WO2020067266A1 - Kale cultivation method and salad - Google Patents

Kale cultivation method and salad Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2020067266A1
WO2020067266A1 PCT/JP2019/037814 JP2019037814W WO2020067266A1 WO 2020067266 A1 WO2020067266 A1 WO 2020067266A1 JP 2019037814 W JP2019037814 W JP 2019037814W WO 2020067266 A1 WO2020067266 A1 WO 2020067266A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
kale
light
cultivation
salad
irradiation
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2019/037814
Other languages
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
堯 居
Original Assignee
昭和電工株式会社
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 昭和電工株式会社 filed Critical 昭和電工株式会社
Publication of WO2020067266A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020067266A1/en

Links

Images

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/15—Leaf crops, e.g. lettuce or spinach 
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00—Botany in general
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L19/00—Products from fruits or vegetables; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L35/00—Food or foodstuffs not provided for in groups A23L5/00 – A23L33/00; Preparation or treatment thereof

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for cultivating kale and a salad. More specifically, the present invention relates to a kale cultivation method capable of efficiently cultivating a kale for salad in a plant factory, and a salad containing kale obtained by the cultivation method.
  • Kale (Brassicaceae) is a kind of cabbage, close to the original cabbage, with strong bitterness and a unique aroma. Kale has high nutritional value and is said to be good for maintaining beautiful skin and health. Kale is mainly used as a raw material for green juice in Japan. In recent years, in Japan, the use of kale mixed with other salad vegetables and used as salad has begun to spread. However, conventional varieties cultivated in the open field for green juice have thick leaves and are not necessarily suitable for salads.
  • Vegetables used in salads at restaurants and the like are preferred because they can reduce the time and effort required for cooking, and therefore have less insect and bacterial adhesion. Vegetables grown in plant factories are suitable for such uses.
  • Non-Patent Document 1 The method of cultivating kale in a plant factory is reported in Non-Patent Document 1 and the like.
  • a cultivation method using red LED and blue LED by simultaneous irradiation of red light and blue light to the kale is reported, and the edible portion ratio of the kale is increased by the simultaneous irradiation, and the kale is efficiently cultivated. It is reported that can be grown.
  • Non-Patent Document 1 ⁇ ⁇ Kale obtained by the method described in Non-Patent Document 1 was not suitable for salads because the leaves became thicker. Further, in the cultivation method of Patent Document 1, no study has been made on a specific plant suitable for a specific use.
  • the present invention provides a method for cultivating kale, in which kale suitable for salad can be cultivated, and in particular, leaf thickness equivalent to kale cultivar improved for salad. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for cultivating kale efficiently with the edible portion ratio as high as possible.
  • the present inventors have conducted intensive studies on the above problems, and as a result, by irradiating the kale with red light and blue light under specific conditions, there is a case where the kale improved for salad is not used.
  • the present inventors have found that a kale suitable for salad can be cultivated, which has a leaf thickness equivalent to that of kale cultivated for salad and has a high edible portion ratio, and completed the present invention.
  • a step (c) of simultaneously irradiating the kale with red light and blue light from a light source may be included before or after the step (a) or the step (b), and the irradiation time of the step (c) may be included.
  • kale having a leaf thickness equivalent to that of a commercially available kale for salad can be obtained, so that kale suitable for salad can be cultivated.
  • the edible portion of kale can be increased, the amount of non-edible portions such as stems removed during processing can be reduced, that is, the edible portion ratio can be increased, Since the rate can be improved, it is possible to efficiently cultivate high-quality salad kale with less waste.
  • FIG. 1 is a view of a cultivation shelf of a strain (kale) as viewed from above.
  • open circles and black circles indicate the cultivation position of the strain (kale) on the cultivation shelf
  • black circles indicate the cultivation position of the strain (kale) used for the measurement.
  • the present invention includes a step (a) of irradiating a kale with red light from a light source and a step (b) of irradiating a kale with blue light from a light source, wherein the irradiation time of each step is 3 hours or more and less than 48 hours.
  • This is a method of cultivating kale in which each step is performed alternately and continuously.
  • the kale in the present invention is a biennial plant belonging to the genus Brassica belonging to the genus Brassica oleraea var. acephala plant.
  • the type of kale is not particularly limited. It may be kale that has been specially bred for salads, or kale that is commonly used. Examples of the kale include juicy green at Masuda Seed, Samba Carnival, and green kale at Nakahara Seed. Among them, samba carnival and green kale are varieties for raw eating, and are preferable in that they have soft leaves, low bitterness, and are easy to eat.
  • the leaves are equivalent to commercially available kale cultivated for salad.
  • the kale thus grown can be suitably used for salads. Whether it is suitable for salad or not can be confirmed by sensory evaluation by tasting after cooking as salad. Even if it is carried out on kale that has been specially improved for salad, it is possible to obtain kale with a large amount of edible parts with high energy efficiency.
  • ⁇ ⁇ Kale for salad is generally said to have a leaf thickness of preferably 0.3 mm to 0.5 mm.
  • the thickness of the leaf of a normal kale is 0.6 mm to 0.9 mm.
  • leaf thickness is evaluated using leaf dry weight per leaf area (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “LMA”).
  • LMA leaf dry weight per leaf area
  • the LMA can compare leaf thicknesses with little variation due to measurement conditions.
  • the LMA can be calculated, for example, by the method of the embodiment described later.
  • the light source of red light and blue light used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it emits a wavelength range used in a process described later, but an artificial light source that can easily select a wavelength is preferable.
  • the artificial light source include a light emitting diode (LED), a laser diode (LD), an electroluminescent (EL) element, a straight tube and compact fluorescent lamp, a bulb-shaped fluorescent lamp, a high-pressure discharge lamp, a metal halide lamp, and the like.
  • LED light emitting diode
  • LD laser diode
  • EL electroluminescent
  • a straight tube and compact fluorescent lamp a straight tube and compact fluorescent lamp
  • a bulb-shaped fluorescent lamp a high-pressure discharge lamp
  • metal halide lamp and the like.
  • it is preferable to use an LED because it can emit light having a large proportion of light energy in the effective wavelength range.
  • light sources used in the following steps (a), (b) and (c) are artificial light sources.
  • the cultivation of kale having a certain quality can be easily controlled in a plant factory or the like.
  • during the cultivation period refers to a period from immediately after sowing of kale seeds or immediately after planting seedlings to harvest.
  • the light source is preferably capable of turning on and off the red light and the blue light separately and independently. Further, the red light source and the blue light source are preferably capable of controlling the intensity of the red light and the blue light emitted from the light source by adjusting the magnitude of the supplied current.
  • the intensity of red light and blue light can be calculated from the average of the values measured at each cultivation position on the cultivation surface using a photon meter (for example, LI-250A (LI-COR)).
  • the light amount (intensity) of the red light and the blue light in the steps (a), (b) and (c) is within the range of the light saturation point and the light compensation point when the plant effectively performs photosynthesis.
  • the photosynthetic photon flux density (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “PPFD”) of the irradiated red light and blue light is 30 to 400 ⁇ mol / (m 2 ⁇ s), preferably 60 to 350 ⁇ mol, respectively. / (M 2 ⁇ s), particularly preferably 70 to 300 ⁇ mol / (m 2 ⁇ s).
  • ⁇ Light irradiation> The initiation of light irradiation of the present invention on kale is usually carried out on kale seedlings that have been germinated and grown for 13 to 17 days. After the seedlings are raised, they are planted and cultivated until harvest. Steps (a) and (b) and optional step (c) are usually performed for 13 to 18 days after raising the seedlings.
  • Step (a) is a step of irradiating red light from the light source to the kale.
  • the wavelength of the red light is preferably from 600 nm to 730 nm. It is preferable that the center wavelength is 640 nm or more and 680 nm or less in terms of high efficiency in photosynthetic reaction, and particularly in that the effect of improving the growth rate is large.
  • the center wavelength is more preferably 645 nm or more and 670 nm or less.
  • the red light irradiated in the step (a) may include light in a wavelength range different from the above wavelength range, but does not include blue light described later.
  • the step (a) is performed a plurality of times, and the time for irradiating the kale with red light is such that a kale having a leaf thickness equivalent to that of a commercially available product can be obtained, and a sufficient growth promoting effect can be obtained.
  • the irradiation time per one step (a) is preferably from 3 hours to less than 48 hours, more preferably from 6 hours to less than 24 hours, and still more preferably from 6 hours to less than 12 hours.
  • the step (a) is performed a plurality of times, but the center wavelength may be arbitrarily changed within the above-mentioned wavelength range each time. Further, the irradiation time may be arbitrarily changed within the above irradiation time. By doing so, it becomes easier to control the amount of accumulated light per day given to the kale, and kale having a certain quality can be grown.
  • Step (b) is a step of irradiating the kale with blue light from a light source.
  • the wavelength of blue light is preferably from 400 nm to 515 nm in center wavelength. It is preferable that the center wavelength is 430 nm or more and 470 nm or less in terms of high efficiency for photosynthetic reaction, and particularly in that the effect of improving the growth rate is large.
  • the center wavelength is more preferably 440 nm or more and 460 nm or less.
  • the blue light irradiated in the step (b) may include light in a wavelength range different from the above wavelength range, but does not include the red light.
  • the step (b) is performed a plurality of times, and the irradiation time of the blue light on the kale is, for the same reason as in the step (a), the irradiation time per step (b) is 3 hours or more. It is preferably less than 48 hours, more preferably from 6 hours to less than 24 hours, and still more preferably from 6 hours to less than 12 hours.
  • the step (b) is performed a plurality of times, but the center wavelength may be arbitrarily changed within the above-mentioned wavelength range each time. Further, the irradiation time may be arbitrarily changed within the above irradiation time. By doing so, it becomes easier to control the amount of accumulated light per day given to the kale, and kale having a certain quality can be grown.
  • Step (c) In the cultivation method of the present invention, in addition to the step (a) and the step (b), the step (c) of simultaneously irradiating the kale with red light and blue light can reduce the edible portion ratio and the leaf blade ratio. It is preferable in terms of increasing.
  • the wavelengths of the red light and the blue light in the step (c) are the same as the wavelengths in the steps (a) and (b), respectively.
  • step (c) is preferably performed a plurality of times in order to increase the edible portion ratio and the leaf blade ratio of kale.
  • Step (c) can be performed between step (a) and step (b), and may be performed after step (a) and before step (b), or after step (b). , Before step (a).
  • the total time of simultaneously irradiating the kale with red light and blue light is the total time of the red light irradiation time of the step (a) and the blue light irradiation time of the step (b).
  • ⁇ Time of simultaneous irradiation of red light and blue light (step (c)): [time of irradiation of red light (step (a)) + time of irradiation of blue light (step (b)]] ⁇ , 1: 6 to 3: 1 is preferable in that the edible portion ratio and the leaf blade ratio can be increased while the leaves are still thin, and the ratio is more preferably 1: 5 to 1: 1. Within the above range, the edible portion ratio can be increased, and the leaf does not become thick, so that kale suitable for salad is obtained.
  • the “total time” is the total time during the cultivation period of kale.
  • step (a) and the step (b) are performed alternately, but the step (a) may be first or the step (b) may be first.
  • step (c) may be provided before or after step (a) or step (b).
  • kale suitable for salad can be grown by performing the above cycle a plurality of times.
  • each step was performed in the order of step (a-1) ⁇ step (b-1) ⁇ step (a-2) ⁇ step (b-2) ⁇ step (a-3) ⁇ .
  • each of the “step (a-1) and step (b-1)” and the “step (a-2) and step (b-2)” constitute one cycle.
  • step (a-1) ⁇ step (c-1) ⁇ step (b-1) ⁇ step (a-2) ⁇ step (c-2) ⁇ step (b-2) ) ⁇ step (a-3) ⁇ ...
  • step (a-1), step (c-1) and step (b-1) “constitutes one cycle.
  • Step (a-1) ⁇ Step (c-1) ⁇ Step (b-1) ⁇ Step (c-2) ⁇ Step (a-2) ⁇ Step (c-3) ⁇ Step
  • Step (a-3) ⁇ ..., “Step (a-1), step (c-1) ), Step (b-1) and step (c-2) "and” step (a-2), step (c-3), step (b-2) and step (c-4) " Cycle.
  • step (a-1) ⁇ step (b-1) ⁇ step (c-1) ⁇ step (a-2) ⁇ step (b-2) ⁇ step (c-2) ⁇ step (
  • step (a-1), step (b-1) and step (c-1)”, “step (a- 2), step (b-2)) and step (c-2) "each constitute one cycle.
  • each cycle may be performed randomly.
  • the step of not irradiating the kale with light may be provided before or after the steps (a), (b) and (c) and at any timing during each step.
  • the time of the step of not irradiating light is the time of not irradiating light: the total light irradiation time (total of the light irradiation time in steps (a), (b) and (c)) is 1: 3 to 1: 23 is preferable in view of the growth of kale.
  • the said ratio is the said ratio throughout the cultivation period of this invention, and it is preferable that it is the said ratio also in the said 1 cycle.
  • the above steps are preferably performed until the kale becomes a size suitable for harvesting.
  • kale when kale is cultivated by completely closed artificial irradiation, it takes 28 to 33 days after sowing until it grows to a size suitable for a normal size salad with a plant height of about 30 cm. It takes 13 to 18 days from the start of planting later.
  • the integrated amount of light per day given to the plant by light irradiation is represented by Daily Light Integrated (DLI; unit is mol / (m 2 ⁇ day)).
  • the DLI can be calculated, for example, by the sum of “PPFD ⁇ irradiation time / irradiation days” of each wavelength of the irradiation light.
  • the DLI in the step (c) is a value obtained by summing the respective DLIs for the blue light and the red light.
  • the economics of plant cultivation are related to the length of time required for cultivation and the DLI required for growth.
  • the cultivation method of the present invention can reach the harvest size when the cultivation period is fixed, despite relatively little energy.
  • the non-edible portion can be reduced.
  • the edible portion can have an improved leaf blade ratio. As a result, the portion of the salad to be discarded at the time of cooking is reduced, and the leaf portion of the salad is increased, which is important in increasing the commercial value of the salad kale.
  • the DLI ratio of the red light and the blue light in the steps (a), (b) and (c) can be arbitrarily set, but is in the range of about 1:20 to 20: 1 for “red light: blue light”. Is preferable, and 1: 3 to 3: 1 is particularly preferable. Further, the light amounts of the red light source and the blue light source may be changed within the above range.
  • “red light: blue light” means 20: 1, 1:20, 10: 1, 1:10, 4: 1, 1: 4, 3: 1, 1: 3, 2: 1, 1: 2. , 5: 3, 3: 5, 1: 1 and so on.
  • the edible portion refers to a part of the leaf blade and petiole of the leaf.
  • the non-edible portion is a stem mainly at other portions.
  • the edible portion ratio is the ratio of the total leaf fresh weight to the above-ground fresh weight.
  • Leaf blade rate is the leaf length divided by leaf length.
  • the edible portion ratio of the commercially available salad kale is around 60% to 80% and the leaf blade ratio is 50% to 60%.
  • the edible portion ratio and leaf blade ratio can be obtained.
  • the LMA of the kale for salad cultivated by the cultivation method of the present invention is preferably from 13 to 28 g / m 2 .
  • LMA is more than 28 g / m 2 , the texture is poor when eaten as a salad, and when LMA is less than 13 g / m 2 , handling during harvesting or processing becomes difficult.
  • LMA is more preferably 15 to 25 g / m 2 from the viewpoint of good texture and easy handling.
  • Kale cultivated for green juice usually has an LMA of 30 to 40 g / m 2 .
  • kale cultivation methods include hydroponic cultivation, spray cultivation, and solid culture cultivation. Hydroponics is preferred in terms of hygiene, ease of fertilization and management.
  • the temperature of the nutrient solution supplied to the cultivation pool is preferably from 10 ° C to 30 ° C, more preferably from 18 ° C to 28 ° C, and even more preferably from 20 ° C to 23 ° C.
  • the temperature is within the liquid temperature, it is possible to prevent the nutrient absorption of the root of the plant from being impaired and the growth from being significantly deteriorated.
  • the control of the nutrient solution is generally carried out by controlling the concentration of the nutrient solution by an electric conductivity (EC; Electric Conductivity), and is used as a measure of the nutrient solution concentration. If the EC is too high, it may cause morphological abnormalities due to overnutrition and a decrease in growth due to osmotic stress in the root zone. Therefore, in the present invention, the EC is preferably from 1.3 dS / m to 2.8 dS / m, and more preferably from 1.5 dS / m to 2.0 dS / m. From the viewpoint of promoting the growth of kale, it is preferable to grow the kale under the condition of pH 5.5 or more and 6.5 or less.
  • EC Electric Conductivity
  • the cultivation room temperature is a temperature at which common plants are hydroponically cultivated, preferably from 10 ° C to 30 ° C, more preferably from 15 ° C to 25 ° C, even more preferably from 20 ° C to 23 ° C.
  • the relative humidity in the cultivation room is a relative humidity at which common plants are cultivated in hydroponics, and is preferably 40% or more and 90% or less, more preferably 50% or more and 80% or less, and even more preferably 65% or more and 75% or less.
  • the relative humidity in the plant community is preferably maintained at 50% or more and 95% or less, more preferably 60% or more and 80% or less, and further preferably 65% or more and 75% or less.
  • the kale strain density should be between 35 strains / m 2 and 80 strains / m 2 are more preferred, and 50 strains / m 2 to 80 strains / m 2 are even more preferred.
  • the cultivation surface here means a minimum square or rectangular area on the surface of a cultivation tray or the like on which the cultivated strain is placed, in which the entire strain can be accommodated.
  • the concentration of carbon dioxide is preferably 400 volppm or more and 1600 volppm or less from the viewpoint of economy and favorable influence on growth. It is more preferably 600 volppm or more and 1400 volppm or less, and still more preferably 700 volppm or more and 1300 volppm or less. If it is too low, growth may be reduced due to lack of nutrition.
  • the salad of the present invention includes kale cultivated by the above-described kale cultivation method. Since the kale obtained by the above-described cultivation method has a leaf thickness equivalent to that of a commercially available salad kale, even a kale of a variety other than the salad kale can be suitably used as one of the salad ingredients. it can.
  • Example 1 Cultivation of kale according to step (a) and step (b) Seedlings of green kale (Nakahara Seed), which were bred for 15 days from sowing by the above method, were planted in a cultivation shelf and 31 days after sowing. Cultivated (16 days after planting).
  • the pH was set at 6.0, the nutrient solution temperature was set at 22 ° C., and 28 plants were planted at a plant interval of 15 cm (strain density 36.5 strains / m 2 ).
  • a red LED (center wavelength: 660 nm, HRP-350F manufactured by Showa Denko) and a blue LED (center wavelength: 450 nm, GA2PT450G manufactured by Showa Denko) were used as light sources.
  • step (a) irradiation of red light using a red LED
  • step (b) irradiation of blue light using a blue LED
  • the PPFD was 200 ⁇ mol / (m 2 ⁇ s), and the continuous irradiation time was set to 12 hours.
  • the continuous irradiation time was set to 12 hours at a PPFD of 70 ⁇ mol / (m 2 ⁇ s).
  • the PPFD was measured using an optical quantum meter LI-250A manufactured by LI-COR.
  • the above-ground fresh weight, plant height, stem length, leaf height, and total leaf fresh weight were measured for each of 10 kale plants that reached the harvest size on the 16th day after planting.
  • a portion of the largest leaf was cut off using a cork borer.
  • the fresh weight of the cut portion and the fresh weight of the largest leaf after cutting were measured.
  • the largest leaves after cutting were placed in a heat-resistant container, dried in an oven for 24 hours, and the dry weight was measured.
  • the dry matter ratio was determined from the ratio between the dry weight of the largest leaf after cutting and the fresh weight.
  • the above measurement was performed by selecting strains (black circles in FIG. 1) that are hardly affected by light from the outside of the cultivation shelf and are located near the center of the cultivation shelf.
  • the edible portion ratio was calculated from the total fresh weight of the leaves / the fresh weight of the above-ground portion ⁇ 100% for each of the 10 strains.
  • the edible portion fresh weight per DLI was calculated from the above-mentioned above-ground portion fresh weight x edible portion ratio / DLI.
  • Example 2 Cultivation 1 of kale including step (c) between step (a) and step (b) The procedure was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the light irradiation conditions after planting were changed as described below.
  • the light irradiation includes step (a) (irradiation of red light using a red LED), step (c) (irradiation of red light and blue light using a red LED and a blue LED) and step (b) (irradiation of a blue LED). (Irradiation of the used blue light) was repeatedly and continuously performed.
  • the PPFD was 200 ⁇ mol / (m 2 ⁇ s), and the continuous irradiation time was set to 10 hours.
  • the continuous irradiation time was set to 10 hours with PPFD of 70 ⁇ mol / (m 2 ⁇ s).
  • the continuous irradiation time was set to 4 hours at a PPFD of 270 ⁇ mol / (m 2 ⁇ s).
  • the red light was irradiated at 200 ⁇ mol / (m 2 ⁇ s) by the PPFD, and the blue light was irradiated at 70 ⁇ mol / (m 2 ⁇ s) by the PPFD.
  • Example 3 Cultivation 2 of kale including step (c) between step (a) and step (b) The procedure was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the light irradiation conditions after planting were changed as described below.
  • the light irradiation includes step (a) (irradiation of red light using a red LED), step (c) (irradiation of red light and blue light using a red LED and a blue LED) and step (b) (irradiation of a blue LED). (Irradiation of the used blue light) was repeatedly and continuously performed.
  • step (a) PPFD was set to 200 ⁇ mol / (m 2 ⁇ s), and the continuous irradiation time was set to 6 hours.
  • step (b) the continuous irradiation time was set to 6 hours at a PPFD of 70 ⁇ mol / (m 2 ⁇ s).
  • step (c) the continuous irradiation time was set to 12 hours at a PPFD of 270 ⁇ mol / (m 2 ⁇ s).
  • the red light was irradiated at 200 ⁇ mol / (m 2 ⁇ s) by the PPFD, and the blue light was irradiated at 70 ⁇ mol / (m 2 ⁇ s) by the PPFD.
  • Example 1 Cultivation of kale by simultaneous irradiation of red light and blue light The same procedure as in Example 1 was carried out except that the light irradiation conditions after planting were changed as described below.
  • step (c) irradiation of red light and blue light using a red LED and a blue LED.
  • step (c) PPFD was 270 ⁇ mol / (m 2 ⁇ s), and the continuous irradiation time was set to 16 days.
  • the red light was irradiated at 200 ⁇ mol / (m 2 ⁇ s) by the PPFD, and the blue light was irradiated at 70 ⁇ mol / (m 2 ⁇ s) by the PPFD.
  • Example 2 Commercial Salad Kale Comparative Example 2 uses a commercially available salad kale (Masuda Seed Plant), and uses the same method as in Example 1, except that the above-ground fresh weight, plant height, stem length, leaf height, total leaf fresh weight and The dry weight was measured, and the dry ratio, LMA and edible portion ratio were calculated.
  • the commercial salad kale used was a kale that was specially bred for salads.
  • Example 1 shows the average values of 10 samples in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2.
  • Table 2 shows the edible portion ratio, the average value of the edible portion fresh weight, and the like, the edible portion evaluation, and the like determined for each of the 10 samples.
  • the stem length is greatly shortened, and the edible portion ratio is about 10% with respect to the exposed one. And the leaf blade ratio increased by about 10%. Thereby, when cooking as a salad, the amount of waste is reduced. Such properties lead to an increase in the commercial value of kale when sold as kale for salads for each household.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Nutrition Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Ecology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kale cultivation method whereby kale suitable for salads can be cultivated. The kale cultivation method according to the present invention comprises step (a) for irradiating kale with red light from a light source and step (b) for irradiating the kale with blue light from a light source, wherein each irradiation time is from 3 hours or longer and shorter than 48 hours independently in the steps and the steps are alternately performed.

Description

ケールの栽培方法およびサラダKale cultivation method and salad
　本発明は、ケールの栽培方法およびサラダに関する。より詳細には、サラダ用ケールを植物工場にて、効率的に栽培することが可能なケールの栽培方法、および該栽培方法により得られたケールを含むサラダに関する。 The present invention relates to a method for cultivating kale and a salad. More specifically, the present invention relates to a kale cultivation method capable of efficiently cultivating a kale for salad in a plant factory, and a salad containing kale obtained by the cultivation method.
　ケール（アブラナ科）はキャベツの一種であり、キャベツの原種に近く、強い苦みと独特の香りがある。ケールは栄養価が高く、美肌や健康維持にも良いと言われている。ケールは、日本では主に青汁の原料として使われる。近年、日本でも、ケールを他のサラダ用野菜と混ぜ合わせ、サラダとして利用することが広まり始めている。しかし、従来の青汁用に露地で栽培される品種は、葉が厚く、サラダ用には必ずしも適しているとは言えない。 Kale (Brassicaceae) is a kind of cabbage, close to the original cabbage, with strong bitterness and a unique aroma. Kale has high nutritional value and is said to be good for maintaining beautiful skin and health. Kale is mainly used as a raw material for green juice in Japan. In recent years, in Japan, the use of kale mixed with other salad vegetables and used as salad has begun to spread. However, conventional varieties cultivated in the open field for green juice have thick leaves and are not necessarily suitable for salads.
　一方、サラダ向けのケールの改良種も市販されている。しかし、寒冷期間での生育の低下、徒長による可食部率の低下、虫害、薬害等の、露地ものが従来もつ課題がある。 On the other hand, an improved variety of kale for salads is also on the market. However, there are conventional problems of the open-air ones, such as a decrease in growth during the cold period, a decrease in the edible portion ratio due to the length of the cultivated plant, insect damage, and chemical damage.
　飲食店などでサラダに使用される野菜は、調理時の手間が省けるため、虫や菌の付着が少ないものが好まれる。植物工場で栽培された野菜は、こうした用途に適している。 野菜 Vegetables used in salads at restaurants and the like are preferred because they can reduce the time and effort required for cooking, and therefore have less insect and bacterial adhesion. Vegetables grown in plant factories are suitable for such uses.
　植物工場におけるケールの栽培方法については、非特許文献１などで報告されている。該文献では、赤色のＬＥＤと青色のＬＥＤを用いた、ケールへの赤色光および青色光の同時照射による栽培法が報告され、該同時照射によりケールの可食部率が上がり、効率的にケールを栽培できると報告されている。 ケ ー The method of cultivating kale in a plant factory is reported in Non-Patent Document 1 and the like. In this document, a cultivation method using red LED and blue LED by simultaneous irradiation of red light and blue light to the kale is reported, and the edible portion ratio of the kale is increased by the simultaneous irradiation, and the kale is efficiently cultivated. It is reported that can be grown.
　植物工場で植物を効率よく栽培する方法として、赤色光と青色光を交互に連続して照射する栽培方法が知られている。特許文献１には、この方法が様々な植物に適用できることが報告されている。 栽培 As a method for efficiently cultivating plants in a plant factory, a cultivation method in which red light and blue light are alternately and continuously irradiated is known. Patent Document 1 reports that this method can be applied to various plants.
特許第５７２９７８６号公報Japanese Patent No. 5729786
　非特許文献１で記載された方法で得られたケールは、葉が厚くなるため、サラダ用には適していなかった。また、特許文献１の栽培方法では、特定の用途に適する特定の植物に関しては検討されていない。 ケ ー Kale obtained by the method described in Non-Patent Document 1 was not suitable for salads because the leaves became thicker. Further, in the cultivation method of Patent Document 1, no study has been made on a specific plant suitable for a specific use.
　以上のような状況のもと、本発明はサラダに適したケールを栽培することが可能な、ケールの栽培方法を提供すること、特に、サラダ用に品種改良されたケールと同等の葉の厚みを有し可食部率をできるだけ高くした状態でケールを効率よく栽培できる方法を提供することを目的とする。 Under the circumstances described above, the present invention provides a method for cultivating kale, in which kale suitable for salad can be cultivated, and in particular, leaf thickness equivalent to kale cultivar improved for salad. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for cultivating kale efficiently with the edible portion ratio as high as possible.
　本発明者らは、上記課題に対して鋭意検討した結果、ケールに対して赤色光と青色光を特定の条件で照射することで、サラダ用に品種改良されたケールを用いない場合であっても、サラダ用に品種改良されたケールと同等の葉の厚みを有し可食部率が高い、サラダ用に好適なケールが栽培できることを見出し、本発明を完成させた。 The present inventors have conducted intensive studies on the above problems, and as a result, by irradiating the kale with red light and blue light under specific conditions, there is a case where the kale improved for salad is not used. In addition, the present inventors have found that a kale suitable for salad can be cultivated, which has a leaf thickness equivalent to that of kale cultivated for salad and has a high edible portion ratio, and completed the present invention.
　すなわち、本発明は、以下のような事項を含む。
［１］　光源から赤色光をケールに照射する工程（ａ）と、光源から青色光をケールに照射する工程（ｂ）とを含み、各工程の照射時間がそれぞれ独立して一回当たり３時間以上４８時間未満であり、各工程を交互に行うケールの栽培方法。
［２］　光源から赤色光と青色光とを同時にケールに照射する工程（ｃ）を、前記工程（ａ）あるいは前記工程（ｂ）の前後に含むことがあり、前記工程（ｃ）の照射時間の合計と、前記工程（ａ）および前記工程（ｂ）の照射時間の合計との比が、１：６～３：１である、［１］に記載のケールの栽培方法。
［３］　収穫時におけるケールの葉面積当たりの葉乾物重が、１３～２８ｇ／ｍ2である、［１］または［２］に記載のケールの栽培方法。
［４］　収穫時におけるケールの可食部率が８０％～９０％である、［１］～［３］のいずれかに記載のケールの栽培方法。
［５］　前記栽培方法が水耕栽培である、［１］～［４］のいずれかに記載のケールの栽培方法。
［６］　栽培期間中に使用する光源が全て人工光源である、［１］～［５］のいずれかに記載のケールの栽培方法。
［７］　［１］～［６］のいずれかに記載の栽培方法で栽培したケールを含むサラダ。 That is, the present invention includes the following matters.
[1] A step (a) of irradiating the kale with red light from the light source and a step (b) of irradiating the kale with blue light from the light source, and the irradiation time of each step is independently 3 hours per time. A cultivation method of kale in which each step is alternately performed for at least 48 hours or less.
[2] A step (c) of simultaneously irradiating the kale with red light and blue light from a light source may be included before or after the step (a) or the step (b), and the irradiation time of the step (c) may be included. The cultivation method of kale according to [1], wherein the ratio of the total of the above and the total of the irradiation times of the step (a) and the step (b) is 1: 6 to 3: 1.
[3] The method for cultivating kale according to [1] or [2], wherein the leaf dry weight per leaf area of the kale at the time of harvest is 13 to 28 g / m 2 .
[4] The method for cultivating kale according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein the edible portion ratio of kale at the time of harvest is 80% to 90%.
[5] The method for cultivating kale according to any one of [1] to [4], wherein the cultivation method is hydroponics.
[6] The method for cultivating kale according to any one of [1] to [5], wherein all light sources used during the cultivation period are artificial light sources.
[7] A salad containing kale cultivated by the cultivation method according to any one of [1] to [6].
　本発明によれば、市販のサラダ用ケールと同等な葉の厚みを有するケールが得られるため、サラダ用に好適なケールが栽培できる。また、本発明によれば、ケールの可食部を多くできること、加工時に除去する茎等の非可食部の量を少なくできること、すなわち、可食部率を高くできること、可食部の葉身率を向上させることができることから、無駄が少ない高い品質のサラダ用ケールを効率的に栽培することができる。 According to the present invention, kale having a leaf thickness equivalent to that of a commercially available kale for salad can be obtained, so that kale suitable for salad can be cultivated. Further, according to the present invention, the edible portion of kale can be increased, the amount of non-edible portions such as stems removed during processing can be reduced, that is, the edible portion ratio can be increased, Since the rate can be improved, it is possible to efficiently cultivate high-quality salad kale with less waste.
図１は、株（ケール）の栽培棚を上から見た図である。図中、白丸および黒丸は栽培棚における株（ケール）の栽培位置を示し、黒丸は測定に使用した株（ケール）の栽培位置を示す。FIG. 1 is a view of a cultivation shelf of a strain (kale) as viewed from above. In the figure, open circles and black circles indicate the cultivation position of the strain (kale) on the cultivation shelf, and black circles indicate the cultivation position of the strain (kale) used for the measurement.
　本発明は、光源から赤色光をケールに照射する工程（ａ）と、光源から青色光をケールに照射する工程（ｂ）とを含み、各工程の照射時間が３時間以上４８時間未満であり、各工程を交互に連続して行うケールの栽培方法である。 The present invention includes a step (a) of irradiating a kale with red light from a light source and a step (b) of irradiating a kale with blue light from a light source, wherein the irradiation time of each step is 3 hours or more and less than 48 hours. This is a method of cultivating kale in which each step is performed alternately and continuously.
　以下、本発明のケールの栽培方法について詳細に説明する。 Hereinafter, the method for cultivating kale of the present invention will be described in detail.
　＜ケール＞
　本発明におけるケールとは、食用緑黄色野菜の一種であるアブラナ科アブラナ属の二年草で学名がＢｒａｓｓｉｃａ　ｏｌｅｒａｏｅａ　ｖａｒ．ａｃｅｐｈａｌａの植物を指す。ケールの種としては、特に限定は無い。サラダ用に特別に品種改良されたケールでもよいし、一般に用いられているケールでもよい。ケールとしては、例えば、増田採種場のジューシーグリーンや、サンバカーニバル、中原採種場のグリーンケールなどが挙げられる。このうち、サンバカーニバルとグリーンケールが、生食用の品種であり、葉が柔らかく、苦味が少なく、食べやすい点で好ましい。 <Kale>
The kale in the present invention is a biennial plant belonging to the genus Brassica belonging to the genus Brassica oleraea var. acephala plant. The type of kale is not particularly limited. It may be kale that has been specially bred for salads, or kale that is commonly used. Examples of the kale include juicy green at Masuda Seed, Samba Carnival, and green kale at Nakahara Seed. Among them, samba carnival and green kale are varieties for raw eating, and are preferable in that they have soft leaves, low bitterness, and are easy to eat.
　本発明による栽培方法を用いれば、サンバカーニバルとグリーンケール等のサラダ用に特別に品種改良されたケール以外のケールを栽培した場合でも、葉がサラダ用に品種改良された市販のケールと同等に、薄い状態で収穫状態に生育する。こうして生育したケールは、サラダ用に好適に用いることができる。サラダ用に好適であるかないかは、サラダとして調理した上での試食による官能評価で確認できる。仮に、サラダ用に特別に品種改良されたケールに実施した場合でも、エネルギー効率よく、可食部の多いケールを得ることができる。 By using the cultivation method according to the present invention, even when cultivating kale other than kale specially cultivated for salads such as samba carnival and green kale, the leaves are equivalent to commercially available kale cultivated for salad. Grows in a thin, harvested state. The kale thus grown can be suitably used for salads. Whether it is suitable for salad or not can be confirmed by sensory evaluation by tasting after cooking as salad. Even if it is carried out on kale that has been specially improved for salad, it is possible to obtain kale with a large amount of edible parts with high energy efficiency.
　サラダ用のケールは、葉の厚みとして、一般に０．３ｍｍ～０．５ｍｍのものが望ましいとされている。なお、通常のケールの葉の厚みは、０．６ｍｍ～０．９ｍｍである。しかし、葉の厚みは、測定時の状況、測定部位により変化する。このため、本発明では、葉の厚みを、葉面積あたりの葉乾物重（以下、「ＬＭＡ」という場合がある）を用いて評価する。ＬＭＡは測定時の状況による変動が少ない状態で、葉の厚さを比べることができる。ＬＭＡは、例えば、後述する実施例の方法により算出することができる。 ケ ー Kale for salad is generally said to have a leaf thickness of preferably 0.3 mm to 0.5 mm. The thickness of the leaf of a normal kale is 0.6 mm to 0.9 mm. However, the thickness of the leaf changes depending on the situation at the time of measurement and the measurement site. For this reason, in the present invention, leaf thickness is evaluated using leaf dry weight per leaf area (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “LMA”). The LMA can compare leaf thicknesses with little variation due to measurement conditions. The LMA can be calculated, for example, by the method of the embodiment described later.
　＜光源＞
　本発明で使用する赤色光および青色光の光源としては、後述する工程で使用される波長域を発するものであれば特に限定されないが、波長選択が容易である人工光源が好ましい。人工光源としては、例えば、発光ダイオード（ＬＥＤ）、レーザーダイオード（ＬＤ）、エレクトロルミネッセンス（ＥＬ）素子、直管形およびコンパクト形の蛍光ランプ、電球形蛍光ランプ、高圧放電ランプ、メタルハライドランプなどが挙げられる。このうち、有効波長域の光エネルギーの占める割合が大きい光を放射できる点で、ＬＥＤを用いることが好ましい。 <Light source>
The light source of red light and blue light used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it emits a wavelength range used in a process described later, but an artificial light source that can easily select a wavelength is preferable. Examples of the artificial light source include a light emitting diode (LED), a laser diode (LD), an electroluminescent (EL) element, a straight tube and compact fluorescent lamp, a bulb-shaped fluorescent lamp, a high-pressure discharge lamp, a metal halide lamp, and the like. Can be Among these, it is preferable to use an LED because it can emit light having a large proportion of light energy in the effective wavelength range.
　また、後述の工程（ａ）、（ｂ）および（ｃ）で使用される光源だけでなく、育苗時に使用する光源等の本発明の栽培方法による栽培期間中に使用する光源が、全て人工光源であることが、植物工場などにおいて、一定の品質を有するケールの栽培を制御しやすい点で好ましい。本発明において、栽培期間中とは、ケールの種子の播種直後から、または苗を植えた直後から、収穫までの期間を示す。 In addition, not only light sources used in the following steps (a), (b) and (c) but also light sources used during the cultivation period according to the cultivation method of the present invention, such as light sources used for raising seedlings, are artificial light sources. Is preferable in that the cultivation of kale having a certain quality can be easily controlled in a plant factory or the like. In the present invention, during the cultivation period refers to a period from immediately after sowing of kale seeds or immediately after planting seedlings to harvest.
　上記光源は、赤色光と青色光とを別個独立に点灯および消灯できるものが好ましい。また、赤色光の光源および青色光の光源は、それぞれ供給する電流の大きさを調節することにより、光源から照射される赤色光および青色光の強度を制御できるものが好ましい。 The light source is preferably capable of turning on and off the red light and the blue light separately and independently. Further, the red light source and the blue light source are preferably capable of controlling the intensity of the red light and the blue light emitted from the light source by adjusting the magnitude of the supplied current.
　赤色光および青色光の強度は、光量子計（例えば、ＬＩ－２５０Ａ（ＬＩ－ＣＯＲ社））を用いて栽培面の各栽培位置で測定した値の平均値から算出することができる。工程（ａ）、（ｂ）および（ｃ）における赤色光および青色光の光量（強度）は、一般的に植物が有効に光合成を行う時の光飽和点と光補償点の範囲内であれば、特に限定されない。例えば照射される赤色光および青色光の光合成光量子束密度（Ｐｈｏｔｏｓｙｎｔｈｅｔｉｃ　Ｐｈｏｔｏｎ　Ｆｌｕｘ　Ｄｅｎｓｉｔｙ：以下、「ＰＰＦＤ」という場合がある）は、それぞれ、３０～４００μｍｏｌ／（ｍ2・ｓ）、好ましくは６０～３５０μｍｏｌ／（ｍ2・ｓ）、特に好ましくは７０～３００μｍｏｌ／（ｍ2・ｓ）である。 The intensity of red light and blue light can be calculated from the average of the values measured at each cultivation position on the cultivation surface using a photon meter (for example, LI-250A (LI-COR)). In general, the light amount (intensity) of the red light and the blue light in the steps (a), (b) and (c) is within the range of the light saturation point and the light compensation point when the plant effectively performs photosynthesis. Is not particularly limited. For example, the photosynthetic photon flux density (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “PPFD”) of the irradiated red light and blue light is 30 to 400 μmol / (m 2 · s), preferably 60 to 350 μmol, respectively. / (M 2 · s), particularly preferably 70 to 300 μmol / (m 2 · s).
　＜光照射＞
　ケールに対する本発明の光照射の開始は、通常は発芽後、１３～１７日間育苗したケールの苗に対して行う。ケールは育苗後、定植をして収穫状態まで栽培する。なお、工程（ａ）および工程（ｂ）、並びに任意に行われる工程（ｃ）は、育苗後、通常は、１３～１８日間行われる。 <Light irradiation>
The initiation of light irradiation of the present invention on kale is usually carried out on kale seedlings that have been germinated and grown for 13 to 17 days. After the seedlings are raised, they are planted and cultivated until harvest. Steps (a) and (b) and optional step (c) are usually performed for 13 to 18 days after raising the seedlings.
　〔工程（ａ）〕
　工程（ａ）は、光源から赤色光をケールに照射する工程である。赤色光の波長は、中心波長６００ｎｍ以上７３０ｎｍ以下が好ましい。中心波長が６４０ｎｍ以上６８０ｎｍ以下であることが、光合成反応に対する効率が高く、特に成育速度の向上に効果が大きい点で好ましく、中心波長が６４５ｎｍ以上６７０ｎｍ以下であることがより好ましい。工程（ａ）で照射される赤色光は、上記波長域と異なる波長域の光を含んでもよいが、後述する青色光は含まない。 [Step (a)]
Step (a) is a step of irradiating red light from the light source to the kale. The wavelength of the red light is preferably from 600 nm to 730 nm. It is preferable that the center wavelength is 640 nm or more and 680 nm or less in terms of high efficiency in photosynthetic reaction, and particularly in that the effect of improving the growth rate is large. The center wavelength is more preferably 645 nm or more and 670 nm or less. The red light irradiated in the step (a) may include light in a wavelength range different from the above wavelength range, but does not include blue light described later.
　本発明では、工程（ａ）は複数回行われるが、赤色光をケールに照射する時間は、市販品と同等な葉の厚みを持つケールを得ることができ、さらに成長促進効果が十分に得られる点で、工程（ａ）一回当たりの照射時間は、３時間以上４８時間未満が好ましく、６時間以上２４時間未満がより好ましく、６時間以上１２時間未満がさらに好ましい。 In the present invention, the step (a) is performed a plurality of times, and the time for irradiating the kale with red light is such that a kale having a leaf thickness equivalent to that of a commercially available product can be obtained, and a sufficient growth promoting effect can be obtained. In view of this, the irradiation time per one step (a) is preferably from 3 hours to less than 48 hours, more preferably from 6 hours to less than 24 hours, and still more preferably from 6 hours to less than 12 hours.
　また、本発明では、工程（ａ）は複数回行われるが、その都度中心波長を上記波長域内で任意に変更してもよい。また、照射時間も上記照射時間内で任意に変更してもよい。そうすることで、ケールに与えられる１日あたりの積算光量を制御しやすくなり、一定の品質を有するケールを栽培できるようになる。 Also, in the present invention, the step (a) is performed a plurality of times, but the center wavelength may be arbitrarily changed within the above-mentioned wavelength range each time. Further, the irradiation time may be arbitrarily changed within the above irradiation time. By doing so, it becomes easier to control the amount of accumulated light per day given to the kale, and kale having a certain quality can be grown.
　〔工程（ｂ）〕
　工程（ｂ）は、光源から青色光をケールに照射する工程である。青色光の波長は、中心波長４００ｎｍ以上５１５ｎｍ以下が好ましい。中心波長が４３０ｎｍ以上４７０ｎｍ以下であることが、光合成反応に対する効率が高く、特に成育速度の向上に効果が大きい点で好ましく、中心波長が４４０ｎｍ以上４６０ｎｍ以下であることがより好ましい。工程（ｂ）で照射される青色光は、上記波長域と異なる波長域の光を含んでもよいが、上記赤色光は含まない。 [Step (b)]
Step (b) is a step of irradiating the kale with blue light from a light source. The wavelength of blue light is preferably from 400 nm to 515 nm in center wavelength. It is preferable that the center wavelength is 430 nm or more and 470 nm or less in terms of high efficiency for photosynthetic reaction, and particularly in that the effect of improving the growth rate is large. The center wavelength is more preferably 440 nm or more and 460 nm or less. The blue light irradiated in the step (b) may include light in a wavelength range different from the above wavelength range, but does not include the red light.
　本発明では、工程（ｂ）は複数回行われるが、青色光をケールに照射する時間は、工程（ａ）と同様の理由により、工程（ｂ）一回当たりの照射時間は、３時間以上４８時間未満が好ましく、６時間以上２４時間未満がより好ましく、６時間以上１２時間未満がさらに好ましい。 In the present invention, the step (b) is performed a plurality of times, and the irradiation time of the blue light on the kale is, for the same reason as in the step (a), the irradiation time per step (b) is 3 hours or more. It is preferably less than 48 hours, more preferably from 6 hours to less than 24 hours, and still more preferably from 6 hours to less than 12 hours.
　また、本発明では、工程（ｂ）は複数回行われるが、その都度中心波長を上記波長域内で任意に変更してもよい。また、照射時間も上記照射時間内で任意に変更してもよい。そうすることで、ケールに与えられる１日あたりの積算光量を制御しやすくなり、一定の品質を有するケールを栽培できるようになる。 Also, in the present invention, the step (b) is performed a plurality of times, but the center wavelength may be arbitrarily changed within the above-mentioned wavelength range each time. Further, the irradiation time may be arbitrarily changed within the above irradiation time. By doing so, it becomes easier to control the amount of accumulated light per day given to the kale, and kale having a certain quality can be grown.
　〔工程（ｃ）〕
　本発明の栽培方法において、工程（ａ）と工程（ｂ）に加えて、赤色光と青色光とを同時にケールに照射する工程（ｃ）を行うことが、可食部率および葉身率を高める点で好ましい。工程（ｃ）における赤色光と青色光の各波長は、工程（ａ）と工程（ｂ）の波長とそれぞれ同様である。本発明の栽培方法では、工程（ａ）あるいは工程（ｂ）の前後に工程（ｃ）を含むことが好ましい。 [Step (c)]
In the cultivation method of the present invention, in addition to the step (a) and the step (b), the step (c) of simultaneously irradiating the kale with red light and blue light can reduce the edible portion ratio and the leaf blade ratio. It is preferable in terms of increasing. The wavelengths of the red light and the blue light in the step (c) are the same as the wavelengths in the steps (a) and (b), respectively. In the cultivation method of the present invention, it is preferable to include the step (c) before and after the step (a) or the step (b).
　本発明では、工程（ｃ）は、複数回行われることが、ケールの可食部率および葉身率を高める点で好ましい。工程（ｃ）は、工程（ａ）と、工程（ｂ）との間で行うことができ、工程（ａ）の後、工程（ｂ）の前に行ってもよく、工程（ｂ）の後、工程（ａ）の前に行ってもよい。 で は In the present invention, the step (c) is preferably performed a plurality of times in order to increase the edible portion ratio and the leaf blade ratio of kale. Step (c) can be performed between step (a) and step (b), and may be performed after step (a) and before step (b), or after step (b). , Before step (a).
　工程（ｃ）における、ケールに対して赤色光と青色光とを同時に照射する時間の合計は、工程（ａ）の赤色光の照射時間と工程（ｂ）の青色光の照射時間の合計時間との比｛赤色光と青色光とを同時に照射する時間（工程（ｃ））：［赤色光を照射する時間（工程（ａ））＋青色光を照射する時間（工程（ｂ））］｝が、１：６～３：１であることが、葉が薄いままで可食部率および葉身率を高められる点で好ましく、１：５～１：１がより好ましい。前記範囲内であれば可食部率を高くすることができ、また葉が厚くなることが無く、サラダに適したケールが得られる。なお、前記の「合計時間」はケールの栽培期間中の合計時間である。 In the step (c), the total time of simultaneously irradiating the kale with red light and blue light is the total time of the red light irradiation time of the step (a) and the blue light irradiation time of the step (b). {Time of simultaneous irradiation of red light and blue light (step (c)): [time of irradiation of red light (step (a)) + time of irradiation of blue light (step (b)]]} , 1: 6 to 3: 1 is preferable in that the edible portion ratio and the leaf blade ratio can be increased while the leaves are still thin, and the ratio is more preferably 1: 5 to 1: 1. Within the above range, the edible portion ratio can be increased, and the leaf does not become thick, so that kale suitable for salad is obtained. The “total time” is the total time during the cultivation period of kale.
　本発明では、工程（ａ）と工程（ｂ）とを交互に行うが、工程（ａ）が先であってもよく、工程（ｂ）が先であってもよい。また、本発明では、工程（ａ）あるいは工程（ｂ）の前後に工程（ｃ）を有してもよい。 で は In the present invention, the step (a) and the step (b) are performed alternately, but the step (a) may be first or the step (b) may be first. In the present invention, step (c) may be provided before or after step (a) or step (b).
　本発明では、一回の工程（ａ）と工程（ｂ）とが行われ、次の工程（ａ）または工程（ｂ）が行われるまでを１サイクルとする。本発明では、前記サイクルを複数回行うことにより、サラダ用に適したケールを栽培することが可能である。 で は In the present invention, one cycle of the steps (a) and (b) is performed until the next step (a) or (b) is performed. In the present invention, kale suitable for salad can be grown by performing the above cycle a plurality of times.
　つまり、工程（ａ－１）→工程（ｂ－１）→工程（ａ－２）→工程（ｂ－２）→工程（ａ－３）→・・・の順で、各工程が行われた場合には、「工程（ａ－１）および工程（ｂ－１）」、「工程（ａ－２）および工程（ｂ－２）」のそれぞれが１サイクルとなる。 That is, each step was performed in the order of step (a-1) → step (b-1) → step (a-2) → step (b-2) → step (a-3) →. In this case, each of the “step (a-1) and step (b-1)” and the “step (a-2) and step (b-2)” constitute one cycle.
　工程（ｃ）を含む場合には、工程（ａ－１）→工程（ｃ－１）→工程（ｂ－１）→工程（ａ－２）→工程（ｃ－２）→工程（ｂ－２）→工程（ａ－３）→・・・の順で、各工程が行われた場合には、「工程（ａ－１）、工程（ｃ－１）および工程（ｂ－１）」、「工程（ａ－２）、工程（ｃ－２）および工程（ｂ－２）」のそれぞれが１サイクルとなる。 When step (c) is included, step (a-1) → step (c-1) → step (b-1) → step (a-2) → step (c-2) → step (b-2) ) → step (a-3) →... When each step is performed, “step (a-1), step (c-1) and step (b-1)”, “ Each of the steps (a-2), (c-2) and (b-2) "constitutes one cycle.
　さらに別の例としては、工程（ａ－１）→工程（ｃ－１）→工程（ｂ－１）→工程（ｃ－２）→工程（ａ－２）→工程（ｃ－３）→工程（ｂ－２）→工程（ｃ－４）→工程（ａ－３）→・・・の順で、各工程が行われた場合には、「工程（ａ－１）、工程（ｃ－１）、工程（ｂ－１）および工程（ｃ－２）」、「工程（ａ－２）、工程（ｃ－３）、工程（ｂ－２）および工程（ｃ－４）」のそれぞれが１サイクルとなる。 Still another example is as follows: Step (a-1) → Step (c-1) → Step (b-1) → Step (c-2) → Step (a-2) → Step (c-3) → Step When each step is performed in the order of (b-2) → step (c-4) → step (a-3) →..., “Step (a-1), step (c-1) ), Step (b-1) and step (c-2) "and" step (a-2), step (c-3), step (b-2) and step (c-4) " Cycle.
　さらに別の例としては工程（ａ－１）→工程（ｂ－１）→工程（ｃ－１）→工程（ａ－２）→工程（ｂ－２）→工程（ｃ－２）→工程（ａ－３）→・・・の順で、各工程が行われた場合には、「工程（ａ－１）、工程（ｂ－１）および工程（ｃ－１）」、「工程（ａ－２）、工程（ｂ－２））および工程（ｃ－２）」のそれぞれが１サイクルとなる。 As still another example, step (a-1) → step (b-1) → step (c-1) → step (a-2) → step (b-2) → step (c-2) → step ( When each step is performed in the order of a-3) →..., “step (a-1), step (b-1) and step (c-1)”, “step (a- 2), step (b-2)) and step (c-2) "each constitute one cycle.
　このように、規則的に同じサイクルを繰り返すほうが、栽培の実施の上で簡便で好ましい。しかしながら、各サイクルがランダムに実施されることもありうる。工程（ｃ）による可食部率を増やす効果を得るためには、各サイクルにおいて、工程（ｃ）を含むサイクルを採用することが好ましい。 As described above, it is preferable to repeat the same cycle regularly in terms of practicing cultivation. However, each cycle may be performed randomly. In order to obtain the effect of increasing the edible portion ratio in the step (c), it is preferable to adopt a cycle including the step (c) in each cycle.
　本発明の栽培方法では、ケールに光を照射しない工程を、前記工程（ａ）、（ｂ）および（ｃ）の前後および各工程の途中の任意のタイミングで設けてもよい。この場合、光を照射しない工程の時間は、光を照射しない時間：総光照射時間（工程（ａ）、（ｂ）および（ｃ）における光照射時間の合計）が、１：３～１：２３であることがケールの生育の点で好ましい。なお、前記比は、本発明の栽培期間全体を通して前記比であることが好ましく、前記１サイクルにおいても、前記比であることが好ましい。 In the cultivation method of the present invention, the step of not irradiating the kale with light may be provided before or after the steps (a), (b) and (c) and at any timing during each step. In this case, the time of the step of not irradiating light is the time of not irradiating light: the total light irradiation time (total of the light irradiation time in steps (a), (b) and (c)) is 1: 3 to 1: 23 is preferable in view of the growth of kale. In addition, it is preferable that the said ratio is the said ratio throughout the cultivation period of this invention, and it is preferable that it is the said ratio also in the said 1 cycle.
　上記各工程は、ケールが収穫に適したサイズになるまで行うことが好ましい。例えば、完全閉鎖型人工照射によりケールを栽培した場合は、草丈３０ｃｍ前後の通常出荷サイズのサラダ用に適した大きさに成長するまでに、例えば播種後２８～３３日間を要し、例えば育苗完了後の定植開始から１３～１８日間を要する。 The above steps are preferably performed until the kale becomes a size suitable for harvesting. For example, when kale is cultivated by completely closed artificial irradiation, it takes 28 to 33 days after sowing until it grows to a size suitable for a normal size salad with a plant height of about 30 cm. It takes 13 to 18 days from the start of planting later.
　光の照射によって、植物に与えられた１日あたりの積算光量は、Ｄａｉｌｙ　Ｌｉｇｈｔ　Ｉｎｔｅｇｒａｌ（ＤＬＩ；単位はｍｏｌ／（ｍ2・ｄａｙ））で表される。ＤＬＩは、例えば、照射光の各波長の「ＰＰＦＤ×照射時間／照射日数」の合計によって算出することができる。その場合、工程（ｃ）のＤＬＩは、青色光および赤色光についての各ＤＬＩを合計した値である。植物の栽培における経済性は、栽培に要する期間の長さおよび成長に要するＤＬＩと関係する。本発明の栽培方法は、栽培期間を一定にした場合に、比較的少ないエネルギーにもかかわらず、収穫サイズに達することができる。さらに、同時照射時間（工程（ｃ））を設けることで、非可食部を少なくすることもできる。また、可食部の葉身率を向上させることもできる。それらによってサラダに調理の時点での廃棄する部分が少なくなり、サラダの葉身部分が増え、サラダ用ケールの商品価値を高めることに重要な意味を持つ。 The integrated amount of light per day given to the plant by light irradiation is represented by Daily Light Integrated (DLI; unit is mol / (m 2 · day)). The DLI can be calculated, for example, by the sum of “PPFD × irradiation time / irradiation days” of each wavelength of the irradiation light. In that case, the DLI in the step (c) is a value obtained by summing the respective DLIs for the blue light and the red light. The economics of plant cultivation are related to the length of time required for cultivation and the DLI required for growth. The cultivation method of the present invention can reach the harvest size when the cultivation period is fixed, despite relatively little energy. Further, by providing the simultaneous irradiation time (step (c)), the non-edible portion can be reduced. In addition, the edible portion can have an improved leaf blade ratio. As a result, the portion of the salad to be discarded at the time of cooking is reduced, and the leaf portion of the salad is increased, which is important in increasing the commercial value of the salad kale.
　工程（ａ）、工程（ｂ）および工程（ｃ）における赤色光および青色光のＤＬＩ比は、任意に設定され得るが、「赤色光：青色光」で１：２０～２０：１程度の範囲が好ましく、１：３～３：１が特に好ましい。また、赤色光の光源および青色光の光源の光量は前記範囲内で変化させてもよい。例えば、「赤色光：青色光」は、２０：１、１：２０、１０：１、１：１０、４：１、１：４、３：１、１：３、２：１、１：２、５：３、３：５、１：１などのように設定することができる。 The DLI ratio of the red light and the blue light in the steps (a), (b) and (c) can be arbitrarily set, but is in the range of about 1:20 to 20: 1 for “red light: blue light”. Is preferable, and 1: 3 to 3: 1 is particularly preferable. Further, the light amounts of the red light source and the blue light source may be changed within the above range. For example, “red light: blue light” means 20: 1, 1:20, 10: 1, 1:10, 4: 1, 1: 4, 3: 1, 1: 3, 2: 1, 1: 2. , 5: 3, 3: 5, 1: 1 and so on.
　本発明において、可食部とは、葉の葉身と葉柄の部位を言う。非可食部とは、それ以外の部位で主には茎である。可食部率は、総葉新鮮重が地上部新鮮重の内で占める割合である。葉身率は葉身長を葉長で割るものである。市販されているサラダ用ケールの可食部率は６０％～８０％前後で葉身率が５０％～６０％であるが、工程（ｃ）を設けることにより、可食部率および葉身率をさらに１０％前後増加させることが可能である。すなわち、本発明の栽培方法で栽培されたサラダ用のケールの可食部率は、８０％～９０％であることが好ましい。 に お い て In the present invention, the edible portion refers to a part of the leaf blade and petiole of the leaf. The non-edible portion is a stem mainly at other portions. The edible portion ratio is the ratio of the total leaf fresh weight to the above-ground fresh weight. Leaf blade rate is the leaf length divided by leaf length. The edible portion ratio of the commercially available salad kale is around 60% to 80% and the leaf blade ratio is 50% to 60%. However, by providing the step (c), the edible portion ratio and leaf blade ratio can be obtained. Can be further increased by about 10%. That is, the edible portion ratio of the kale for salad cultivated by the cultivation method of the present invention is preferably 80% to 90%.
　本発明の栽培方法で栽培されたサラダ用のケールのＬＭＡは、１３～２８ｇ／ｍ2であることが好ましい。ＬＭＡが２８ｇ／ｍ2より大きい値ではサラダとして食べる時に食感が悪く、１３ｇ／ｍ2より小さい値では、収穫時や加工時の取り扱いが困難となる。食感の良さと取り扱いの容易性の点から、ＬＭＡが１５～２５ｇ／ｍ2であることがより好ましい。なお、青汁用に栽培されたケールは、通常、ＬＭＡは３０～４０ｇ／ｍ2である。 The LMA of the kale for salad cultivated by the cultivation method of the present invention is preferably from 13 to 28 g / m 2 . When LMA is more than 28 g / m 2 , the texture is poor when eaten as a salad, and when LMA is less than 13 g / m 2 , handling during harvesting or processing becomes difficult. LMA is more preferably 15 to 25 g / m 2 from the viewpoint of good texture and easy handling. Kale cultivated for green juice usually has an LMA of 30 to 40 g / m 2 .
　＜栽培方式＞
　ケールの栽培方式は、例えば、水耕栽培、噴霧栽培、固形培地耕などが挙げられる。衛生面、施肥作業および管理の容易性の点から水耕栽培が好ましい。 <Cultivation method>
Examples of kale cultivation methods include hydroponic cultivation, spray cultivation, and solid culture cultivation. Hydroponics is preferred in terms of hygiene, ease of fertilization and management.
　水耕栽培の場合には、栽培プールに供給する養液の液温が１０℃以上３０℃以下であることが好ましく、１８℃以上２８℃以下が好ましく、２０℃以上２３℃以下がより好ましい。該液温内であれば、植物の根部の栄養吸収に障害が起き、生育が大幅に悪くなることを防止することができる。 In the case of hydroponic cultivation, the temperature of the nutrient solution supplied to the cultivation pool is preferably from 10 ° C to 30 ° C, more preferably from 18 ° C to 28 ° C, and even more preferably from 20 ° C to 23 ° C. When the temperature is within the liquid temperature, it is possible to prevent the nutrient absorption of the root of the plant from being impaired and the growth from being significantly deteriorated.
　養液の制御は、養液電気伝導度（ＥＣ；Ｅｌｅｃｔｒｉｃ　Ｃｏｎｄｕｃｔｉｖｉｔｙ）による濃度制御が一般的であり、養液濃度の目安として使用する。ＥＣが高すぎる場合は栄養過剰による形態異常や、根域の浸透圧ストレスによる生育量低下を引き起こすことがある。従って、本発明においては、ＥＣが１．３ｄＳ／ｍ以上２．８ｄＳ／ｍ以下であることが好ましく、１．５ｄＳ／ｍ以上２．０ｄＳ／ｍ以下であることがより好ましい。また、ケールの成長促進の点から、ｐＨが５．５以上６．５以下の条件で栽培するのが好ましい。 The control of the nutrient solution is generally carried out by controlling the concentration of the nutrient solution by an electric conductivity (EC; Electric Conductivity), and is used as a measure of the nutrient solution concentration. If the EC is too high, it may cause morphological abnormalities due to overnutrition and a decrease in growth due to osmotic stress in the root zone. Therefore, in the present invention, the EC is preferably from 1.3 dS / m to 2.8 dS / m, and more preferably from 1.5 dS / m to 2.0 dS / m. From the viewpoint of promoting the growth of kale, it is preferable to grow the kale under the condition of pH 5.5 or more and 6.5 or less.
　栽培室温度は一般的な植物の水耕栽培を行う温度であり、１０℃以上３０℃以下が好ましく、１５℃以上２５℃以下がより好ましく、２０℃以上２３℃以下がさらに好ましい。 The cultivation room temperature is a temperature at which common plants are hydroponically cultivated, preferably from 10 ° C to 30 ° C, more preferably from 15 ° C to 25 ° C, even more preferably from 20 ° C to 23 ° C.
　栽培室内の相対湿度は一般的な植物の水耕栽培を行う相対湿度であり、４０％以上９０％以下が好ましく、５０％以上８０％以下がより好ましく、６５％以上７５％以下がさらに好ましい。 相 対 The relative humidity in the cultivation room is a relative humidity at which common plants are cultivated in hydroponics, and is preferably 40% or more and 90% or less, more preferably 50% or more and 80% or less, and even more preferably 65% or more and 75% or less.
　植物群落内の相対湿度は密植されていない状態では、上述したのと同様に、６５％以上７５％以下に調整することが好ましい。一方で植物が成長してくると密植状態になるため植物群落内の相対湿度が非常に高くなる。そのため、植物群落内の相対湿度は、好ましくは５０％以上９５％以下、より好ましくは６０％以上８０％以下、さらに好ましくは６５％以上７５％以下に維持する。 (4) It is preferable to adjust the relative humidity in the plant community to 65% or more and 75% or less in a state where dense planting is not performed, as described above. On the other hand, when the plants grow, they become densely planted, so that the relative humidity in the plant community becomes extremely high. Therefore, the relative humidity in the plant community is preferably maintained at 50% or more and 95% or less, more preferably 60% or more and 80% or less, and further preferably 65% or more and 75% or less.
　ケールの株密度は、２５株／ｍ2～１００株／ｍ2になるように調整することが好ましい。株間隔の短縮につれ生産株数がアップする一方で株あたりの重量が減少し、徒長する傾向になることから、品質と生産性のバランスの観点から、ケールの株密度は、３５株／ｍ2～８０株／ｍ2がより好ましく、５０株／ｍ2～８０株／ｍ2がさらに好ましい。ケールの株密度は、例えば、「株密度＝栽培面の株数／栽培面の面積」の式により算出することができる。ここでいう栽培面は、栽培株が置かれた栽培用トレー等の表面上の、当該株の全部が収まる最小の正方形または長方形の領域を意味する。 It is preferable to adjust the kale strain density so as to be 25 strains / m 2 to 100 strains / m 2 . As the number of produced strains increases as the interval between the strains decreases, the weight per strain decreases and tends to grow longer. From the viewpoint of the balance between quality and productivity, the kale strain density should be between 35 strains / m 2 and 80 strains / m 2 are more preferred, and 50 strains / m 2 to 80 strains / m 2 are even more preferred. The kale strain density can be calculated, for example, by the formula “strain density = number of strains on the cultivated surface / area of the cultivated surface”. The cultivation surface here means a minimum square or rectangular area on the surface of a cultivation tray or the like on which the cultivated strain is placed, in which the entire strain can be accommodated.
　植物の成長を促進するために、炭酸ガス濃度を高めることも好適に用いられる。炭酸ガス濃度は経済性および生育への好影響の観点から、４００ｖｏｌｐｐｍ以上１６００ｖｏｌｐｐｍ以下が好ましい。より好ましくは６００ｖｏｌｐｐｍ以上１４００ｖｏｌｐｐｍ以下であり、さらに好ましくは７００ｖｏｌｐｐｍ以上１３００ｖｏｌｐｐｍ以下である。低すぎる場合は栄養不足による生育量低下を引き起こすことがある。 高 め る In order to promote plant growth, it is also preferable to increase the concentration of carbon dioxide. The concentration of carbon dioxide is preferably 400 volppm or more and 1600 volppm or less from the viewpoint of economy and favorable influence on growth. It is more preferably 600 volppm or more and 1400 volppm or less, and still more preferably 700 volppm or more and 1300 volppm or less. If it is too low, growth may be reduced due to lack of nutrition.
　＜サラダ＞
　本発明のサラダは、上述のケールの栽培方法で栽培したケールを含む。上述の栽培方法で得られるケールは、葉の厚みが市販のサラダ用ケールと同等であるため、サラダ用ケール以外の品種のケールであっても、好適にサラダの材料の一つとして用いることができる。 <Salad>
The salad of the present invention includes kale cultivated by the above-described kale cultivation method. Since the kale obtained by the above-described cultivation method has a leaf thickness equivalent to that of a commercially available salad kale, even a kale of a variety other than the salad kale can be suitably used as one of the salad ingredients. it can.
　以下、本発明を実施例に基づいて更に具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれら実施例に限定されない。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically based on examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
　以下に示す実施例および比較例においては、以下の条件で育苗したグリーンケールの苗に対して光照射を行い栽培した。 に お い て In the following Examples and Comparative Examples, green kale seedlings grown under the following conditions were irradiated with light and cultivated.
　グリーンケール（中原採種場）種子を市販の水耕栽培用ウレタンスポンジに一穴１粒で播種し、１日間の暗期処理後に光強度１４０μｍｏｌ／（ｍ2・ｓ）の白色蛍光灯下において日照１６時間／日で播種から１５日間育苗を行った。養液は播種後３日目から水で潅水し、播種後７日目からは大塚Ａ処方（葉菜類用栽培養液、ＯＡＴアグリオ株式会社）から調製したＥＣ＝１．５ｄＳ／ｍ，ｐＨ＝６．０で潅水した。 Green kale (Nakahara Seed) seeds are sown in one hole per well in a commercially available urethane sponge for hydroponic cultivation, and after a dark treatment for one day, are exposed to sunlight under a white fluorescent lamp having a light intensity of 140 μmol / (m 2 · s). Seedlings were bred for 15 days from sowing at 16 hours / day. From the 3rd day after seeding, the nutrient solution was irrigated with water, and from the 7th day after seeding, EC = 1.5 dS / m, pH = 6 prepared from Otsuka A formulation (cultivation nutrient solution for leafy vegetables, OAT Agrio). Irrigation at 2.0.
　［実施例１］　工程（ａ）および工程（ｂ）によるケールの栽培
　前記方法で播種から１５日間かけて育苗したグリーンケール（中原採種場）の苗を、栽培棚に定植し、播種後３１日間（定植後１６日間）栽培した。 [Example 1] Cultivation of kale according to step (a) and step (b) Seedlings of green kale (Nakahara Seed), which were bred for 15 days from sowing by the above method, were planted in a cultivation shelf and 31 days after sowing. Cultivated (16 days after planting).
　栽培は人工気象装置（チャンバー）で行い、温度は２２℃に、相対湿度は７０％、炭酸ガス濃度は１０００ｖｏｌｐｐｍに設定し、養液は養液循環装置により制御し、ＥＣ＝１．５ｄＳ／ｍ、ｐＨ＝６．０、養液温２２℃に設定し、株間隔１５ｃｍで２８株定植した（株密度　３６．５株／ｍ2）。 Cultivation is performed in an artificial weather device (chamber), the temperature is set to 22 ° C., the relative humidity is set to 70%, the carbon dioxide concentration is set to 1000 vol ppm, the nutrient solution is controlled by a nutrient solution circulation device, and EC = 1.5 dS / m. The pH was set at 6.0, the nutrient solution temperature was set at 22 ° C., and 28 plants were planted at a plant interval of 15 cm (strain density 36.5 strains / m 2 ).
　定植後、以下の条件で光照射を行った。 After planting, light irradiation was performed under the following conditions.
　光源として赤色ＬＥＤ（中心波長：６６０ｎｍ、昭和電工製ＨＲＰ－３５０Ｆ）、および青色ＬＥＤ（中心波長：４５０ｎｍ、昭和電工製ＧＡ２ＰＴ４５０Ｇ）を用いた。 (4) A red LED (center wavelength: 660 nm, HRP-350F manufactured by Showa Denko) and a blue LED (center wavelength: 450 nm, GA2PT450G manufactured by Showa Denko) were used as light sources.
　光照射は、工程（ａ）（赤色ＬＥＤを用いた赤色光の照射）および工程（ｂ）（青色ＬＥＤを用いた青色光の照射）を交互に連続して行った。 Light irradiation was carried out alternately and continuously in the step (a) (irradiation of red light using a red LED) and the step (b) (irradiation of blue light using a blue LED).
　工程（ａ）は、ＰＰＦＤが２００μｍｏｌ／（ｍ2・ｓ）で連続照射時間を１２時間に設定した。工程（ｂ）は、ＰＰＦＤは７０μｍｏｌ／（ｍ2・ｓ）で連続照射時間を１２時間に設定した。ＰＰＦＤは、ＬＩ－ＣＯＲ製光量子計ＬＩ－２５０Ａを用いて測定した。 In the step (a), the PPFD was 200 μmol / (m 2 · s), and the continuous irradiation time was set to 12 hours. In the step (b), the continuous irradiation time was set to 12 hours at a PPFD of 70 μmol / (m 2 · s). The PPFD was measured using an optical quantum meter LI-250A manufactured by LI-COR.
　定植後１６日目の収穫サイズに達したケール１０株ずつに対して地上部新鮮重、草丈、茎長、葉身長、総葉新鮮重を測定した。コルクボーラーを用いて最大葉の一部を切り取った。切り取った部分の新鮮重、切り取った後の最大葉の新鮮重を測定した。切り取った後の最大葉は、耐熱容器に入れ、オーブンにて２４時間乾燥し、乾燥重量を測定した。切り取った後の最大葉の乾燥重量と新鮮重の比から、乾物率を求めた。上記測定は、栽培棚外部からの光の影響を受けにくい、栽培棚の中心付近に位置する株（図１中の黒丸）を選定して行った。 (4) The above-ground fresh weight, plant height, stem length, leaf height, and total leaf fresh weight were measured for each of 10 kale plants that reached the harvest size on the 16th day after planting. A portion of the largest leaf was cut off using a cork borer. The fresh weight of the cut portion and the fresh weight of the largest leaf after cutting were measured. The largest leaves after cutting were placed in a heat-resistant container, dried in an oven for 24 hours, and the dry weight was measured. The dry matter ratio was determined from the ratio between the dry weight of the largest leaf after cutting and the fresh weight. The above measurement was performed by selecting strains (black circles in FIG. 1) that are hardly affected by light from the outside of the cultivation shelf and are located near the center of the cultivation shelf.
　ＬＭＡは、［コルクボーラーで切り取った部分の葉の新鮮重（ｇ）×乾物率／１００（＝葉乾物重）］／コルクボーラー切取り部分の面積（０．７８５ｍ2）により１０株それぞれ計算した。可食部率は総葉新鮮重／地上部新鮮重×１００％により１０株それぞれ算出した。ＤＬＩあたりの可食部新鮮重は地上部新鮮重×可食部率／ＤＬＩにより１０株それぞれ算出した。 The LMA was calculated for each of the ten strains according to [fresh weight (g) of leaf cut off by cork borer × dry matter ratio / 100 (= dry weight of leaf)] / area of cut off cork borer (0.785 m 2 ). The edible portion ratio was calculated from the total fresh weight of the leaves / the fresh weight of the above-ground portion × 100% for each of the 10 strains. The edible portion fresh weight per DLI was calculated from the above-mentioned above-ground portion fresh weight x edible portion ratio / DLI.
　［実施例２］　　工程（ａ）と工程（ｂ）の間に工程（ｃ）を含むケールの栽培１
　定植後の光照射条件を、下記のように変更した以外は実施例１と同様に実施した。 [Example 2] Cultivation 1 of kale including step (c) between step (a) and step (b)
The procedure was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the light irradiation conditions after planting were changed as described below.
　光照射は、工程（ａ）（赤色ＬＥＤを用いた赤色光の照射）、工程（ｃ）（赤色ＬＥＤおよび青色ＬＥＤを用いた赤色光および青色光の照射）および工程（ｂ）（青色ＬＥＤを用いた青色光の照射）を繰り返し連続して行った。 The light irradiation includes step (a) (irradiation of red light using a red LED), step (c) (irradiation of red light and blue light using a red LED and a blue LED) and step (b) (irradiation of a blue LED). (Irradiation of the used blue light) was repeatedly and continuously performed.
　工程（ａ）は、ＰＰＦＤが２００μｍｏｌ／（ｍ2・ｓ）で連続照射時間を１０時間に設定した。工程（ｂ）は、ＰＰＦＤは７０μｍｏｌ／（ｍ2・ｓ）で連続照射時間を１０時間に設定した。工程（ｃ）は、ＰＰＦＤが２７０μｍｏｌ／（ｍ2・ｓ）で連続照射時間を４時間に設定した。なお工程（ｃ）では、赤色光をＰＰＦＤが２００μｍｏｌ／（ｍ2・ｓ）で照射し、青色光をＰＰＦＤが７０μｍｏｌ／（ｍ2・ｓ）で照射した。 In the step (a), the PPFD was 200 μmol / (m 2 · s), and the continuous irradiation time was set to 10 hours. In the step (b), the continuous irradiation time was set to 10 hours with PPFD of 70 μmol / (m 2 · s). In the step (c), the continuous irradiation time was set to 4 hours at a PPFD of 270 μmol / (m 2 · s). In the step (c), the red light was irradiated at 200 μmol / (m 2 · s) by the PPFD, and the blue light was irradiated at 70 μmol / (m 2 · s) by the PPFD.
　［実施例３］　　工程（ａ）と工程（ｂ）の間に工程（ｃ）を含むケールの栽培２
　定植後の光照射条件を、下記のように変更した以外は実施例１と同様に実施した。 [Example 3] Cultivation 2 of kale including step (c) between step (a) and step (b)
The procedure was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the light irradiation conditions after planting were changed as described below.
　光照射は、工程（ａ）（赤色ＬＥＤを用いた赤色光の照射）、工程（ｃ）（赤色ＬＥＤおよび青色ＬＥＤを用いた赤色光および青色光の照射）および工程（ｂ）（青色ＬＥＤを用いた青色光の照射）を繰り返し連続して行った。 The light irradiation includes step (a) (irradiation of red light using a red LED), step (c) (irradiation of red light and blue light using a red LED and a blue LED) and step (b) (irradiation of a blue LED). (Irradiation of the used blue light) was repeatedly and continuously performed.
　工程（ａ）は、ＰＰＦＤが２００μｍｏｌ／（ｍ2・ｓ）で連続照射時間を６時間に設定した。工程（ｂ）は、ＰＰＦＤは７０μｍｏｌ／（ｍ2・ｓ）で連続照射時間を６時間に設定した。工程（ｃ）は、ＰＰＦＤが２７０μｍｏｌ／（ｍ2・ｓ）で連続照射時間を１２時間に設定した。なお工程（ｃ）では、赤色光をＰＰＦＤが２００μｍｏｌ／（ｍ2・ｓ）で照射し、青色光をＰＰＦＤが７０μｍｏｌ／（ｍ2・ｓ）で照射した。 In the step (a), PPFD was set to 200 μmol / (m 2 · s), and the continuous irradiation time was set to 6 hours. In the step (b), the continuous irradiation time was set to 6 hours at a PPFD of 70 μmol / (m 2 · s). In the step (c), the continuous irradiation time was set to 12 hours at a PPFD of 270 μmol / (m 2 · s). In the step (c), the red light was irradiated at 200 μmol / (m 2 · s) by the PPFD, and the blue light was irradiated at 70 μmol / (m 2 · s) by the PPFD.
　［比較例１］　　赤色光および青色光の同時照射によるケールの栽培
　定植後の光照射条件を、下記のように変更した以外は実施例１と同様に実施した。 [Comparative Example 1] Cultivation of kale by simultaneous irradiation of red light and blue light The same procedure as in Example 1 was carried out except that the light irradiation conditions after planting were changed as described below.
　光照射は、工程（ｃ）（赤色ＬＥＤおよび青色ＬＥＤを用いた赤色光および青色光の照射）を連続して行った。 Light irradiation was performed continuously in step (c) (irradiation of red light and blue light using a red LED and a blue LED).
　工程（ｃ）は、ＰＰＦＤが２７０μｍｏｌ／（ｍ2・ｓ）で連続照射時間を１６日間に設定した。なお工程（ｃ）では、赤色光をＰＰＦＤが２００μｍｏｌ／（ｍ2・ｓ）で照射し、青色光をＰＰＦＤが７０μｍｏｌ／（ｍ2・ｓ）で照射した。 In the step (c), PPFD was 270 μmol / (m 2 · s), and the continuous irradiation time was set to 16 days. In the step (c), the red light was irradiated at 200 μmol / (m 2 · s) by the PPFD, and the blue light was irradiated at 70 μmol / (m 2 · s) by the PPFD.
　［比較例２］　　市販サラダケール
　比較例２は市販されているサラダケール（増田採種場）を用い、実施例１と同様に地上部新鮮重、草丈、茎長、葉身長、総葉新鮮重および乾燥重量を測定し、乾燥率、ＬＭＡおよび可食部率を算出した。市販のサラダケールはサラダ用に特別に品種改良されたケールを使用した。 [Comparative Example 2] Commercial Salad Kale Comparative Example 2 uses a commercially available salad kale (Masuda Seed Plant), and uses the same method as in Example 1, except that the above-ground fresh weight, plant height, stem length, leaf height, total leaf fresh weight and The dry weight was measured, and the dry ratio, LMA and edible portion ratio were calculated. The commercial salad kale used was a kale that was specially bred for salads.
　（結果）
　実施例１と同様に、実施例２および３並びに比較例１は定植後１６日目にいずれも収穫サイズに達した。実施例１～３、並びに比較例１および２における１０サンプルの平均値を表１に示した。表２には、１０サンプルそれぞれで求めた可食部率、可食部新鮮重などの平均値、および可食性の評価などを示した。 (result)
As in Example 1, Examples 2 and 3 and Comparative Example 1 all reached the harvest size 16 days after planting. Table 1 shows the average values of 10 samples in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2. Table 2 shows the edible portion ratio, the average value of the edible portion fresh weight, and the like, the edible portion evaluation, and the like determined for each of the 10 samples.
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000001
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000001
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000002
 　実施例１～３と比較例２との比較により、本発明の赤色光と青色光をケールに交互に照射して栽培することにより、露地栽培されたサラダ用ケールと同等な葉の厚さを有するケールが栽培できることがわかった。これにより、サラダ用に特別に品種開発された特別な品種を用いることなしに、サラダに適したケールを栽培することができる。さらに、本発明の栽培方法においては、ＤＬＩ当たりの可食部重量も大きく、エネルギー効率良くサラダ用ケールが栽培できる。
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000002
 By comparing Examples 1 to 3 with Comparative Example 2, by irradiating the kale with the red light and the blue light of the present invention alternately to cultivate, the leaf thickness equivalent to that of the salad kale cultivated in the open field was obtained. It has been found that kale can be grown. This makes it possible to grow kale suitable for salads without using special varieties specially developed for salads. Furthermore, in the cultivation method of the present invention, the edible portion weight per DLI is large, and the kale for salad can be cultivated with high energy efficiency.
　さらに実施例２および３で示すように、赤色光と青色光を同時に照射する工程（ｃ）を設けることによって茎長が大幅に短くなり、露地ものに対し、可食部率が約１０％前後に改善し、葉身率も約１０％増加した。このことにより、サラダとして料理する場合に、廃棄部分が少なくなる。このような性質は、各家庭向けにサラダ用のケールとして販売する場合の、ケールの商品価値を高めることにつながる。 Further, as shown in Examples 2 and 3, by providing the step (c) of simultaneously irradiating red light and blue light, the stem length is greatly shortened, and the edible portion ratio is about 10% with respect to the exposed one. And the leaf blade ratio increased by about 10%. Thereby, when cooking as a salad, the amount of waste is reduced. Such properties lead to an increase in the commercial value of kale when sold as kale for salads for each household.

Claims (7)

  1. 　光源から赤色光をケールに照射する工程（ａ）と、光源から青色光をケールに照射する工程（ｂ）とを含み、各工程の照射時間がそれぞれ独立して一回当たり３時間以上４８時間未満であり、各工程を交互に行うケールの栽培方法。 A step (a) of irradiating the kale with red light from the light source and a step (b) of irradiating the kale with blue light from the light source, and the irradiation time of each step is independently 3 hours or more and 48 hours at a time. The method of cultivating kale in which the respective steps are alternately performed.
  2. 　光源から赤色光と青色光とを同時にケールに照射する工程（ｃ）を、前記工程（ａ）あるいは前記工程（ｂ）の前後に含むことがあり、前記工程（ｃ）の照射時間の合計と、前記工程（ａ）および前記工程（ｂ）の照射時間の合計との比が、１：６～３：１である、請求項１に記載のケールの栽培方法。 A step (c) of simultaneously irradiating the kale with red light and blue light from a light source may be included before and after the step (a) or the step (b), and the total irradiation time of the step (c) 2. The method for cultivating kale according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the irradiation time in the step (a) and the total irradiation time in the step (b) is 1: 6 to 3: 1.
  3. 　収穫時におけるケールの葉面積当たりの葉乾物重が、１３～２８ｇ／ｍ2である、請求項１または２に記載のケールの栽培方法。 The method for cultivating kale according to claim 1, wherein the leaf dry weight per leaf area of the kale at the time of harvesting is 13 to 28 g / m 2 .
  4. 　収穫時におけるケールの可食部率が８０％～９０％である、請求項１～３のいずれか一項に記載のケールの栽培方法。 The method for cultivating kale according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the edible portion ratio of kale at the time of harvest is 80% to 90%.
  5. 　前記栽培方法が水耕栽培である、請求項１～４のいずれか一項に記載のケールの栽培方法。 ケ ー The method for cultivating kale according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the cultivation method is hydroponics.
  6. 　栽培期間中に使用する光源が全て人工光源である、請求項１～５のいずれか一項に記載のケールの栽培方法。 The method for cultivating kale according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein all light sources used during the cultivation period are artificial light sources.
  7. 　請求項１～６のいずれか一項に記載の栽培方法で栽培したケールを含むサラダ。 A salad containing kale cultivated by the cultivation method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
PCT/JP2019/037814 2018-09-28 2019-09-26 Kale cultivation method and salad WO2020067266A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2018184536 2018-09-28
JP2018-184536 2018-09-28

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2020067266A1 true WO2020067266A1 (en) 2020-04-02

Family

ID=69950739

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/JP2019/037814 WO2020067266A1 (en) 2018-09-28 2019-09-26 Kale cultivation method and salad

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2020067266A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP7195474B1 (en) 2022-06-03 2022-12-23 株式会社ファームシップ How to grow kale

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2015142585A (en) * 2011-08-05 2015-08-06 昭和電工株式会社 Plant cultivation method, and plant cultivation apparatus
JP2018121589A (en) * 2017-02-02 2018-08-09 昭和電工株式会社 Plant seedling cultivation method using artificial light

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2015142585A (en) * 2011-08-05 2015-08-06 昭和電工株式会社 Plant cultivation method, and plant cultivation apparatus
JP2018121589A (en) * 2017-02-02 2018-08-09 昭和電工株式会社 Plant seedling cultivation method using artificial light

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
HANSHIN, 5 February 2016 (2016-02-05), Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://www.hanshin.co.jp/company/press/detail/1623> [retrieved on 20191011] *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP7195474B1 (en) 2022-06-03 2022-12-23 株式会社ファームシップ How to grow kale

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN106455503B (en) Indoor water culture gardening method
JP5988420B2 (en) Leafy vegetables production method
WO2022142283A1 (en) Method for full-artificial light cultivation of herbaceous spice plant
JP2018121589A (en) Plant seedling cultivation method using artificial light
WO2017164266A1 (en) Method for raising seedling
JP7499873B2 (en) Tomato plant, tomato fruit, and method for cultivating tomato plant
Higashide et al. Yield and dry matter production of a Japanese tomato ‘Momotaro York’are improved by grafting onto a Dutch rootstock ‘Maxifort’
KR101916314B1 (en) Culturing method of Agastache rugosa
Ciuta et al. Research on microgreens farming in vertical hydroponic system.
Mochizuki et al. Photosynthetic characteristics of individual strawberry (Fragaria× ananassa Duch.) leaves under short-distance lightning with blue, green, and red led lights
Dyśko et al. Effects of LED and HPS lighting on the growth, seedling morphology and yield of greenhouse tomatoes and cucumbers.
WO2020067266A1 (en) Kale cultivation method and salad
JP2017060441A (en) Baby leaves
JP2011055816A (en) Method for controlling growth of plant utilizing light ray
JP2011055816A5 (en)
JP2013162757A (en) Cultivation method of parsley and parsley with adjusted eating quality
KR101559574B1 (en) Pupple pepper as a new variety plant and a method for breeding the same
KR101336295B1 (en) Cultivation method for sprout of unpolished rice and use thereof
WO2022102327A1 (en) Method for cultivating fruit-vegetable plants and tomato fruit
Rakutko et al. Comparative evaluation of tomato transplant growth parameters under led, fluorescent and high-pressure sodium lamps
US20220210981A1 (en) Method For Optimizing Growth Of Microgreens
JP3631648B2 (en) Green nutritional soybean sprouts using colored light and its cultivation method
JP5906085B2 (en) Method for improving content of useful components in plants in hydroponics
Sanluang et al. Different light spectra and intensity level effects on vegetative growth and antioxidant content of coriander
Madusanka et al. Comparative assessment of intensive tomato production in innovative non-circulating aquaponics vs. conventional hydroponics.

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 19866381

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 19866381

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: JP