induction step S2, the environment shown in Table 2 was set in the inside of the artificial weather device (hereinafter referred to as "indoor"). That is, the indoor humidity is 85%, the room temperature is 17 ° C., the carbon dioxide concentration is 400 ppm, the light / dark cycle is 8 hours for the light period, 16 hours for the dark period, and the photon flux density is 223 to 281 μmols ⁻¹ m ^−2. The environment setting of the artificial meteor was performed.

  In the flowering induction step S2, the number of flowers, stigma weight, dry weight of stigma, shoot length, and crocin content were measured as measurement items when saffron flowered. Here, the shoot length means the length from the base of the bud or leaf sprouting from the bulb to the tip of the leaf. In this experiment, the maximum shoot length of the bulb was taken as the shoot length of the bulb.

B: Cobulus formation step The colosphere formation step S3 was shifted to the colosphere formation step S3 when the flowering of the corms of all test sections a to h was completed. In the transition to the bulb formation step S3, the stems of the test sections a, c, e, and g are notched so that the number of buds is one, and the bulbs of the test sections b, d, f, and h are buds. The buds were cut out so that the number of buds was two. Further, in the ball formation step S3, the interior of the artificial meteor including the test sections a to d is maintained in the state of Table 2 (the state of “no low temperature treatment”), that is, the state of the flowering induction step S2, The interior of the artificial weather device including the test zones e to h was set to the state shown in Table 3, that is, the state where the room temperature was lowered than the flowering induction step S2 (the state “with low temperature treatment”).

  Here, the indoor environment was changed between the artificial meteor including the test sections a to d and the artificial meteor including the test sections e to h in comparison with the experiment conducted by the inventor of the present application in FY2011. To do. That is, the inventor of the present application is conducting an experiment of a cultivation method (cultivation method of “with low temperature treatment”) in which the room temperature of the bulb formation step S3 is lower than the flowering induction step S2 in 2011 The cultivation method by this experiment is referred to as “2011 fiscal year method.”) The 2011 fiscal year method succeeded in shortening the formation period of the child balls. In the 2011 method, the number of buds after bud cut was 2 or 3, but in this 2011 method, the number of cotyledons harvested after the cotyledon hypertrophy step S4 did not exceed 20 g ( (See Table 9).

C: Colossal bulb enlargement step The transition to the colosphere hypertrophy step S4 was performed when the bulbing ratio of all the bulbs (colospheres) formed in the colosphere formation step S3 exceeded 1.5. Moreover, before changing the indoor environment setting with the transition to the cotyledon hypertrophy step S4, the test section c and the test section g and the test section d and the test section h were replaced. And in order to examine the influence which room temperature has on the enlargement of the cotyledon, the environmental setting of the artificial meteor was set as shown in Table 4.

That is, by replacing the test section, the artificial meteorological apparatus (the left growth chamber) including the test sections a, b, g, and h has an indoor humidity of 70%, a room temperature of 18 ° C., a light period of 18 ° C., and a dark period of 15. 1 ° C. (daily average temperature is 16.3 ° C.), carbon dioxide concentration is 400 ppm, light-dark cycle is 10 hours for light period, 14 hours for dark period, and photon flux density is 223 to 281 μmols ⁻¹ m ⁻² Set (hereinafter, this setting is referred to as “high temperature condition”), and an artificial meteor that includes test sections c, d, e, and f (right growth chamber). 15 ° C., dark period is 7 ° C. (daily average temperature is 10.3 ° C.), carbon dioxide concentration is 400 ppm, light-dark cycle is 10 hours light period, 14 hours dark period, and photon flux density is 223-281 μmols ⁻¹ m ^-2 (this setting is referred to as “low temperature ")".

  And in this coleoptile enlargement step S4, the chute length and the maximum diameter of the colosphere were measured as measurement items.

D: Experimental results Tables 5 to 9 show the experimental results.
Table 5 shows the transition of the cultivation conditions, the cultivation period, the comparative examination items, and the number of days from the fixed planting (flowering induction step S2) to the cotyledon harvesting in each test section. According to Table 5, when the low temperature treatment is not performed in the ball formation step S3 and the ball enlargement step S4 is set to a high temperature condition, the number of days until harvesting the ball is the shortest (191 days). It is understood. It is also understood that even when a low temperature treatment is performed in the child ball formation step S3, the number of days until the child ball is harvested is shortened by setting the child ball enlargement step S4 to a high temperature condition.

  Table 6 shows the yield of saffron stigmas (pistil) harvested in each test plot (number of flowers collected in each test plot, dry weight of stigma). Table 7 shows the absorbance at a wavelength of 438 nm performed according to the method prescribed in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia for the harvested saffron stigma, and Table 8 shows the content of crocin for each test section (wavelength 438 nm absorbance of the sample sample solution). The value obtained by subtracting the value of the absorbance at a wavelength of 438 nm of the standard solution) from the value of. The error bar in Table 8 indicates the standard deviation in each test section.

  Here, since the crocin content in the saffron stigma forms an active ingredient when the saffron stigma is used as a crude drug material, a higher crocin content has a higher commercial value as a crude drug material. As a result of this experiment, in terms of the crocin content, as shown in Table 7, it was found that the crocin content of the saffron stigma in the test sections a to d where the low temperature treatment was not performed in the sphere formation step S3 was high.

  Table 9 shows the average value for each test plot of the weight per litter that was harvested when the leaves of all bulbs withered. In addition, the error bar in Table 8 and Table 9 has shown the standard deviation in each test section.

  From Table 9, it is found that each test section a to h has a heavier sphere than the 2011 method (generally, the flowering rate is guaranteed to be 100% or more 20 grams or more). did.

  From the above, the cultivation method of at least the test zones a and b has a short period of 191 days until harvesting the cobicles, and does not perform the low-temperature treatment in the cochlear formation step S3 and enlarges the cobules. Since step S4 is a high temperature condition, the air-conditioning cost (cooling cost for lowering the room temperature) in the child ball formation step S3 and the child ball enlargement step S4 is significantly lower than in other test sections. Moreover, since the weight of the harvested cotyledon is equal to or greater than the weight that guarantees 100% flowering, the next cultivation (flowering induction) can be performed using the harvested cotyle as a mother ball. Therefore, the cultivation method of the saffron excellent in cost effectiveness can be provided by using the cultivation method of these test sections a and b.

  Note that the above-described embodiments merely show preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to these, and various design changes can be made within the scope thereof.

  For example, in the above-described embodiment, the case where the saffron cultivation experiment was performed with the artificial weather device LPH-240 / 410SPC of Nippon Medical Instruments Co., Ltd. was described. The present invention is applicable to any room that can be managed (controlled).

  Further, in the above-described experiment, the room temperature of the cotyledon hypertrophy step S4 is 18 ° C. for the light period, 15.1 ° C. for the dark period, and 16 ° C. for the daily average temperature. As long as the daily average temperature is set to 16 ° C., the value can be appropriately changed. Therefore, for example, the light period temperature may be set to 18 ° C. and the dark period temperature may be set to 14 ° C.

S1, T1 Dormancy Breaking Step S2, T2 Flowering Induction Step S3, T3 Cobulus Formation Step S4, T4 Cobulus Hypertrophy Step

Claims (4)

It is a cultivation method of saffron by indoor hydroponics that can be controlled at room temperature,
A flowering induction step of flowering saffron grown from the corm while maintaining the room temperature at a predetermined first temperature;
After the flowering induction step, a cotyle formation step for forming a colosphere on the corm while maintaining room temperature at the first temperature;
A method for cultivating saffron, comprising: The method for cultivating saffron according to claim 1, further comprising a step of enlarging the spheres by maintaining the room temperature at a daily average temperature of 16 ° C. and enlarging the spheres after the step of forming the spheres.   3. The method for cultivating saffron according to claim 2, wherein the flowering induction step uses, as the corm, the bud bulb enlarged in the bloat enlargement step.   The said 1st temperature is 17 degreeC, The cultivation method of the saffron in any one of Claim 1 to 3 characterized by the above-mentioned.

Images