JP5988420B2 - Leafy vegetables production method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for producing leafy vegetables.

  In recent years, interest in functional ingredients such as vitamins and polyphenols contained in agricultural products has increased due to health-consciousness. Therefore, there is a high need for agricultural products that contain many functional ingredients. Reactive oxygen is one of the factors that damage cells and tissues of the human body and promote cancer, lifestyle-related diseases, and aging. Leafy vegetables contain many functional ingredients.

  On the other hand, outdoor cultivation of leafy vegetables is affected by the weather, and the production and quality are not stable. Therefore, year-round cultivation of high-quality leafy vegetables is desired. In response to this, in recent years, year-round production has been carried out in plant cultivation and plant factories that are not affected by the weather.

  As a conventional cultivation method for improving the quality of plants, when a plant is hydroponically cultivated, a mixed nutrient element such as boron, manganese, iron, copper or a nutrient solution containing at least one trace element from zinc, molybdenum, selenium is provided. Or a cultivating method in which irrigation is applied in the factory or sprayed on the foliage and contains a large amount of vitamins and polyphenols is known (see Patent Document 1).

  Moreover, there is also a cultivation method that improves the antioxidant function by spraying a liquid obtained by diluting black vinegar when cultivating a plant (see Patent Document 2).

  However, equipment for irrigation facilities and foliar spraying are costly, and the latter is especially expensive for large plant factories. Then, if it is the irradiation method which can raise content of a functional component, there will be no need of spraying and it will become comparatively low cost.

  This irradiation method is to irradiate the cultivated plant with a light intensity of 5 times or more of the light intensity under normal growth conditions, thereby increasing the yield of plant polyphenols (see Patent Document 3).

JP 2006-304777 A JP 2009-159855 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-9665

  However, in such an irradiation method, it is necessary to increase the light intensity to 5 times or more than usual, and it is necessary to irradiate for 12 hours. There is a problem that the product value is lost because the lottery is drawn (the buds are standing) and the flowers are bloomed for a long time. In addition, the conditions for applying day length irradiation stress are not necessarily the optimum day length irradiation conditions for the plant. Therefore, depending on the item of the plant, there is a problem that the lighting condition of day length is limited. From the viewpoint of quality control, it should be possible to adjust the irradiation conditions (irradiation time, irradiation intensity) of day long light as much as possible.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and it is possible to increase the content of functional components such as vitamins and polyphenols in leaf vegetables without changing the day length irradiation conditions of growing leaf vegetables. An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing leafy vegetables using green light.

  The present invention is a method for producing leaf vegetables, which includes an irradiation step of irradiating the leaf vegetables only with green light under dark conditions, and the functional component of the leaf vegetables is increased by the irradiation step.

  According to the present invention, the content of functional components such as vitamins and polyphenols in leafy vegetables can be increased without changing the day length irradiation conditions of growing leafy vegetables.

Moreover, according to this invention, the nitrate nitrogen of leaf vegetables growing can also be reduced. In addition, nitrate nitrogen is nitrogen which exists in the form of nitric oxide like nitrate ions. Usually NO ₃ ^- metal in the form of nitrate ions are present in the form of nitrate bound. Nitrate nitrogen is usually the final product produced by the oxidation of nitrogen compounds.

FIG. 1 is a graph showing the growth transition (number of individuals n = 12) of Chingensai in Test 1 according to irradiation intensity. FIG. 2 is a table showing the maximum leaf length, leaf width, leaf number, and above-ground weight of Chingensai of Test 1 according to irradiation intensity. FIG. 3A is a graph showing the growth transition (n = 12) of leaf lettuce “Evening Red Fire” in Test 2 according to irradiation intensity. FIG. 3B is a table showing the maximum leaf length and the number of leaves of the leaf lettuce “evening red fire” of Test 2 according to irradiation intensity. FIG. 4 is a table showing leaf area, root length, and total polyphenol by irradiation intensity of leaf lettuce “evening red fire” of Test 2. FIG. 5A is a graph showing the total amount of polyphenol per unit weight of leaf lettuce “Frill ice” in Test 3 according to irradiation intensity. FIG. 5B is a table showing the leaf number, leaf area, leaf color (SPAD value), and stock diameter of leaf lettuce “frilled ice” in Test 3. FIG. 6A is a graph showing the total amount of polyphenol per unit weight of leaf lettuce “evening red fire” of Test 4 according to irradiation intensity. FIG. 6B is a table showing the leaf area of leaf lettuce “Evening Red Fire” in Test 4 according to irradiation intensity. FIG. 7 (A) is a graph showing the plant height for each spin intensity of spinach of test 5. FIG. FIG. 7B is a table showing the stock diameter, root length, and above-ground part weight of spinach in Test 5. FIG. 7C is a table showing the vitamin C content and total polyphenol content of spinach in Test 5. FIG. 8 (A) is a table showing the main stem length, leaf area, leaf color (SPAD value), stem diameter and amount of vitamin C per unit weight of test 6 according to irradiation intensity. FIG. 8B is a graph showing the amount of vitamin C per unit weight. FIG. 9 (A) shows photographs of the barley of Test 7 according to irradiation intensity. FIG. 9B is a table showing the stem diameter, leaf area, and leaf color (SPAD value) of the grasshopper of Test 7 according to irradiation intensity. 10 (A) and 10 (B) are a table and a graph showing the influence on the growth of leaf lettuce “frilled ice” in Test 3-2. FIGS. 11A and 11B are graphs showing the effect on the quality of leaf lettuce “frilled ice” in Test 3-2. 12 (A) and 12 (B) are a table and a graph showing the influence on the growth of leaf lettuce “Evening Red Fire” in Test 4-2. FIGS. 13A, 13B, and 13C are graphs showing the influence on the quality of leaf lettuce “evening red fire” in Test 4-2. 14 (A) to 14 (D) are graphs showing the influence of spinach on the growth of Test 5-2. FIGS. 15A, 15B and 15C are graphs showing the influence on the quality of spinach in Test 5-2. FIG. 16 is a graph showing the effect on the activity of roots of plantain in Test 7-2. 17 (A) and 17 (B) are a table and a graph showing the effect on the growth of barley in Test 7-3. 18 (A), (B), and (C) are graphs showing the effect on the growth of barn in Test 7-4. 19 (A) to 19 (E) are graphs showing the influence on the quality of the grass in Test 7-4. FIG. 20 is a graph showing the effect on the gloss of the leaves of the plantain in Test 7-5. FIG. 21 is a graph showing the influence on the growth of leaf vegetables in Test 8. FIG. 22 is a graph showing the influence on the quality of leaf vegetables in Test 8.

In the said irradiation process of this invention, it is preferable that irradiation intensity | strength is the range of 0.1-200 micromol / m < ² > / s, and irradiation time is 1 to 5 hours.

  It is preferable that at least one before and after the irradiation step of the present invention includes a dark step of placing the leaf vegetables under dark conditions. In this case, it is preferable that the time for the dark condition is 1 hour or longer.

  In this invention, it is preferable to implement the said irradiation process intermittently in multiple times. In this case, it is preferable that the rate of intermittently performing the irradiation step is a rate of once every 1 to 7 days or a rate of 1 to 7 times per week.

  In the present invention, the functional component preferably contains at least one of polyphenol and vitamin C.

  Next, the present invention will be described in detail with examples.

  The leaf vegetable production method of the present invention includes an irradiation step of irradiating the leaf vegetable with green light under dark conditions. By the irradiation step, the content of functional components such as vitamin C and polyphenols in leaf vegetables can be increased, and the content of nitrate nitrogen can be decreased. Therefore, from another viewpoint, the present invention can also be referred to as “a method for increasing the functional components of leaf vegetables including the irradiation step” and “a method for reducing nitrate nitrogen in leaf vegetables including the irradiation step”. it can.

  In the present invention, the leafy vegetables refer to plants that mainly use edible leaves. Examples of the leafy vegetables include leek, scallion, onion, rakkyo, leek, ginger, myoga, scallops, spinach, okajiki, tuna, tsurumasaki, junsai, lotus, horseradish, taisai, kyouna, hisagona, rape, hakusai, , Mustard, takana, tanikutakana, kale, kairan, cauliflower, cabbage, me cabbage, kohlrabi, broccoli, wasabi, Japanese radish, Japanese radish, watercress, salamander, seaweed, celery, honey bee, carrot, fennel, hamboufu, seri, parsley , Perilla, sage, thyme, basil, shungiku, endive, chicory, tsuwabuki, suizenjina, chisha, kakichisha, lettuce, tachichisha, fuki, herbs and the like.

  The production method of the present invention can be carried out in the same manner as the method for cultivating leafy vegetables except that it includes the irradiation step. For example, supply of fertilizer and water, light irradiation for growth (natural light or artificial light), temperature control For example, a general leaf vegetable cultivation method can be applied. Moreover, this invention is applicable regardless of alley cultivation and house cultivation. As an example of the method of irradiating the leafy vegetables, the green light is irradiated to the leafy vegetables in the facility cultivation such as a vinyl greenhouse or the seedlings and grafted seedlings in the nursery in the nursery stock as described above.

  The green light irradiated in the irradiation process of the present invention is, for example, light having a wavelength range of 480 nm to 560 nm. The green light source is not particularly limited as long as it can emit green light. For example, a green light luminaire such as a green fluorescent lamp, a green LED (light emitting diode), a green cold cathode tube, and a green arc tube is used. can give. In addition to this, the leaf vegetables may be irradiated with light such as sunlight, white fluorescent light, and white light that has been transmitted through a green filter and converted to green light. In addition, leaf vegetables may be irradiated by a method of sequentially irradiating leaf vegetables with a mobile light source or a method using reflected light of a mirror ball method, and it should be selected according to the cultivation form and cultivation place of leaf vegetables. Can do.

  The green light irradiation may be part or all of leafy vegetables.

In the present invention, the irradiation conditions in the irradiation step are not particularly limited. The irradiation intensity is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 200 μmol / m ² / s, more preferably in the range of ^{20 to} 80 μmol / m ² / s. The irradiation time is preferably 1 to 5 hours, more preferably 2 to 4 hours, and further preferably 2 to 3 hours. Note that a preferable condition between the irradiation intensity and the irradiation time may have a negative correlation. In this case, when the irradiation intensity is strong, the irradiation time can be shortened. The irradiation in the irradiation step may be continuous irradiation or irradiation that repeats blinking.

  As described above, in the present invention, it is preferable to provide a dark process in which leaf vegetables are placed under dark conditions at least one before and after the irradiation process, and more preferably, a dark process is provided both before and after the irradiation process. That is. By providing the dark process, it is possible to more effectively cause the functional components of leafy vegetables to be improved and nitrate nitrogen to be reduced. The time for the dark process is preferably 1 hour or longer, more preferably 2 hours or longer, and further preferably 3 hours or longer. For example, when the irradiation process and the dark process are performed at night, the irradiation process may be performed for 1 to 5 hours (preferably 2 hours) several hours after sunset and left as it is until sunrise. The dark conditions can be used at night, but even in the daytime, it is possible to realize the dark conditions by blocking sunlight, for example, by covering a greenhouse with a sheet or the like. is there.

  As described above, in the present invention, it is preferable that the irradiation step is intermittently performed a plurality of times (two times or more). In the present invention, “perform intermittently” means that a certain time is placed between the irradiation process. The fixed time between the irradiation process and the irradiation process is not particularly limited, and when expressed in time, for example, 1 to 168 hours, 1 to 144 hours, 1 to 120 hours, 1 to 96 hours, 1 to 96 hours, 72 hours, 1-48 hours, 1-24 hours, 1-12 hours, 1-6 hours. Moreover, when expressing the ratio of an intermittent irradiation process with a day, the ratio of implementation of an irradiation process is 1 to 3 times or 1 to 2 times for 1 to 7 days, 1 to 2 to 6 days, for example. Once or twice, preferably once or twice every three days. When expressed in weeks, it is 1 to 7 times a week, preferably 2 or 3 times a week. Note that the intermittent irradiation process may be performed every day as long as a certain time is provided between the irradiation. Moreover, in the intermittent irradiation process, the relationship between the irradiation time and the ratio of the intermittent irradiation is, for example, an irradiation process in which the irradiation time is 1 to 5 hours, preferably 2 to 4 hours, more preferably 2 to 3 hours. When expressed in days, the rate of performing the irradiation step is, for example, 1 to 3 times or 1 to 2 times in 1 to 7 days, 1 or 2 times in 2 to 6 days, preferably 3 days. Once or twice, when expressed in a week, it is 1 to 7 times a week, preferably 2 or 3 times a week. In the intermittent irradiation process, a certain time between the irradiation process and the irradiation process may also serve as the dark process. The conditions of the dark process in this case are as described above.

As a specific example of the green light irradiation, for example, an irradiation process in which a dark process for 1 hour or more is provided before and after and green light with an irradiation intensity of 20 μmol / m ² / s is irradiated for 2 hours is once every three days or once a week. Implementing at a rate of 2 or 3 times can be performed during the leaf vegetable growing period. In addition, it is preferable to implement this invention in the whole period or the one part period of the cultivation period of leaf vegetables. The growing period refers to a period from emergence to harvesting, for example.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described with reference to examples (tests) and control groups, but the present invention is not limited to the examples.

[Test 1]
In hydroponics using leafy vegetables (Chingensai), cultivation was performed while irradiating green light, and the effect of green light irradiation on growth was investigated. Moreover, as a comparative example, cultivation was performed while irradiating white light, and the influence on growth was investigated.

[Materials and methods]
(material)
Chingensai “Cunyan” (Sakata Seed) was used as a test material. The seedlings that were sown in a urethane medium and grown for 2 weeks by a known seedling raising method were used.
(Test conditions for hydroponics)
The seedlings that were raised were planted in an NFT hydroponic cultivation apparatus installed in a prefabricated warehouse, and cultivation was started separately for each test group and control group. In test groups 1 and 2, green light was irradiated, and in control group 1, white light was irradiated. For this irradiation, a green fluorescent lamp or a white fluorescent lamp installed in the NFT hydroponic cultivation apparatus was used.

  Irradiation of each section was performed in the dark (for example, 22:00 to 24:00) when sunshine and supplementary light were not applied to Ching Gensai. This irradiation was performed at substantially the same time zone for each irradiation day.

In the test groups 1 and ² , green light is irradiated to the whole exposed part of the chingensai, and the light irradiation intensity is set to 80 μmol / m ² / s (test group 1) and 40 μmol / m ² / s (test group 2). Time: 2 hours / time, irradiation frequency: 1 time / 3 days.

In the control group 1, the whole exposed part of the chingensai was irradiated with white light, the light irradiation intensity: 80 μmol / m ² / s, the irradiation time: 2 hours / time, and the irradiation frequency: once / 3 days.

In the control group 2, the cultivation was performed without irradiation (0 μmol / m ² / s).

Other cultivation conditions were the same in the test groups 1 and 2 and the control groups 1 and 2 such that the cultivation temperature in the prefabricated warehouse was 20 ° C. and the artificial day length was 12 hours, and the known NFT hydroponics method was followed.
(Survey item)
During the cultivation period, in each ward (17 strains), a growth survey (maximum leaf length, leaf width, number of leaves, above-ground weight), leaf color survey, and component analysis (vitamin C, total polyphenol) were conducted. .

From the results of the leaf color (SPAD value) investigation, the nitrogen nutrition status of leafy vegetables can be known. This is because as the nitrogen content increases, the chlorophyll content increases and the green color of the leaves increases.
(result)
Hydroponics was carried out while irradiating green radish with green light, and the influence on growth was investigated.

  In FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the growth transition (maximum leaf length, leaf width, the number of leaves, and the weight of the above-ground part) of Chingensai in each section is shown.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the maximum leaf length tended to increase in the test groups 1 and 2 irradiated with green light. As shown in Table 1 of FIG. 2, significant increases were observed for the maximum leaf length, the leaf width, the number of leaves, and the above-ground weight in Test Groups 1 and 2 irradiated with green light.

  On the other hand, in the control group 1 irradiated with white light, the growth was not promoted as much as the test groups 1 and 2 irradiated with green light.

In the test groups 1 and 2, the maximum leaf length is finally almost the same, but the ground part weight and the leaf width are superior, so 80 (μmol / m ² / s) is preferable as in the test group 1.

[Test 2]
The effect of green light irradiation on growth was investigated in the same manner as in Test 1 except that seedlings of red leaf lettuce “Evening Red Fire” (Takii Seedling Co., Ltd.) were used as test materials. Irradiation intensity 80μmol ^{/ m} 2 ^/ s of the test group to test group 3 were the test groups of the irradiation intensity 40μmol ^{/ m} 2 ^/ s and test group 4. In addition, as a comparative example, the influence of white light on growth was investigated in the same manner as in the control group 1 of the test 1 except that the test material was the above-mentioned “evening red fire” (control group 3). In addition, non-irradiation was designated as control group 4. The result is shown in FIG.
(result)
Hydroponic cultivation was carried out while irradiating green leaf light to leaf lettuce “Evening Red Fire”, and the effect on growth was investigated.

  FIG. 3 (A) and FIG. 3 (B) show the growth transition (maximum leaf length, number of leaves) in each section.

  As shown in FIG. 3 (A), in the test sections 3 and 4 irradiated with green light, there was a tendency that the maximum leaf length finally increased as compared with the white light irradiation. Moreover, as shown in Table 2 of FIG. 3 (B), significant increases were observed in the maximum leaf length and the number of leaves in the test sections 3 and 4 irradiated with green light. In Table 2, “green light 80” is test group 3, and “green light 40” is test group 4.

  On the other hand, in the control group 3 irradiated with white light, the growth was not promoted as much as the test group irradiated with green light.

  In addition, leaf area, root length, and total polyphenol content were investigated. As shown in Table 3 of FIG. 4, in the test sections 3 and 4 irradiated with green light, the leaf area and root length were increased as compared with non-irradiation, and a growth promoting effect was obtained. Moreover, about the total polyphenol amount, it was 631 mg / 100g in the test group 4, and 584 mg / 100g in the test group 3, and the total polyphenol amount increased compared with non-irradiation.

The reason for the increase in total polyphenols in the test group 4 (40 μmol / m ² / s) with low irradiation intensity is that leaf lettuce “Even Red Red Fire” has a red leaf color and other leaf vegetables having a green leaf color. This is considered to be due to the difference in the degree of penetration of green light and the difference in the peak of the amount of green light suitable for growth and polyphenol production.

In addition, from the results in Table 2 of FIG. 3, green light was irradiated at 40 μmol / m ² / s from the start of irradiation to the 2-week-old seedlings of leaf lettuce “Evening Red Fire” from about 10 days, and thereafter You may make it change to 80 micromol / m < ² > / s.

[Test 3]
In NFT hydroponics using green leaf lettuce “Frill Ice” (Snow Brand Seed Co., Ltd.), cultivation was performed while irradiating with green light, and the influence of green light irradiation on growth and quality was investigated.
(material)
“Frill ice” was sown on a urethane medium, and seedlings grown for 2 weeks by a known seedling raising method were used.
(Test conditions for hydroponics)
The seedlings of leaf lettuce that had been nurtured were planted in an NFT hydroponic cultivation apparatus installed in a vinyl greenhouse, and cultivation was started separately for each test group and control group. In test groups 5 to 7, green light was irradiated, and in control group 5, no irradiation was performed. For this irradiation, a green fluorescent lamp installed in an NFT hydroponic cultivation apparatus was used.

  Irradiation of each section was performed in the dark (for example, 22:00 to 24:00) when sunlight and supplementary light were not applied to the “frill ice”. This irradiation was performed at substantially the same time zone for each irradiation day.

In test group 5-7, the green light is irradiated to the entire exposed portion of the "furyl ice", respectively irradiation intensity of light, 20μmol ^{/ m} 2 ^/ s (test group ^{5), 40μmol / m 2 /} s ( test group 6), 80 μmol / m ² / s (test group 7), irradiation time: 2 hours / time, irradiation frequency: 1 time / 3 days.

  In the control group 5, “frill ice” was grown without irradiation.

Other cultivation conditions were the same in the test groups 5 to 7 and the control group 5 such as 20 to 35 ° C. and natural day length regularly, and the known NFT hydroponics method was followed.
(Survey item)
During each culturing period, growth surveys (number of leaves, leaf area, stock diameter), leaf color survey (SPAD), and component analysis (total polyphenols) were conducted in each group (10 strains). The result is shown in FIG.
(result)
NFT hydroponic cultivation was conducted while irradiating leaf lettuce “Frill Ice” with green light to investigate the influence on growth.

Regarding the influence on the growth of the target plant, as shown in Table 4 of FIG. 5 (B), when the non-irradiated group (control group 5) is used as a reference, the irradiation intensity is 20 μmol / m ² / s (test group 5). ) Increased the leaf area and the stock diameter, and the growth promoting effect was obtained.

As shown in FIG. 5 (A), the total polyphenol content is increased as compared with no irradiation at irradiation intensity of 20 μmol / m ² / s (test group 5) and 40 μmol / m ² / s (test group 6). did. In addition, total polyphenol content shows the thing at the time of harvest.

From the relationship between the total polyphenol content and the degree of growth, an irradiation intensity of about 20 μmol / m ² / s, in which the growth is highest in the range of irradiation intensity of about 50 μmol / m ² / s or less where the total polyphenol content increases, is particularly preferable. .

[Test 3-2]
In the same manner as in Test 3, plant height, root length, and root activity were investigated. Further, vitamin C and nitrate nitrogen content were investigated in the same manner as in Test 3 except that the irradiation intensity was 20 μmol / m ² / s. In this test, the number of samples (n) was as shown in FIGS.

The results are shown in FIGS. As shown in FIG. 10A, the plant height and root length were increased by green light irradiation as compared to non-irradiation. Further, as shown in FIG. 10 (B), as compared with the non irradiated, 40μmol ^/ m 2 ^/ s, the green light irradiation of 80μmol ^{/ m} 2 ^/ s, TTC activity roots increased. Moreover, as shown to FIG. 11 (A), vitamin C content increased by green light irradiation compared with non-irradiation. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 11B, the content of nitrate nitrogen, which may adversely affect the human body, was reduced by green light irradiation as compared to non-irradiation.

[Test 4]
The test was conducted in the same manner as in Test 3 except that “Evening Red Fire” (Takii Seedling Co., Ltd.) was used as the material.

That is, the irradiation intensity of the green light of each group 20μmol ^{/ m} 2 ^/ s (test group ^{8), 40μmol / m 2 /} s ( test group ^{9), 80μmol / m 2 /} s ( test section 10), non-irradiated (control The test was conducted in the same manner as in Test 3 such as “Cut 6). The result is shown in FIG.
(result)
About the influence of the green light irradiation on the growth of the target plant, as shown in Table 5 of FIG. 6 (B), when the non-irradiated group (control group 6) is used as a reference, the irradiation intensity is 20 to 80 μmol / m ² / The leaf area of the target plant increased at s (test zone 8 to 10). These results also show that plant growth is promoted when irradiated at an irradiation intensity of less than ²⁰ μmol / m ² / s or when irradiated at a range exceeding 80 μmol / m ² / s.

As shown in FIG. 6 (A), the total polyphenol content increased when the irradiation intensity was 20 to 80 μmol / m ² / s (test section 8 to 10). From these results, the irradiation intensity was 20 μmol / It can be seen that even when irradiated at less than m ² / s or when irradiated at a range exceeding 80 μmol / m ² / s, it increases.

Among the test groups 8 to 10, the total polyphenol content increased most when the irradiation intensity was 80 μmol / m ² / s (test group 10). This is in contrast to the green leaf lettuce “Frill Ice”.

  The red leaf lettuce “Red Fire” is the same leaf lettuce, but the total polyphenol content increases according to the irradiation intensity of green light, compared to the green leaf lettuce “Frill Ice”. The total polyphenol content per unit weight was about doubled (see FIG. 5 (A) and FIG. 6 (A) in comparison).

[Test 4-2]
In the same manner as in Test 4, plant height, root length, and root activity were examined. Further, the antioxidant ability, vitamin C, and nitrate nitrogen content were investigated in the same manner as in Test 4 except that the irradiation intensity was set to 80 μmol / m ² / s. In this test, the number of samples (n) was as shown in FIGS.

The results are shown in FIGS. As shown in FIG. 12 (A), the plant height and root length were increased by green light irradiation as compared to non-irradiation. In addition, as shown in FIG. 12B, root TTC activity was increased by ²⁰ μmol / m ² / s and 80 μmol / m ² / s green light irradiation as compared to no irradiation. Moreover, as shown to FIG. 13 (A) and (B), compared with non-irradiation, antioxidant ability and vitamin C content increased by green light irradiation. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 13C, the content of nitrate nitrogen was reduced by green light irradiation as compared to non-irradiation.

[Test 5]
In hydroponic cultivation of spinach, cultivation was performed while irradiating green light, and the influence of green light irradiation on growth was examined.
(material)
The spinach variety used was "Action" (Sakata Seed). What was seed | inoculated to the urethane culture medium and was raised for 2 weeks by the well-known seedling raising method was used.
(Test conditions for hydroponics)
The seedlings of spinach grown were planted in an NFT hydroponic cultivation apparatus installed in a vinyl greenhouse, and cultivation was started separately for each test group and control group. In test groups 11 to 13, green light was irradiated, and in control group 7, no irradiation was performed. For this irradiation, a green fluorescent lamp installed in an NFT hydroponic cultivation apparatus was used.

  Irradiation of each section was performed in the dark (for example, 22:00 to 24:00) when sunlight and supplementary light were not applied to the spinach. This irradiation was performed at substantially the same time zone for each irradiation day.

In the test groups 11 to 13, the entire ground exposed portion of spinach is irradiated with green light, and the light irradiation intensity is 40 μmol / m ² / s (test group 11), 60 μmol / m ² / s (test group 12), 80 μmol. / M ² / s (test section 13), irradiation time: 2 hours / time, irradiation frequency: 1 time / 3 days.

Other cultivation conditions were the same in the test groups 11 to 13 and the control group 7 such as a cultivation temperature of 10 to 25 ° C. and a natural day length, and the known NFT hydroponic method was followed.
(Survey item)
During the cultivation period, in each section (10 strains), a growth survey (plant height, stock diameter, root length, above-ground weight) and component analysis in leaves (vitamin C, total polyphenol) were conducted.
(result)
Hydroponics was performed while irradiating green leaf light to spinach (spinach), and the effect on growth was examined.

  FIG. 7 shows the effect of green light irradiation on the growth of spinach.

As shown to FIG. 7 (A), growth was accelerated | stimulated and the plant height increased significantly in the test sections 11-13 which irradiated green light 40-80micromol / m < ² > / s during cultivation. Moreover, as shown in FIG.7 (B), compared with non-irradiation, a stock diameter, a root length, and the above-ground part weight increased significantly by green light irradiation.

Moreover, the component analysis result of the spinach leaf was shown in FIG.7 (C). As shown in FIG. ^{7 (C), 40μmol / m} 2 / s, the green light irradiation of 80μmol ^{/ m} 2 ^/ s, the content of vitamin C and total polyphenols were increased.

  As a result of cultivating spinach while irradiating with green light, the growth was significantly promoted.

[Test 5-2]
Using a green LED rope light as a light source, a section where the rope light is installed at the stock and a section where the rope light is installed above the stock are provided, and the irradiation intensity is 5 to 40 μmol in the section where the rope light is installed at the stock. / M ² / s, in the section placed above the strain, growth investigation (ground fresh weight, stock diameter, plant height, roots, etc.) was conducted in the same manner as in Test 5 except that the irradiation intensity was 40 μmol / m ² / s. TTC activity) and quality survey (total polyphenol content, vitamin C, nitrate nitrogen content). In this test, the number of samples (n) was as shown in FIGS.

  The results are shown in FIG. 14 and FIG. As shown in FIGS. 14 (A) to (D), compared with no irradiation, green light irradiation increased the above-ground fresh weight, strain diameter, plant height, and TTC activity of roots. Moreover, as shown to FIG.15 (A)-(C), compared with non-irradiation, the amount of total polyphenol and vitamin C content increased, and the content of nitrate nitrogen fell by green light irradiation.

[Test 6]
Cultivation was performed while irradiating green light in rock wool cultivation using basil, and the effect of green light irradiation on growth and quality was investigated.
(material)
As a variety of basil used, “sweet basil” (Takii seedling) was used. What was seed | inoculated to the rock wool cube and was raised for about 4 weeks by the well-known seedling raising method was used.
(Test conditions for rock wool cultivation)
The grown basil seedlings were planted in a rock wool cultivation bed installed in a vinyl greenhouse, and cultivation was started. A green fluorescent lamp was used for green light irradiation.

  The green light irradiation in the test section was performed in the dark (for example, 22:00 to 24:00) when sunlight and supplementary light were not applied to basil. This irradiation was performed at substantially the same time zone for each irradiation day.

  The test group 14 was irradiated with green light, and the control group 8 was not irradiated. For this irradiation, a green fluorescent lamp installed on the cultivation bed was used.

In the test group 14, the whole basil was irradiated with green light, the light irradiation intensity was 80 μmol / m ² / s, the irradiation time was 2 hours / time, and the irradiation frequency was 1 time / 3 days.

Other cultivation conditions were the same in the test group 14 and the control group 8, such as a cultivation temperature of 10 to 25 ° C. and a natural day length, and followed a known rock wool cultivation method.
(Survey item)
The plant was cultivated for about 2 months after the planting, and in each group (6 strains), growth survey (main stem length, leaf area, stem diameter), leaf color survey and component analysis (vitamin C, total polyphenol) were conducted.
(Investigation result)
Rock wool was cultivated while irradiating basil with green light, and the influence on growth was investigated.

  FIGS. 8A and 8B show the influence of green light irradiation on the growth and quality of basil. In the test area irradiated with green light during cultivation, the growth was remarkably promoted, the leaf area was increased, and the vitamin C content in the leaf was also increased.

  In the test area irradiated with green light, the angle between the branches becomes larger, and more space is formed in the foliage, making it easier to incorporate sunlight into the stock.

[Test 7]
We cultivated rock wool using blue perilla while irradiating with green light, and investigated the effect of green light irradiation on growth and quality.
(material)
“Ooba” (Takii seedling) was used for the blue perilla varieties used. What was seed | inoculated to the rock wool cube and was raised for about 4 weeks by the well-known seedling raising method was used.
(Test conditions for rock wool cultivation)
The grown blue perilla seedlings were planted in a rock wool cultivation bed installed in a vinyl greenhouse, and cultivation was started. A green fluorescent lamp was used for green light irradiation.

  The green light irradiation in the test area was performed in the dark (for example, 22:00 to 24:00) when sunlight and supplementary light were not applied to the blue perilla. This irradiation was performed at substantially the same time zone for each irradiation day.

  The test group 15 was irradiated with green light, and the control group 9 was not irradiated. For this irradiation, a green fluorescent lamp installed on the cultivation bed was used.

In the test group 15, green light was irradiated to the whole blue perilla, the light irradiation intensity was 80 μmol / m ² / s, the irradiation time was 2 hours / time, and the irradiation frequency was 1 time / 3 days.

Other cultivation conditions were the same in the test group 15 and the control group 9 such as a cultivation temperature of 10 to 25 ° C. and a natural day length, and the known rock wool cultivation method was followed.
(Survey item)
The plants were cultivated for about 2 months after planting, and the growth survey (stem diameter, leaf area) and leaf color survey were conducted in each group (6 strains).
(Investigation result)
Rock wool cultivation was performed while irradiating green perilla with green light, and the influence on growth was investigated.

  Table 8 in FIGS. 9A and 9B shows the influence of green light irradiation on the growth and quality of blue perilla. In the test section 15 irradiated with green light during cultivation, the growth was remarkably promoted and the leaf area increased.

[Test 7-2]
In the same manner as in Test 7, the effect of green light irradiation on the activity of the roots of plantain was investigated. The result is shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 16, it was found that the TTC activity of the roots was increased by green light irradiation as compared with non-irradiation.

[Test 7-3]
Except for using a green LED rope light as a light source, with an irradiation intensity of an average value of 7.5 μmol / m ² / s, an irradiation time of 5 hours (18:00 to 23:00), and daily irradiation, the same as in Test 7, The effect of green light irradiation on the growth of barley was investigated. In this test, the number of samples (n) was 6.

  The result is shown in FIG. As shown in FIGS. 17 (A) and 17 (B), green light irradiation increases leaf area, number of side branches, number of main branch nodes, ground fresh weight, and root TTC activity, as compared to no irradiation, and promotes growth. The effect was obtained.

[Test 7-4]
In a vinyl greenhouse, with an irradiation intensity of 0.8 μmol / m ² / s and an irradiation time of 1 to 2 hours, green light is radiated daily to green grass (Kohoku native species), and green light irradiation affects the growth and quality of the grass. The effect of was investigated. A green LED bulb was used for the green light irradiation. As the above-mentioned mackerel, the one grown by the conventional soil cultivation method by the mackerel producer was used.

  As a comparative example, an incandescent lamp was used instead of the green LED bulb, and the influence on growth and quality was investigated.

  The survey results are shown in FIGS. As shown in FIGS. 18 (A) to 18 (C), the number of main branches, stem diameter, and number of side branches are increased and the growth is promoted by irradiation with green light as compared with the case where an incandescent lamp is used. all right.

  Moreover, in FIG. 19, (A) is vitamin C content, (B) is total polyphenol content, (C) is nitrate nitrogen content, (D) is phosphoric acid content, (E) is potassium content. It is a result. As shown in the figure, the contents of vitamin C, total polyphenols, phosphoric acid, and potassium were all increased by irradiation with green light as compared with the case of using an incandescent lamp. In addition, as shown in the figure, nitrate nitrogen was reduced by green light irradiation compared to incandescent lamps.

[Test 7-5]
Except that the irradiation light intensity was set to 0.8 μmol / m ² / s, the effect of green light irradiation on the gloss of the leaves of barn was investigated in the same manner as in Test 7-4. The result is shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 20, as compared with an incandescent lamp, the gloss of the leaf was increased by the green light irradiation, and the quality improvement effect was obtained.

[Test 8]
In a vinyl greenhouse, the irradiation intensity is 5 to 40 μmol / m ² / s, the irradiation time is 2 hours at night, the irradiation frequency is once every 3 days, and the green light is changed to Sungiku (Nakaha Shungiku, manufactured by Takii Seed Co., Ltd.), green onions (Duckhead) Green onions, made by Nakahara Seed Co., Ltd., bees (white stem three leaves (Kansai), Takii Seed Co., Ltd.), rocket salad (rocket, Takii Seed Co., Ltd.), ground parsley (Grand Parsley, Takii Seed Stock) Company) and Italian parsley (Italian parsley, manufactured by Takii Seed Co., Ltd.), and the effects on growth and quality were investigated. Each said target plant used what was raised by the method of NFT hydroponics. In this study, the number of samples (n) was 6 in the growth survey, and n = 5 for sengoku and honey, n = 6 for leek, n = 10 for rocket salad, Italian parsley and ground in the quality survey. Parsley was set to n = 7.

  The results are shown in FIGS. As shown in FIG. 21, compared with non-irradiation, the fresh weight of the above-ground part increased by green light irradiation. Moreover, as shown in FIG. 22, compared with non-irradiation, the amount of total polyphenols increased in sengoku and honeybee by green light irradiation, and the vitamin C content increased in leek, rocket salad, grand parsley, and Italian parsley. .

  From the above, if the leaf vegetables are irradiated with green light in the dark, the content of the functional components of the leaf vegetables can be increased, and the growth of leaves and stems can be improved. Moreover, since irradiation for a short time is sufficient, it does not change the day length irradiation conditions of the growing leafy vegetables.

  As mentioned above, although the cultivation method of the leaf vegetables which concerns on this invention has been demonstrated based on embodiment and an Example, it is not restricted to these embodiment and an Example, The invention which concerns on each claim of a claim Modifications and additions are allowed without departing from the gist of the above.

According to the present invention, the content of functional components such as vitamins and polyphenols in leafy vegetables can be increased without changing the day length irradiation conditions of growing leafy vegetables. Therefore, the present invention can be effectively used, for example, in the production of leafy vegetables, but its application is not limited and can be used in a wide field.

Claims (6)

A method for producing leafy vegetables,
An irradiation step of irradiating only green light to the leaf vegetables under dark conditions, and a dark step of not irradiating the leaf vegetables under dark conditions at least before or after the irradiation step ,
Wherein the irradiation step the actual Hodokosuru ratio is the ratio of 1-7 times a single fraction or week 1-7 days, by the irradiation step, characterized by increasing the functional components of the leaf vegetables leaf vegetables Production method. ^{2. The} method for producing leafy vegetables according to claim 1, wherein in the irradiation step, the irradiation intensity is in the range of 0.1 to 200 μmol / m ² / s, and the irradiation time is 1 to 5 hours. The method for producing leafy vegetables according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the darkening step is 1 hour or longer. Leafy vegetables method of producing according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the irradiation step be a multiple times real Hodokosuru. The method for producing leafy vegetables according to any one of claims 1 to 4 , wherein the functional component contains at least one of polyphenol and vitamin C. The method for producing leafy vegetables according to any one of claims 1 to 5 , wherein nitrate nitrogen of the leafy vegetables is reduced by the irradiation step.