WO2017164266A1 - Method for raising seedling - Google Patents

Method for raising seedling Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017164266A1
WO2017164266A1 PCT/JP2017/011571 JP2017011571W WO2017164266A1 WO 2017164266 A1 WO2017164266 A1 WO 2017164266A1 JP 2017011571 W JP2017011571 W JP 2017011571W WO 2017164266 A1 WO2017164266 A1 WO 2017164266A1
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light
illumination light
day
seedling raising
raising method
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PCT/JP2017/011571
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
米田　正
恭成 渡邉
篠田　晶子
明正 中野
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昭和電工株式会社
国立研究開発法人農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構
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Publication of WO2017164266A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017164266A1/en

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00—Botany in general
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas

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  • the present invention relates to a method for raising fruit vegetable seedlings, and more specifically, a seedling method for cultivating high-quality fruit vegetable seedlings in which roots are well developed after planting by irradiating the fruit vegetable seedlings with artificial light and the growth is good.
  • This application claims priority on March 24, 2016 based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2016-060738 filed in Japan, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • Patent Document 1 discloses that a light-emitting diode that emits blue light (400 to 480 nm) and a light-emitting diode that emits red light (620 to 700 nm) are turned on simultaneously or alternately, thereby culturing, growing and cultivating plants. And a light source for plant cultivation that irradiates light energy for tissue culture. This light source for plant cultivation is intended to cultivate a plant with high energy efficiency by irradiating only light having a wavelength matching the light absorption peak of chlorophyll (around 450 nm and around 660 nm).
  • Patent Document 1 stipulates that blue light and red light may be irradiated simultaneously or alternately (see [Claim 1]).
  • Patent Document 1 in comparison between single irradiation of blue light or red light and simultaneous irradiation of blue light and red light, healthy growth similar to cultivation in sunlight under the simultaneous irradiation (the length of the single irradiation) (See paragraph [0011] in the document), but the effect of promoting growth when blue light and red light are alternately applied has not been confirmed. Therefore, Patent Document 1 does not substantially disclose a plant cultivation method by alternately irradiating blue light and red light.
  • Patent Document 2 discloses a cultivation light control method for cultivating plants by irradiating cultivation light under an artificially controlled light-dark cycle.
  • the light / dark cycle has a light period when the cultivation light is irradiated, and a light period less than the light quantity in this light period, or a dark period with no light amount.
  • the cycle of the light / dark cycle is different from the inherent free-run cycle of the plant, and the dark period is set to a time zone with low photosynthetic activity, or the light cycle is set to a time zone with high photosynthetic activity. .
  • Patent Document 3 the step of irradiating a plant with red illumination light and the step of irradiating the same plant with blue illumination light are alternately repeated with the irradiation time of each step being 3 hours or more and less than 48 hours.
  • a plant cultivation method is disclosed.
  • Patent Document 4 the procedure for irradiating germinated fruit vegetables with red light and the procedure for irradiating germinated fruit vegetables with blue light are alternately and continuously performed to differentiate flower buds.
  • a method for cultivating fruit vegetables having a step and a step of irradiating the fruit vegetables with differentiated flower buds using a fluorescent lamp is disclosed. This cultivation method is characterized in that the procedure of irradiating germinated fruit and vegetables with red light and the procedure of irradiating germinated fruit and vegetables with blue light are performed within a range of 3 to 48 hours each time.
  • Patent Document 5 discloses a plant cultivation method in which the step (A) of irradiating a plant with red light and the step (B) of irradiating a plant with blue light are independently performed within a certain period of time. Yes.
  • the cultivation method the photosynthetic photon flux density of the red light in Step (A) was greater than 150 [mu] mol / m 2 s, the photosynthetic photon flux density of the blue light in the step (B) is larger than 50 [mu] mol / m 2 s
  • the carbon dioxide concentration in the plant cultivation environment in the step (A) and the step (B) is 1300 ppm or more.
  • JP-A-8-103167 JP 2012-179909 A Japanese Patent No. 5729786 Japanese Patent No. 5723898 Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2015-204801
  • the seedlings of fruit vegetables obtained by conventional techniques as disclosed in Patent Documents 1 to 5 have a low ratio of the root weight to the above-ground weight (R / T ratio), and the root part is sufficiently developed after planting. There is a tendency not to.
  • the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and is a fruit vegetable that has good root growth after planting, is capable of growing a high-quality fruit vegetable seedling that is homogeneous, well-established, and has good growth at low cost.
  • the object is to provide a method for raising seedlings.
  • the present invention is as follows.
  • [1] A seedling raising method in which red and blue illumination light, which is artificial light, are alternately and repeatedly applied to seedlings of fruit vegetables, and the red illumination light and the blue illumination light are applied to the cultivation surface.
  • the day cumulative photosynthetically active photon amount respectively 10 ⁇ 25mol / m 2 ⁇ day -1, and 4 ⁇ 15mol / m 2 ⁇ day -1, the sum of the red illumination light, the daily irradiation time of the blue illumination light
  • [2] The seedling raising method according to [1], wherein an irradiation light amount ratio of the red illumination light is 50% or more and 90% or less.
  • [6] The method for raising seedlings according to [5], wherein any one of eggplant, tomato, pepper, pepper, pepper, and paprika is used as the fruit vegetable of the solanaceous family.
  • [7] The seedling raising method according to [5], wherein tomatoes are used as the fruit vegetables of the solanaceous family.
  • [8] The seedling raising according to any one of [1] to [7], wherein light having a peak wavelength of 570 nm to 730 nm and a center wavelength of 645 nm to 680 nm is used as the red illumination light Method.
  • a method for raising seedlings of fruit vegetable seedlings capable of growing inexpensively seedlings of high quality fruit and vegetable seedlings whose roots are well developed after planting, homogeneous and well-established, and having good growth after planting. be able to.
  • the seedling raising method according to an embodiment of the present invention is performed by alternately and repeatedly irradiating fruit and vegetable seedlings with red illumination light and blue illumination light, which are artificial lights.
  • “alternate and repeat” means that irradiation with red illumination light and irradiation with blue illumination light are performed alternately, and this is repeated two or more times. Irradiation time with red illumination light and irradiation time with blue illumination light Between these, the time which does not irradiate light may be provided, and it is not necessary to provide. That is, the irradiation with the red illumination light and the irradiation with the blue illumination light may be performed continuously or may not be performed continuously.
  • the seedling raising method of this embodiment is characterized in that a specific photon amount and irradiation time are determined so as to satisfy the following conditions. That is, the daily integrated photosynthesis effective light quantum amount of the red illumination light is set to 10 to 25 mol / m 2 ⁇ day ⁇ 1 (10 mol / m 2 ⁇ day ⁇ 1 to 25 mol / m 2 ⁇ day ⁇ 1 or less). Also, the day cumulative photosynthetic photon amount of blue illumination light, and 4 ⁇ 15mol / m 2 ⁇ day -1 (4mol / m 2 ⁇ day -1 or more 15mol / m 2 ⁇ day -1 or less). The total irradiation time per day of the red illumination light and the blue illumination light is 16 to 24 hours (16 hours to 24 hours).
  • Daily photosynthesis effective photon quantity that is, photon quantity of light irradiated per unit area per day is equal to the photosynthesis effective photon flux density measured using a photonometer on the cultivation surface. Calculated by multiplying the irradiation time per day.
  • a cultivation surface means the place which puts support bodies, such as a pot for growing a seedling, and a cell tray.
  • Day cumulative photosynthetic photon amount of red illumination light within the range 10 ⁇ 25mol / m 2 ⁇ day -1 described above, 14 ⁇ 24mol / m 2 ⁇ day -1 (14mol / m 2 ⁇ day is preferably set to -1 or more 24mol / m 2 ⁇ day -1 or less), 18 ⁇ 23mol / m 2 ⁇ day -1 and (18mol / m 2 ⁇ day -1 or more 23mol / m 2 ⁇ day -1 or less) More preferably.
  • the daily integrated photosynthesis effective photon amount of the red irradiation light is less than 10 mol / m 2 , the growth of the seedlings is deteriorated and good seedlings cannot be produced. On the other hand, even if the daily integrated photosynthesis effective photon amount of the red irradiation light exceeds 25 mol / m 2 , the growth of the seedling does not change, and energy is wasted.
  • Day cumulative photosynthetic photon amount of the blue illumination light within the range 4 ⁇ 15mol / m 2 ⁇ day -1 described above, 6 ⁇ 12mol / m 2 ⁇ day -1 (6mol / m 2 ⁇ day is preferably set to -1 or more 12mol / m 2 ⁇ day -1 or less), 7 ⁇ 10mol / m 2 ⁇ day -1 (7mol / m 2 ⁇ day -1 or more 10mol / m 2 ⁇ day -1 or less) and More preferably.
  • the daily photosynthesis effective photon amount of the blue irradiation light is less than 4 mol / m 2 ⁇ day ⁇ 1 , the growth of the seedlings deteriorates and good seedlings cannot be grown. On the other hand, even if the daily integrated photosynthesis effective photon amount of blue irradiation light exceeds 15 mol / m 2 ⁇ day ⁇ 1 , the growth of the seedling does not change, and energy is wasted.
  • the light irradiation time per day combining the irradiation time of the red illumination light and the irradiation time of the blue illumination light, shall be 18 to 24 hours (18 hours or more and 24 hours or less) in the above range of 16 to 24 hours. Is preferred. If the irradiation time of the red illumination light is less than 16 hours, the growth of the seedlings is deteriorated and it is difficult to perform good seedling raising.
  • the ratio of the irradiation time of red illumination light is preferably 50% or more and 90% or less, and more preferably 60% or more and 80% or less. If the irradiation time ratio of the red illumination light is lower than 50%, the growth of the seedlings is deteriorated. If the irradiation time ratio is higher than 90%, the seedlings are grown.
  • the light emitting diode It is preferable to use an optical semiconductor element such as (LED) or laser diode (LD).
  • LED light emitting diode
  • LD laser diode
  • the EL may be an organic EL or an inorganic EL.
  • the red illumination light in this embodiment is illumination light including red light having at least a peak wavelength of 570 nm to 730 nm and a center wavelength of 645 nm to 680 nm.
  • the red illumination light may include light in a wavelength range different from that of red light, but preferably does not include blue light described below, and if the light does not include light in a wavelength range different from red light, preferable. That is, it is more preferable that the red illumination light is light composed only of red light.
  • the blue illumination light in this embodiment is illumination light including blue light having a peak wavelength of 400 nm to 515 nm and a center wavelength of 440 nm to 460 nm.
  • the blue illumination light may include light in a wavelength range different from that of blue light, but preferably does not include the red light described above, and if it does not include light in a wavelength range different from that of blue light, More preferred. That is, it is more preferable that the blue illumination light is light composed only of blue light.
  • the temperature at the time of seedling may be a temperature at which seedling is generally raised, but is specifically preferably 16 to 28 ° C, more preferably 17 to 26 ° C. 18 to 25 ° C. is more preferable.
  • the concentration of surrounding carbon dioxide at the time of raising seedlings is not limited, and may be set to the same level as normal atmospheric concentration, or may be set to a high concentration by adding carbon dioxide.
  • the set concentration is preferably 400 to 1200 ppm, more preferably 600 to 1100 ppm, and even more preferably 700 to 1000 ppm, from the viewpoints of economy and influence on growth.
  • Fertilizers used for raising seedlings may be those used for general raising seedlings, and commercially available fertilizers can be used. Moreover, the active ingredient of a fertilizer can also be suitably mix
  • the fruit and vegetables targeted by the method for raising seedlings means a plant that eats fruits or seeds among vegetables.
  • fruits and vegetables for example, those belonging to any one of eggplant family, cucurbitaceae family, legume family and rose family can be used.
  • eggplant, tomato, pepper, pepper, capsicum, paprika, etc. can be used as the fruit vegetable of the solanaceous family.
  • cucurbitaceae fruits and vegetables for example, any of cucumbers, pumpkins, shirouri, makuwauri, bitter gourd, zucchini, tougan, watermelon, melon and the like can be used.
  • legumes for example, any one of green beans, green peas, broad beans, green beans and the like can be used.
  • fruits and vegetables of the Rosaceae family for example, strawberries can be used.
  • the total irradiation time per day is 16 to 24 hours, and the fruit and vegetable seedlings are irradiated alternately and continuously.
  • the experiment for raising seedlings of fruit vegetables was conducted using the seedling raising method of the present invention. This experiment was conducted in a seedling terrace (artificial photo-nurturing seedling device 4 stages ⁇ 6 shelves, Mitsubishi Plastics Agridream). As an experimental sample, 'Momotaro York' (Takii seedling) tomato was used. Each cell constituting a 72-hole cell tray (Cell Tray AP, manufactured by Toagokogyo Co., Ltd.) was filled with culture soil (Seed Culture No. 1, manufactured by Sumirin), and one seed was seeded per cell.
  • the seeded culture soil is housed together with a cell tray in a sprouting device maintained at 27 ° C. for 3 days, and planted on a seedling terrace on the third day after sowing (day 0 of planting), and planted on the 21st day with light irradiation. Raised seedlings.
  • a culture solution a solution obtained by dissolving 2.93 mL of high tempo Cu (manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.) and 0.98 mL of high tempo Ar (manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.) per liter is used, and its electric conductivity (EC) is 1.6 dS. / M, pH was set to 5.9.
  • Irrigation was performed once a day for 10 minutes (from 8:00 to 8:10), and the culture solution was filled to a height of about 30 mm from the bottom of the cell tray.
  • the seedling raising temperature was 18 ° C. between 0:00 and 8:00 every day and 25 ° C. between 8:00 and 0:00.
  • the CO 2 concentration in the seedling terrace was 1000 ppm.
  • red illumination light and blue illumination light (RRB, product number: UL0005 # 01-0R, LED chip: 160 red + 80 blue, peak wavelength: red 660 nm, blue 450 nm, manufactured by Showa Denko KK)
  • RRB red illumination light and blue illumination light
  • LED chip 160 red + 80 blue
  • peak wavelength red 660 nm
  • blue 450 nm manufactured by Showa Denko KK
  • a straight tube type LED illumination with Each color was dimmed independently by a dimmer with a timer, and the amount of irradiation light was adjusted (abbreviation: red irradiation light; R, blue irradiation light; expressed as B).
  • Examples 1 to 4 were carried out by changing the irradiation conditions with LEDs (LED irradiation section). Specific LED irradiation conditions in each example were set as follows.
  • Example 1 From planting day 0 planting day 21, one day, is irradiated with 0 pm ⁇ B166 ⁇ mol ⁇ m -2 ⁇ s -1 at 12 o'clock, then, R500 ⁇ mol ⁇ m -2 ⁇ s at 12 to 24 o'clock -1 irradiation.
  • the DLI of R is 21.6 mol ⁇ m ⁇ 2 ⁇ day ⁇ 1
  • the DLI of B is 7.2 mol ⁇ m ⁇ 2 ⁇ day ⁇ 1
  • the total DLI of R and B is 28.8 mol ⁇ m ⁇ 2.
  • Dat ⁇ 1 the light irradiation time per day was 24 hours, and the irradiation light amount ratio of the red illumination light was 75%.
  • Example 2 For 14 days from the 0th day to the 14th day of planting, B166 ⁇ mol ⁇ m ⁇ 2 ⁇ s ⁇ 1 was irradiated from 0 o'clock to 12 o'clock in the day, and then R500 ⁇ mol ⁇ m between 12 o'clock and 24 o'clock. -2 ⁇ s -1 was irradiated.
  • the DLI of R is 21.6 mol ⁇ m ⁇ 2 ⁇ day ⁇ 1
  • the DLI of B is 7.2 mol ⁇ m ⁇ 2 ⁇ day ⁇ 1
  • the total DLI of R and B is 28.8 mol ⁇ m ⁇ 2.
  • -Day -1 light irradiation time per day was 24 hours; and the irradiation light amount ratio of red illumination light was 75%.
  • the DLI of R was 21.6 mol ⁇ m ⁇ 2 ⁇ day ⁇ 1
  • the DLI of B was 7.2 mol ⁇ m ⁇ 2 ⁇ day ⁇ 1
  • R between the 0th planting and the 21st planting.
  • the total DLI of B was 28.8 mol ⁇ m ⁇ 2 ⁇ day ⁇ 1
  • the light irradiation time per day was 22 hours
  • the irradiation light amount ratio of red illumination light was 75%.
  • Example 3 (Example 3, AI-D4) Light irradiation for 7 days from the 14th day of planting to the 21st day of planting was performed with B200 ⁇ ⁇ m ⁇ 2 ⁇ s ⁇ 1 from 8 o'clock to 18 o'clock of the day, and then from 18 o'clock to 24 o'clock and 0 o'clock. The same operation as in Example 2 was performed except that R600 ⁇ mol ⁇ m ⁇ 2 ⁇ s ⁇ 1 was irradiated between -4 hours and the dark period was set between 4 o'clock and 8 o'clock.
  • the DLI of R was 21.6 mol ⁇ m ⁇ 2 ⁇ day ⁇ 1
  • the DLI of B was 7.2 mol ⁇ m ⁇ 2 ⁇ day ⁇ 1
  • R between the 0th planting and the 21st planting.
  • the total DLI of B was set to 28.8 mol ⁇ m ⁇ 2 ⁇ day ⁇ 1 .
  • the light irradiation time per day was 24 hours from the 0th planting day to the 14th planting day, and 20 hours from the 14th planting day to the 21st planting day.
  • the irradiation light amount ratio of the red illumination light was set to 75%.
  • Example 4 (Example 4, AI-D6) Light irradiation for 7 days from the 14th day of planting to the 21st day of planting was performed with B222 ⁇ mol ⁇ m ⁇ 2 ⁇ s ⁇ 1 between 8 o'clock and 17 o'clock of the day, and then from 17:00 to 24 o'clock and 0 The same procedure as in Example 2 was conducted, except that R667 ⁇ mol ⁇ m ⁇ 2 ⁇ s ⁇ 1 was irradiated between 2:00 and 2:00 and the dark period was set between 2:00 and 8:00.
  • the DLI of R was 21.6 mol ⁇ m ⁇ 2 ⁇ day ⁇ 1
  • the DLI of B was 7.2 mol ⁇ m ⁇ 2 ⁇ day ⁇ 1
  • R between the 0th planting and the 21st planting.
  • the total DLI of B was set to 28.8 mol ⁇ m ⁇ 2 ⁇ day ⁇ 1 .
  • the light irradiation time per day was 24 hours from the 0th planting day to the 14th planting day, and 18 hours from the 14th planting day to the 21st planting day.
  • the irradiation light amount ratio of the red illumination light was set to 75%.
  • the photosynthetic effective photon flux density (PPFD) was set to 503 ⁇ mol ⁇ m ⁇ 2 ⁇ s ⁇ 1
  • the DLI was set to 29.0 mol ⁇ m ⁇ 2 ⁇ day ⁇ 1 .
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining an outline of a rooting test performed on seedlings obtained under the conditions of Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Example 1.
  • the state at the time of starting planting (day 0 of planting) is shown on the left side, and the state immersed in the culture solution n days after planting (n is 1 to 21) is shown on the right side.
  • R n and R 0 mean root weights at the time of planting n day and 0 day, respectively.
  • T n and T 0 mean the above-ground weights on the nth day of planting and the 0th day, respectively.
  • a hydrophilic non-woven fabric 30 (manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd., germ guard, thickness) is contained in the culture solution 20 (manufactured by Otsuka Chemical Co., Ltd., 1 unit of Otsuka A) contained in a container 10. 2 mm, 0.11 g ⁇ cm ⁇ 3 ), and black non-woven fabric 40 (manufactured by Unitika Ltd., Love Sheet Black, 20307 BKD, thickness 0.13 mm, water permeability 85%, light shielding rate 75%) did.
  • the cell 50 which planted the seedling on the black nonwoven fabric 40 was mounted. The bottom of the cell 50 is removed so that liquid can be supplied at the root portion of the seedling.
  • both the hydrophilic non-woven fabric 30 and the black non-woven fabric 40 are immersed in the culture solution 20, the supply of the culture solution 20 to the root portion of the seedling is sufficiently performed through both the fabrics 30 and 40. Become. Moreover, since the periphery of the seedling is shielded from light by the silver multi 60, the roots are not dried during the treatment period.
  • FIG. 2 is a graph showing the R / T ratio before the start of the rooting test (day 0 of planting) and after the start (day 17 of planting).
  • the R / T ratio was calculated by dividing the root weight by the above-ground weight.
  • Examples 1 to 4 (AI-D0, AI-D2, AI-D4, AI-D6) were more at the end of the seedling period (day 0 of planting).
  • the ratio of the root weight to the above-ground weight of the seedling R / T ratio
  • FIG. 3 is a graph of the root increase rate ratio (establishment constant) obtained in Examples 1 to 4 (AI-D0, AI-D2, AI-D4, AI-D6) and Comparative Example 1 (Ctrl.). is there.
  • the root increase rate ratio was calculated by dividing the increase in root weight (R n -R 0 ) by the increase in above-ground weight (T n -T 0 ) as shown in the following equation.
  • Examples 1 to 4 Compared with Comparative Example 1, it was found that Examples 1 to 4 tended to have a higher root increase rate, and in Examples 2 to 4 in particular, the difference was noticeable. In Examples 2 to 4, it is considered that the increase in roots is further promoted by providing a dark period in which no light irradiation is performed.
  • FIG. 4 is a graph of specific root lengths obtained in Examples 1 to 4 (AI-D0, AI-D2, AI-D4, AI-D6) and Comparative Example 1 (Ctrl.).
  • the specific root length was calculated by dividing the root length by the root weight. Since the specific root length was smaller in Examples 1 to 4, it was shown that thicker roots were rooted in Examples 1 to 4 after planting than in Comparative Examples. From the above results, it is considered that there is a possibility that the subsequent growth of fruit and vegetable seedlings can be stabilized by making the irradiation conditions of artificial light appropriate.
  • the seedling raising method of the present invention by using artificial light, a high quality fruit vegetable seedling having roots well developed after planting, homogeneous, well-established and having good growth can be grown at low cost. Therefore, the present invention can be widely used as a technique for efficiently artificially cultivating high-quality fruit vegetables.
  • container 20 culture solution 30: hydrophilic non-woven fabric 40: black non-woven fabric 50: cell 60: silver multi

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Abstract

This method for raising a seedling is a method by which fruit and vegetable seedlings are alternately and repeatedly irradiated with red illumination light and blue illumination light, which are artificial light, wherein the daily cumulative photosynthesis-effective photon quantities of red illumination light and blue illumination light on a cultivation surface are 10-25 mol/m2∙day-1 and 4-15 mol/m2∙day-1, respectively, and the daily total irradiation time of the red illumination light and the blue illumination light is 16-24 hours.

Description

育苗方法Seedling method
　本発明は、果菜類苗の育苗方法に関し、詳しくは、果菜類苗に人工光を照射して、定植後に根がよく発達し、生育が良好となる高品質の果菜類苗を育成する育苗方法に関する。
　本願は、２０１６年３月２４日に、日本に出願された特願２０１６－０６０７３８号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。 The present invention relates to a method for raising fruit vegetable seedlings, and more specifically, a seedling method for cultivating high-quality fruit vegetable seedlings in which roots are well developed after planting by irradiating the fruit vegetable seedlings with artificial light and the growth is good. About.
This application claims priority on March 24, 2016 based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2016-060738 filed in Japan, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
　従来の植物栽培において、植物苗に人工光を照射して育苗を促す技術が取り入れられている。植物の生長を促進することにより、栽培期間を短縮して、同一の場所での収穫回数を増やすことができる。また、同じ栽培期間であっても、植物をより大きく生長させることができれば、収穫量を増やすことができる。 In conventional plant cultivation, technology that promotes seedlings by applying artificial light to plant seedlings has been incorporated. By promoting the growth of plants, the cultivation period can be shortened and the number of harvests at the same place can be increased. Moreover, even if it is the same cultivation period, if a plant can be grown more largely, a yield can be increased.
　例えば特許文献１には、青色光（４００～４８０ｎｍ）を放射する発光ダイオードと赤色光（６２０～７００ｎｍ）を放射する発光ダイオードを、同時もしくは交互に点灯することにより、植物の培養、生育、栽培及び組織培養のための光エネルギーを照射する、植物栽培用光源が開示されている。この植物栽培用光源は、葉緑素の光吸収ピーク（４５０ｎｍ付近及び６６０ｎｍ付近）に一致する波長の光のみを照射することによって、エネルギー効率良く植物を栽培しようとするものである。 For example, Patent Document 1 discloses that a light-emitting diode that emits blue light (400 to 480 nm) and a light-emitting diode that emits red light (620 to 700 nm) are turned on simultaneously or alternately, thereby culturing, growing and cultivating plants. And a light source for plant cultivation that irradiates light energy for tissue culture. This light source for plant cultivation is intended to cultivate a plant with high energy efficiency by irradiating only light having a wavelength matching the light absorption peak of chlorophyll (around 450 nm and around 660 nm).
　特許文献１には、青色光と赤色光を同時に照射しても交互に照射してもよいことが規定されている（当該文献［請求項１］参照）。しかし、特許文献１では、青色光あるいは赤色光の単独照射と、青色光および赤色光の同時照射との比較において、同時照射下では日光下での栽培と同様の健全な生長（単独照射における徒長などの不健全な生長と比較して）が確認されているが（当該文献段落［００１１］参照）、青色光と赤色光を交互に照射した場合の生長促進効果については確認されていない。従って、特許文献１は、青色光と赤色光の交互照射による植物栽培方法を実質的に開示するものとはなっていない。 Patent Document 1 stipulates that blue light and red light may be irradiated simultaneously or alternately (see [Claim 1]). However, in Patent Document 1, in comparison between single irradiation of blue light or red light and simultaneous irradiation of blue light and red light, healthy growth similar to cultivation in sunlight under the simultaneous irradiation (the length of the single irradiation) (See paragraph [0011] in the document), but the effect of promoting growth when blue light and red light are alternately applied has not been confirmed. Therefore, Patent Document 1 does not substantially disclose a plant cultivation method by alternately irradiating blue light and red light.
　また、特許文献２には、人工的に制御された明暗サイクル下で栽培光を照射して植物を栽培するための栽培光制御方法が開示されている。ここでの明暗サイクルは、栽培光が照射される明期と、この明期における光量よりも少ない光量が照射されるか、又は光量のない暗期を有するものとされている。明暗サイクルの周期は、植物が有する固有のフリーラン周期と異なる周期であり、暗期が光合成活性の低い時間帯に設定されているか、又は明期が光合成活性の高い時間帯に設定されている。 Patent Document 2 discloses a cultivation light control method for cultivating plants by irradiating cultivation light under an artificially controlled light-dark cycle. Here, the light / dark cycle has a light period when the cultivation light is irradiated, and a light period less than the light quantity in this light period, or a dark period with no light amount. The cycle of the light / dark cycle is different from the inherent free-run cycle of the plant, and the dark period is set to a time zone with low photosynthetic activity, or the light cycle is set to a time zone with high photosynthetic activity. .
　また、特許文献３には、赤色照明光を植物に照射するステップと、青色照明光を同じ植物に照射するステップと、を各ステップの照射時間を３時間以上４８時間未満として、交互に連続して行う植物栽培方法が開示されている。 Further, in Patent Document 3, the step of irradiating a plant with red illumination light and the step of irradiating the same plant with blue illumination light are alternately repeated with the irradiation time of each step being 3 hours or more and less than 48 hours. A plant cultivation method is disclosed.
　また、特許文献４には、発芽した果菜類に赤色光を照射する手順と、発芽した果菜類に青色光を照射する手順を、交互に連続して、別個独立に行うことにより花芽を分化させる工程と、該花芽が分化した果菜類に、蛍光灯を用いて光を照射する工程を有する果菜類の栽培方法が開示されている。この栽培方法は、発芽した果菜類に赤色光を照射する手順及び発芽した果菜類に青色光を照射する手順を、それぞれ１回当たり３～４８時間の範囲内で行うことを特徴としている。 Further, in Patent Document 4, the procedure for irradiating germinated fruit vegetables with red light and the procedure for irradiating germinated fruit vegetables with blue light are alternately and continuously performed to differentiate flower buds. A method for cultivating fruit vegetables having a step and a step of irradiating the fruit vegetables with differentiated flower buds using a fluorescent lamp is disclosed. This cultivation method is characterized in that the procedure of irradiating germinated fruit and vegetables with red light and the procedure of irradiating germinated fruit and vegetables with blue light are performed within a range of 3 to 48 hours each time.
　また、特許文献５には、赤色光を植物に照射する工程（Ａ）と、青色光を植物に照射する工程（Ｂ）とを、一定期間内に別個独立に行う植物栽培方法が開示されている。この栽培方法は、工程（Ａ）における赤色光の光合成光量子束密度を１５０μｍｏｌ／ｍ２ｓよりも大きくし、工程（Ｂ）における青色光の光合成光量子束密度を５０μｍｏｌ／ｍ２ｓよりも大きくし、かつ工程（Ａ）および工程（Ｂ）における植物栽培環境の二酸化炭素濃度をいずれも１３００ｐｐｍ以上とすることを特徴としている。 Patent Document 5 discloses a plant cultivation method in which the step (A) of irradiating a plant with red light and the step (B) of irradiating a plant with blue light are independently performed within a certain period of time. Yes. The cultivation method, the photosynthetic photon flux density of the red light in Step (A) was greater than 150 [mu] mol / m 2 s, the photosynthetic photon flux density of the blue light in the step (B) is larger than 50 [mu] mol / m 2 s In addition, the carbon dioxide concentration in the plant cultivation environment in the step (A) and the step (B) is 1300 ppm or more.
特開平８－１０３１６７号公報JP-A-8-103167 特開２０１２－１７９００９号公報JP 2012-179909 A 特許第５７２９７８６号公報Japanese Patent No. 5729786 特許第５７２３８９８号公報Japanese Patent No. 5723898 特開２０１５－２０４８０１号公報Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2015-204801
　特許文献１～５に開示されているような従来技術によって得られる果菜類の苗は、地上部重量に対する根重量の割合（Ｒ／Ｔ比）が低く、定植後に、根の部分が十分に発達しない傾向にある。 The seedlings of fruit vegetables obtained by conventional techniques as disclosed in Patent Documents 1 to 5 have a low ratio of the root weight to the above-ground weight (R / T ratio), and the root part is sufficiently developed after planting. There is a tendency not to.
　本発明は、上記事情を鑑みてなされたものであり、定植後に根がよく発達し、均質で活着がよく、生育が良好な高品質の果菜類苗を安価に育苗することが可能な、果菜類苗の育苗方法を提供することを目的とするものである。 The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and is a fruit vegetable that has good root growth after planting, is capable of growing a high-quality fruit vegetable seedling that is homogeneous, well-established, and has good growth at low cost. The object is to provide a method for raising seedlings.
　本発明者らは、人工光の照射による果菜類苗の育苗方法について鋭意検討を行った結果、赤色照明光と青色照明光を交互かつ連続に照射する方法を行うとき、特定の光量子量と照射時間を選択するときに目的が達成されることを見出し、本発明を完成した。 As a result of intensive studies on a method for raising fruit and vegetable seedlings by irradiation with artificial light, the present inventors have determined that when performing a method of alternately and continuously irradiating red illumination light and blue illumination light, a specific photon amount and irradiation We have found that the objective is achieved when selecting time and have completed the present invention.
　すなわち、本発明は以下の通りである。
［１］果菜類の苗に対して、人工光である赤色照明光と青色照明光とを、交互かつ繰り返し照射して行う育苗方法であって、栽培面に照射する赤色照明光、青色照明光の日積算光合成有効光量子量を、それぞれ１０～２５ｍｏｌ／ｍ２・ｄａｙ－１、４～１５ｍｏｌ／ｍ２・ｄａｙ－１とし、前記赤色照明光、前記青色照明光の一日当たりの照射時間の合計を、１６～２４時間とすることを特徴とする育苗方法。
［２］前記赤色照明光の照射光量比率を、５０％以上９０％以下とすることを特徴とする［１］に記載の育苗方法。
［３］前記果菜類として、ナス科、ウリ科、マメ科、バラ科のうち、いずれかに属するものを用いることを特徴とする［１］または［２］のいずれかに記載の育苗方法。
［４］前記ナス科の果菜類のうちナス、トマト、ピーマン、シシトウ、トウガラシ、パプリカ、前記ウリ科の果菜類のうちキュウリ、カボチャ、シロウリ、マクワウリ、ニガウリ、ズッキーニ、トウガン、スイカ、メロン、前記マメ科の果菜類のうちサヤインゲン、サヤエンドウ、ソラマメ、エダマメ、前記バラ科の果菜類のうちイチゴ、のいずれかを用いることを特徴とする［３］に記載の育苗方法。
［５］前記果菜類としてナス科ものを用いることを特徴とする［１］または［２］のいずれかに記載の育苗方法。
［６］前記ナス科の果菜類として、ナス、トマト、ピーマン、シシトウ、トウガラシ、パプリカのいずれかを用いることを特徴とする［５］に記載の育苗方法。
［７］前記ナス科の果菜類として、トマトを用いることを特徴とする［５］に記載の育苗方法。
［８］前記赤色照明光として、ピーク波長が５７０ｎｍ～７３０ｎｍであり、中心波長が６４５ｎｍ～６８０ｎｍである光を用いることを特徴とする［１］～［７］のいずれか一つに記載の育苗方法。
［９］前記青色照明光として、ピーク波長が４００ｎｍ～５１５ｎｍであり、中心波長が４４０ｎｍ～４６０ｎｍである光を用いることを特徴とする［１］～［８］のいずれか一つに記載の育苗方法。
［１０］前記赤色照明光および前記青色照明光の光源として、ＬＥＤを用いることを特徴とする［１］～［９］のいずれか一つに記載の育苗方法。 That is, the present invention is as follows.
[1] A seedling raising method in which red and blue illumination light, which is artificial light, are alternately and repeatedly applied to seedlings of fruit vegetables, and the red illumination light and the blue illumination light are applied to the cultivation surface. the day cumulative photosynthetically active photon amount, respectively 10 ~ 25mol / m 2 · day -1, and 4 ~ 15mol / m 2 · day -1, the sum of the red illumination light, the daily irradiation time of the blue illumination light For 16 to 24 hours.
[2] The seedling raising method according to [1], wherein an irradiation light amount ratio of the red illumination light is 50% or more and 90% or less.
[3] The seedling-raising method according to any one of [1] or [2], wherein the fruit vegetables are those belonging to any of the family Solanum, Cucurbitaceae, Legumeaceae, and Rosaceae.
[4] Eggplant, tomato, pepper, pepper, capsicum, paprika, cucumber, pumpkin, shirori, cucumber, bittern, zucchini, tougan, watermelon, melon, The seedling raising method as set forth in [3], wherein any one of legume fruits and vegetables is used: bean beans, green peas, broad beans, green beans, and strawberry among the rose family fruits and vegetables.
[5] The seedling raising method according to any one of [1] or [2], wherein a solanaceous one is used as the fruit vegetables.
[6] The method for raising seedlings according to [5], wherein any one of eggplant, tomato, pepper, pepper, pepper, and paprika is used as the fruit vegetable of the solanaceous family.
[7] The seedling raising method according to [5], wherein tomatoes are used as the fruit vegetables of the solanaceous family.
[8] The seedling raising according to any one of [1] to [7], wherein light having a peak wavelength of 570 nm to 730 nm and a center wavelength of 645 nm to 680 nm is used as the red illumination light Method.
[9] The seedling raising according to any one of [1] to [8], wherein light having a peak wavelength of 400 nm to 515 nm and a center wavelength of 440 nm to 460 nm is used as the blue illumination light Method.
[10] The seedling raising method according to any one of [1] to [9], wherein an LED is used as a light source of the red illumination light and the blue illumination light.
　本発明により、定植後に根がよく発達し、均質で活着がよく、定植後の生育が良好な高品質の果菜類苗を安価に育苗することが可能な、果菜類苗の育苗方法が提供することができる。 According to the present invention, there is provided a method for raising seedlings of fruit vegetable seedlings capable of growing inexpensively seedlings of high quality fruit and vegetable seedlings whose roots are well developed after planting, homogeneous and well-established, and having good growth after planting. be able to.
本発明の実施例として行った発根試験の概要を説明する図である。It is a figure explaining the outline | summary of the rooting test done as an Example of this invention. 本発明の実施例として行った発根試験の結果を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the result of the rooting test done as an Example of this invention. 本発明の実施例として行った発根試験の結果を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the result of the rooting test done as an Example of this invention. 本発明の実施例として行った発根試験の結果を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the result of the rooting test done as an Example of this invention.
　以下、本発明を実施するための好適な実施形態について説明する。なお、以下の説明は、本発明の代表的な実施形態の一例を示したものであり、本発明の範囲がこの実施形態の範囲に限定されることはない。 Hereinafter, preferred embodiments for carrying out the present invention will be described. The following description shows an example of a typical embodiment of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited to the scope of this embodiment.
　本発明の一実施形態に係る育苗方法は、果菜類の苗に対して、人工光である赤色照明光と青色照明光とを、交互かつ繰り返し照射して行うものである。ここでの「交互かつ繰り返し」は、赤色照明光の照射と青色照明光の照射を交互に行い、これを２回以上繰り返すことを意味し、赤色照明光の照射時間と青色照明光の照射時間の間に、光を照射しない時間を設けてもよいし、設けなくてもよい。つまり、赤色照明光の照射と青色照明光の照射は、連続して行ってもよいし、連続して行わなくてもよい。 The seedling raising method according to an embodiment of the present invention is performed by alternately and repeatedly irradiating fruit and vegetable seedlings with red illumination light and blue illumination light, which are artificial lights. Here, “alternate and repeat” means that irradiation with red illumination light and irradiation with blue illumination light are performed alternately, and this is repeated two or more times. Irradiation time with red illumination light and irradiation time with blue illumination light Between these, the time which does not irradiate light may be provided, and it is not necessary to provide. That is, the irradiation with the red illumination light and the irradiation with the blue illumination light may be performed continuously or may not be performed continuously.
　本実施形態の育苗方法では、特定の光量子量と照射時間を、次の条件を満たすように決定することを特徴としている。
　すなわち、赤色照明光の日積算光合成有効光量子量を、１０～２５ｍｏｌ／ｍ２・ｄａｙ－１（１０ｍｏｌ／ｍ２・ｄａｙ－１以上２５ｍｏｌ／ｍ２・ｄａｙ－１以下）とする。
　また、青色照明光の日積算光合成有効光量子量を、４～１５ｍｏｌ／ｍ２・ｄａｙ－１（４ｍｏｌ／ｍ２・ｄａｙ－１以上１５ｍｏｌ／ｍ２・ｄａｙ－１以下）とする。
　また、赤色照明光、青色照明光の一日当たりの照射時間の合計を、１６～２４時間（１６時間以上２４時間以下）とする。 The seedling raising method of this embodiment is characterized in that a specific photon amount and irradiation time are determined so as to satisfy the following conditions.
That is, the daily integrated photosynthesis effective light quantum amount of the red illumination light is set to 10 to 25 mol / m 2 · day −1 (10 mol / m 2 · day −1 to 25 mol / m 2 · day −1 or less).
Also, the day cumulative photosynthetic photon amount of blue illumination light, and 4 ~ 15mol / m 2 · day -1 (4mol / m 2 · day -1 or more 15mol / m 2 · day -1 or less).
The total irradiation time per day of the red illumination light and the blue illumination light is 16 to 24 hours (16 hours to 24 hours).
　日積算光合成有効光量子量（Ｄａｉｌｙ　ｌｉｇｈｔ　ｉｎｔｅｇｒａｌ；ＤＬＩ）、すなわち、１日に単位面積当たりに照射する光の光量子量は、栽培面において光量子計を用いて測定された光合成有効光量子束密度に、一日当たりの照射時間を乗じて算出される。ここで、栽培面とは、苗を栽培するためのポットやセルトレイ等の支持体を置く場所を意味する。 Daily photosynthesis effective photon quantity (Daily light integral; DLI), that is, photon quantity of light irradiated per unit area per day is equal to the photosynthesis effective photon flux density measured using a photonometer on the cultivation surface. Calculated by multiplying the irradiation time per day. Here, a cultivation surface means the place which puts support bodies, such as a pot for growing a seedling, and a cell tray.
　本実施形態に係る赤色照明光の日積算光合成有効光量子量は、上述した範囲１０～２５ｍｏｌ／ｍ２・ｄａｙ－１のうち、１４～２４ｍｏｌ／ｍ２・ｄａｙ－１（１４ｍｏｌ／ｍ２・ｄａｙ－１以上２４ｍｏｌ／ｍ２・ｄａｙ－１以下）とすることが好ましく、１８～２３ｍｏｌ／ｍ２・ｄａｙ－１（１８ｍｏｌ／ｍ２・ｄａｙ－１以上２３ｍｏｌ／ｍ２・ｄａｙ－１以下）とすることがより好ましい。 Day cumulative photosynthetic photon amount of red illumination light according to the present embodiment, within the range 10 ~ 25mol / m 2 · day -1 described above, 14 ~ 24mol / m 2 · day -1 (14mol / m 2 · day is preferably set to -1 or more 24mol / m 2 · day -1 or less), 18 ~ 23mol / m 2 · day -1 and (18mol / m 2 · day -1 or more 23mol / m 2 · day -1 or less) More preferably.
　赤色照射光の日積算光合成有効光量子量が１０ｍｏｌ／ｍ２より少ないと、苗の生育が悪くなり良好な育苗が行えない。一方、赤色照射光の日積算光合成有効光量子量が２５ｍｏｌ／ｍ２を超えても苗の生育は変わらず、エネルギーを無駄に消費することになる。 If the daily integrated photosynthesis effective photon amount of the red irradiation light is less than 10 mol / m 2 , the growth of the seedlings is deteriorated and good seedlings cannot be produced. On the other hand, even if the daily integrated photosynthesis effective photon amount of the red irradiation light exceeds 25 mol / m 2 , the growth of the seedling does not change, and energy is wasted.
　本実施形態に係る青色照明光の日積算光合成有効光量子量は、上述した範囲４～１５ｍｏｌ／ｍ２・ｄａｙ－１のうち、６～１２ｍｏｌ／ｍ２・ｄａｙ－１（６ｍｏｌ／ｍ２・ｄａｙ－１以上１２ｍｏｌ／ｍ２・ｄａｙ－１以下）とすることが好ましく、７～１０ｍｏｌ／ｍ２・ｄａｙ－１（７ｍｏｌ／ｍ２・ｄａｙ－１以上１０ｍｏｌ／ｍ２・ｄａｙ－１以下）とすることがより好ましい。 Day cumulative photosynthetic photon amount of the blue illumination light according to the present embodiment, within the range 4 ~ 15mol / m 2 · day -1 described above, 6 ~ 12mol / m 2 · day -1 (6mol / m 2 · day is preferably set to -1 or more 12mol / m 2 · day -1 or less), 7 ~ 10mol / m 2 · day -1 (7mol / m 2 · day -1 or more 10mol / m 2 · day -1 or less) and More preferably.
　青色照射光の日積算光合成有効光量子量が４ｍｏｌ／ｍ２・ｄａｙ－１より少ないと、苗の生育が悪くなり良好な育苗が行えない。一方、青色照射光の日積算光合成有効光量子量が１５ｍｏｌ／ｍ２・ｄａｙ－１を超えても苗の生育は変わらず、エネルギーを無駄に消費することになる。 If the daily photosynthesis effective photon amount of the blue irradiation light is less than 4 mol / m 2 · day −1 , the growth of the seedlings deteriorates and good seedlings cannot be grown. On the other hand, even if the daily integrated photosynthesis effective photon amount of blue irradiation light exceeds 15 mol / m 2 · day −1 , the growth of the seedling does not change, and energy is wasted.
　赤色照明光の照射時間と青色照明光の照射時間を合わせた、一日当たりの光照射時間は、上述した範囲１６～２４時間のうち、１８～２４時間（１８時間以上２４時間以下）とすることが好ましい。赤色照明光の照射時間が１６時間より少ないと、苗の生育が悪くなり、良好な育苗を行うことが難しい。 The light irradiation time per day, combining the irradiation time of the red illumination light and the irradiation time of the blue illumination light, shall be 18 to 24 hours (18 hours or more and 24 hours or less) in the above range of 16 to 24 hours. Is preferred. If the irradiation time of the red illumination light is less than 16 hours, the growth of the seedlings is deteriorated and it is difficult to perform good seedling raising.
　一日当たりの光照射時間のうち、赤色照明光の照射時間の比率（照射光量比率）は、５０％以上９０％以下とすることが好ましく、６０％以上８０％以下とすることがより好ましい。赤色照明光の照射時間比率が５０％より低いと苗の生育が悪くなり、９０％より高いと苗が徒長し、いずれの場合も良好な育苗ができない。 Of the light irradiation time per day, the ratio of the irradiation time of red illumination light (irradiation light amount ratio) is preferably 50% or more and 90% or less, and more preferably 60% or more and 80% or less. If the irradiation time ratio of the red illumination light is lower than 50%, the growth of the seedlings is deteriorated. If the irradiation time ratio is higher than 90%, the seedlings are grown.
　赤色照明光、青色照明光の光源としては、従来公知の光源を用いることができるが、波長の選択が容易で、有効波長域の光エネルギーの占める割合が大きい光を放射することから、発光ダイオード（ＬＥＤ）、レーザーダイオード（ＬＤ）等の光半導体素子を用いることが好ましい。ＬＥＤとして、エレクトロルミネッセンス（ＥＬ）を用いる場合、そのＥＬは、有機ＥＬであってもよいし、無機ＥＬであってもよい。 As a light source of red illumination light and blue illumination light, a conventionally known light source can be used. However, since the selection of the wavelength is easy and light with a large proportion of the light energy in the effective wavelength region is emitted, the light emitting diode It is preferable to use an optical semiconductor element such as (LED) or laser diode (LD). When electroluminescence (EL) is used as the LED, the EL may be an organic EL or an inorganic EL.
　本実施形態における赤色照明光は、少なくとも、ピーク波長が５７０ｎｍ～７３０ｎｍであり、中心波長が６４５ｎｍ～６８０ｎｍである赤色光を含む照明光である。赤色照明光は、赤色光と異なる波長域の光を含んでいてもよいが、次に述べる青色光を含んでいないことが好ましく、赤色光と異なる波長域の光を含んでいなければ、より好ましい。つまり、赤色照明光は、赤色光のみによって構成される光であることが、より好ましい。 The red illumination light in this embodiment is illumination light including red light having at least a peak wavelength of 570 nm to 730 nm and a center wavelength of 645 nm to 680 nm. The red illumination light may include light in a wavelength range different from that of red light, but preferably does not include blue light described below, and if the light does not include light in a wavelength range different from red light, preferable. That is, it is more preferable that the red illumination light is light composed only of red light.
　本実施形態における青色照明光は、少なくとも、ピーク波長が４００ｎｍ～５１５ｎｍであり、中心波長が４４０ｎｍ～４６０ｎｍである青色光を含む照明光である。青色照明光は、青色光と異なる波長域の光を含んでいてもよいが、先に述べた赤色光を含んでいないことが好ましく、青色光と異なる波長域の光を含んでいなければ、より好ましい。つまり、青色照明光は、青色光のみによって構成される光であることが、より好ましい。 The blue illumination light in this embodiment is illumination light including blue light having a peak wavelength of 400 nm to 515 nm and a center wavelength of 440 nm to 460 nm. The blue illumination light may include light in a wavelength range different from that of blue light, but preferably does not include the red light described above, and if it does not include light in a wavelength range different from that of blue light, More preferred. That is, it is more preferable that the blue illumination light is light composed only of blue light.
　本実施形態に係る育苗方法において、育苗時の温度は、一般的に育苗を行う温度であればよいが、具体的には１６～２８℃であれば好ましく、１７～２６℃であればより好ましく、１８～２５℃であればさらに好ましい。 In the seedling raising method according to the present embodiment, the temperature at the time of seedling may be a temperature at which seedling is generally raised, but is specifically preferably 16 to 28 ° C, more preferably 17 to 26 ° C. 18 to 25 ° C. is more preferable.
　育苗時における周囲の炭酸ガス濃度に関しては、制限がなく、通常の大気中の濃度と同程度に設定してもよいし、さらに炭酸ガスを付加して高濃度に設定してもよい。ただし、炭酸ガスを付加する場合、経済性および生育への影響の観点から、設定濃度を４００～１２００ｐｐｍとすることが好ましく、６００～１１００ｐｐｍとすればより好ましく、７００～１０００ｐｐｍとすればさらに好ましい。 The concentration of surrounding carbon dioxide at the time of raising seedlings is not limited, and may be set to the same level as normal atmospheric concentration, or may be set to a high concentration by adding carbon dioxide. However, when carbon dioxide gas is added, the set concentration is preferably 400 to 1200 ppm, more preferably 600 to 1100 ppm, and even more preferably 700 to 1000 ppm, from the viewpoints of economy and influence on growth.
　育苗に用いる肥料としては、一般的な育苗に用いられるものであればよく、市販の肥料を用いることができる。また、肥料の有効成分を適宜個別に配合して用いることもできる。 Fertilizers used for raising seedlings may be those used for general raising seedlings, and commercially available fertilizers can be used. Moreover, the active ingredient of a fertilizer can also be suitably mix | blended separately and used.
　当該育苗方法が対象とする果菜類とは、野菜の中で果実又は種実を食用にする植物を意味する。果菜類としては、例えば、ナス科、ウリ科、マメ科、バラ科のうち、いずれかに属するものを用いることができる。 The fruit and vegetables targeted by the method for raising seedlings means a plant that eats fruits or seeds among vegetables. As the fruits and vegetables, for example, those belonging to any one of eggplant family, cucurbitaceae family, legume family and rose family can be used.
　ナス科の果菜類としては、例えば、ナス、トマト、ピーマン、シシトウ、トウガラシ、パプリカ等のいずれかを用いることができる。
　ウリ科の果菜類としては、例えば、キュウリ、カボチャ、シロウリ、マクワウリ、ニガウリ、ズッキーニ、トウガン、スイカ、メロン等のいずれかを用いることができる。
　マメ科の果菜類としては、例えば、サヤインゲン、サヤエンドウ、ソラマメ、エダマメ等のいずれかを用いることができる。
　バラ科の果菜類としては、例えばイチゴ等を用いることができる。 For example, eggplant, tomato, pepper, pepper, capsicum, paprika, etc. can be used as the fruit vegetable of the solanaceous family.
As the cucurbitaceae fruits and vegetables, for example, any of cucumbers, pumpkins, shirouri, makuwauri, bitter gourd, zucchini, tougan, watermelon, melon and the like can be used.
As legumes, for example, any one of green beans, green peas, broad beans, green beans and the like can be used.
As the fruits and vegetables of the Rosaceae family, for example, strawberries can be used.
　以上のように、本実施形態に係る育苗方法では、１日に単位面積当たりに照射する赤色照明光、青色照明光の光量子量を、それぞれ１０～２５ｍｏｌ／ｍ２、４～１５ｍｏｌ／ｍ２とし、かつ一日当たりの照射時間の合計を１６～２４時間として、果菜類苗に対して交互かつ連続に照射する。これにより、ヤシガラ、ウレタン樹脂、土壌等の支持体への定植後に根がよく発達し、均質で活着がよく、定植後の生育が良好な高品質の果菜類苗を育苗することが可能となる。 As described above, in the seedling method according to the present embodiment, the unit red illumination light irradiated per area, the photon of blue illumination light, respectively with 10 ~ 25mol / m 2, 4 ~ 15mol / m 2 per day And the total irradiation time per day is 16 to 24 hours, and the fruit and vegetable seedlings are irradiated alternately and continuously. This makes it possible to grow high-quality fruit vegetable seedlings that develop roots well after planting on a support such as coconut shell, urethane resin, and soil, are homogeneous and well-planted, and grow well after planting. .
　以下、実施例により本発明の効果をより明らかなものとする。なお、本発明は、以下の実施例に限定されるものではなく、その要旨を変更しない範囲で適宜変更して実施することができる。 Hereinafter, the effects of the present invention will be made clearer by examples. In addition, this invention is not limited to a following example, In the range which does not change the summary, it can change suitably and can implement.
　本発明の育苗方法を用いて、果菜類の苗を育苗する実験を行った。この実験は、苗テラス（人工光育苗装置４段×６棚、三菱樹脂アグリドリーム）内で行った。実験サンプルとして、‘桃太郎ヨーク’（タキイ種苗）のトマトを使用した。７２穴のセルトレイ（セルトレーＡＰ、東罐興業株式会社製）を構成する各セルに、培養土（種培土1号、スミリン製）を充填し、１セル当たりに１粒を播種した。 The experiment for raising seedlings of fruit vegetables was conducted using the seedling raising method of the present invention. This experiment was conducted in a seedling terrace (artificial photo-nurturing seedling device 4 stages × 6 shelves, Mitsubishi Plastics Agridream). As an experimental sample, 'Momotaro York' (Takii seedling) tomato was used. Each cell constituting a 72-hole cell tray (Cell Tray AP, manufactured by Toagokogyo Co., Ltd.) was filled with culture soil (Seed Culture No. 1, manufactured by Sumirin), and one seed was seeded per cell.
　播種後の培養土を、セルトレイとともに、２７℃に保った催芽器内に３日間収容し、播種後３日目に苗テラスに定植し（定植０日目）、光照射しながら定植２１日目まで育苗を行った。培養液として、１Ｌ当たりにハイテンポＣｕ（住友化学株式会社製）２．９３ｍＬとハイテンポＡｒ（住友化学株式会社製）０．９８ｍＬを溶解したものを用い、その電気伝導度（ＥＣ）を１．６ｄＳ／ｍ、ｐＨを５．９とした。窒素（Ｎ）、リン酸（Ｐ）、カリウム（Ｋ）の含有比率について、Ｎ：Ｐ：Ｋ＝５．９：１．１：２．４とした。 The seeded culture soil is housed together with a cell tray in a sprouting device maintained at 27 ° C. for 3 days, and planted on a seedling terrace on the third day after sowing (day 0 of planting), and planted on the 21st day with light irradiation. Raised seedlings. As a culture solution, a solution obtained by dissolving 2.93 mL of high tempo Cu (manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.) and 0.98 mL of high tempo Ar (manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.) per liter is used, and its electric conductivity (EC) is 1.6 dS. / M, pH was set to 5.9. The content ratio of nitrogen (N), phosphoric acid (P), and potassium (K) was N: P: K = 5.9: 1.1: 2.4.
　潅水は、１日１回、１０分間（８時から８時１０分まで）行い、セルトレイの底面から３０ｍｍ程度の高さまで培養液が満たされた状態とした。 Irrigation was performed once a day for 10 minutes (from 8:00 to 8:10), and the culture solution was filled to a height of about 30 mm from the bottom of the cell tray.
　育苗温度は、毎日０時～８時の間は１８℃とし、８時～０時の間は２５℃とした。苗テラス内のＣＯ２濃度は１０００ｐｐｍとした。 The seedling raising temperature was 18 ° C. between 0:00 and 8:00 every day and 25 ° C. between 8:00 and 0:00. The CO 2 concentration in the seedling terrace was 1000 ppm.
　光源としては、赤色照明光と青色照明光の照明（ＲＲＢ、品番：ＵＬ０００５＃０１－０Ｒ、ＬＥＤチップ：赤１６０個＋青８０個、ピーク波長：赤６６０ｎｍ、青４５０ｎｍ、昭和電工株式会社製）を備えた、直管型ＬＥＤ照明を使用した。タイマー付き調光器によって各色独立して調光し、照射光量の調整を行った（略号：赤色照射光；Ｒ、青色照射光；Ｂと表記）。 As the light source, illumination of red illumination light and blue illumination light (RRB, product number: UL0005 # 01-0R, LED chip: 160 red + 80 blue, peak wavelength: red 660 nm, blue 450 nm, manufactured by Showa Denko KK) A straight tube type LED illumination with Each color was dimmed independently by a dimmer with a timer, and the amount of irradiation light was adjusted (abbreviation: red irradiation light; R, blue irradiation light; expressed as B).
　ＬＥＤによる照射条件（ＬＥＤ照射区）を変えて、実施例１～４を行った。各実施例における具体的なＬＥＤ照射条件を、次のように設定した。 Examples 1 to 4 were carried out by changing the irradiation conditions with LEDs (LED irradiation section). Specific LED irradiation conditions in each example were set as follows.
（実施例１、ＡＩ－Ｄ０）
　定植０日目から定植２１日目まで、一日のうち、０時～１２時の間にＢ１６６μｍｏｌ・ｍ－２・ｓ－１を照射し、その後、１２時～２４時の間にＲ５００μｍｏｌ・ｍ－２・ｓ－１を照射した。この時、ＲのＤＬＩを２１．６ｍｏｌ・ｍ－２・ｄａｙ－１、ＢのＤＬＩを７．２ｍｏｌ・ｍ－２・ｄａｙ－１、ＲとＢの合計のＤＬＩを２８．８ｍｏｌ・ｍ－２・ｄａｔ－１とし、一日当たりの光照射時間を２４時間とし、赤色照明光の照射光量比率を７５％とした。 (Example 1, AI-D0)
From planting day 0 planting day 21, one day, is irradiated with 0 pm ~ B166μmol · m -2 · s -1 at 12 o'clock, then, R500μmol · m -2 · s at 12 to 24 o'clock -1 irradiation. At this time, the DLI of R is 21.6 mol · m −2 · day −1 , the DLI of B is 7.2 mol · m −2 · day −1 , and the total DLI of R and B is 28.8 mol · m −2. Dat −1 , the light irradiation time per day was 24 hours, and the irradiation light amount ratio of the red illumination light was 75%.
（実施例２、ＡＩ－Ｄ２）
　定植０日目から定植１４日目までの１４日間は、一日のうち、０時～１２時の間にＢ１６６μｍｏｌ・ｍ－２・ｓ－１を照射し、その後、１２時～２４時の間にＲ５００μｍｏｌ・ｍ－２・ｓ－１を照射した。この時、ＲのＤＬＩを２１．６ｍｏｌ・ｍ－２・ｄａｙ－１、ＢのＤＬＩを７．２ｍｏｌ・ｍ－２・ｄａｙ－１、ＲとＢの合計のＤＬＩを２８．８ｍｏｌ・ｍ－２・ｄａｙ－１とし、一日当たりの光照射時間を２４時間とし、赤色照明光の照射光量比率を７５％とした。 (Example 2, AI-D2)
For 14 days from the 0th day to the 14th day of planting, B166 μmol · m −2 · s −1 was irradiated from 0 o'clock to 12 o'clock in the day, and then R500 μmol · m between 12 o'clock and 24 o'clock. -2 · s -1 was irradiated. At this time, the DLI of R is 21.6 mol · m −2 · day −1 , the DLI of B is 7.2 mol · m −2 · day −1 , and the total DLI of R and B is 28.8 mol · m −2. -Day -1 ; light irradiation time per day was 24 hours; and the irradiation light amount ratio of red illumination light was 75%.
　定植１４日目から定植２１日目までの７日間は、一日のうち８時～１９時の間にＢ１８２μｍｏｌ・ｍ－２・ｓ－１を照射後、１９時～２４時および０時～６時の間にＲ５４５μｍｏｌ・ｍ－２・ｓ－１を照射し、６時から８時の間を暗期とした。この時、定植０日目から定植２１日目の間を通して、ＲのＤＬＩを２１．６ｍｏｌ・ｍ－２・ｄａｙ－１、ＢのＤＬＩを７．２ｍｏｌ・ｍ－２・ｄａｙ－１、ＲとＢの合計のＤＬＩを２８．８ｍｏｌ・ｍ－２・ｄａｙ－１とし、一日当たりの光照射時間を２２時間とし、赤色照明光の照射光量比率を７５％とした。 For 7 days from the 14th day to the 21st day of planting, between 18 o'clock and 19 o'clock of the day, B182 μmol · m −2 · s −1 was irradiated between 19 o'clock and 24 o'clock and between 0 o'clock and 6 o'clock. R545 μmol · m −2 · s −1 was irradiated, and the dark period was from 6 o'clock to 8 o'clock. At this time, the DLI of R was 21.6 mol · m −2 · day −1 , the DLI of B was 7.2 mol · m −2 · day −1 , and R between the 0th planting and the 21st planting. The total DLI of B was 28.8 mol · m −2 · day −1 , the light irradiation time per day was 22 hours, and the irradiation light amount ratio of red illumination light was 75%.
（実施例３、ＡＩ－Ｄ４）
　定植１４日目から定植２１日目までの７日間の光照射を、一日のうち８時～１８時の間Ｂ２００μ・ｍ－２・ｓ－１を照射し、その後、１８時～２４時および０時～４時の間にＲ６００μｍｏｌ・ｍ－２・ｓ－１を照射し、４時から８時の間を暗期とした他は、実施例２と同様に行った。この時、定植０日目から定植２１日目の間を通して、ＲのＤＬＩを２１．６ｍｏｌ・ｍ－２・ｄａｙ－１、ＢのＤＬＩを７．２ｍｏｌ・ｍ－２・ｄａｙ－１、ＲとＢの合計のＤＬＩを２８．８ｍｏｌ・ｍ－２・ｄａｙ－１とした。一日当たりの光照射時間について、定植０日目から定植１４日目までの間では２４時間、定植１４日目から定植２１日目までの間では２０時間とした。赤色照明光の照射光量比率を７５％とした。 (Example 3, AI-D4)
Light irradiation for 7 days from the 14th day of planting to the 21st day of planting was performed with B200μ · m −2 · s −1 from 8 o'clock to 18 o'clock of the day, and then from 18 o'clock to 24 o'clock and 0 o'clock. The same operation as in Example 2 was performed except that R600 μmol · m −2 · s −1 was irradiated between -4 hours and the dark period was set between 4 o'clock and 8 o'clock. At this time, the DLI of R was 21.6 mol · m −2 · day −1 , the DLI of B was 7.2 mol · m −2 · day −1 , and R between the 0th planting and the 21st planting. The total DLI of B was set to 28.8 mol · m −2 · day −1 . The light irradiation time per day was 24 hours from the 0th planting day to the 14th planting day, and 20 hours from the 14th planting day to the 21st planting day. The irradiation light amount ratio of the red illumination light was set to 75%.
（実施例４、ＡＩ－Ｄ６）
　定植１４日目から定植２１日目までの７日間の光照射を、一日のうち８時～１７時の間にＢ２２２μｍｏｌ・ｍ－２・ｓ－１を照射し、その後、１７時～２４時および０時～２時の間にＲ６６７μｍｏｌ・ｍ－２・ｓ－１を照射し、２時から８時の間を暗期とした他は、実施例２と同様に行った。この時、定植０日目から定植２１日目の間を通して、ＲのＤＬＩを２１．６ｍｏｌ・ｍ－２・ｄａｙ－１、ＢのＤＬＩを７．２ｍｏｌ・ｍ－２・ｄａｙ－１、ＲとＢの合計のＤＬＩを２８．８ｍｏｌ・ｍ－２・ｄａｙ－１とした。一日当たりの光照射時間について、定植０日目から定植１４日目までの間では２４時間、定植１４日目から定植２１日目までの間では１８時間とした。赤色照明光の照射光量比率を７５％とした。 (Example 4, AI-D6)
Light irradiation for 7 days from the 14th day of planting to the 21st day of planting was performed with B222 μmol · m −2 · s −1 between 8 o'clock and 17 o'clock of the day, and then from 17:00 to 24 o'clock and 0 The same procedure as in Example 2 was conducted, except that R667 μmol · m −2 · s −1 was irradiated between 2:00 and 2:00 and the dark period was set between 2:00 and 8:00. At this time, the DLI of R was 21.6 mol · m −2 · day −1 , the DLI of B was 7.2 mol · m −2 · day −1 , and R between the 0th planting and the 21st planting. The total DLI of B was set to 28.8 mol · m −2 · day −1 . The light irradiation time per day was 24 hours from the 0th planting day to the 14th planting day, and 18 hours from the 14th planting day to the 21st planting day. The irradiation light amount ratio of the red illumination light was set to 75%.
（比較例１、Ｃｔｒｌ．）
　比較用の光源として、３波長系昼白色Ｈｆ蛍光灯（ＦＨＦ３２ＥＸ－Ｎ－Ｈ、パナソニック株式会社製）を用いた育苗実験も行った。使用する本数は、栽培棚一段当たり６本とした。蛍光灯照射区（略号：ＦＬ）は、定植０日目から定植２１日目の間を通して、一日のうち０時～８時を暗期とし、８～２４時を明期とした。また、光量に関しては、光合成有効光量子束密度（ＰＰＦＤ)を５０３μｍｏｌ・ｍ－２・ｓ－１とし、ＤＬＩを２９．０ｍｏｌ・ｍ－２・ｄａｙ－１とした。 (Comparative Example 1, Ctrl.)
A seedling experiment using a three-wavelength daylight white Hf fluorescent lamp (FHF32EX-NH, manufactured by Panasonic Corporation) was also conducted as a comparative light source. The number to be used was six per cultivation shelf. In the fluorescent light irradiation zone (abbreviation: FL), from 0 to 8 o'clock in the day of planting, from 0 to 8 o'clock, the dark period was from 8 to 24 o'clock and from 8 to 24 o'clock was the light period. Regarding the amount of light, the photosynthetic effective photon flux density (PPFD) was set to 503 μmol · m −2 · s −1 , and the DLI was set to 29.0 mol · m −2 · day −1 .
（定植後の苗の生育の評価）
　上記条件で育苗した苗を、太陽光型植物工場内へ移した。苗からの発根を評価するため、以下の発根試験を行った。 (Evaluation of seedling growth after planting)
The seedlings grown under the above conditions were transferred into a solar-type plant factory. In order to evaluate rooting from seedlings, the following rooting test was performed.
　図１は、実施例１～４、比較例１の条件で得られた苗に対して行った、発根試験の概要を説明する図である。定植を開始する時点（定植０日目）での状態を左側に、定植ｎ日後（ｎは１～２１）の培養液に浸した状態を右側に示している。Ｒｎ、Ｒ０は、それぞれ定植ｎ日目、０日目の根重量を意味している。Ｔｎ、Ｔ０は、それぞれ定植ｎ日目、０日目の地上部重量を意味している。 FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining an outline of a rooting test performed on seedlings obtained under the conditions of Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Example 1. The state at the time of starting planting (day 0 of planting) is shown on the left side, and the state immersed in the culture solution n days after planting (n is 1 to 21) is shown on the right side. R n and R 0 mean root weights at the time of planting n day and 0 day, respectively. T n and T 0 mean the above-ground weights on the nth day of planting and the 0th day, respectively.
　図１に示すように、容器１０に収容された培養液２０（大塚化学株式会社製、大塚Ａ処方１単位）に、保水性のある親水性不織布３０（東洋紡株式会社製、ジャームガード、厚さ２ｍｍ、目付０．１１ｇ・ｃｍ－３）を浸し、その上に黒不織布４０（ユニチカ株式会社製、ラブシートブラック、２０３０７ＢＫＤ、厚さ０．１３ｍｍ、透水率８５％、遮光率７５％）を敷設した。そして、黒不織布４０上に苗を定植したセル５０を載置した。セル５０は、苗の根の部分で給液を行えるように、底部が除去されている。 As shown in FIG. 1, a hydrophilic non-woven fabric 30 (manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd., germ guard, thickness) is contained in the culture solution 20 (manufactured by Otsuka Chemical Co., Ltd., 1 unit of Otsuka A) contained in a container 10. 2 mm, 0.11 g · cm −3 ), and black non-woven fabric 40 (manufactured by Unitika Ltd., Love Sheet Black, 20307 BKD, thickness 0.13 mm, water permeability 85%, light shielding rate 75%) did. And the cell 50 which planted the seedling on the black nonwoven fabric 40 was mounted. The bottom of the cell 50 is removed so that liquid can be supplied at the root portion of the seedling.
　親水性不織布３０、黒不織布４０のいずれも培養液２０に浸されているため、両布３０、４０を介して、苗の根の部分への培養液２０の供給が、十分に行われることになる。また、苗の周辺はシルバーマルチ６０で遮光されているため、処理期間中に根が乾燥するようなことはない。 Since both the hydrophilic non-woven fabric 30 and the black non-woven fabric 40 are immersed in the culture solution 20, the supply of the culture solution 20 to the root portion of the seedling is sufficiently performed through both the fabrics 30 and 40. Become. Moreover, since the periphery of the seedling is shielded from light by the silver multi 60, the roots are not dried during the treatment period.
　発根試験の開始前（定植０日目）および開始後（定植１７日目）に、地上に出ている部分（地上部）の重量（地上部重量）および根の重量（根重量）を測定し、各種解析を行った。この解析には、根長形態構造解析システムＷｉｎＲｈｉｚｏ（Ｒｅｇｅｎｔ社製）を用いた。具体的には、地上部重量および根重量に加えて、根長および根の平均直径を測定し、Ｒ／Ｔ比、根増加速度比、比根長を算出して評価を行った。算出したＲ／Ｔ比、根増加速度比、比根長について、それぞれ図２～４に示す。 Measure the weight of the part (aboveground part) on the ground (ground part weight) and the weight of the root (root weight) before starting the rooting test (day 0 of planting) and after starting (day 17 of planting). Various analyzes were performed. For this analysis, a root length structure analysis system WinRhizo (manufactured by Regent) was used. Specifically, in addition to the above-ground weight and root weight, the root length and the average diameter of the root were measured, and the R / T ratio, root increasing speed ratio, and specific root length were calculated and evaluated. The calculated R / T ratio, root increase speed ratio, and specific root length are shown in FIGS.
　図２は、発根試験の開始前（定植０日目）および開始後（定植１７日目）におけるＲ／Ｔ比を示すグラフである。Ｒ／Ｔ比は、根重量を地上部重量で除して算出した。比較例１の蛍光灯（Ｃｔｒｌ．）に比べ、実施例１～４（ＡＩ－Ｄ０、ＡＩ－Ｄ２、ＡＩ－Ｄ４、ＡＩ－Ｄ６）の方が、育苗期間終了時（定植０日目）の苗の地上部重量に対する根重量の割合（Ｒ／Ｔ比）が低くなる傾向が見られた。ところが、発根試験の開始から１７日経過した時点では、大小関係が逆転しており、比較例１よりも実施例１～４の方が、Ｒ／Ｔ比が低くなる傾向が見られた。特に実施例４で最も高いＲ／Ｔ比が得られ、その後の乾物生産の増加が最も大きくなった。 FIG. 2 is a graph showing the R / T ratio before the start of the rooting test (day 0 of planting) and after the start (day 17 of planting). The R / T ratio was calculated by dividing the root weight by the above-ground weight. Compared with the fluorescent lamp (Ctrl.) Of Comparative Example 1, Examples 1 to 4 (AI-D0, AI-D2, AI-D4, AI-D6) were more at the end of the seedling period (day 0 of planting). There was a tendency for the ratio of the root weight to the above-ground weight of the seedling (R / T ratio) to be low. However, when 17 days had elapsed since the start of the rooting test, the magnitude relationship was reversed, and the R / T ratio tended to be lower in Examples 1 to 4 than in Comparative Example 1. In particular, the highest R / T ratio was obtained in Example 4, and the subsequent increase in dry matter production was the largest.
　図３は、実施例１～４（ＡＩ－Ｄ０、ＡＩ－Ｄ２、ＡＩ－Ｄ４、ＡＩ－Ｄ６）および比較例１（Ｃｔｒｌ．）において得られた、根増加速度比（活着定数）のグラフである。根増加速度比は、次の式で示すように、根重量の増加量（Ｒｎ－Ｒ０）を地上部重量の増加量（Ｔｎ－Ｔ０）で除して算出した。 FIG. 3 is a graph of the root increase rate ratio (establishment constant) obtained in Examples 1 to 4 (AI-D0, AI-D2, AI-D4, AI-D6) and Comparative Example 1 (Ctrl.). is there. The root increase rate ratio was calculated by dividing the increase in root weight (R n -R 0 ) by the increase in above-ground weight (T n -T 0 ) as shown in the following equation.
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-M000001
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-M000001
　比較例１に比べ、実施例１～４の方が、根増加速度が高い傾向があり、特に実施例２～４において、その差が顕著に表れることが分かった。実施例２～４では、光の照射を行わない暗期を設けたことにより、根の増加がより促進されていると考えられる。 Compared with Comparative Example 1, it was found that Examples 1 to 4 tended to have a higher root increase rate, and in Examples 2 to 4 in particular, the difference was noticeable. In Examples 2 to 4, it is considered that the increase in roots is further promoted by providing a dark period in which no light irradiation is performed.
　図４は、実施例１～４（ＡＩ－Ｄ０、ＡＩ－Ｄ２、ＡＩ－Ｄ４、ＡＩ－Ｄ６）および比較例１（Ｃｔｒｌ．）において得られた、比根長のグラフである。比根長は、根長を根重量で除して算出した。比根長が実施例１～４で小さくなっていることから、比較例より実施例１～４の方が、定植後に太い根が発根していることが示された。以上の結果から、人工光の照射条件を適切にすることにより、果菜類苗のその後の生育が安定化できる可能性があると考えられる。 FIG. 4 is a graph of specific root lengths obtained in Examples 1 to 4 (AI-D0, AI-D2, AI-D4, AI-D6) and Comparative Example 1 (Ctrl.). The specific root length was calculated by dividing the root length by the root weight. Since the specific root length was smaller in Examples 1 to 4, it was shown that thicker roots were rooted in Examples 1 to 4 after planting than in Comparative Examples. From the above results, it is considered that there is a possibility that the subsequent growth of fruit and vegetable seedlings can be stabilized by making the irradiation conditions of artificial light appropriate.
　本発明の育苗方法によれば、人工光を用いることにより、定植後に根がよく発達し、均質で活着がよく、生育が良好な高品質の果菜類苗を安価に育苗することができる。したがって、本発明は、高品質の果菜類を効率的に人工栽培する技術として、広く利用することができる。 According to the seedling raising method of the present invention, by using artificial light, a high quality fruit vegetable seedling having roots well developed after planting, homogeneous, well-established and having good growth can be grown at low cost. Therefore, the present invention can be widely used as a technique for efficiently artificially cultivating high-quality fruit vegetables.
１０：容器
２０：培養液
３０：親水性不織布
４０：黒不織布
５０：セル
６０：シルバーマルチ 10: container 20: culture solution 30: hydrophilic non-woven fabric 40: black non-woven fabric 50: cell 60: silver multi

Claims (10)

  1. 　果菜類の苗に対して、人工光である赤色照明光と青色照明光とを、交互かつ繰り返し照射して行う育苗方法であって、
    　栽培面に照射する赤色照明光、青色照明光の日積算光合成有効光量子量を、それぞれ１０～２５ｍｏｌ／ｍ２・ｄａｙ－１、４～１５ｍｏｌ／ｍ２・ｄａｙ－１とし、
    　前記赤色照明光、前記青色照明光の一日当たりの照射時間の合計を、１６～２４時間とすることを特徴とする育苗方法。     For seedlings of fruit vegetables, it is a seedling raising method in which red illumination light and blue illumination light, which are artificial lights, are alternately and repeatedly irradiated,
    Red illumination light for illuminating the cultivation surface, on the days accumulated photosynthetic photon amount of blue illumination light, respectively 10 ~ 25mol / m 2 · day -1, and 4 ~ 15mol / m 2 · day -1,
    A seedling raising method characterized in that the total irradiation time per day of the red illumination light and the blue illumination light is 16 to 24 hours.
  2. 　前記赤色照明光の照射光量比率を、５０％以上９０％以下とすることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の育苗方法。 The seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein a ratio of the amount of irradiation light of the red illumination light is 50% or more and 90% or less.
  3. 　前記果菜類として、ナス科、ウリ科、マメ科、バラ科のうち、いずれかに属するものを用いることを特徴とする請求項１または２のいずれかに記載の育苗方法。 The seedling raising method according to any one of claims 1 and 2, wherein as the fruits and vegetables, those belonging to any one of Solanumaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Legumeaceae, and Rosaceae are used.
  4. 　前記ナス科の果菜類のうちナス、トマト、ピーマン、シシトウ、トウガラシ、パプリカ、前記ウリ科の果菜類のうちキュウリ、カボチャ、シロウリ、マクワウリ、ニガウリ、ズッキーニ、トウガン、スイカ、メロン、前記マメ科の果菜類のうちサヤインゲン、サヤエンドウ、ソラマメ、エダマメ、前記バラ科の果菜類のうちイチゴ、のいずれかを用いることを特徴とする請求項３に記載の育苗方法。 Of the fruits of the solanaceae, eggplant, tomato, pepper, pepper, capsicum, paprika, among the fruits of the cucurbitaceae, cucumber, pumpkin, shirori, cucumber, bittern, zucchini, tougan, watermelon, melon, of the legumes 4. The method for raising seedlings according to claim 3, wherein any one of fruit beans is selected from green beans, green peas, broad beans, green beans, and strawberries among the fruits of the Rosaceae family.
  5. 　前記果菜類としてナス科ものを用いることを特徴とする請求項１または２のいずれかに記載の育苗方法。 The seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein a solanaceous one is used as the fruit vegetables.
  6. 　前記ナス科の果菜類として、ナス、トマト、ピーマン、シシトウ、トウガラシ、パプリカのいずれかを用いることを特徴とする請求項５に記載の育苗方法。 The seedling raising method according to claim 5, wherein any one of eggplant, tomato, bell pepper, shishito, chili pepper and paprika is used as the fruit vegetable of the solanaceous family.
  7. 　前記ナス科の果菜類として、トマトを用いることを特徴とする請求項５に記載の育苗方法。 6. The seedling raising method according to claim 5, wherein tomato is used as the fruit vegetable of the solanaceous family.
  8. 　前記赤色照明光として、ピーク波長が５７０ｎｍ～７３０ｎｍであり、中心波長が６４５ｎｍ～６８０ｎｍである光を用いることを特徴とする請求項１～７のいずれか一項に記載の育苗方法。 The seedling raising method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein light having a peak wavelength of 570 nm to 730 nm and a center wavelength of 645 nm to 680 nm is used as the red illumination light.
  9. 　前記青色照明光として、ピーク波長が４００ｎｍ～５１５ｎｍであり、中心波長が４４０ｎｍ～４６０ｎｍである光を用いることを特徴とする請求項１～８のいずれか一項に記載の育苗方法。 The seedling raising method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein light having a peak wavelength of 400 nm to 515 nm and a center wavelength of 440 nm to 460 nm is used as the blue illumination light.
  10. 　前記赤色照明光および前記青色照明光の光源として、ＬＥＤを用いることを特徴とする請求項１～９のいずれか一項に記載の育苗方法。 The seedling raising method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein an LED is used as a light source of the red illumination light and the blue illumination light.
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