JP2020162461A - Method for producing cruciferous vegetable highly containing sgs, method for manufacturing food and drink, and food and drink - Google Patents
Method for producing cruciferous vegetable highly containing sgs, method for manufacturing food and drink, and food and drink Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 title claims description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 4
- 241000219193 Brassicaceae Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000220259 Raphanus Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000006140 Raphanus sativus var sativus Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- GMMLNKINDDUDCF-JRWRFYLSSA-N [(2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] (1e)-5-[(r)-methylsulfinyl]-n-sulfooxypentanimidothioate Chemical compound C[S@@](=O)CCCC\C(=N/OS(O)(=O)=O)S[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O GMMLNKINDDUDCF-JRWRFYLSSA-N 0.000 description 85
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 10
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- 125000004383 glucosinolate group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
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- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 4
- 206010021033 Hypomenorrhoea Diseases 0.000 description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trifluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SUVMJBTUFCVSAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulforaphane Chemical compound CS(=O)CCCCN=C=S SUVMJBTUFCVSAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241000219198 Brassica Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000011299 Brassica oleracea var botrytis Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 240000003259 Brassica oleracea var. botrytis Species 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000005733 Raphanus sativus var niger Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 244000155437 Raphanus sativus var. niger Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 230000037353 metabolic pathway Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- SUVMJBTUFCVSAD-JTQLQIEISA-N 4-Methylsulfinylbutyl isothiocyanate Natural products C[S@](=O)CCCCN=C=S SUVMJBTUFCVSAD-JTQLQIEISA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000011331 Brassica Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000017647 Brassica oleracea var italica Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000195452 Wasabia japonica Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000000760 Wasabia japonica Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229960005559 sulforaphane Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000015487 sulforaphane Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 2
- 240000003291 Armoracia rusticana Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011330 Armoracia rusticana Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000003351 Brassica cretica Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011301 Brassica oleracea var capitata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000001169 Brassica oleracea var oleracea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 235000003343 Brassica rupestris Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
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- RUQCCAGSFPUGSZ-OBWQKADXSA-N Glucoraphanin Natural products C[S@](=O)CCCCC(=NS(=O)(=O)O)S[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O RUQCCAGSFPUGSZ-OBWQKADXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013361 beverage Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QKSKPIVNLNLAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide Chemical compound ClCCSCCCl QKSKPIVNLNLAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002791 glucosyl group Chemical group C1([C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O1)CO)* 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Abstract
Description
本発明が関係するのは、ＳＧＳ高含有アブラナ科野菜の生産方法、並びに、飲食品の製造方法及び飲食品である。 The present invention relates to a method for producing SGS-rich cruciferous vegetables, a method for producing food and drink, and food and drink.
近年、市場で求められているのは、健康価値をもった野菜である。特許文献１に開示されているのは、十字花科（アブラナ科）植物の新芽であり、例示すると、ブロッコリースプラウトである。この新芽に多く含まれているのは、スルフォラファングルコシノレート（以下、「ＳＧＳ」という。）である。ＳＧＳが代謝されると、スルフォラファンになる。特許文献２乃至５に開示されているのは、スルフォラファンの作用であり、具体的には、抗酸化作用、解毒作用、脂肪蓄積抑制作用、抗菌作用等である。 In recent years, what is required in the market is vegetables with healthy value. What is disclosed in Patent Document 1 is a sprout of a cruciferous (Brassicaceae) plant, for example, broccoli sprout. Sulforaphane glucosinolate (hereinafter referred to as "SGS") is abundantly contained in this sprout. When SGS is metabolized, it becomes sulforaphane. What is disclosed in Patent Documents 2 to 5 is the action of sulforaphane, specifically, an antioxidant action, a detoxification action, a fat accumulation inhibitory action, an antibacterial action and the like.
そのような価値ある野菜の候補の一つは、アブラナ科野菜である。なぜなら、多くのアブラナ科野菜に含まれているのは、グルコシノレートだからである。前述のとおり、グルコシノレートの代謝物が奏するのは、様々な健康作用である。 One such valuable vegetable candidate is the cruciferous vegetable. This is because many cruciferous vegetables contain glucosinolates. As mentioned above, glucosinolate metabolites play a variety of health effects.
アブラナ科野菜中のグルコシノレートの含有量を高める方法は、僅かに開示されている。引用文献６に開示されているのは、スプラウトの栽培方法であり、そこで採用されているのは、発光ダイオードである。引用文献７に開示されているのは、野菜の生産方法であり、そこで採用されているのは、人工照明下での水耕栽培である。 Methods for increasing the content of glucosinolates in cruciferous vegetables are slightly disclosed. What is disclosed in Cited Document 6 is a method for cultivating sprout, and a light emitting diode is adopted there. What is disclosed in Cited Document 7 is a vegetable production method, in which hydroponics under artificial lighting is adopted.
本発明が解決しようとする課題は、ＳＧＳ高含有アブラナ科野菜中のＳＧＳ濃度の高位安定化である。すなわち、ＳＧＳ高含有アブラナ科野菜に求められるのは、ＳＧＳ濃度は、高く、かつ、安定している（ばらつきが小さい）ことである。ＳＧＳ濃度が低く、或いは、高くても、ばらついていれば、ＳＧＳ高含有アブラナ科野菜の健康価値は、訴求できない。 The problem to be solved by the present invention is high stabilization of SGS concentration in cruciferous vegetables containing high SGS. That is, what is required of cruciferous vegetables containing high SGS is that the SGS concentration is high and stable (variation is small). If the SGS concentration is low, or even if it is high, it varies, the health value of cruciferous vegetables containing high SGS cannot be appealed.
以上を踏まえて、本願発明者が鋭意検討して見出したのは、ＳＧＳ高含有アブラナ科野菜の栽培場所の気温がＳＧＳ濃度に与える影響である。すなわち、栽培場所の気温が所定の温度を超えないと、ＳＧＳ濃度は高位安定化する。特に、栽培期間の後半の気温が重要である。この観点から、本発明を定義すると、以下のとおりである。 Based on the above, the inventor of the present application has diligently studied and found the effect of the temperature at the cultivation site of cruciferous vegetables containing high SGS on the SGS concentration. That is, if the air temperature at the cultivation site does not exceed a predetermined temperature, the SGS concentration is highly stabilized. In particular, the temperature in the latter half of the cultivation period is important. From this point of view, the present invention is defined as follows.
本発明に係るＳＧＳ高含有アブラナ科野菜の生産方法を構成するのは、少なくとも、栽培である。栽培において、ＳＧＳ高含有アブラナ科野菜は栽培される。その栽培場所は、平均気温が３０℃を超えない。 At least, cultivation constitutes the method for producing SGS-rich cruciferous vegetables according to the present invention. In cultivation, cruciferous vegetables with high SGS content are cultivated. The average temperature of the cultivation place does not exceed 30 ° C.
本発明に係る飲食品の製造方法を構成するのは、少なくとも、加工である。加工において、ＳＧＳ高含有アブラナ科野菜は、加工される。加工されるＳＧＳ高含有アブラナ科野菜の栽培場所は、平均気温が３０℃を超えない。 It is at least processing that constitutes the method for producing a food or drink according to the present invention. In processing, cruciferous vegetables with high SGS content are processed. The average temperature of the processed cruciferous vegetables with high SGS content does not exceed 30 ° C.
本発明に係る飲食品が有するのは、ＳＧＳ高含有アブラナ科野菜である。ここで、当該ＳＧＳ高含有アブラナ科野菜の栽培場所は、平均気温が３０℃を超えない。 The food and drink according to the present invention has SGS-rich cruciferous vegetables. Here, the average temperature of the SGS-rich cruciferous vegetable cultivation place does not exceed 30 ° C.
本発明が可能にするのは、ＳＧＳ高含有アブラナ科野菜のＳＧＳ濃度の高位安定化である。 What the present invention enables is high stabilization of the SGS concentration of cruciferous vegetables with high SGS content.
＜スルフォラファングルコシノレート（ＳＧＳ）＞
スルフォラファングルコシノレート（ＳＧＳ）とは、グルコースおよびアミノ酸の誘導体であるグルコシノレートの１種であり、グルコラファニンとも呼ばれる。
<Sulforaphane Glucosinolate (SGS)>
Sulforaphane glucosinolate (SGS) is a type of glucosinolate that is a derivative of glucose and amino acids, and is also called glucoraphanin.
＜ＳＧＳ高含有アブラナ科野菜＞
ＳＧＳ高含有アブラナ科野菜とは、アブラナ科（Ｂｒａｓｓｉｃａｃｅａｒ）に属する野菜であって、そのＳＧＳ濃度が高いものである。アブラナ科野菜を例示すると、アブラナ属の野菜（ハクサイ、カブ、チンゲンサイ、コマツナ、タカナ、ミズナ、キャベツ、ブロッコリー、カリフラワー、メキャベツ、コールラビ、ケール等）、ダイコン属の野菜（ダイコン等）、オランダガラシ属の野菜（クレソン等）、キバナスズシロ属の野菜（ルッコラ等）、シロガラシ属の野菜（シロガラシ等）、セイヨウワサビ属の野菜（ホースラディッシュ等）、ワサビ属の野菜（ワサビ等）である。アブラナ科野菜は、アブラナ科に属する野菜同士であれば、その交雑種であってもよい。例示すると、アブラナ科に属する属間の属間雑種（アブラナ属の野菜×ダイコン属の野菜、アブラナ属の野菜×オランダガラシ属の野菜、アブラナ属の野菜×キバナスズシロ属の野菜等）や、アブラナ科に属する種間の種間雑種（Ｂ．ｏｌｅｒａｃｅａ×Ｂ．ｒａｐａ等）である。一般的な市場で流通する多くのアブラナ科野菜のＳＧＳ濃度は、１００ｍｇ／１００ｇ未満である。ＳＧＳ高含有アブラナ科野菜のＳＧＳ濃度は、１００ｍｇ／１００ｇ以上である。好ましくは、ＳＧＳ高含有アブラナ科野菜は、アブラナ属の野菜とダイコン属の野菜の属間雑種であり、さらに好ましくは、ケールとダイコンの属間雑種であり、最も好ましくは、農林水産省品種登録出願番号第３３２９１号（出願品種の名称：サンテヴェール４８）である。
<Brassicaceae vegetables with high SGS content>
The cruciferous vegetables having a high SGS content are vegetables belonging to the Brassicaceae family, and have a high SGS concentration. Examples of cruciferous vegetables include cruciferous vegetables (Hakusai, cub, Chingensai, Komatsuna, Takana, Mizuna, cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, mechabetsu, korurabi, kale, etc.), Daikon vegetables (daikon, etc.), Dutch Garashi genus. Vegetables (cresson, etc.), vegetables of the genus Kibanasushiro (rucola, etc.), vegetables of the genus Shirogarashi (shirogarashi, etc.), vegetables of the genus Mustard (horse radish, etc.), vegetables of the genus Wasabi (wasabi, etc.). The cruciferous vegetables may be hybrids of vegetables belonging to the cruciferous family. For example, intergeneric hybrids belonging to the Brassicaceae family (Brassicaceae vegetables x Daikon vegetables, Brassica vegetables x Dutch Garashi vegetables, Brassicaceae vegetables x Kibanasuzushiro vegetables, etc.) and Abranha It is an interspecific hybrid (B. oleracea × B. rapa, etc.) between species belonging to the family. The SGS concentration of many cruciferous vegetables on the market is less than 100 mg / 100 g. The SGS concentration of cruciferous vegetables with high SGS content is 100 mg / 100 g or more. Preferably, the SGS-rich cruciferous vegetables are intergeneric hybrids of Brassica and Radishes vegetables, more preferably intergeneric hybrids of kale and radishes, and most preferably registered by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. Application number 33291 (name of application hybrid: Sainte veil 48).
＜ＳＧＳ高含有アブラナ科野菜のＳＧＳ濃度＞
ＳＧＳ高含有アブラナ科野菜のＳＧＳ濃度とは、ＳＧＳ高含有アブラナ科野菜に含まれるＳＧＳの濃度をいう。ここで、ＳＧＳ高含有アブラナ科野菜中のＳＧＳ濃度は、別段の記載がない限り、新鮮重量（１００ｇ）あたりの含有量（ｍｇ）を指す。図１で示すのは、ＳＧＳ高含有アブラナ科野菜の葉の概略である。図２で示すのは、ＳＧＳ高含有アブラナ科野菜の葉の写真である。ＳＧＳ濃度を測定する部位は、別段の記載がない限り、ＳＧＳ高含有アブラナ科野菜の葉の先端部Ｐであり、この葉の長さ（葉長）Ｌは、１０〜１５ｃｍである。先端部とは、葉の先端ｌ１から葉長Ｌのおおよそ４分の１までを指す。
<SGS concentration of cruciferous vegetables with high SGS content>
The SGS concentration of SGS-rich cruciferous vegetables refers to the concentration of SGS contained in SGS-rich cruciferous vegetables. Here, the SGS concentration in the cruciferous vegetables having a high SGS content refers to the content (mg) per fresh weight (100 g) unless otherwise specified. FIG. 1 shows an outline of the leaves of cruciferous vegetables containing high SGS. FIG. 2 is a photograph of leaves of Brassicaceae vegetables with high SGS content. Unless otherwise specified, the site for measuring the SGS concentration is the tip P of a leaf of a cruciferous vegetable containing a high amount of SGS, and the leaf length (leaf length) L is 10 to 15 cm. The tip refers to the tip l1 of the leaf to about a quarter of the leaf length L.
＜本発明に係る生産方法＞
図３が示すのは、本発明に係る生産方法（以下、「本生産方法」という。）の流れである。本生産方法を構成するのは、主に、定植（Ｓ１０）、栽培（Ｓ２０）、収穫（Ｓ３０）である。
<Production method according to the present invention>
FIG. 3 shows the flow of the production method according to the present invention (hereinafter, referred to as “the present production method”). This production method mainly consists of planting (S10), cultivation (S20), and harvesting (S30).
＜定植（Ｓ１０）＞
ＳＧＳ高含有アブラナ科野菜の苗を定植する。ＳＧＳ高含有アブラナ科野菜の苗を得る手段は特に限定されず、苗の状態で流通しているものであってもよく、種子の状態で流通しているものから得られるものであってもよく、組織培養や挿し芽等の栄養繁殖によって得られるものであってもよい。種子を発芽させて苗を得る場合においては、必要に応じ、定植の前に播種を行ってもよい。さらに、ＳＧＳ高含有アブラナ科野菜の栽培を行う場所に直接播種を行い、間引きして残ったものを苗としてもよい。直接播種を行う場合は、ＳＧＳ高含有アブラナ科野菜の本葉がおよそ５ｃｍまで成長した時点を「定植日」とする。定植日は、定植後収穫までの期間においてＳＧＳ高含有アブラナ科野菜の栽培が可能となる時期であれば特に限定されないが、好ましくは、５月〜１０月であり、より好ましくは、７月〜１０月である。
<Planting (S10)>
Seedlings of cruciferous vegetables with high SGS content are planted. The means for obtaining seedlings of cruciferous vegetables containing a high amount of SGS is not particularly limited, and they may be distributed in the state of seedlings or may be obtained from those distributed in the state of seeds. , It may be obtained by vegetative propagation such as tissue culture or cuttings. When seeds are germinated to obtain seedlings, sowing may be carried out before planting, if necessary. Further, the seedlings may be directly sown at a place where SGS-rich cruciferous vegetables are cultivated, and the remaining ones may be used as seedlings. In the case of direct sowing, the time when the true leaves of cruciferous vegetables with high SGS content grow to about 5 cm is defined as the "planting date". The planting date is not particularly limited as long as it is possible to cultivate SGS-rich cruciferous vegetables in the period from planting to harvest, but it is preferably from May to October, and more preferably from July to July. It's October.
＜栽培（Ｓ２０）＞
ＳＧＳ高含有アブラナ科野菜を栽培する場所は、平均気温が３０℃を超えない。ＳＧＳ高含有アブラナ科野菜の栽培する施設は、野菜の栽培が可能な施設であれば特に限定されず、例示すると、圃場、ビニールハウス、植物工場等である。栽培を行う手段は特に限定されず、露地栽培であっても施設栽培であってもよく、土耕栽培であっても水耕栽培であってもよい。本工程が排除しないのは、植物の栽培において一般的に行われる作業の実施である。例示すると、施肥、農薬散布、病虫害の防除、葉かき、芽かき等である。
<Cultivation (S20)>
The average temperature of the place where SGS high content cruciferous vegetables are cultivated does not exceed 30 ° C. The facility for cultivating cruciferous vegetables containing a high amount of SGS is not particularly limited as long as it is a facility capable of cultivating vegetables, and examples thereof include fields, greenhouses, and plant factories. The means for cultivating is not particularly limited, and it may be open-field cultivation, facility cultivation, soil cultivation, or hydroponics. What this step does not exclude is the implementation of work commonly performed in plant cultivation. Examples include fertilization, pesticide spraying, pest control, leaf scraping, sprout scraping, etc.
＜栽培前期と栽培後期＞
本生産方法において、栽培期間は、２つに分けられる。具体的には、栽培前期及び栽培後期である。栽培前期とは、栽培の開始日（つまり、定植日と同義である。）から栽培の終了日（つまり、収穫日と同義である。）までの日数を２つに分けた場合の、前半部を指す。栽培後期とは、栽培の開始日から栽培の終了日までの日数を２つに分けた場合の、後半部を指す。栽培の開始日を１日目とし、栽培の終了日を最終日とする。栽培の開始日から栽培の終了日までの日数Ｎが偶数の場合、栽培前期の日数は、Ｎ／２とし、栽培後期の日数は、Ｎ／２とする。栽培の開始日から栽培の終了日までの日数Ｎが奇数の場合、栽培前期の日数は、（Ｎ−１）／２とし、栽培後期の日数は、（Ｎ−１）／２＋１とする。
<Early and late cultivation>
In this production method, the cultivation period is divided into two. Specifically, it is the early stage of cultivation and the late stage of cultivation. The first half of cultivation is the first half when the number of days from the start date of cultivation (that is, synonymous with the planting date) to the end date of cultivation (that is, synonymous with the harvest date) is divided into two. Point to. The latter half of cultivation refers to the latter half when the number of days from the start date of cultivation to the end date of cultivation is divided into two. The start date of cultivation is the first day, and the end date of cultivation is the last day. When the number of days N from the start date of cultivation to the end date of cultivation is an even number, the number of days in the first half of cultivation is N / 2 and the number of days in the second half of cultivation is N / 2. When the number of days N from the start date of cultivation to the end date of cultivation is odd, the number of days in the first half of cultivation is (N-1) / 2 and the number of days in the second half of cultivation is (N-1) / 2 + 1.
好ましくは、栽培後期において、平均気温が２５℃を超える日数は、２５％未満であり、より好ましくは、１５％未満である。栽培後期において、平均気温が２５℃を超える日数が、４０％以上になると、ＳＧＳ濃度が低くなるので好ましくない。平均気温が２５℃を超える日数を２５％未満とするための具体的な手段は、特に限定されないが、例示すると、寒地栽培、寒冷地栽培又は高冷地栽培等の冷涼な気候の土地での栽培、定植時期や栽培期間の調節、或いは、温度管理可能な施設等での栽培である。ここで、寒地とは、年間平均気温が３℃から９℃の地域を指し、寒冷地とは、年間平均気温が９℃から１２℃の地域を指し、高冷地とは、標高が５００ｍ以上の地域を指す。 Preferably, in the late cultivation period, the number of days when the average temperature exceeds 25 ° C. is less than 25%, more preferably less than 15%. If the number of days when the average temperature exceeds 25 ° C. exceeds 40% in the latter stage of cultivation, the SGS concentration becomes low, which is not preferable. The specific means for reducing the number of days when the average temperature exceeds 25 ° C to less than 25% is not particularly limited, but for example, in a land having a cool climate such as cold region cultivation, cold region cultivation or high cold region cultivation. Cultivation, adjustment of planting time and cultivation period, or cultivation in facilities where temperature can be controlled. Here, the cold region refers to an area where the annual average temperature is 3 ° C to 9 ° C, the cold region refers to the region where the annual average temperature is 9 ° C to 12 ° C, and the high cold region is an altitude of 500 m. Refers to the above areas.
栽培期間は、ＳＧＳ高含有アブラナ科野菜の種類によって異なるため特に限定されないが、好ましくは、２０日以上であり、より好ましくは、４０日以上であり、さらに好ましくは、６０日以上である。栽培期間が１５０日を超えると、ＳＧＳ高含有アブラナ科野菜の茎が木質化して硬くなるため、好ましくない。 The cultivation period is not particularly limited because it varies depending on the type of cruciferous vegetables containing high SGS, but it is preferably 20 days or more, more preferably 40 days or more, and further preferably 60 days or more. If the cultivation period exceeds 150 days, the stems of cruciferous vegetables containing high SGS become woody and hard, which is not preferable.
＜平均気温＞
平均気温とは、１日あたりの平均気温を指す。つまり、「平均気温が３０℃を超えない」とは、１日あたりの平均気温が３０℃を超えないことを指す。すなわち、仮に１日の中で３０℃を超える時間帯があったとしても、１日あたりの平均気温が３０℃を越えていなければ、３０℃を超えない平均気温である。気温の具体的な測定手段は、公知の方法であれば良く、特に限定されない。
<Average temperature>
The average temperature refers to the average temperature per day. That is, "the average temperature does not exceed 30 ° C" means that the average daily temperature does not exceed 30 ° C. That is, even if there is a time zone in which the temperature exceeds 30 ° C. in a day, if the average daily temperature does not exceed 30 ° C., the average temperature does not exceed 30 ° C. The specific means for measuring the air temperature may be any known method and is not particularly limited.
＜収穫（Ｓ３０）＞
収穫において、ＳＧＳ高含有アブラナ科野菜を収穫する。ＳＧＳ高含有アブラナ科野菜を収穫する手段は、公知のものであればよく特に限定されない。収穫されたＳＧＳ高含有アブラナ科野菜のＳＧＳ濃度は、ＳＧＳ高含有アブラナ科野菜の種類によって異なるため特に限定されないが、好ましくは、栽培の開始日を基準として２．０倍以上である。好ましくは、２００ｍｇ／１００ｇ以上であり、より好ましくは、３００ｍｇ／１００ｇ以上であり、さらに好ましくは、４００ｍｇ／１００ｇ以上である。
<Harvest (S30)>
In harvesting, cruciferous vegetables with high SGS content are harvested. The means for harvesting cruciferous vegetables containing a high amount of SGS is not particularly limited as long as it is known. The SGS concentration of the harvested SGS-rich cruciferous vegetables varies depending on the type of SGS-rich cruciferous vegetables and is not particularly limited, but is preferably 2.0 times or more based on the cultivation start date. It is preferably 200 mg / 100 g or more, more preferably 300 mg / 100 g or more, and further preferably 400 mg / 100 g or more.
＜本発明に係る製造方法＞
図４が示すのは、本発明に係る製造方法（以下、「本製造方法」という。）の流れである。本製造方法を構成するのは、主に、加工（Ｓ１０）である。
<Manufacturing method according to the present invention>
FIG. 4 shows the flow of the manufacturing method according to the present invention (hereinafter, referred to as “the present manufacturing method”). The main component of this manufacturing method is processing (S10).
＜加工（Ｓ１０）＞
加工において、ＳＧＳ高含有アブラナ科野菜を加工する。ＳＧＳ高含有アブラナ科野菜は、平均気温が３０℃を超えない場所で栽培されたものである。好ましくは、寒地、寒冷地又は高冷地で栽培されたものである。加工の手段は、公知のものであれば特に限定されず、例示すると、加熱、細断、破砕、粉砕、搾汁、固液分離、乾燥、抽出、配合、混合等である。ＳＧＳ高含有アブラナ科野菜を加工して得られるのは、飲食品である。飲食品を例示すると、飲料、食品又はサプリメント等である。
<Processing (S10)>
In processing, cruciferous vegetables with high SGS content are processed. Cruciferous vegetables with high SGS content are cultivated in a place where the average temperature does not exceed 30 ° C. Preferably, it is cultivated in a cold region, a cold region or a high cold region. The processing means is not particularly limited as long as it is known, and examples thereof include heating, shredding, crushing, crushing, squeezing, solid-liquid separation, drying, extraction, blending, and mixing. Foods and drinks are obtained by processing SGS-rich cruciferous vegetables. Examples of foods and drinks are beverages, foods, supplements, and the like.
＜人工気象室での栽培試験＞
ケールを花粉親、ダイコンを柱頭親とした属間雑種（品種登録出願番号第３３２９１号、出願品種の名称：サンテヴェール４８）の培養苗を、人工気象室（日本医科器械製作所製）の内部で栽培した。栽培は、水耕栽培とし、培養液の基本組成は、ＯＡＴハウス肥料シリーズ（ＯＡＴアグリオ株式会社製）のＡ処方とした。日長は、明期１５時間、暗期９時間とした。低温区では、明期２５℃、暗期１５℃（平均気温約２１℃）で６週間栽培を行った。高温区では、明期２５℃、暗期１５℃で２週間栽培した後、明期３５℃、暗期２５℃（平均気温３１℃）で４週間栽培を行った。
<Cultivation test in an artificial weather room>
Cultured seedlings of intergeneric hybrids (variety registration application number 33291, application variety name: Saint-Evere 48) with kale as the pollen parent and radish as the stigma parent are placed inside the artificial weather room (manufactured by Nippon Medical Instruments Mfg. Co., Ltd.). Cultivated. The cultivation was hydroponics, and the basic composition of the culture solution was A formulation of the OAT house fertilizer series (manufactured by OAT Agrio Co., Ltd.). The day length was 15 hours in the light period and 9 hours in the dark period. In the low temperature group, cultivation was carried out for 6 weeks at 25 ° C in the light period and 15 ° C in the dark period (average temperature of about 21 ° C). In the high temperature group, the plants were cultivated at 25 ° C. in the light period and 15 ° C. in the dark period for 2 weeks, and then cultivated at 35 ° C. in the light period and 25 ° C. in the dark period (average temperature 31 ° C.) for 4 weeks.
＜ＳＧＳ濃度の測定＞
低温区と高温区について、ＳＧＳ濃度の測定を行った。４株分を反復して測定し、その平均値を算出した。測定サンプルは、熱水で酵素（ミロシナーゼ）を失活させてからペースト状になるまで破砕し、１００℃に設定したウォーターバスで３０分間抽出を行った後、１０，０００×ｇ、１０分間、４℃で遠心分離を行った。遠心分離後の上澄みを０．２μｍのフィルターで濾過し、ＨＰＬＣで定量した。ＨＰＬＣの詳細な測定条件は、以下のとおりである。
<Measurement of SGS concentration>
The SGS concentration was measured in the low temperature group and the high temperature group. The four strains were repeatedly measured, and the average value was calculated. The measurement sample is crushed until it becomes a paste after inactivating the enzyme (myrosinase) with hot water, and after extracting for 30 minutes in a water bath set at 100 ° C., 10,000 × g for 10 minutes. Centrifugation was performed at 4 ° C. The supernatant after centrifugation was filtered through a 0.2 μm filter and quantified by HPLC. The detailed measurement conditions of HPLC are as follows.
＜ＨＰＬＣ測定条件＞
装置：ＡＣＱＵＩＴＹ ＵＰＬＣ Ｈ−Ｃｌａｓｓシステム（Ｗａｔｅｒｓ社製）
カラム：ＡＣＱＵＩＴＹＣＳＨ Ｃ１８（Φ２．１×１００ｍｍ, １．７μｍ）（Ｗａｔｅｒｓ社製）
カラム温度：３０℃
サンプル注入量：１０μＬ
移動相Ａ：超純水：トリフルオロ酢酸＝９９．９５：０．０５（ｖ:ｖ）
移動相Ｂ：メタノール：トリフルオロ酢酸＝９９．９５：０．０５（ｖ:ｖ）
グラジエント：５分間 移動相Ｂ割合０％を維持
１０分間で移動相Ｂ割合０→１０％のリニアグラジエント
５分間で移動相Ｂ割合１０→１００％のリニアグラジエント
５分間 移動相Ｂ割合１００％を維持
２分間で移動相Ｂ割合１００→０％のリニアグラジエント
５分間 移動相Ｂ割合０％を維持
流速：０．１ｍＬ／ｍｉｎ
検出波長：２３５ｎｍ
<HPLC measurement conditions>
Equipment: ACQUITY UPLC H-Class system (manufactured by Waters)
Column: ACQUITYCSH C18 (Φ2.1 × 100mm, 1.7μm) (manufactured by Waters)
Column temperature: 30 ° C
Sample injection volume: 10 μL
Mobile phase A: Ultrapure water: Trifluoroacetic acid = 99.95: 0.05 (v: v)
Mobile phase B: Methanol: Trifluoroacetic acid = 99.95: 0.05 (v: v)
Gradient: Maintain 0% mobile phase B ratio for 5 minutes
Linear gradient with mobile phase B ratio 0 → 10% in 10 minutes
Linear gradient with mobile phase B ratio of 10 → 100% in 5 minutes
Maintain 100% mobile phase B ratio for 5 minutes
Linear gradient with mobile phase B ratio of 100 → 0% in 2 minutes
Maintain 0% mobile phase B ratio for 5 minutes Flow rate: 0.1 mL / min
Detection wavelength: 235 nm
表１が示すのは、低温区と高温区のＳＧＳ濃度である。表１からわかることは、低温区の方がＳＧＳ濃度は高くなることである。すなわち、平均気温が３０℃を超えない環境で栽培することで、ＳＧＳ濃度は高くなる。 Table 1 shows the SGS concentrations in the low temperature group and the high temperature group. It can be seen from Table 1 that the SGS concentration is higher in the low temperature group. That is, the SGS concentration is increased by cultivating in an environment where the average temperature does not exceed 30 ° C.
＜圃場での栽培試験＞
＜定植＞
ケールを花粉親、ダイコンを柱頭親とした属間雑種（品種登録出願番号第３３２９１号、出願品種の名称：サンテヴェール４８）の培養苗を、栃木県那須塩原市のカゴメ株式会社所有の圃場に定植した。区分１は、２０１７年５月３０日に定植し、２０１７年８月３０日まで栽培した。区分２は、２０１７年５月３０日に定植し、２０１７年９月１９日まで栽培した。区分３は、２０１７年６月１９日に定植し、２０１７年９月１９日まで栽培した。区分４は、２０１７年７月２８日に定植し、２０１７年９月１９日まで栽培した。区分５は、２０１７年８月２５日に定植し、２０１７年１０月１８日まで栽培した。各区分における栽培期間の日数、栽培前期の日数、栽培後期の日数は、表２に示すとおりである。栽植設定は、天面７０ｃｍ、株間８０ｃｍ、畝間１２０ｃｍとした。試験規模は、３０株とした。
<Cultivation test in the field>
<Planting>
Cultured seedlings of intergeneric hybrids (variety registration application number 33291, application variety name: Saint-Evere 48) with kale as the pollen parent and radish as the stigma are placed in a field owned by Kagome Co., Ltd. in Nasushiobara City, Tochigi Prefecture. Planted. Category 1 was planted on May 30, 2017 and cultivated until August 30, 2017. Category 2 was planted on May 30, 2017 and cultivated until September 19, 2017. Category 3 was planted on June 19, 2017 and cultivated until September 19, 2017. Category 4 was planted on July 28, 2017 and cultivated until September 19, 2017. Category 5 was planted on August 25, 2017 and cultivated until October 18, 2017. The number of days in the cultivation period, the number of days in the first half of cultivation, and the number of days in the second half of cultivation in each category are as shown in Table 2. The planting settings were 70 cm on the top surface, 80 cm between the stocks, and 120 cm between the furrows. The test scale was 30 strains.
＜栽培＞
定植した苗を土耕にて栽培した。施肥設計は、基肥を窒素１６ｋｇ／１０ａ、リン酸１８．８ｋｇ／ａ、カリウム１６ｋｇ／ａとし、追肥を窒素１０ｋｇ／ａ、リン酸５．０ｋｇ／ａ、カリウム５．０ｋｇ／ａとした。
<Cultivation>
The planted seedlings were cultivated by soil cultivation. In the fertilizer application design, the basal fertilizer was nitrogen 16 kg / 10a, phosphoric acid 18.8 kg / a, and potassium 16 kg / a, and the top dressing was nitrogen 10 kg / a, phosphoric acid 5.0 kg / a, and potassium 5.0 kg / a.
＜ＳＧＳ濃度の測定＞
栽培の開始日におけるＳＧＳ濃度を把握するため、同じ培養方法で得た培養苗のＳＧＳ濃度を測定した。測定サンプルは、葉長５ｃｍの葉の全量を用いた。任意の２株分について測定し、その平均値を算出した。
<Measurement of SGS concentration>
In order to grasp the SGS concentration on the start date of cultivation, the SGS concentration of the cultured seedlings obtained by the same culture method was measured. As the measurement sample, the total amount of leaves having a leaf length of 5 cm was used. Measurements were made for any two strains, and the average value was calculated.
栽培の終了日におけるＳＧＳ濃度を把握するため、区分１から区分５の栽培終了日におけるＳＧＳ濃度を測定した。測定サンプルは、葉長１５ｃｍの葉の先端部約０．５ｇとし、任意の３株分を混合したものについて測定した。 In order to grasp the SGS concentration on the end date of cultivation, the SGS concentration on the end date of cultivation of Category 1 to Category 5 was measured. The measurement sample was about 0.5 g at the tip of a leaf with a leaf length of 15 cm, and a mixture of any three strains was measured.
測定は、前述と同様の方法で行った。 The measurement was carried out in the same manner as described above.
＜気温の測定＞
栽培期間における気温は、データロガー（ティアンドデイ社製、ＴＲ−７２Ｕｉ）を用いて測定した。データロガーを設置した場所は、圃場内部とし、畝の上部からの高さが３０ｃｍの位置とした。データロガーの上部及び側部は、アルミホイルで遮光し、直射日光があたらないようにした。気温は、１時間ごとに測定し、午前０時から午後１２時までのデータの平均値を算出して、１日あたりの平均気温とした。
<Measurement of temperature>
The temperature during the cultivation period was measured using a data logger (TR-72Ui, manufactured by T & D Co., Ltd.). The location where the data logger was installed was inside the field, and the height from the top of the ridge was 30 cm. The upper and side parts of the data logger were shielded from light with aluminum foil to prevent direct sunlight. The temperature was measured hourly, and the average value of the data from 0:00 am to 12:00 pm was calculated to obtain the average temperature per day.
栽培前期及び栽培後期における平均気温が２５℃を超える日数及びその割合を表３に示す。尚、区分１から区分５の全ての栽培期間において、平均気温が３０℃を超える日は無かった。表３からわかることは、以下のとおりである。区分１では、栽培後期において平均気温が２５℃を超える日数が４０％以上であり、栽培の終了日におけるＳＧＳ濃度は、栽培の開始時点を基準として、２．０倍以下である。具体的には、２００ｍｇ／１００ｇ未満である。他方、区分２から区分５では、栽培後期において平均気温が２５℃を超える日数が２５％未満であり、栽培の終了日におけるＳＧＳ濃度は、栽培の開始時点を基準として、２．０倍以上である。具体的には、２００ｍｇ／１００ｇ以上である。 Table 3 shows the number of days when the average temperature exceeds 25 ° C in the early and late cultivation periods and the ratio thereof. In all cultivation periods from Category 1 to Category 5, there were no days when the average temperature exceeded 30 ° C. What can be seen from Table 3 is as follows. In Category 1, the number of days when the average temperature exceeds 25 ° C. in the latter stage of cultivation is 40% or more, and the SGS concentration on the end date of cultivation is 2.0 times or less based on the start time of cultivation. Specifically, it is less than 200 mg / 100 g. On the other hand, in Category 2 to Category 5, the number of days when the average temperature exceeds 25 ° C. in the latter stage of cultivation is less than 25%, and the SGS concentration on the end date of cultivation is 2.0 times or more based on the start time of cultivation. is there. Specifically, it is 200 mg / 100 g or more.
つまり、栽培後期において平均気温が２５℃を超える日数を考慮せずに栽培を行うと、区分１乃至５のＳＧＳ濃度のアブラナ科野菜が生産されるが、栽培後期において平均気温が２５℃を超える日数が２５％未満となるように栽培を行うことで、区分２乃至５のＳＧＳ濃度のアブラナ科野菜が生産される。すなわち、ＳＧＳ濃度が高く、かつ、安定したアブラナ科野菜が生産可能となる。 In other words, if cultivation is carried out without considering the number of days when the average temperature exceeds 25 ° C in the latter half of cultivation, cruciferous vegetables with SGS concentrations of categories 1 to 5 are produced, but the average temperature exceeds 25 ° C in the latter half of cultivation. By cultivating the vegetables so that the number of days is less than 25%, cruciferous vegetables having SGS concentrations of categories 2 to 5 are produced. That is, it is possible to produce stable cruciferous vegetables with a high SGS concentration.
さらに、区分１及び区分２の比較からわかることは、以下のとおりである。区分１及び区分２は、定植日が同じであることから、栽培期間を調節することで、栽培後期において２５℃を超える平均気温の日数を調節することが可能である。 Further, what can be understood from the comparison between Category 1 and Category 2 is as follows. Since the planting dates are the same in Category 1 and Category 2, it is possible to adjust the number of days with an average temperature exceeding 25 ° C. in the latter stage of cultivation by adjusting the cultivation period.
さらに、区分１及び区分３の比較からわかることは、以下のとおりである。区分１及び区分３は、栽培期間が同じであることから、栽培期間を同じにするだけでは、グルコシノレートを高く、かつ、安定させることはできない。 Further, what can be understood from the comparison of Category 1 and Category 3 is as follows. Since the cultivation period of Category 1 and Category 3 is the same, it is not possible to increase and stabilize the glucosinolate only by making the cultivation period the same.
さらに、区分１、区分４及び区分５の比較からわかることは、以下のとおりである。区分４及び区分５は、区分１に比べて栽培期間が短いが、栽培期間が短い場合においても、栽培後期において平均気温が２５℃を超える日数を２５％未満とすることで、グルコシノレートを高く、かつ、安定させることが可能である。 Further, what can be understood from the comparison of Category 1, Category 4 and Category 5 is as follows. In Category 4 and Category 5, the cultivation period is shorter than that in Category 1, but even when the cultivation period is short, the number of days when the average temperature exceeds 25 ° C in the latter stage of cultivation is set to less than 25% to reduce glucosinolate. It is expensive and can be stabilized.
気温がＳＧＳ濃度に影響する理由は、推察ではあるが、高温によるＳＧＳ代謝経路の変化である。具体的には、ＳＧＳを合成する代謝経路が阻害される、又は、ＳＧＳを分解する代謝経路が促進される。特に、栽培後期における気温が重要な理由は、推察ではあるが、収穫前の一定期間に高温に晒されることが、ＳＧＳ濃度の低下に繋がることである。ただし、作用はこれに限定されない。 The reason why the temperature affects the SGS concentration is, speculation, the change in the SGS metabolic pathway due to the high temperature. Specifically, the metabolic pathway for synthesizing SGS is inhibited, or the metabolic pathway for degrading SGS is promoted. In particular, the reason why the temperature in the latter stage of cultivation is important is that, although it is speculated, exposure to high temperature for a certain period before harvesting leads to a decrease in SGS concentration. However, the action is not limited to this.
本発明が有用な分野は、野菜の生産である。 An area in which the present invention is useful is the production of vegetables.
Claims (9)
栽培：ここで栽培されるのは、ＳＧＳ高含有アブラナ科野菜であり、その栽培場所は、平均気温が３０℃を超えない。 A method for producing cruciferous vegetables with high SGS content, which is composed of at least the following steps:
Cultivation: The cruciferous vegetables with high SGS content are cultivated here, and the average temperature of the cultivated place does not exceed 30 ° C.
前記栽培の期間は、２０日以上である。 The production method of claim 1.
The cultivation period is 20 days or more.
前記栽培の期間は、４０日以上である。 The production method of claim 1.
The cultivation period is 40 days or more.
前記栽培の期間は、６０日以上である。 The production method of claim 1.
The cultivation period is 60 days or more.
前記栽培の期間は、１５０日以下である。 The production method according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
The cultivation period is 150 days or less.
前記栽培場所では、栽培後期において、平均気温が２５℃を超える日数が２５％未満である。 The production method according to any one of claims 2 to 5.
In the cultivation place, the number of days when the average temperature exceeds 25 ° C. is less than 25% in the latter stage of cultivation.
前記ＳＧＳ高含有アブラナ科野菜は、アブラナ属の野菜とダイコン属の野菜の属間雑種である。 The production method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
The SGS-rich cruciferous vegetables are intergeneric hybrids of Brassicaceae vegetables and Radishes vegetables.
加工：ここで加工されるのは、ＳＧＳ高含有アブラナ科野菜であり、
前記ＳＧＳ高含有アブラナ科野菜の栽培場所は、平均気温が３０℃を超えない。 A method of manufacturing food and drink, which is composed of at least the following steps:
Processing: The cruciferous vegetables with high SGS content are processed here.
The average temperature of the SGS-rich cruciferous vegetable cultivation site does not exceed 30 ° C.
含有するのは、ＳＧＳ高含有アブラナ科野菜であり、
当該ＳＧＳ高含有アブラナ科野菜の栽培場所は、平均気温が３０℃を超えない。 Food and drink
It contains SGS-rich cruciferous vegetables,
The average temperature of the cruciferous vegetables with high SGS content does not exceed 30 ° C.
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| JP2006211945A (en) * | 2005-02-03 | 2006-08-17 | Ts Shokubutsu Kenkyusho:Kk | New cruciferous plant and method for rearing the same |
| JP2011048803A (en) * | 2009-08-26 | 2011-03-10 | Tetsumasa Yamamoto | Production and supply system of agricultural product |
| JP2017060442A (en) * | 2015-09-25 | 2017-03-30 | 三菱化学株式会社 | Method for producing mixed vegetable |
| JP2019041694A (en) * | 2017-09-04 | 2019-03-22 | 昭和電工株式会社 | Plant cultivation apparatus and plant cultivation method |
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| JP2006211945A (en) * | 2005-02-03 | 2006-08-17 | Ts Shokubutsu Kenkyusho:Kk | New cruciferous plant and method for rearing the same |
| JP2011048803A (en) * | 2009-08-26 | 2011-03-10 | Tetsumasa Yamamoto | Production and supply system of agricultural product |
| JP2017060442A (en) * | 2015-09-25 | 2017-03-30 | 三菱化学株式会社 | Method for producing mixed vegetable |
| JP2019041694A (en) * | 2017-09-04 | 2019-03-22 | 昭和電工株式会社 | Plant cultivation apparatus and plant cultivation method |
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| Title |
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| 芹澤啓明・矢ヶ崎和弘: "機能性成分グルコラファニンを多く含むケール新品種’ハイパール’の育成", 長野県野菜花き試験場報告, vol. 第１６号, JPN7021005064, 2017, pages 24 - 30, ISSN: 0004748027 * |
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