JP7367135B2 - Method for producing cruciferous vegetables with high SGS content, method for producing food and drink, and food and drink - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a method for producing SGS-rich cruciferous vegetables, and a method for producing foods and drinks.

In recent years, vegetables with health value are in demand in the market. What is disclosed in Patent Document 1 is a sprout of a cruciferous (Brassicaceae) plant, and an example thereof is a broccoli sprout. This sprout contains a large amount of sulforaphane glucosinolate (hereinafter referred to as "SGS"). When SGS is metabolized, it becomes sulforaphane. What is disclosed in Patent Documents 2 to 5 are the effects of sulforaphane, specifically antioxidative effects, detoxifying effects, fat accumulation inhibiting effects, antibacterial effects, and the like.

One such candidate for valuable vegetables is cruciferous vegetables. This is because many cruciferous vegetables contain glucosinolates. As mentioned above, metabolites of glucosinolates exert a variety of health effects.

Few methods have been disclosed to increase the content of glucosinolates in cruciferous vegetables. What is disclosed in Cited Document 6 is a method for cultivating sprouts, in which a light emitting diode is employed. What is disclosed in Cited Document 7 is a method for producing vegetables, which employs hydroponic cultivation under artificial lighting.

International publication WO97/09889 JP 2006-109754 International publication WO01/045661 JP2010-126489 International publication WO2002/015722 JP2007-075073 JP2015-192682

The problem to be solved by the present invention is high stabilization of the SGS concentration in SGS-rich cruciferous vegetables. That is, what is required of cruciferous vegetables with high SGS content is that the SGS concentration is high and stable (with small variations). If the SGS concentration is low or high but variable, the health value of cruciferous vegetables with high SGS content cannot be promoted.

Based on the above, the inventors of the present invention have conducted extensive studies and discovered the influence of the temperature at the cultivation site of SGS-rich cruciferous vegetables on the SGS concentration. That is, if the temperature at the cultivation site does not exceed a predetermined temperature, the SGS concentration is stabilized at a high level. In particular, the temperature in the second half of the cultivation period is important. From this point of view, the present invention is defined as follows.

The method for producing cruciferous vegetables with high SGS content according to the present invention includes at least cultivation. In cultivation, SGS-rich cruciferous vegetables are cultivated. The average temperature in the cultivation area does not exceed 30°C.

The method for producing food and drink products according to the present invention includes at least processing. In processing, SGS-rich cruciferous vegetables are processed. The average temperature of cruciferous vegetables with high SGS content to be processed does not exceed 30°C.

The food and drink products according to the present invention contain cruciferous vegetables with high SGS content. Here, the average temperature at the cultivation site of the SGS-rich cruciferous vegetable does not exceed 30°C.

What the present invention allows is a high level of stabilization of the SGS concentration in SGS-rich cruciferous vegetables.

Schematic diagram of leaves of cruciferous vegetables with high SGS content Photo of leaves of cruciferous vegetables with high SGS content Flowchart of the production method according to this embodiment Flowchart of the manufacturing method according to this embodiment

<Sulforaphane glucosinolate (SGS)>
Sulforaphane glucosinolate (SGS) is a type of glucosinolate that is a derivative of glucose and amino acids, and is also called glucoraphanin.

<Cruciferous vegetables with high SGS content>
Cruciferous vegetables with high SGS content are vegetables that belong to the Brassicaceae family and have a high SGS concentration. Examples of cruciferous vegetables include vegetables of the genus Brassica (cabin cabbage, turnip, bok choy, komatsuna, takana, mizuna, cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, kohlrabi, kale, etc.), vegetables of the genus radish (radish, etc.), and mustard genus vegetables (such as watercress), vegetables of the genus Cybana (such as arugula), vegetables of the genus White mustard (such as white mustard), vegetables of the genus horseradish (such as horseradish), and vegetables of the genus Wasabi (such as horseradish). The cruciferous vegetables may be hybrids of vegetables that belong to the cruciferous family. For example, intergeneric hybrids between genera belonging to the Brassicaceae family (Brassica vegetables x Radish vegetables, Brassica vegetables x Bottle genus vegetables, Brassica vegetables x Cybanus vegetables, etc.), Brassica spp. It is an interspecific hybrid between species belonging to the family (B. oleracea x B. rapa, etc.). The SGS concentration of many cruciferous vegetables distributed in the general market is less than 100 mg/100 g. The SGS concentration of cruciferous vegetables with high SGS content is 100 mg/100 g or more. Preferably, the SGS-rich cruciferous vegetable is an intergeneric hybrid between a vegetable of the genus Brassica and a vegetable of the genus radish, more preferably an intergeneric hybrid of kale and radish, and most preferably a variety registered by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. Application number 33291 (name of applied variety: Sante Vert 48).

<SGS concentration of cruciferous vegetables with high SGS content>
The SGS concentration of cruciferous vegetables with high SGS content refers to the concentration of SGS contained in cruciferous vegetables with high SGS content. Here, the SGS concentration in SGS-rich cruciferous vegetables refers to the content (mg) per fresh weight (100 g), unless otherwise specified. FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a leaf of a cruciferous vegetable with high SGS content. FIG. 2 shows a photograph of a leaf of a cruciferous vegetable with high SGS content. Unless otherwise specified, the site where the SGS concentration is measured is the tip P of the leaf of the SGS-rich cruciferous vegetable, and the length (leaf length) L of this leaf is 10 to 15 cm. The tip refers to the area from the tip l1 of the leaf to approximately one-fourth of the leaf length L.

<Production method according to the present invention>
What FIG. 3 shows is the flow of the production method (hereinafter referred to as "this production method") according to the present invention. This production method mainly includes planting (S10), cultivation (S20), and harvesting (S30).

<Planting (S10)>
Plant seedlings of SGS-rich cruciferous vegetables. The means for obtaining seedlings of cruciferous vegetables with high SGS content is not particularly limited, and may be obtained from those distributed in the form of seedlings or from those distributed in the form of seeds. , may be obtained by vegetative propagation such as tissue culture or cuttings. When seedlings are obtained by germinating seeds, sowing may be performed before planting, if necessary. Furthermore, seeds may be directly sown in the area where SGS-rich cruciferous vegetables are grown, thinned out, and the remaining seeds may be used as seedlings. In the case of direct sowing, the "planting date" is defined as the time when the true leaves of the SGS-rich cruciferous vegetables have grown to approximately 5 cm. The planting date is not particularly limited as long as it is possible to cultivate SGS-rich cruciferous vegetables during the period from planting to harvest, but it is preferably from May to October, and more preferably from July to October. It is October.

<Cultivation (S20)>
In areas where SGS-rich cruciferous vegetables are grown, the average temperature does not exceed 30°C. Facilities for cultivating SGS-rich cruciferous vegetables are not particularly limited as long as they are capable of cultivating vegetables, and examples include fields, plastic greenhouses, and plant factories. The means of cultivation is not particularly limited, and may be open field cultivation or facility cultivation, soil cultivation, or hydroponic cultivation. What this process does not exclude is the performance of operations commonly performed in the cultivation of plants. Examples include fertilization, pesticide spraying, pest control, leaf scraping, and bud scraping.

<Early cultivation period and late cultivation period>
In this production method, the cultivation period is divided into two. Specifically, these are the early cultivation period and the late cultivation period. The first half of cultivation is the first half when the number of days from the start date of cultivation (which is synonymous with the planting date) to the end date of cultivation (which is synonymous with the harvesting date) is divided into two. refers to The latter half of cultivation refers to the second half when the number of days from the start date of cultivation to the end date of cultivation is divided into two. The start date of cultivation is the first day, and the end date of cultivation is the last day. When the number of days N from the start date of cultivation to the end date of cultivation is an even number, the number of days in the early cultivation period is set to N/2, and the number of days in the latter half of cultivation is set to N/2. If the number of days N from the start date of cultivation to the end date of cultivation is an odd number, the number of days in the early cultivation period is (N-1)/2, and the number of days in the latter half of cultivation is (N-1)/2+1.

Preferably, in the latter stage of cultivation, the number of days in which the average temperature exceeds 25°C is less than 25%, more preferably less than 15%. In the latter stage of cultivation, if the number of days where the average temperature exceeds 25°C is 40% or more, it is not preferable because the SGS concentration will decrease. Specific means for reducing the number of days in which the average temperature exceeds 25°C to less than 25% are not particularly limited, but examples include cultivation in cold climates, cultivation in cold regions, or cultivation in high climates, etc. cultivation, adjusting the planting time and cultivation period, or cultivation in facilities where temperature can be controlled. Here, a cold region refers to an area where the annual average temperature is 3℃ to 9℃, a cold region refers to an area where the annual average temperature is 9℃ to 12℃, and a high region refers to an area with an altitude of 500 m. Refers to the above areas.

The cultivation period is not particularly limited as it varies depending on the type of SGS-rich cruciferous vegetable, but is preferably 20 days or more, more preferably 40 days or more, and even more preferably 60 days or more. If the cultivation period exceeds 150 days, the stems of cruciferous vegetables containing high SGS will become woody and hard, which is not preferable.

<Average temperature>
Average temperature refers to the average temperature per day. In other words, "the average temperature does not exceed 30°C" means that the average daily temperature does not exceed 30°C. That is, even if there is a time period in a day when the temperature exceeds 30°C, if the average temperature per day does not exceed 30°C, the average temperature will not exceed 30°C. The specific means for measuring the temperature may be any known method and is not particularly limited.

<Harvest (S30)>
During harvesting, cruciferous vegetables with high SGS content are harvested. The means for harvesting cruciferous vegetables with high SGS content may be any known method and is not particularly limited. The SGS concentration of the harvested SGS-rich cruciferous vegetables is not particularly limited as it varies depending on the type of SGS-rich cruciferous vegetables, but is preferably 2.0 times or more based on the cultivation start date. Preferably it is 200 mg/100g or more, more preferably 300 mg/100g or more, and still more preferably 400 mg/100g or more.

<Manufacturing method according to the present invention>
FIG. 4 shows the flow of the manufacturing method according to the present invention (hereinafter referred to as "this manufacturing method"). This manufacturing method mainly consists of processing (S10).

<Processing (S10)>
In processing, SGS-rich cruciferous vegetables are processed. Cruciferous vegetables with high SGS content are those grown in locations where the average temperature does not exceed 30°C. Preferably, it is cultivated in a cold region, a cold region, or a high temperature region. Processing means are not particularly limited as long as they are known, and examples include heating, shredding, crushing, crushing, squeezing, solid-liquid separation, drying, extraction, blending, and mixing. Foods and beverages are obtained by processing cruciferous vegetables with high SGS content. Examples of food and drink include beverages, foods, and supplements.

<Cultivation test in an artificial climate room>
Cultured seedlings of an intergeneric hybrid (variety registration application number 33291, applied variety name: Santevert 48) with kale as the pollen parent and radish as the stigma parent were grown in an artificial climate chamber (manufactured by Nippon Medical Instruments Manufacturing Co., Ltd.). Cultivated. Cultivation was carried out using hydroponics, and the basic composition of the culture solution was Formula A of the OAT House Fertilizer Series (manufactured by OAT Agrio Co., Ltd.). The photoperiod was 15 hours light and 9 hours dark. In the low-temperature area, cultivation was carried out for 6 weeks at a light period of 25°C and a dark period of 15°C (average temperature of about 21°C). In the high-temperature area, cultivation was carried out for 2 weeks at a light period of 25°C and a dark period of 15°C, and then for 4 weeks at a light period of 35°C and a dark period of 25°C (average temperature 31°C).

<Measurement of SGS concentration>
SGS concentrations were measured in the low-temperature and high-temperature zones. Measurements were repeated for 4 strains, and the average value was calculated. The measurement sample was prepared by inactivating the enzyme (myrosinase) with hot water, crushing it until it became a paste, extracting it in a water bath set at 100°C for 30 minutes, and then extracting it at 10,000 x g for 10 minutes. Centrifugation was performed at 4°C. The supernatant after centrifugation was filtered with a 0.2 μm filter and quantified by HPLC. The detailed measurement conditions of HPLC are as follows.

<HPLC measurement conditions>
Equipment: ACQUITY UPLC H-Class system (manufactured by Waters)
Column: ACQUITYCSH C18 (Φ2.1×100mm, 1.7μm) (manufactured by Waters)
Column temperature: 30℃
Sample injection volume: 10μL
Mobile phase A: ultrapure water: trifluoroacetic acid = 99.95:0.05 (v:v)
Mobile phase B: methanol:trifluoroacetic acid = 99.95:0.05 (v:v)
Gradient: 5 minutes, maintain mobile phase B ratio 0%
Linear gradient of mobile phase B percentage from 0 to 10% in 10 minutes
Linear gradient of mobile phase B percentage from 10 to 100% in 5 minutes
Maintain mobile phase B ratio 100% for 5 minutes
Linear gradient of mobile phase B percentage from 100 to 0% in 2 minutes
5 minutes Maintain mobile phase B ratio 0% Flow rate: 0.1 mL/min
Detection wavelength: 235nm

Table 1 shows the SGS concentrations in the low-temperature and high-temperature zones. What can be seen from Table 1 is that the SGS concentration is higher in the lower temperature area. That is, by cultivating in an environment where the average temperature does not exceed 30°C, the SGS concentration increases.

<Cultivation test in the field>
<Planting>
Cultured seedlings of an intergeneric hybrid (variety registration application number 33291, applied variety name: Santevert 48) with kale as the pollen parent and radish as the stigma parent were grown in a field owned by Kagome Co., Ltd. in Nasu-Shiobara City, Tochigi Prefecture. It was planted. Category 1 was planted on May 30, 2017 and cultivated until August 30, 2017. Category 2 was planted on May 30, 2017 and cultivated until September 19, 2017. Category 3 was planted on June 19, 2017 and cultivated until September 19, 2017. Category 4 was planted on July 28, 2017 and cultivated until September 19, 2017. Category 5 was planted on August 25, 2017 and cultivated until October 18, 2017. The number of days in the cultivation period, the number of days in the first half of cultivation, and the number of days in the second half of cultivation in each category are as shown in Table 2. The planting settings were a top surface of 70 cm, plant spacing of 80 cm, and furrow spacing of 120 cm. The test scale was 30 plants.

<Cultivation>
The planted seedlings were cultivated by soil cultivation. The fertilization design was such that the base fertilizer was 16 kg/10a of nitrogen, 18.8 kg/a of phosphoric acid, and 16 kg/a of potassium, and the additional fertilizer was 10 kg/a of nitrogen, 5.0 kg/a of phosphoric acid, and 5.0 kg/a of potassium.

<Measurement of SGS concentration>
In order to understand the SGS concentration on the start date of cultivation, the SGS concentration of cultured seedlings obtained using the same culture method was measured. The whole amount of leaves with a leaf length of 5 cm was used as the measurement sample. Measurements were made for two arbitrary stocks, and the average value was calculated.

In order to understand the SGS concentration on the final day of cultivation, the SGS concentration on the final day of cultivation in Category 1 to Category 5 was measured. The measurement sample was approximately 0.5 g of the tips of leaves with a leaf length of 15 cm, and measurements were made on a mixture of three arbitrary plants.

Measurements were performed in the same manner as described above.

<Measurement of temperature>
The temperature during the cultivation period was measured using a data logger (manufactured by T&D Co., Ltd., TR-72Ui). The data logger was installed inside the field at a height of 30 cm from the top of the ridge. The top and sides of the data logger were covered with aluminum foil to prevent direct sunlight from shining on them. The temperature was measured every hour, and the average value of the data from 12:00 a.m. to 12:00 p.m. was calculated to determine the average temperature per day.

Table 3 shows the number of days in which the average temperature exceeds 25°C in the early cultivation period and the latter half of cultivation, and the percentage thereof. In addition, in all the cultivation periods from Category 1 to Category 5, there was no day when the average temperature exceeded 30°C. What can be seen from Table 3 is as follows. In Category 1, the number of days in which the average temperature exceeds 25° C. in the latter half of cultivation is 40% or more, and the SGS concentration on the final day of cultivation is 2.0 times or less compared to the starting point of cultivation. Specifically, it is less than 200mg/100g. On the other hand, in Category 2 to Category 5, the number of days in which the average temperature exceeds 25°C in the latter half of cultivation is less than 25%, and the SGS concentration at the end of cultivation is 2.0 times or more compared to the starting point of cultivation. be. Specifically, it is 200 mg/100 g or more.

In other words, if cultivation is carried out without taking into account the number of days when the average temperature exceeds 25°C in the late cultivation stage, cruciferous vegetables with SGS concentrations in categories 1 to 5 will be produced, but if the average temperature exceeds 25°C in the latter stage of cultivation, cruciferous vegetables will be produced. By cultivating so that the number of days is less than 25%, cruciferous vegetables with an SGS concentration of Category 2 to 5 are produced. In other words, it is possible to produce cruciferous vegetables with high SGS concentration and stability.

Furthermore, the following can be seen from the comparison of Category 1 and Category 2. Since Category 1 and Category 2 have the same planting date, by adjusting the cultivation period, it is possible to adjust the number of days in which the average temperature exceeds 25° C. in the latter half of cultivation.

Furthermore, the following can be seen from the comparison of Category 1 and Category 3. Since Category 1 and Category 3 have the same cultivation period, it is not possible to increase and stabilize glucosinolates simply by making the cultivation period the same.

Furthermore, the following can be seen from the comparison of Category 1, Category 4, and Category 5. Category 4 and Category 5 have shorter cultivation periods than Category 1, but even when the cultivation period is short, glucosinolates can be reduced by keeping the number of days in which the average temperature exceeds 25°C in the latter half of cultivation to less than 25%. It is possible to make it high and stable.

The reason why temperature affects SGS concentration is, although it is speculative, that the SGS metabolic pathway changes due to high temperature. Specifically, the metabolic pathway that synthesizes SGS is inhibited, or the metabolic pathway that degrades SGS is promoted. In particular, the reason why the temperature in the later stages of cultivation is important is that exposure to high temperatures for a certain period of time before harvesting leads to a decrease in SGS concentration, although this is speculation. However, the effect is not limited to this.

An area where the invention is useful is vegetable production.

Claims (7)

A method for producing cruciferous vegetables with high SGS content, which comprises at least the following steps:
Cultivation: Cruciferous vegetables with high SGS content are cultivated here, and the cultivation location is such that the average temperature does not exceed 30℃, and
The cultivation place is a plant factory, and
What is adjusted here is the number of days when the average temperature exceeds 25°C in the latter stage of cultivation,
said number of days is less than 25%;
The SGS-rich cruciferous vegetable is an intergeneric hybrid of kale and radish,
The intergeneric hybrid is an intergeneric hybrid in which kale is used as a pollen parent and radish is used as a stigma parent . The production method according to claim 1,
The cultivation period is 20 days or more. The production method according to claim 1,
The cultivation period is 40 days or more. The production method according to claim 1,
The cultivation period is 60 days or more. The production method according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
The cultivation period is 150 days or less. The production method according to any one of claims 1 to 5 further comprises at least the following steps:
Harvesting: Cruciferous vegetables with high SGS content are harvested here.
The harvest time is a time when the SGS concentration of the SGS-rich cruciferous vegetable is 2.0 times or more based on the cultivation start date. A method for increasing the SGS concentration of cruciferous vegetables, comprising at least:
The following steps:
Cultivation: Cruciferous vegetables are grown here, and the cultivation location has an average temperature that does not exceed 30℃, and
What is adjusted here is the number of days when the average temperature exceeds 25°C in the latter stage of cultivation,
said number of days is less than 25%;
The cruciferous vegetable is an intergeneric hybrid of kale and radish,
The intergeneric hybrid is an intergeneric hybrid in which kale is used as a pollen parent and radish is used as a stigma parent .

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