JP2018186733A - Cultivation method and production method of panax ginseng - Google Patents
Cultivation method and production method of panax ginseng Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、ウコギ科（Ａｒａｌｉａｃｅａｅ）トチバニンジン属（Ｐａｎａｘ）の高麗人参（Ｐ. ｇｉｎｓｅｎｇ，Ｍｅｙｅｒ）の養液栽培方法及び生産方法、ならびに高麗人参苗の萌芽促進方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a hydroponics method and production method for ginseng (P. ginseng, Meyer) from the genus Araxaceae, Panax, and a method for promoting the germination of ginseng seedlings.
ウコギ科トチバニンジン属の高麗人参（朝鮮人参、御種人参とも呼ぶ）は中国原産の多年生植物である。古来より根に強精、健胃整腸などの薬効があることで知られ、特有の有効成分であるジンセノサイド（ギンセノシド）は抗がん作用、抗腫瘍作用、抗糖尿病作用などを持つことが明らかになっている（非特許文献１）。
これらの知見を背景に、健康の維持・増進にかかる医薬品、飲食品、化粧品などの諸産業分野では確かな、大きな需要があり、その市場規模の拡大が期待される。
Ginseng (also called Ginseng, Ginseng) is a perennial plant native to China. It has been known since ancient times that its roots have medicinal properties such as strong sterilization and healthy gastrointestinal tract, and it is clear that ginsenoside (ginsenoside), a unique active ingredient, has anticancer, antitumor and antidiabetic effects. (Non-Patent Document 1).
Based on these findings, there is a definite big demand in various industrial fields such as pharmaceuticals, foods and drinks, and cosmetics for maintaining and promoting health, and the market scale is expected to expand.
一方、これを供給面から捉えると多くの困難がある。なかでも栽培期間の長さが特に問題となる。高麗人参は種から育て、収穫できるまでに露地栽培では５〜６年掛かる。長期間にわたる栽培のためには土壌作りが非常に重要で、窒素を増やさないようにｐＨを調整するなど環境を整え、１〜２年かけて好適な土壌に作り上げる。したがって高麗人参の生産には土壌作りも含めるとおよそ６〜８年もの期間が必要となる。
加えて、高麗人参は陰性植物で日射を嫌うため、圃場全体に日除けを作る必要がある。しかもすべての日射を遮ってはいけず、朝陽が差し込むように適度な傾斜を設けなければならない（非特許文献２）。
On the other hand, there are many difficulties when viewed from the supply side. Above all, the length of the cultivation period is particularly problematic. Ginseng grows from seeds, and it takes 5 to 6 years in outdoor cultivation before it can be harvested. Soil making is very important for long-term cultivation, and the environment is adjusted by adjusting pH so as not to increase nitrogen, and it is made into suitable soil over 1 to 2 years. Therefore, the production of ginseng requires a period of about 6 to 8 years including soil preparation.
In addition, since ginseng is a negative plant and dislikes solar radiation, it is necessary to create sunshades throughout the field. Moreover, all solar radiation must not be blocked, and an appropriate inclination must be provided so that Chaoyang can be inserted (Non-Patent Document 2).
高麗人参が効率的に栽培できないのは、栽培期間のほとんどが休眠期間にあたり十分に生長するまでに長い期間が必要なためである。休眠とは茎、葉、花、実を含む地上部が枯れて根が残った状態を指し、高麗人参では一般的に１０月下旬に地上部が枯れて休眠に入り、翌年４月頃に萌芽することで休眠が終了する（非特許文献２）。したがって、高麗人参は１年のうち実に６ヵ月が休眠期間であり、この期間を短縮することができれば飛躍的に生産効率を向上できる。 The reason why ginseng cannot be efficiently cultivated is that most of the cultivation period is a dormant period and it takes a long period of time to grow sufficiently. Dormancy refers to the state in which the above-ground parts including stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits have withered and the roots remain, and in ginseng, the above-ground parts generally wither in late October and enter into dormancy, and sprouting around April of the following year. This ends the sleep (Non-Patent Document 2). Therefore, ginseng has a dormant period of 6 months of the year, and if this period can be shortened, production efficiency can be dramatically improved.
特許文献１及び２には、高麗人参の休眠期間を短縮する試みが開示されている。具体的には、特許文献１には、低温処理により植物の休眠期間を短縮する方法が開示されている。しかしながら、低温処理では休眠期間を十分に短縮できるとは言えず、生産効率の向上を目指すためには、さらなる休眠期間短縮が望まれる。
また、特許文献２には、植物ホルモンを使用して植物の休眠期間を短縮する方法が開示されており、休眠期間短縮のための萌芽促進剤としてジベレリンやカイネチンといった植物ホルモンを用いることが記載されている。しかしながら、ジベレリンなどの植物ホルモンは高等植物の茎の伸長や単為結実の誘発、種子の暗発芽促進、花芽の性転換、抽苔、開花促進、休眠打破など多くの機能を持つことが知られている一方で（非特許文献３）、高麗人参の育成においては、これらの機能のうち、常に好都合な作用だけを示すとは限らない。とりわけ、特許文献２に記載しているような、培養液中に植物ホルモンを加えて、その培養液をそのまま循環させて栽培を継続する等の方法では、該植物ホルモンによる徒長現象などの悪影響を避けられず、結果として、高麗人参の生産効率の向上は望めないことになる。
本発明が解決しようとする課題は、生産効率が悪い高麗人参について、その生産効率を高めるために、根の肥大生長に必要な良好な生育及び休眠期間の短縮が叶う高麗人参の栽培方法、ならびに高麗人参苗の萌芽促進方法を確立することである。 The problem to be solved by the present invention is that for ginseng with low production efficiency, in order to increase its production efficiency, good growth necessary for the growth of root enlargement and shortening of the dormancy period, the cultivation method of ginseng, and It is to establish a method for promoting the germination of ginseng seedlings.
課題の解決のため、本発明者らは高麗人参の養液栽培において、培養液の電気伝導率の影響及び休眠期間短縮のために用いる植物ホルモンの影響に着目して鋭意、研究を進めた。 In order to solve the problems, the present inventors diligently researched the effects of the electrical conductivity of the culture solution and the effect of plant hormones used for shortening the dormancy period in the cultivation of ginseng.
その結果、高麗人参の養液栽培においては固形培地耕が適しており、窒素、リン酸、カリウムを含み、電気伝導率が１，０００μＳ／ｃｍ以上、望ましくは３，０００μＳ／ｃｍ以上の培養液が適していることが判明した。また、植物ホルモンを接触させ、次いで、該植物ホルモンを除去することにより栽培した休眠中の高麗人参苗は、１ヵ月以内、とりわけジベレリンでは１０日以内に萌芽し、前記培養液により良好に生育することが明らかになった。 As a result, solid medium cultivation is suitable for nutrient culture of ginseng, which contains nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potassium, and has a conductivity of 1,000 μS / cm or more, preferably 3,000 μS / cm or more. Turned out to be suitable. In addition, dormant ginseng seedlings cultivated by contacting with plant hormones and then removing the plant hormones germinate within one month, especially gibberellin within 10 days, and grow well in the culture solution. It became clear.
本発明は以下を包含する。
［１］ 培養液を用いて高麗人参を養液栽培する方法であって、該培養液が、少なくとも窒素、リン及びカリウムを含み、かつ１，０００μＳ／ｃｍ以上の電気伝導率を有することを特徴とする、方法。
［２］ 前記電気伝導率が３，０００μＳ／ｃｍ以上である、１に記載の方法。
［３］ 前記養液栽培が、固形培地を使用する固形培地耕栽培である、１又は２に記載の方法。
［４］ 前記固形培地が、パーライト、バーミキュライト、ロックウール、グラスウール、セラミックから選択される人工無機系固形培地を使用した固形培地耕栽培であることを特徴とする、３に記載の方法。
［５］ 前記養液栽培において、植物ホルモンを休眠中の高麗人参苗の一部又は全体に接触させ、萌芽を促進する工程を含むことを特徴とする、１〜４のいずれかに記載の方法。
［６］ 前記植物ホルモンが、ジベレリン、カイネチン、又は６−ベンジルアミノプリンから選ばれ、該植物ホルモンの濃度が最大１００ｐｐｍまでであることを特徴とする、５に記載の方法。
［７］ 前記植物ホルモンがジベレリンであり、該ジベレリンの濃度が０．５ｐｐｍ〜２０ｐｐｍであることを特徴とする、６に記載の方法。
［８］ 前記植物ホルモンを休眠中の高麗人参苗の一部又は全体に接触させる工程が、高麗人参苗の一部又は全体に粉末状、ペースト状又は溶液状の植物ホルモンを適用、塗布又は噴霧するか、粉末状、ペースト状又は溶液状の植物ホルモンに高麗人参苗の一部又は全体を埋めるか浸漬することによって行われる、５〜７のいずれかに記載の方法。
［９］ 前記植物ホルモンを高麗人参苗の一部又は全体に接触させた後、該植物ホルモンを除去する工程を含むことを特徴とする５〜８のいずれかに記載の方法。
［１０］ 前記植物ホルモンを除去する工程が、該植物ホルモンが付着した植物体に流水もしくは培養液をかけて洗い流すこと、該植物ホルモンが付着した植物体を水もしくは培養液を張った浴槽に浸漬すること、又は植物ホルモンが付着した植物体に水もしくは培養液を噴霧することによって行われる、９に記載の方法。
［１１］ １〜１０のいずれかに記載の方法で栽培された高麗人参を採取することを特徴とする高麗人参の生産方法。
［１２］ 休眠中の高麗人参苗の一部又は全体に植物ホルモンを接触させ、次いで、該植物ホルモンを除去することを含む、高麗人参苗の萌芽を促進する方法。
［１３］ 前記植物ホルモンが、ジベレリン、カイネチン、又は６−ベンジルアミノプリンから選ばれ、該植物ホルモンの濃度が最大１００ｐｐｍまでであることを特徴とする、１２に記載の方法。
［１４］ 前記植物ホルモンがジベレリンであり、該ジベレリンの濃度が０．５ｐｐｍ〜２０ｐｐｍであることを特徴とする、１３に記載の方法。
［１５］ 休眠中の高麗人参苗の一部又は全体に植物ホルモンを接触させる工程が、高麗人参苗の一部又は全体に粉末状、ペースト状又は溶液状の植物ホルモンを適用、塗布又は噴霧するか、粉末状、ペースト状又は溶液状の植物ホルモンに高麗人参苗の一部又は全体を埋めるか浸漬することによって行われる、１２〜１４のいずれかに記載の方法。
［１６］ 前記植物ホルモンを除去する工程が、植物ホルモンが付着した植物体に流水もしくは培養液をかけて洗い流すこと、該植物ホルモンが付着した植物体を水もしくは培養液を張った浴槽に浸漬すること、又は植物ホルモンが付着した植物体に水もしくは培養液を噴霧することによって行われる、１２〜１５のいずれかに記載の方法。
［１７］ １２〜１６のいずれかに記載の方法で高麗人参苗の萌芽を促進させた後、該高麗人参苗を採取することを特徴とする高麗人参の生産方法。
The present invention includes the following.
[1] A method for hydroponically cultivating ginseng using a culture solution, wherein the culture solution contains at least nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, and has an electrical conductivity of 1,000 μS / cm or more. And the method.
[2] The method according to 1, wherein the electrical conductivity is 3,000 μS / cm or more.
[3] The method according to 1 or 2, wherein the hydroponics is solid medium cultivation using a solid medium.
[4] The method according to 3, wherein the solid medium is solid medium cultivation using an artificial inorganic solid medium selected from perlite, vermiculite, rock wool, glass wool, and ceramic.
[5] The method according to any one of 1 to 4, further comprising the step of bringing a plant hormone into contact with a part or the whole of a dormant ginseng seedling and promoting budding in the hydroponics. .
[6] The method according to 5, wherein the plant hormone is selected from gibberellin, kinetin, or 6-benzylaminopurine, and the concentration of the plant hormone is up to 100 ppm.
[7] The method according to 6, wherein the plant hormone is gibberellin, and the concentration of the gibberellin is 0.5 ppm to 20 ppm.
[8] The step of bringing the plant hormone into contact with a part or the whole of the resting ginseng seedling applies, applies or sprays a powdery, pasty or solution-like plant hormone to a part or the whole of the ginseng seedling. Or the method according to any one of 5 to 7, which is carried out by burying or immersing a part or the whole of a ginseng seedling in a plant hormone in the form of powder, paste or solution.
[9] The method according to any one of 5 to 8, comprising a step of removing the plant hormone after contacting the plant hormone with a part or the whole of the ginseng seedling.
[10] The step of removing the plant hormone is performed by rinsing the plant body to which the plant hormone is attached with running water or a culture solution, and immersing the plant body to which the plant hormone is attached in a bathtub filled with water or a culture solution. 10. The method according to 9, which is performed by spraying water or a culture solution onto a plant body to which a plant hormone is attached.
[11] A method for producing ginseng characterized by collecting ginseng cultivated by the method according to any one of 1 to 10.
[12] A method for promoting germination of a ginseng seedling, comprising bringing a plant hormone into contact with a part or the whole of a dormant ginseng seedling and then removing the plant hormone.
[13] The method according to 12, wherein the plant hormone is selected from gibberellin, kinetin, or 6-benzylaminopurine, and the concentration of the plant hormone is up to 100 ppm.
[14] The method according to 13, wherein the plant hormone is gibberellin, and the concentration of the gibberellin is 0.5 ppm to 20 ppm.
[15] The step of bringing plant hormones into contact with a part or the whole of the resting ginseng seedling applies, applies or sprays a powdery, pasty or solution type plant hormone to a part or the whole of the ginseng seedling. Or the method according to any one of 12 to 14, which is carried out by burying or immersing a part or the whole of a ginseng seedling in a plant hormone in the form of powder, paste or solution.
[16] In the step of removing the plant hormone, the plant body to which the plant hormone is attached is washed away with running water or a culture solution, and the plant body to which the plant hormone is attached is immersed in a bath filled with water or a culture solution. Or the method in any one of 12-15 performed by spraying water or a culture solution on the plant body to which the plant hormone adhered.
[17] A method for producing ginseng, wherein the ginseng seedling is collected after promoting the germination of the ginseng seedling by the method according to any one of 12 to 16.
本発明において、電気伝導率を高めた培養液を用いて高麗人参を養液栽培することで、高麗人参を良好に生育させ、根の肥大生長の向上を促すことが可能となる。また、休眠中の高麗人参苗に植物ホルモンを接触させることで、ごく短期間で萌芽させて生産効率を向上させることができ、次いで、該植物ホルモンを除去することで、徒長、黄化、枯死等の悪影響を懸念することなく、高麗人参を効率的に栽培、生産することができる。このような成果は、高麗人参の供給を容易にし、健康維持・増進にかかる諸産業の発展に寄与できることから、本発明の産業的意義は極めて大きい。 In the present invention, ginseng is cultivated by hydroponics using a culture solution with increased electrical conductivity, so that it is possible to grow the ginseng well and to promote the growth of root enlargement. In addition, when plant hormones are brought into contact with dormant ginseng seedlings, they can be germinated in a very short period of time to improve production efficiency, and then removed by removing the plant hormones, Ginseng can be efficiently cultivated and produced without worrying about adverse effects such as these. Since such results can facilitate the supply of ginseng and contribute to the development of various industries related to health maintenance and promotion, the industrial significance of the present invention is extremely large.
本発明において、高麗人参の栽培は、電気伝導率を高めた培養液を用いた養液栽培により行われる。「養液栽培」とは、植物の栽培形態のひとつであり、土壌以外の培地あるいは無培地で隔離床を用いて大地と離れた状態で、作物の生育に必要な養分を水に溶かした培養液として与えて栽培する方法である。 In the present invention, ginseng is cultivated by hydroponic culture using a culture solution with increased electrical conductivity. “Nutrient culture” is one of the cultivation forms of plants, which is a culture in which nutrients necessary for growing crops are dissolved in water in a state other than soil or a medium other than soil and separated from the ground using an isolated floor. It is a method of cultivating by giving as a liquid.
本発明で用いる培養液は、植物の栽培に用いることができる一般的な組成の培養液であってよく、特に限定されないが、少なくとも、窒素、リン及びカリウムを含み、好ましくは、例えば、硝酸カリウム（ＫＮＯ3）、硝酸カルシウム（Ｃａ（ＮＯ3）2・４Ｈ2Ｏ）、第１リン酸アンモニウム（ＮＨ4Ｈ2ＰＯ4）及び硫酸マグネシウム（ＭｇＳＯ4・７Ｈ2Ｏ）などの塩類を含む。また、微量要素として、鉄、ホウ素、マンガン、亜鉛、銅、モリブデン等を含んでもよい。培養液には汎用的で広く一般的に使用される処方がいくつかあり、例えば、大塚処方、園試処方、山崎処方等が知られる。
本発明で用いる培養液は、好ましくは大塚Ａ処方であり、これは、植物の養液栽培のために一般的に使用される培養液である。本発明の栽培試験に於いて使用した。大塚Ａ処方の組成は以下に示す通りである。
［大塚Ａ処方］
窒素 １８．５（ｍｅ／Ｌ）
リン酸 ５．１（ｍｅ／Ｌ）
カリウム ７．６（ｍｅ／Ｌ）
カルシウム ８．２（ｍｅ／Ｌ）
マグネシウム ３．７（ｍｅ／Ｌ）
The culture solution used in the present invention may be a culture solution having a general composition that can be used for plant cultivation, and is not particularly limited, but includes at least nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Preferably, for example, potassium nitrate ( KNO 3 ), calcium nitrate (Ca (NO 3 ) 2 .4H 2 O), primary ammonium phosphate (NH 4 H 2 PO 4 ) and magnesium sulfate (MgSO 4 .7H 2 O). Further, iron, boron, manganese, zinc, copper, molybdenum and the like may be included as a trace element. There are several general-purpose and widely used prescriptions for the culture solution, and for example, Otsuka prescription, garden trial prescription, Yamazaki prescription and the like are known.
The culture solution used in the present invention is preferably an Otsuka A formulation, which is a culture solution generally used for plant hydroponics. Used in the cultivation test of the present invention. The composition of the Otsuka A prescription is as shown below.
[Otsuka A prescription]
Nitrogen 18.5 (me / L)
Phosphoric acid 5.1 (me / L)
Potassium 7.6 (me / L)
Calcium 8.2 (me / L)
Magnesium 3.7 (me / L)
本発明で用いる培養液は、１，０００μＳ／ｃｍ以上、望ましくは３，０００μＳ／ｃｍ以上の電気伝導率を有する。「電気伝導率」（以降、ＥＣと記す）とは、培養液の電気の通り易さを表わす値であり、培養液中の塩類濃度の指標となる。培養液の種類に依らず、ＥＣが高いほど、培養液の濃度は高くなる。 The culture solution used in the present invention has an electric conductivity of 1,000 μS / cm or more, desirably 3,000 μS / cm or more. “Electrical conductivity” (hereinafter referred to as “EC”) is a value representing the easiness of passage of electricity in the culture solution and serves as an index of the salt concentration in the culture solution. Regardless of the type of culture solution, the higher the EC, the higher the concentration of the culture solution.
本発明における養液栽培は、固形培地を使用する固形培地耕栽培によって行われることが望ましい。「固形培地耕栽培」とは、培地として土壌とは異なる無機固形培地を適宜混合して成る培地を使用する植物の栽培方法である。本発明で用いる固形培地としては、特にパーライト、バーミキュライト、ロックウールやグラスウールなどの人工無機系物質が挙げられ、必要に応じて、もみ殻、やし殻など有機物質から成る培地を含めても良い。また、これらの固形培地を単独もしくは適宜混合したものを栽培培地として使用しても良い。 The hydroponics in the present invention is preferably performed by solid medium cultivation using a solid medium. “Solid medium cultivation” is a plant cultivation method using a medium obtained by appropriately mixing an inorganic solid medium different from soil as a medium. Examples of the solid medium used in the present invention include artificial inorganic substances such as pearlite, vermiculite, rock wool, and glass wool, and a medium composed of an organic substance such as rice husk or coconut husk may be included as necessary. . Moreover, you may use what mixed these solid culture media individually or suitably as a cultivation culture medium.
本発明の養液栽培においては、植物ホルモンを休眠中の高麗人参苗の一部又は全体に接触させることが望ましい。このような工程を設けることにより、高麗人参苗の萌芽を促進することができる。 In the hydroponics of the present invention, it is desirable to contact the plant hormone with a part or the whole of the resting ginseng seedling. By providing such a process, germination of ginseng seedlings can be promoted.
本発明で用いる植物ホルモンは、休眠中の高麗人参苗に接触させることで萌芽を促進する効果があれば良く、例えば、ジベレリン、カイネチン、６−ベンジルアミノプリンなどが挙げられる。本発明で用いる植物ホルモンは、好ましくはジベレリンである。
植物ホルモンの濃度は、特に制限されないが、典型的には、最大１００ｐｐｍであり、好ましくは０．５ｐｐｍ〜２０ｐｐｍである。
The plant hormone used in the present invention only needs to have an effect of promoting germination by being brought into contact with a dormant ginseng seedling, and examples thereof include gibberellin, kinetin, and 6-benzylaminopurine. The plant hormone used in the present invention is preferably gibberellin.
The concentration of the plant hormone is not particularly limited, but is typically a maximum of 100 ppm, preferably 0.5 ppm to 20 ppm.
高麗人参における「休眠」とは、萌芽した地上部が枯れおちた後、次の萌芽が起こるまでの状態を意味し、その間を休眠期間と呼ぶ。すなわち、本発明で用いる「休眠中の高麗人参苗」とは、土壌や培地に埋まる根部から萌芽した茎、葉、花、実を含む地上部が枯れて、根が生き残った状態の苗を意味する。本発明において用いる高麗人参苗は、どのような栽培形態を経た苗でも良く、例えば、露地栽培されていた苗、発芽させてすぐの苗もしくは発芽させた後に露地栽培されていた苗でも良い。また、栽培年数も何年でも良い。 “Dormancy” in ginseng means the state until the next sprout occurs after the sprouted ground part withered, and this period is called the dormant period. That is, the term “dormant ginseng seedling” used in the present invention means a seedling in a state in which the ground part including stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits sprouting from the root part buried in the soil and the medium is withered and the roots survive. To do. The ginseng seedling used in the present invention may be a seedling that has undergone any cultivation form, for example, a seedling that has been cultivated in the open field, a seedling that has just germinated, or a seedling that has been cultivated in the open field after germination. Also, the number of years of cultivation may be any number.
植物ホルモンを接触させる工程は、高麗人参苗の萌芽を促進し、休眠期間の短縮を達成できる限り特に制限されないが、例えば、高麗人参の一部又は全体に粉末状、ペースト状又は溶液状の植物ホルモンを適用、塗布又は噴霧するか、あるいは、粉末状、ペースト状又は溶液状の植物ホルモンに高麗人参苗の一部又は全体を埋めるか浸漬することによって行われる。 The step of contacting the plant hormone is not particularly limited as long as it promotes the sprouting of ginseng seedlings and shortens the dormancy period. For example, a plant in powder, paste, or solution form in part or all of ginseng It is carried out by applying, applying or spraying the hormone, or by burying or immersing a part or the whole of the ginseng seedling in a plant hormone in the form of powder, paste or solution.
さらに、植物ホルモンを休眠中の高麗人参苗の一部又は全体に接触させた後、植物体に付着した植物ホルモンを除去することが望ましい。このような工程を設けることによって、高麗人参苗の徒長、黄化、枯死等の悪影響を回避することができる。 Furthermore, it is desirable to remove the plant hormone adhering to the plant body after contacting the plant hormone with a part or the whole of the resting ginseng seedling. By providing such a process, adverse effects such as ginseng seedling length, yellowing, and death can be avoided.
植物ホルモンを除去する工程は、休眠中の高麗人参苗に与えた植物ホルモンを除去することが達成できる限り特に制限されないが、例えば、植物ホルモンが付着した植物体に水もしくは培養液をかけて洗い流すこと、植物ホルモンが付着した植物体を水もしくは培養液を張った浴槽に浸漬すること、又は植物ホルモンが付着した植物体に水もしくは培養液を噴霧することによって行われる。 The step of removing the plant hormone is not particularly limited as long as the removal of the plant hormone given to the dormant ginseng seedling can be achieved. For example, the plant body to which the plant hormone is attached is washed with water or a culture solution. In other words, it is carried out by immersing the plant body to which the plant hormone is attached in a bathtub filled with water or a culture solution, or spraying water or a culture solution on the plant body to which the plant hormone is attached.
このような方法で高麗人参を栽培することにより、徒長、黄化、枯死等の植物ホルモンによる重大な悪影響を懸念することなく、品質の優れた高麗人参を効率的に産生することができる。 By cultivating ginseng by such a method, it is possible to efficiently produce ginseng having excellent quality without worrying about serious adverse effects caused by plant hormones such as primate, yellowing and death.
以下、実施例を用いて、本発明を具体的に説明する。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described with reference to examples.
（試験１）高麗人参苗の養液栽培方法の検討
高麗人参苗に最適な養液栽培の方法を検討した。露地栽培されていた４年苗で、地上部が枯れた休眠苗であり、春先の自然環境下での萌芽がすぐに起こる時期（４月）の苗を使用した。用意した苗は固形培地耕栽培１（パーライトとバーミキュライトの混合培地）、固形培地耕栽培２（ロックウール培地栽培）、湛液式水耕栽培、噴霧耕栽培の４通りの方法で栽培した。これら４つの試験区をそれぞれ試験区１−１〜１−４と設定した。
気温２３℃、湿度はなりゆき、補光は設置せず、寒冷紗で苗に日除けをして、屋内で栽培した。すべての栽培方法において、培養液として大塚Ａ処方の希釈培養液（ＥＣ約１，１００μＳ／ｃｍ）を使用した。各試験区につき６株を栽培し、栽培３０日目までの生存株数と、それらの苗の草丈（茎・葉・花を含む高麗人参苗の地上部の高さ）を計測した。
固形培地耕栽培１では、人工無機系培地であるバーミキュライトとパーライトを１：１で混合したものを培地として使用し、１日１回、水道水を灌水し、１週間に一度、培養液を与えた。
固形培地耕栽培２では、人工無機系培地であるロックウールを使用し、培養液はタイマー制御で１５分間与え、４時間停止することを繰り返して与えた。
湛液式水耕栽培では、１０Ｌの培養液に根が浸かるように定植し、培養液には常時バブリングを施した。
噴霧耕栽培では、噴霧耕栽培装置（Nutriculture）を使用し、培養液はタイマー制御で１５分間噴霧し、４５分間停止することを繰り返して与えた。
(Test 1) Examination of hydroponic cultivation method for ginseng seedlings The optimum hydroponic cultivation method for ginseng seedlings was examined. A 4-year-old seedling that had been cultivated in an open field, a dormant seedling that had withered above the ground, and a seedling that was sprouting immediately in the natural environment in early spring (April) was used. The prepared seedlings were cultivated by four methods of solid medium cultivation 1 (mixed medium of perlite and vermiculite), solid medium cultivation 2 (rock wool medium cultivation), submerged hydroponics, and spray cultivation. These four test sections were set as test sections 1-1 to 1-4, respectively.
The temperature was 23 ° C., the humidity was gradually increasing, no supplementary light was installed, and the seedlings were sunshaded with cold straw and cultivated indoors. In all cultivation methods, a diluted culture solution (EC about 1,100 μS / cm) of the Otsuka A formulation was used as the culture solution. Six strains were cultivated in each test section, and the number of surviving strains up to the 30th day of cultivation and the plant height of these seedlings (the height of the ginseng seedlings including the stems, leaves and flowers) were measured.
In the
In the
In submerged hydroponics, the plants were planted so that the roots were immersed in 10 L of the culture solution, and the culture solution was constantly bubbled.
In the spray cultivation, a spray cultivation apparatus (Nutriculture) was used, and the culture solution was sprayed for 15 minutes under timer control and repeatedly stopped for 45 minutes.
（結果）
表１から明らかなように、試験区１−３（湛液式水耕栽培）及び試験区１−４（噴霧耕栽培）ではそれぞれ栽培３０日と栽培２４日までにすべての苗が枯死した。草丈は固形培地耕栽培で最も高くなり、植物の状態も良好であることを確認した。
この結果から、高麗人参の養液栽培方法としては固形培地耕栽培が最も好適であると判断された。
As is clear from Table 1, all seedlings died within 30 days of cultivation and 24 days of cultivation in test area 1-3 (liquid hydroponics) and test area 1-4 (spray cultivation). The plant height was the highest in solid medium cultivation, and the plant condition was also confirmed to be good.
From these results, it was determined that solid culture cultivation is most suitable as a hydroponic cultivation method for ginseng.
（試験２）固形培地耕栽培での高麗人参の育成において植物ホルモンを接触させる工程及び培養液ＥＣが与える影響
高麗人参苗の生育に対する影響を調査するため、植物ホルモンを接触させる工程に次ぐ、該植物ホルモンを除去する工程の有無及び培養液のＥＣによる生育状態の違いを調べた。
試験には露地栽培された休眠中の高麗人参２年苗を使用した。
黒ポットにバーミキュライトとパーライトを１：１の割合で入れ、ここに高麗人参の苗を植えた。植物ホルモンを接触させる工程として、高麗人参苗を植えたポットごと、１ｐｐｍのジベレリン溶液に２４時間浸漬させた。これを栽培０日とする。
試験区２−１の苗はジベレリン溶液を除去する工程は設けずに、室温２０℃、湿度なりゆき、蛍光灯下（ＰＰＦＤ ６０〜９０）、日長１６時間、直射日光を避けるために寒冷紗で日除けした環境下で栽培した。
試験区２−２の苗は、ジベレリン溶液へ浸漬させた後、ホルモン除去工程として培地に水を流し、さらに、水に２４時間浸漬させた。水から引き揚げたポットは試験区２−１と同様の条件下で栽培した。
試験区２−３、２−４、２−５、２−６、２−７では、試験区２−２と同様にジベレリン処理、ホルモン除去工程を設けた。
試験区２−１及び２−２はＥＣを１２１（水）、試験区２−３〜２−７まではそれぞれ、ＥＣを３８２、１０６４、２９６７、６５３５、８７４０μＳ／ｃｍに調整した培養液を与えて栽培した。ＥＣの測定はＥＣ／ＴＤＳ／℃テスター ＤｉｓＴ５（ハンナ インスツルメンツ）を用い、適宜希釈した培養液を測定して、元の培養液ＥＣを算出した。
試験区２−３〜２−７までの栽培条件は試験区２−１、２−２と同様にして栽培した。試験２における各試験区の設定条件は表２に示す通りである。
試験区２−１〜２−７について、栽培５３日までの萌芽率、生存株数、草丈、最大葉長（植物１個体に生える葉のなかで、最も大きい葉の長軸の長さ）、葉色値（ＳＰＡＤ値）を計測した。葉色値の測定にはＳＰＡＤ−５０２Ｐｌｕｓ（コニカミノルタ）を使用した。葉色値は、状態が良く栄養（特に窒素）が十分な植物体の葉は濃い緑色（植物種による）になるが、栄養不足、日照不足等によって植物体の状態が悪くなると葉が黄〜白色になる傾向があるため、植物体状態の良し悪しの指標として慣習的に用いられている。
各試験区の１２株の各株について、３回ランダムに選択した葉と、その葉の一部を一回ずつ測定し、その平均値を求めた。
In the test,
Vermiculite and perlite were put in a black pot at a ratio of 1: 1, and ginseng seedlings were planted here. As a process for contacting plant hormones, the pots planted with ginseng seedlings were immersed in a 1 ppm gibberellin solution for 24 hours. This is the
The seedlings in the test section 2-1 were not provided with a process for removing the gibberellin solution, and were kept at
The seedlings in the test group 2-2 were immersed in a gibberellin solution, then water was poured into the medium as a hormone removal step, and further immersed in water for 24 hours. The pot withdrawn from the water was cultivated under the same conditions as in the test section 2-1.
In test groups 2-3, 2-4, 2-5, 2-6, and 2-7, a gibberellin treatment and a hormone removal step were provided in the same manner as in test group 2-2.
In test groups 2-1 and 2-2, EC was adjusted to 121 (water), and in test groups 2-3 to 2-7, EC was adjusted to 382, 1064, 2967, 6535, and 8740 μS / cm, respectively. And cultivated. The EC was measured using an EC / TDS / ° C. tester DisT5 (Hanna Instruments), the appropriately diluted culture solution was measured, and the original culture solution EC was calculated.
The cultivation conditions up to the test sections 2-3 to 2-7 were cultivated in the same manner as the test sections 2-1 and 2-2. The setting conditions of each test section in
About test plots 2-1 to 2-7, germination rate up to 53 days of cultivation, number of living strains, plant height, maximum leaf length (longest length of long axis of leaves growing on one plant), leaf color The value (SPAD value) was measured. SPAD-502Plus (Konica Minolta) was used for the measurement of the leaf color value. The leaf color value of the plant is in good condition and nutrients (especially nitrogen) are dark green (depending on the plant species), but if the plant is in poor condition due to lack of nutrition, lack of sunlight, etc., the leaves are yellow to white. Since it tends to become, it is customarily used as an indicator of the quality of the plant body.
For each of the 12 strains in each test section, the leaves randomly selected three times and a part of the leaves were measured once, and the average value was obtained.
（萌芽結果）植物ホルモンを接触させる工程に次ぐ、該植物ホルモンを除去する工程及び培養液ＥＣが高麗人参苗の萌芽に与える影響
図１から明らかなように、植物ホルモンを除去する工程の有無及び栽培時の培養液ＥＣは萌芽率には影響を与えず、ジベレリン処理によりすべての試験区で速やかに萌芽が進み、栽培１０日までにすべての試験区で萌芽率が１００％に達した。
(Sprouting result) Following the step of contacting the plant hormone, the step of removing the plant hormone and the influence of the culture solution EC on the germination of the ginseng seedling As shown in FIG. The culture solution EC at the time of cultivation did not affect the germination rate, and the germination proceeded rapidly in all the test plots by gibberellin treatment, and the germination rate reached 100% in all test plots by the 10th day of cultivation.
（生存結果）植物ホルモンを接触させる工程に次ぐ、該植物ホルモンを除去する工程及び培養液ＥＣが高麗人参苗の生存割合に与える影響
図２から明らかなように、植物ホルモンを除去する工程のない試験区２−１では栽培５３日目までに１２株中９株しか生存せず、３株が枯死し、生存割合は０．７５だった。日数経過とともに生存株数はさらに減り、栽培７３日目までに生存株数は７株になり、５株が枯死した（生存割合は０．５８に低下）。
植物ホルモンを除去するがあっても培養液ＥＣの薄い試験区２−２、２−３では１０株が生存、２株は枯死し、生存割合は０．８３だった。
ホルモン除去工程があり、培養液ＥＣが１，０００μＳ／ｃｍ以上の試験区２−４〜２−７では１２株すべてが生存し、生存割合は１．０だった。
(Survival Result) Following the step of contacting the plant hormone, the step of removing the plant hormone and the effect of the culture solution EC on the survival rate of the ginseng seedlings As shown in FIG. 2, there is no step of removing the plant hormone In test area 2-1, only 9 out of 12 strains survived by the 53rd day of cultivation, 3 strains died, and the survival rate was 0.75. As the number of days passed, the number of surviving strains further decreased, and by the 73rd day of cultivation, the number of surviving strains became 7 and 5 strains died (the survival rate decreased to 0.58).
Even though the plant hormones were removed, 10 strains survived in the test sections 2-2 and 2-3 where the culture broth EC was thin, 2 strains died, and the survival rate was 0.83.
In the test plots 2-4 to 2-7 in which there was a hormone removal step and the culture solution EC was 1,000 μS / cm or more, all 12 strains survived, and the survival rate was 1.0.
（草丈結果）植物ホルモンを接触させる工程に次ぐ、該植物ホルモンを除去する工程及び培養液ＥＣが高麗人参苗の平均草丈に与える影響
図３は、各試験区の栽培２３日目及び５３日目の平均草丈を示す。
図３から明らかなように、植物ホルモンを除去する工程のない試験区２−１では、栽培２３日目で他の試験区に比べて有意に草丈が大きかったが、以降は草丈が伸びず、栽培５３日目でもほとんど変化がなかった。この結果は、植物ホルモンによる徒長現象によるものと想定される。植物ホルモンを除去する工程のある他の試験区では栽培２３日目ではほぼ同等程度の草丈（６〜８ｃｍ）で、栽培５３日目においては、培養液ＥＣの低い試験区２−２〜２−３よりも、培養液ＥＣが高い試験区２−４〜２−７の草丈が高くなった。
(Plant height result) Following the step of contacting the plant hormone, the step of removing the plant hormone and the effect of the culture solution EC on the average plant height of the ginseng seedlings are shown on the 23rd and 53rd days of cultivation in each test plot. The average plant height is shown.
As apparent from FIG. 3, in the test plot 2-1 without the step of removing the plant hormone, the plant height was significantly larger on the 23rd day of cultivation than the other test plots. There was almost no change even on the 53rd day of cultivation. This result is assumed to be due to the primate phenomenon caused by plant hormones. In the other test plots with a process for removing plant hormones, the plant height was about the same (6-8 cm) on the 23rd day of cultivation, and on the 53rd day of cultivation, the test plots 2-2-2- The plant height of the test sections 2-4 to 2-7 in which the culture solution EC was higher than 3 was higher.
（最大葉長結果）植物ホルモンを接触させる工程に次ぐ、該植物ホルモンを除去する工程及び培養液ＥＣが高麗人参苗の平均最大葉長に与える影響
図４は、栽培５３日での各試験区の平均最大葉長を示す。
図４から明らかなように、植物ホルモンを除去する工程のない試験区２−１、植物ホルモンを除去する工程があって培養液ＥＣが低い試験区２−２〜２−４では平均最大葉長が小さかった。植物ホルモンを除去する工程があって培養液ＥＣが高い試験区２−５〜２−７では試験区２−１〜２−４までと比べ、平均最大葉長が大きかった。
(Maximum leaf length result) Following the step of contacting the plant hormone, the step of removing the plant hormone and the effect of the culture solution EC on the average maximum leaf length of the ginseng seedlings. Shows the average maximum leaf length.
As is clear from FIG. 4, the average maximum leaf length is obtained in the test section 2-1 without the step of removing the plant hormone and the test sections 2-2 to 2-4 in which the step of removing the plant hormone and the culture medium EC is low. Was small. In test sections 2-5 to 2-7, which had a step of removing plant hormones and culture medium EC was high, the average maximum leaf length was larger than those in test sections 2-1 to 2-4.
（葉色値結果）植物ホルモン接触工程後の該ホルモン除去工程及び培養液ＥＣが高麗人参苗の葉色値に与える影響
図５は、栽培５３日での各試験区の平均葉色値を示す。
図５から明らかなように、植物ホルモンを除去する工程のない試験区２−１では最も低い値を示した。この結果は植物ホルモンによる悪影響の一つである、黄化現象によると想定される。一方、植物ホルモンを除去する工程がある試験区では培養液ＥＣにほぼ比例して葉色値も高い値を示した。
(Leaf color value result) Effect of the hormone removal step and the culture solution EC after the plant hormone contact step on the leaf color value of the ginseng seedling FIG. 5 shows the average leaf color value of each test plot in 53 days of cultivation.
As is clear from FIG. 5, the test group 2-1 having no process for removing the plant hormone showed the lowest value. This result is assumed to be due to yellowing, which is one of the adverse effects of plant hormones. On the other hand, in the test plot where there was a step of removing plant hormones, the leaf color value was high in proportion to the culture solution EC.
以上のそれぞれの結果より、植物ホルモンを除去する工程のない試験区２−１では生存株数が他に比べて少なく、草丈はよく伸びたが、最大葉長及び葉色値が小さかった。これは、植物ホルモンを除去する工程がないため、ジベレリンによる徒長現象、それに伴う生育不良、そして黄化現象が起こったせいだと想定される。
したがって、萌芽促進のための植物ホルモンを接触させる工程の後には、該植物ホルモンを除去する工程を加えることが重要であることが証明された。
From each of the above results, in the test group 2-1 without the step of removing the plant hormone, the number of surviving strains was smaller than the others and the plant height increased well, but the maximum leaf length and leaf color value were small. This is presumed to be caused by gibberellin's prominence phenomenon, accompanying growth failure, and yellowing because there was no process for removing plant hormones.
Therefore, it was proved that it is important to add a step of removing the plant hormone after the step of contacting the plant hormone for promoting germination.
また、植物ホルモンを除去する工程がある試験区では、与えた培養液ＥＣが高ければ高いほど植物の状態が良くなった（生存株数、草丈、最大葉長、葉色値）。特に葉長が大きくなることから、根の肥大成長促進にも効果が高いと推測される。 In the test plot where there was a process for removing plant hormones, the higher the culture broth EC given, the better the state of the plant (survival strain number, plant height, maximum leaf length, leaf color value). In particular, since the leaf length becomes large, it is presumed that it is highly effective in promoting root hypertrophy growth.
上記のように、高麗人参について、植物体の状態や生育状態の良し悪しを判断するには、様々な項目を総合的に判断することが必要であることが分かった。これを受けて本発明者らは、高麗人参の生育状態を総合的に判断するための新たな基準である『高麗人参の生育指数』を求めた。以降、これを単に生育指数と呼称する。
生育指数を表す式は下記の通りである。生育指数を算出するために利用する各項目は、すべて、植物体の状態が良ければ絶対値が大きくなる。また、算出の際にはすべて同一栽培期間のデータを用いる。
（生育指数）＝（生存割合）×（草丈）×（最大葉長）×（葉色値）
As described above, it has been found that it is necessary to comprehensively judge various items for ginseng to judge whether the state of the plant body and the growth state are good or bad. In response to this, the present inventors have sought the “ginseng growth index” which is a new standard for comprehensively judging the growth state of ginseng. Hereinafter, this is simply referred to as a growth index.
The formula representing the growth index is as follows. Each item used for calculating the growth index has a larger absolute value if the state of the plant body is good. In addition, all the data for the same cultivation period are used for the calculation.
(Growth index) = (survival rate) x (plant height) x (maximum leaf length) x (leaf color value)
試験２における栽培５３日目の各試験区の生育指数を算出した結果が表３である。
表３から明らかなように、植物ホルモンを接触させる工程に次いで該植物ホルモンを除去する工程がなく、水しか与えない試験区２−１、植物ホルモンを除去する工程はあるが水しか与えない試験区２−２、植物ホルモンを接触させる工程に次いで該植物ホルモンを除去する工程があり、与える培養液のＥＣが５００μＳ／ｃｍ未満までの試験区２−３では明らかに生育指数が低く、５０未満しかない。
一方、植物ホルモンを接触させる工程に次いで該植物ホルモンを除去する工程があり、与える培養液のＥＣが約１，０００μＳ／ｃｍ、さらには３，０００μＳ／ｃｍ以上の試験区２−４〜２−７では生育指数が７０、さらには１００を超え、植物体の状態が非常に良いことが分かる。培養液濃度がＥＣにして１，０００μＳ／ｃｍ以上であれば、高麗人参の根の肥大生長も大いに期待できる。
As is apparent from Table 3, there is no step of removing the plant hormone after the step of contacting with the plant hormone, and the test group 2-1 that only gives water, the test that has the step of removing the plant hormone but gives only water Subdivision 2-2 has a step of removing the phytohormone after the step of contacting the phytohormone, and in the test territory 2-3 in which the EC of the culture solution to be given is less than 500 μS / cm, the growth index is clearly low, less than 50 There is only.
On the other hand, there is a step of removing the plant hormone after the step of contacting the plant hormone, and the culture medium to be fed has an EC of about 1,000 μS / cm, more preferably 3,000 μS / cm or more. 7 shows that the growth index exceeds 70, and further exceeds 100, and the state of the plant body is very good. If the culture solution concentration is 1,000 μS / cm or more in terms of EC, the growth of ginseng root can be greatly expected.
以上に述べてきた試験１及び２の結果から、高麗人参の苗を固形培地耕でＥＣが約１，０００μＳ／ｃｍ以上、さらには３，０００μＳ／ｃｍ以上の培養液を用いて栽培することで、高麗人参の生育指数が７０、さらには１００を超えて良好な生育が見られることが分かった。
とりわけ、休眠中の高麗人参苗に植物ホルモンを接触させる工程、次いで該植物ホルモンを除去する工程を施して得られる高麗人参苗を上記ＥＣの培養液で栽培することにより、良好な生育が促されることが判明した。
From the results of
In particular, good growth is promoted by cultivating ginseng seedlings obtained by applying a plant hormone to a dormant ginseng seedling and then removing the plant hormones in the EC culture solution. It has been found.
（試験３）各種植物ホルモンの高麗人参に対する萌芽促進効果の比較
各種植物ホルモンの高麗人参に対する萌芽促進効果を調べた。
試験には、露地栽培されていた２年苗で、地上部が枯れた休眠苗を使用した。植物ホルモンとしてはジベレリン（ＧＡ3）、カイネチン（Ｋｉｎ）、６−ベンジルアミノプリン（６−ＢＡＰ）の３種類を使用した。これら３種類の植物ホルモンは種子に対する休眠打破効果がよく知られているものの、高麗人参の休眠苗に対する萌芽促進効果は学術的には証明されていない。これらの植物ホルモンを２０ｐｐｍと１００ｐｐｍになるようにホルモン溶液を作成した。試験３における各試験区の条件は表４の通りである。
休眠苗を植物ホルモンに接触させる工程として、ジッパー付きのビニール袋にこのホルモン溶液と休眠苗を入れ、袋の口を閉じて一晩浸漬、振盪した。これを処理後日数０日とする。次いで、該植物ホルモンを除去する工程として、袋から苗を取り出し、流水でホルモン溶液をよく洗い流した。これら２つの処理工程を施した苗は湿らせたペーパータオルに包み、再度チャック付きのビニール袋に入れて口を開けたまま、室温２０℃、湿度なりゆき、補光なし、日長１６時間の環境下に静置して萌芽率を調べた。
比較試験として、高麗人参苗の萌芽促進方法としてよく利用される低温処理とその対照試験も実施した。休眠苗を１ヵ月間、室温４℃（試験区３−７）、２０℃（試験区３−８）で静置し、植物ホルモン処理を行わずに上記と同様の環境に静置し萌芽率を調べた。処理後日数０日は、この上記と同様の環境下に静置したその日とする。
In the test, dormant seedlings with two-year seedlings that had been cultivated in the open field and withered the above-ground part were used. Three kinds of plant hormones, gibberellin (GA 3 ), kinetin (Kin), and 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BAP) were used. Although these three kinds of plant hormones are well known for their effects on breaking seeds, they have not been scientifically proven to promote germination of ginseng for dormant seedlings. Hormonal solutions were prepared so that these plant hormones were 20 ppm and 100 ppm. Table 4 shows the conditions of each test section in
As a process of bringing dormant seedlings into contact with plant hormones, the hormone solution and the dormant seedlings were placed in a plastic bag with a zipper, and the mouth of the bag was closed and immersed overnight and shaken. This is the number of days after processing. Next, as a step of removing the plant hormone, the seedling was taken out from the bag, and the hormone solution was thoroughly washed away with running water. The seedlings that have undergone these two treatment steps are wrapped in a damp paper towel, placed in a plastic bag with a zipper again, and the mouth is open. The germination rate was examined by allowing it to stand below.
As a comparative test, a low-temperature treatment often used as a method for promoting germination of ginseng seedlings and a control test thereof were also carried out. Leave the dormant seedlings at room temperature of 4 ° C (test group 3-7) and 20 ° C (test group 3-8) for 1 month and leave them in the same environment as above without plant hormone treatment. I investigated. The number of days after the treatment is defined as the day of standing in the same environment as described above.
（萌芽結果）
図６から明らかなように、植物ホルモンとしてジベレリンを接触させ、次いで除去した高麗人参休眠苗は、ジベレリン溶液濃度が２０、１００ｐｐｍのどちらでも処理後１週間で萌芽率１００％に達した。
高麗人参の萌芽促進方法としてよく知られる低温処理（４℃、１ヵ月）でも萌芽率は２０％程度にしかならず、ジベレリン以外の植物ホルモン２種でも効果は同様だった。
植物ホルモン処理をせず、２０℃・１ヵ月に置いた試験区では萌芽はまったく見られなかった。
この試験により、高麗人参休眠苗の萌芽促進には、３種の植物ホルモンのうち、ジベレリン溶液による処理が最も効果的であることが明らかになった。
(Sprouting result)
As is clear from FIG. 6, the ginseng dormant seedlings that were contacted with gibberellin as a plant hormone and then removed reached a germination rate of 100% within one week after treatment at both gibberellin solution concentrations of 20 and 100 ppm.
Even at low-temperature treatment (4 ° C, 1 month), a well-known method for promoting ginseng germination, the germination rate was only about 20%, and the effects were the same for two plant hormones other than gibberellin.
No sprout was seen in the test plot that was not treated with plant hormones and placed at 20 ° C. for one month.
This test revealed that the treatment with gibberellin solution is the most effective among the three plant hormones for promoting the germination of ginseng dormant seedlings.
（試験４）ジベレリン溶液濃度による萌芽促進効果の比較
高麗人参の休眠苗の萌芽促進に最も効果的なジベレリン溶液の濃度を調べるため、０．５、１、２、５、１０、２０ｐｐｍのジベレリン溶液及び対照として水を、試験３と同様に接触させ、次いで該溶液を除去し、試験３と同一環境下にて萌芽率を調べた。
(Test 4) Comparison of germination promotion effect by gibberellin solution concentration 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20 ppm gibberellin solution to examine the concentration of gibberellin solution most effective for promoting germination of ginseng dormant seedlings And as a control, water was contacted in the same manner as in
（結果）
図７から明らかなように、ジベレリン処理をしない試験区（０ｐｐｍ）では処理後１０日までに萌芽する苗はなかった。ジベレリン処理をした苗（０．５、１、２、５、１０、２０ｐｐｍ）では濃度依存的に萌芽が早く、萌芽率１００％に達するまでに必要な期間が短い傾向にあったが、どの濃度でも処理後９日までには萌芽率が１００％になった。
高麗人参の生産効率向上のため、休眠中の苗を短期間で萌芽促進させるには、処理後７日程度までに１００％の萌芽率を示すことが望ましい。これを叶え、かつ、植物ホルモンによる悪影響を回避しやすい、最も低いジベレリン溶液濃度は１ｐｐｍであり、この濃度が休眠中の高麗人参苗の萌芽促進に最も好適な濃度であった。
(result)
As is apparent from FIG. 7, in the test group (0 ppm) where no gibberellin treatment was performed, no seedlings sprouted by 10 days after the treatment. In the seedlings (0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20 ppm) treated with gibberellin, the germination was fast in a concentration-dependent manner, and the period required to reach a germination rate of 100% tended to be short. However, the germination rate reached 100% by 9 days after the treatment.
In order to improve the production efficiency of ginseng, it is desirable to exhibit a germination rate of 100% by about 7 days after treatment in order to promote the germination of dormant seedlings in a short period of time. The lowest gibberellin solution concentration that achieves this and easily avoids adverse effects due to plant hormones is 1 ppm, and this concentration is the most suitable concentration for promoting germination of dormant ginseng seedlings.
以上に述べてきた試験３及び４の結果から、休眠中の高麗人参苗の萌芽を促進して休眠期間を短縮するためには、植物ホルモンを接触させる工程を設けると効果的であること、植物ホルモンのなかでもジベレリンが最も有効であること、高麗人参苗に接触させるジベレリン濃度は０ｐｐｍを超えて０．５ｐｐｍ乃至１００ｐｐｍ、望ましくは０．５ｐｐｍ乃至２０ｐｐｍで十分な効果を発揮することが明らかになった。
さらに試験２においてホルモンを除去する工程を設けることでその後の生育への悪影響を避けることが可能であることが明らかになった。
これらの方法を組み合わせることで、露地栽培では６ヵ月／年もある休眠期間が１ヵ月、好適にはわずか１０日以内に短縮できるうえ、その後の生育も良好であり、高麗人参の効率的な栽培が可能になる。
From the results of
Furthermore, it became clear that the adverse effect on the subsequent growth can be avoided by providing a step for removing hormones in
By combining these methods, the dormancy period of 6 months / year can be shortened to 1 month, preferably within 10 days, and the subsequent growth is good. Is possible.
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| KR20220069510A (en) * | 2020-11-20 | 2022-05-27 | 대한민국(농촌진흥청장) | Method for mass propagation of Cnidium officinale Makino through tissue culture |
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