CN110818515B - Blueberry nutrient solution for indoor cultivation and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Blueberry nutrient solution for indoor cultivation and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C3/00—Fertilisers containing other salts of ammonia or ammonia itself, e.g. gas liquor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
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Abstract
The invention discloses a blueberry nutrient solution for indoor cultivation and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the nutrient solution comprises the following nutrient components: 4.9-5.2mmol/L of nitrogen, 2.0-2.1mmol/L of potassium, 0.65-0.69mmol/L of calcium, 0.13-0.14mmol/L of magnesium, 182 mu mol/L of iron 173-containing iron, 52-57 mu mol/L of manganese, 0.66-0.73 mu mol/L of boron, 2.75-3.00 mu mol/L of zinc, 0.47-0.52 mu mol/L of molybdenum and 2.5-2.8mmol/L of sulfur. The blueberry nutrient solution provided by the invention is reasonable in element proportion, promotes growth of blueberry plants, and improves yield of blueberry fruits. The problems that blueberry plants grow slowly and are low in yield under a general formula in an artificial light indoor environment are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fruit cultivation, and particularly relates to a blueberry nutrient solution for indoor cultivation and a preparation method and application thereof
Background
Blueberry is perennial shrub of Vaccinium in Ericaceae, and is a small berry fruit tree with extremely high economic value. The blueberry fruit is blue and has a layer of white fruit powder, and the pulp is fine and fragrant. The blueberry fruit contains abundant vitamins, dietary fibers, anthocyanin and trace elements, has good nutrition and health care functions, can also delay nerve aging and remove active oxygen, and has good prevention effect on cancers, cardiovascular diseases and the like. The blueberry is increasingly popular among people due to the unique flavor and the nutrition and health care function of the blueberry.
The blueberries are introduced for cultivation research from 1988 in China, and soil cultivation is mainly utilized. However, the blueberry has extremely strict requirements on soil, especially soil pH and soil organic matters, and the soil needs to be improved in order to ensure the excellent quality of the blueberry. At present, the research on soilless culture of blueberries is also developed for solving the problems faced by soil culture. The artificial light indoor cultivation can realize the high-efficiency production of the blueberries by controlling the matrix, the illumination, the nutrient solution, the temperature, the humidity, the carbon dioxide and the like in the growth process of the blueberries. The research and development of the nutrient solution suitable for soilless culture of the blueberries have important significance. At present, nutrient solution products and formulas which can be effectively used for soilless culture of blueberries are not available in the market, and blueberry nutrient solutions suitable for artificial light indoor culture are not researched yet. Some common nutrient formulations commonly used in hydroponics of plants are also not suitable for the growth characteristics of blueberries.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a blueberry nutrient solution for indoor cultivation and a preparation method and application thereof, and solve the problem that blueberries grow slowly in an indoor cultivation environment of artificial light.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the invention aims to provide a blueberry nutrient solution for indoor cultivation, which comprises the following nutrient components: 4.9-5.2mmol/L of nitrogen, 2.0-2.1mmol/L of potassium, 0.65-0.69mmol/L of calcium, 0.13-0.14mmol/L of magnesium, 182 mu mol/L of iron 173-containing iron, 52-57 mu mol/L of manganese, 0.66-0.73 mu mol/L of boron, 2.75-3.00 mu mol/L of zinc, 0.47-0.52 mu mol/L of molybdenum and 2.5-2.8mmol/L of sulfur.
Further, the nutrient solution is prepared from a solid nutrient solution water-soluble fertilizer, and the solid nutrient solution water-soluble fertilizer comprises the following components: ammonium sulfate, ammonium bisulfate, ammonium molybdate, calcium nitrate, ferric EDTA, potassium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate and boric acid.
Furthermore, the solid nutrient solution water soluble fertilizer consists of a solid nutrient solution A, a solid nutrient solution B and a solid nutrient solution C, wherein the solid nutrient solution A consists of ammonium sulfate, ammonium bisulfate and ammonium molybdate; the solid nutrient solution B consists of calcium nitrate and EDTA ferric salt; the solid nutrient solution C consists of potassium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate and boric acid.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the blueberry nutrient solution for indoor cultivation, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a solid nutrient solution water-soluble fertilizer:
a. weighing the required raw materials of ammonium sulfate, ammonium bisulfate, ammonium molybdate, calcium nitrate, EDTA ferric salt, potassium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate and boric acid according to the standards that the working concentration of each nutrient component in the nutrient solution is 4.9-5.2mmol/L, potassium is 2.0-2.1mmol/L, calcium is 0.65-0.69mmol/L, magnesium is 0.13-0.14mmol/L, iron 173-182 mu mol/L, manganese is 52-57 mu mol/L, boron is 0.66-0.73 mu mol/L, zinc is 2.75-3.00 mu mol/L, molybdenum is 0.47-0.52 mu mol/L and sulfur is 2.5-2.8 mmol/L;
b. preparing a solid nutrient solution A: taking ammonium sulfate, ammonium bisulfate and ammonium molybdate, mixing uniformly, and standing at room temperature for later use;
c. preparing a solid nutrient solution B: uniformly mixing calcium nitrate and EDTA ferric salt, and standing at room temperature for later use;
d. preparing a solid nutrient solution C: taking potassium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate and boric acid, mixing uniformly, and standing at room temperature for later use;
(2) preparing a concentrated nutrient solution: respectively dissolving the solid nutrient solution A, the solid nutrient solution B and the solid nutrient solution C in RO water to prepare a mother solution A, a mother solution B and a mother solution C, wherein the concentration of the mother solution A, the mother solution B and the mother solution C is 200-400 times of the working concentration of the nutrient solution;
(3) preparing a working nutrient solution on site: and (3) sequentially adding the same amount of the mother liquor A, the mother liquor B and the mother liquor C into a water bucket filled with water, stirring while adding, and fixing the volume to obtain a working nutrient solution which is used along with the preparation.
The third purpose of the invention is to provide the application of the blueberry nutrient solution in the indoor cultivation environment of artificial light of blueberries.
The fourth purpose of the invention is to provide a method for cultivating blueberries indoors by artificial light, which is to spray blueberry plants by using the blueberry nutrient solution.
Further, the cultivation method comprises the following steps:
(1) in the dormancy stage, the blueberries are fixedly planted in the matrix, the ambient temperature is gradually reduced to below 7.2 ℃ to enter dormancy, the requirement of low-temperature cold quantity requirement of the blueberry varieties is met under the condition of no illumination, and the blueberry nutrient solution is used for sprinkling irrigation in the dormancy stage;
(2) in the sprouting period: gradually raising the ambient temperature to 20 ℃ under the illumination condition, breaking the dormancy of the blueberry, and performing sprinkling irrigation by using blueberry nutrient solution in the period;
(3) and (3) flowering and fruiting period: after the flowers bloom, gradually raising the environmental temperature to 22-24 ℃ for pollination, and during the period, carrying out sprinkling irrigation by using blueberry nutrient solution.
Still further, the cultivation method further comprises any one or more of the following features: (1) the EC value of the blueberry nutrient solution in the dormant period is 1.0-1.2mS/cm, the EC value of the blueberry nutrient solution in the sprouting growth period is 1.2-1.5mS/cm, the EC value of the blueberry nutrient solution in the flowering and fruiting period is 1.5-2.0mS/cm, and the pH value of the blueberry nutrient solution is 4.5-5.0; (2) the matrix is formed by mixing peat soil and perlite according to the volume ratio of 2: 1; (3) the light environment conditions are as follows: white light LED lamp, colour temperature 4000K, red blue photon is than 2:1, the illumination intensity is 200-; (4) the relative humidity in the dormancy stage is 80%, the relative humidity in the germination growth stage is 60-70%, and the relative humidity in the flowering and fruiting stage is 50-60%.
Still further, the cultivation method further comprises any one or more of the following features: (1) 3 times of sprinkling irrigation are carried out every week in the early stage of the dormancy period, each time is 4 minutes, and the sprinkling irrigation is gradually adjusted to 1 time every week within 10 days without illumination, and each time is 4 minutes; in the sprouting period, gradually adjusting from 1-time-per-week sprinkling irrigation to 3-time-per-week sprinkling irrigation within 10 days after illumination is recovered, wherein each time is 4 minutes, and gradually adjusting from 3-time-per-week sprinkling irrigation to 1-time-per-day sprinkling irrigation within 10 days after sprouting, wherein each time is 4 minutes; in the flowering and fruiting period, after fruit setting, the sprinkling irrigation is gradually adjusted from 1 time per day to 2 times per day within 15 days, and each time is 4 minutes; (2) acidifying the matrix with sulfur powder, and adjusting the pH value to 4.5-5.0; (3) the illumination time at the early stage of the growth period of the buds is 8 hours/day, the illumination intensity is 200 mu mol/square meter/s, the illumination intensity is gradually prolonged to 10 hours/day within 10 days after the flower buds and leaves are germinated, and the illumination intensity is enhanced to 250 mu mol/square meter/s; the illumination time in the flowering and fruiting period is 12 hours/day, and the illumination intensity is 300 mu mol/square meter.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the blueberry nutrient solution provided by the invention is reasonable in element proportion, promotes the growth of blueberry plants, and improves the yield of blueberry fruits. The problems that blueberry plants grow slowly and are low in yield under a general formula in an artificial light indoor environment are solved;
2. by using the blueberry nutrient solution elements provided by the invention, the sugar-acid ratio of blueberry fruits is improved, and the flavor is better. The problem of blueberry flavor is not good under artificial light indoor environment is solved.
3. By using the blueberry nutrient solution provided by the invention, the anthocyanin content of blueberry fruits is improved, and the nutrition and health-care effects of the blueberry fruits are enhanced. Meanwhile, the problems of withered and yellow old leaves, yellow middle parts and yellow new leaves caused by unbalanced absorption of mineral elements of blueberry plants in an artificial light indoor environment are solved.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto, and various substitutions and alterations can be made without departing from the technical idea of the present invention as described above, according to the common technical knowledge and the conventional means in the field.
Example 1
A preparation method of blueberry nutrient solution for indoor cultivation comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a solid nutrient solution water-soluble fertilizer:
a. weighing required raw materials of ammonium sulfate, ammonium bisulfate, ammonium molybdate, calcium nitrate, ferric EDTA, potassium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate and boric acid according to the standards that the working concentration of each nutrient component in the nutrient solution is 5.0mmol/L of nitrogen, 2.06mmol/L of potassium, 0.67mmol/L of calcium, 0.14mmol/L of magnesium, 178 mu mol/L of iron, 55 mu mol/L of manganese, 0.70 mu mol/L of boron, 2.90 mu mol/L of zinc, 0.50 mu mol/L of molybdenum and 2.70mmol/L of sulfur;
b. preparing a solid nutrient solution A: taking ammonium sulfate, ammonium bisulfate and ammonium molybdate, mixing uniformly, and standing at room temperature for later use;
c. preparing a solid nutrient solution B: uniformly mixing calcium nitrate and EDTA ferric salt, and standing at room temperature for later use;
d. preparing a solid nutrient solution C: taking potassium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate and boric acid, mixing uniformly, and standing at room temperature for later use;
(2) preparing a concentrated nutrient solution: respectively dissolving the solid nutrient solution A, the solid nutrient solution B and the solid nutrient solution C in RO water to prepare mother solution A, mother solution B and mother solution C, wherein the concentration of the mother solution A, the mother solution B and the mother solution C is 200 times of the working concentration of the nutrient solution, and standing at room temperature for later use.
Example 2:
a preparation method of blueberry nutrient solution for indoor cultivation comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a solid nutrient solution water-soluble fertilizer:
a. weighing required raw materials of ammonium sulfate, ammonium bisulfate, ammonium molybdate, calcium nitrate, EDTA ferric salt, potassium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate and boric acid according to the standards that the working concentration of each nutrient component in the nutrient solution is 4.9mmol/L, 2.1mmol/L of potassium, 0.69mmol/L of calcium, 0.14mmol/L of magnesium, 182 mu mol/L of iron, 52 mu mol/L of manganese, 0.73 mu mol/L of boron, 3.00 mu mol/L of zinc, 0.52 mu mol/L of molybdenum and 2.50mmol/L of sulfur;
b. preparing a solid nutrient solution A: taking ammonium sulfate, ammonium bisulfate and ammonium molybdate, mixing uniformly, and standing at room temperature for later use;
c. preparing a solid nutrient solution B: uniformly mixing calcium nitrate and EDTA ferric salt, and standing at room temperature for later use;
d. preparing a solid nutrient solution C: taking potassium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate and boric acid, mixing uniformly, and standing at room temperature for later use;
(2) preparing a concentrated nutrient solution: respectively dissolving the solid nutrient solution A, the solid nutrient solution B and the solid nutrient solution C in RO water to prepare mother solution A, mother solution B and mother solution C, wherein the concentration of the mother solution A, the mother solution B and the mother solution C is 200 times of the working concentration of the nutrient solution, and standing at room temperature for later use.
Example 3:
a preparation method of a blueberry nutrient solution for indoor cultivation comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a solid nutrient solution water-soluble fertilizer:
a. weighing required raw materials of ammonium sulfate, ammonium bisulfate, ammonium molybdate, calcium nitrate, ferric EDTA, potassium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate and boric acid according to the standards that the working concentration of each nutrient component in the nutrient solution is 5.2mmol/L of nitrogen, 2.0mmol/L of potassium, 0.65mmol/L of calcium, 0.13mmol/L of magnesium, 173 mu mol/L of iron, 57 mu mol/L of manganese, 0.66 mu mol/L of boron, 2.75 mu mol/L of zinc, 0.47 mu mol/L of molybdenum and 2.80mmol/L of sulfur;
b. preparing a solid nutrient solution A: taking ammonium sulfate, ammonium bisulfate and ammonium molybdate, mixing uniformly, and standing at room temperature for later use;
c. preparing solid nutrient solution B: uniformly mixing calcium nitrate and EDTA ferric salt, and standing at room temperature for later use;
d. preparing a solid nutrient solution C: taking potassium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate and boric acid, mixing uniformly, and standing at room temperature for later use;
(2) preparing a concentrated nutrient solution: respectively dissolving the solid nutrient solution A, the solid nutrient solution B and the solid nutrient solution C in RO water to prepare mother solution A, mother solution B and mother solution C, wherein the concentration of the mother solution A, the mother solution B and the mother solution C is 400 times of the working concentration of the nutrient solution, and standing at room temperature for later use.
Example 4:
the preparation method of the blueberry nutrient solution is the same as that of the blueberry nutrient solution in the embodiment 1.
The blueberry nutrient solution is adopted from 8 months to 3 months in 2019 in 2018, and cultivation tests are carried out in an artificial light indoor environment. The tested variety is 'Bei Lu', and the seedling grows in four years. The specific test steps are as follows:
(1) and in the dormancy stage, the environmental temperature is reduced to below 7.2 ℃ in 2018, 8, 30 and the like, the low-temperature accumulation reaches about 1000 hours, and management of dormancy breaking and sprouting is carried out. The whole dormancy period is carried out under the condition of no illumination, the relative humidity is maintained at about 80%, and diluted blueberry nutrient solution is used for sprinkling irrigation.
(2) In the sprouting period: after the dormancy stage is finished, the temperature is raised to 20 ℃ in 2018, 11, 12 and 12 days, and the dormancy is broken, so that the germination and the flowering are promoted. The method is carried out under the condition of illumination, and the relative humidity is controlled to be 60-70%. Diluted blueberry nutrient solution is used for sprinkling irrigation,
(3) and (3) flowering and fruiting period: and 6 days 11 and 16 in 2018, and pollinating after the flowers bloom. The environmental temperature is gradually increased to 23 ℃, the process is carried out under the condition of illumination, the relative humidity is controlled to be 50-60%, and diluted blueberry nutrient solution is used for sprinkling irrigation.
The matrix is formed by mixing peat soil and perlite according to the volume ratio of 2:1, and is acidified by sulfur powder, and the pH value of the matrix is adjusted to 4.5-5.0.
The light environment conditions are as follows: the white light LED lamp has the color temperature of 4000K and the red-blue photon ratio of 2:1, the illumination intensity is 200-. The illumination time at the early stage of the growth period of the sprouts is 8 hours/day, and the illumination intensity is 200 mu mol/square meter/s; gradually prolonging the length of the buds of the flower buds to 10 hours/day within 10 days after the buds of the flower buds sprout, and enhancing the illumination intensity to 250 mu mol/square meter.s; the illumination time in the flowering and fruiting period is 12 hours/day, and the illumination intensity is 300 mu mol/square meter.
The nutrient solution conditions were as follows: the blueberry nutrient solution is used in the whole cultivation period. (a) A dormant period: and (3) sequentially adding the same amount of the mother liquor A, the mother liquor B and the mother liquor C into a water bucket filled with RO water to prepare diluted blueberry nutrient solution with an EC value of 1.2mS/cm, and adjusting the pH value of the diluted blueberry nutrient solution to 4.5-5.0 by using acid. 3 times of spray irrigation are carried out every week in the early period of the dormancy period, each time is 4 minutes, and the water is gradually adjusted to once per week within 10 days after no illumination. (b) In the sprouting period: sequentially adding equal amount of the mother liquor A, the mother liquor B and the mother liquor C into a bucket filled with RO water to prepare diluted blueberry nutrient solution with EC value of 1.5mS/cm, and adjusting pH value of the diluted blueberry nutrient solution to 4.5-5.0 with acid. The illumination is recovered, and the sprinkling irrigation is gradually adjusted from 1 time per week to 3 times per week within 10 days, wherein each time is 4 minutes; after germination, the adjustment was gradually made from 3 sprinkles per week to 1 sprinkler each day for 4 minutes over 10 days. (c) And (3) flowering and fruiting period: and (3) sequentially adding the same amount of the mother liquor A, the mother liquor B and the mother liquor C into a water bucket filled with RO water to prepare diluted blueberry nutrient solution with an EC value of 1.8mS/cm, and adjusting the pH value of the diluted blueberry nutrient solution to 4.5-5.0 by using acid. After flowering, the water was gradually adjusted from 1 to 2 sprays per day for 4 minutes within 15 days.
At the same time, the general formula of the Japanese garden test is selected as the contrast nutrient solution for cultivation, and the management mode is the same as that of the test example. The flowering and fruiting conditions of the blueberries were recorded and the results were compared as shown in tables 1, 2 and 3.
TABLE 1 phenological period
TABLE 2 fruit appearance and yield
TABLE 3 fruit quality
| Treatment of | Anthocyanidin (mg/g) | Soluble solids% | Soluble sugar% | Titratable acid% | Ratio of sugar to acid |
| EXAMPLE 1 nutrient solution | 1.97±0.28 | 11.00±0.70 | 9.01±0.78 | 0.68±0.23 | 10.69±1.24 |
| Contrast nutrient solution | 1.58±0.20 | 11.2±0.92 | 6.39±0.51 | 0.85±0.35 | 7.51±3.18 |
Compared with the results of the comparison nutrient solution, the blueberry nutrient solution of the example 1 of the invention has the advantages that the blueberry plants in the northern China land using the blueberry nutrient solution of the example 1 grow well without nutrient deficiency symptoms, and the comparison nutrient solution has the symptoms of withered and yellow old leaves. Moreover, the blueberry nutrient solution of the example 1 is used for promoting the bearing of the blueberries in the North land, so that the yield of the blueberries is improved, and the quality of the fruits is improved.
Example 5:
the preparation method of the blueberry nutrient solution is the same as that of the blueberry nutrient solution in the embodiment 2.
The cultivation test was performed in an artificial light indoor environment. The tested variety is 'Shuangfeng' and grows for four years.
The specific test steps are as follows:
(1) and in the dormancy stage, the environmental temperature is reduced to below 7.2 ℃ in 2018, 8, 30 and the like, the low-temperature accumulation reaches about 1000 hours, and management of dormancy breaking and sprouting is carried out. The whole dormancy period is carried out under the condition of no illumination, the relative humidity is maintained at about 80%, and diluted blueberry nutrient solution is used for sprinkling irrigation.
(2) In the sprouting period: after the dormancy stage is finished, the temperature is raised to 20 ℃ in 2018, 11, 12 and 12 days, and the dormancy is broken, so that the germination and the flowering are promoted. The method is carried out under the condition of illumination, and the relative humidity is controlled to be 60-70%. Diluted blueberry nutrient solution is used for sprinkling irrigation,
(3) and (3) flowering and fruiting period: and 6 days 11 and 16 in 2018, and pollinating after the flowers bloom. The environmental temperature is gradually increased to 23 ℃, the process is carried out under the condition of illumination, the relative humidity is controlled to be 50-60%, and diluted blueberry nutrient solution is used for sprinkling irrigation.
The matrix is formed by mixing peat soil and perlite according to the volume ratio of 2:1, and is acidified by sulfur powder, and the pH value of the matrix is adjusted to 4.5-5.0.
The light environment conditions are as follows: white light LED lamp, colour temperature 4000K, red blue photon is than 2:1, the illumination intensity is 200-. The illumination time at the early stage of the growth period of the sprouts is 8 hours/day, and the illumination intensity is 200 mu mol/square meter/s; gradually prolonging the length of the buds of the flower buds to 10 hours/day within 10 days after the buds of the flower buds sprout, and enhancing the illumination intensity to 250 mu mol/square meter.s; the illumination time in the flowering and fruiting period is 12 hours/day, and the illumination intensity is 300 mu mol/square meter.
The nutrient solution conditions were as follows: the blueberry nutrient solution is used in the whole cultivation period. (a) A dormant period: and (3) sequentially adding the same amount of the mother liquor A, the mother liquor B and the mother liquor C into a water bucket filled with RO water to prepare diluted blueberry nutrient solution with an EC value of 1.2mS/cm, and adjusting the pH value of the diluted blueberry nutrient solution to 4.5-5.0 by using acid. 3 times of sprinkling irrigation are carried out every week in the early period of the dormancy period, each time is 4 minutes, and the sprinkling irrigation is gradually adjusted to once a week within 10 days without illumination. (b) In the sprouting period: and (3) sequentially adding the same amount of the mother liquor A, the mother liquor B and the mother liquor C into a water bucket filled with RO water to prepare diluted blueberry nutrient solution with an EC value of 1.5mS/cm, and adjusting the pH value of the diluted blueberry nutrient solution to 4.5-5.0 by using acid. The illumination is recovered, and the sprinkling irrigation is gradually adjusted from 1 time per week to 3 times per week within 10 days, and each time is 4 minutes; after germination, the adjustment was gradually made from 3 sprinkles per week to 1 sprinkler each day for 4 minutes over 10 days. (c) And (3) flowering and fruiting period: and (3) sequentially adding the same amount of the mother liquor A, the mother liquor B and the mother liquor C into a water bucket filled with RO water to prepare diluted blueberry nutrient solution with an EC value of 1.8mS/cm, and adjusting the pH value of the diluted blueberry nutrient solution to 4.5-5.0 by using acid. After flowering, the water was gradually adjusted from 1 to 2 sprays per day for 4 minutes within 15 days.
At the same time, the general formula of the Japanese garden test is selected as the contrast nutrient solution for cultivation, and the management mode is the same as that of the test example. The blossoming and bearing of the blueberries were recorded and the results compared in tables 4, 5 and 6.
TABLE 4 phenological period
TABLE 5 fruit appearance and yield
TABLE 6 fruit quality
| Treatment of | Anthocyanidin (mg/g) | Soluble solids% | Soluble sugar% | Titratable acid% | Ratio of sugar to acid |
| Example 2 nutrient solution | 0.98±0.08 | 12.15±0.64 | 9.55±1.10 | 0.46±0.16 | 22.44±4.98 |
| Contrast nutrient solution | 0.85±0.09 | 12.43±0.72 | 9.46±1.23 | 0.45±0.20 | 21.02±6.42 |
Compared with the results of the blueberry nutrient solution in the embodiment 2 of the invention and the comparison nutrient solution, the single fruit weight and yield of the double-abundance blueberry plant using the blueberry nutrient solution in the embodiment 2 are higher than those of the comparison example.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or terminal that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or terminal. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrases "comprising … …" or "comprising … …" does not exclude the presence of additional elements in a process, method, article, or terminal that comprises the element. Further, herein, "greater than," "less than," "more than," and the like are understood to exclude the present numbers; the terms "above", "below", "within" and the like are to be understood as including the number.
Although the embodiments have been described, once the basic inventive concept is obtained, other variations and modifications of these embodiments can be made by those skilled in the art, so that the above embodiments are only examples of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all the modifications of the equivalent structure or equivalent flow path using the present specification, or the direct or indirect application to other related fields are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A blueberry nutrient solution for indoor cultivation is characterized by comprising the following nutrient components: 4.9-5.2mmol/L of nitrogen, 2.0-2.1mmol/L of potassium, 0.65-0.69mmol/L of calcium, 0.13-0.14mmol/L of magnesium, 182 mu mol/L of iron 173-containing iron, 52-57 mu mol/L of manganese, 0.66-0.73 mu mol/L of boron, 2.75-3.00 mu mol/L of zinc, 0.47-0.52 mu mol/L of molybdenum and 2.5-2.8mmol/L of sulfur; the nutrient solution is prepared from a solid nutrient solution water-soluble fertilizer, and the solid nutrient solution water-soluble fertilizer comprises the following components: ammonium sulfate, ammonium bisulfate, ammonium molybdate, calcium nitrate, ferric EDTA, potassium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate and boric acid.
2. The blueberry nutrient solution for indoor cultivation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the solid nutrient solution water soluble fertilizer consists of a solid nutrient solution A, a solid nutrient solution B and a solid nutrient solution C, and the solid nutrient solution A consists of ammonium sulfate, ammonium bisulfate and ammonium molybdate; the solid nutrient solution B consists of calcium nitrate and EDTA ferric salt; the solid nutrient solution C consists of potassium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate and boric acid.
3. A preparation method of blueberry nutrient solution for indoor cultivation is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing a solid nutrient solution water-soluble fertilizer:
a. according to the standards that the working concentration of each nutrient component in the nutrient solution is 4.9-5.2mmol/L of nitrogen, 2.0-2.1mmol/L of potassium, 0.65-0.69mmol/L of calcium, 0.13-0.14mmol/L of magnesium, 173-182 mu mol/L of iron, 52-57 mu mol/L of manganese, 0.66-0.73 mu mol/L of boron, 2.75-3.00 mu mol/L of zinc, 0.47-0.52 mu mol/L of molybdenum and 2.5-2.8mmol/L of sulfur, required raw materials of ammonium sulfate, ammonium bisulfate, ammonium molybdate, calcium nitrate, EDTA iron salt, potassium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate and boric acid are weighed;
b. preparing a solid nutrient solution A: taking ammonium sulfate, ammonium bisulfate and ammonium molybdate, mixing uniformly, and standing at room temperature for later use;
c. preparing a solid nutrient solution B: uniformly mixing calcium nitrate and EDTA ferric salt, and standing at room temperature for later use;
d. preparing a solid nutrient solution C: taking potassium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate and boric acid, mixing uniformly, and standing at room temperature for later use;
(2) preparing a concentrated nutrient solution: respectively dissolving the solid nutrient solution A, the solid nutrient solution B and the solid nutrient solution C in RO water to prepare a mother solution A, a mother solution B and a mother solution C, wherein the concentration of the mother solution A, the mother solution B and the mother solution C is 200-400 times of the working concentration of the nutrient solution;
(3) preparing a working nutrient solution on site: and (3) sequentially adding the same amount of the mother liquor A, the mother liquor B and the mother liquor C into a water bucket filled with water, stirring while adding, and fixing the volume to obtain a working nutrient solution which is used along with the preparation.
4. The blueberry nutrient solution as defined in any one of claims 1-2 or the blueberry nutrient solution prepared in claim 3 is applied to artificial indoor cultivation environment of blueberry.
5. A method for cultivating blueberries in an artificial light room is characterized in that the blueberry nutrient solution as claimed in any one of claims 1-2 or the blueberry nutrient solution prepared in claim 3 is adopted to spray blueberry plants.
6. The method for cultivating the blueberries in the artificial light chamber as claimed in claim 5, comprising the following steps:
(1) in the dormancy stage, the blueberries are fixedly planted in the matrix, the ambient temperature is gradually reduced to below 7.2 ℃ to enter dormancy, the requirement of low-temperature cold quantity requirement of the blueberry varieties is met under the condition of no illumination, and the blueberry nutrient solution is used for sprinkling irrigation in the dormancy stage;
(2) in the germination growth period: gradually heating the ambient temperature to 20 ℃ under the illumination condition, breaking the dormancy of the blueberry, and performing sprinkling irrigation by using blueberry nutrient solution in the period;
(3) and (3) flowering and fruiting period: after the flowers bloom, the environmental temperature is gradually increased to 22-24 ℃ for pollination, and blueberry nutrient solution is used for sprinkling irrigation in the period.
7. The method for cultivating blueberries in an artificial light chamber as claimed in claim 6, further comprising any one or more of the following characteristics: (1) the EC value of the blueberry nutrient solution in the dormant period is 1.0-1.2mS/cm, the EC value of the blueberry nutrient solution in the sprouting growth period is 1.2-1.5mS/cm, the EC value of the blueberry nutrient solution in the flowering and fruiting period is 1.5-2.0mS/cm, and the pH value of the blueberry nutrient solution is 4.5-5.0; (2) the matrix is formed by mixing peat soil and perlite according to the volume ratio of 2: 1; (3) the light environment conditions are as follows: white light LED lamp, colour temperature 4000K, red blue photon is than 2:1, the illumination intensity is 200-; (4) the relative humidity in the dormancy stage is 80%, the relative humidity in the germination growth stage is 60-70%, and the relative humidity in the flowering and fruiting stage is 50-60%.
8. The method for cultivating blueberries in an artificial light chamber as claimed in claim 7, further comprising any one or more of the following characteristics: (1) 3 times of sprinkling irrigation are carried out every week in the early period of the dormancy period, each time is 4 minutes, and the sprinkling irrigation is gradually adjusted to 1 time every week within 10 days without illumination, and each time is 4 minutes; in the sprouting period, gradually adjusting from 1-time-per-week sprinkling irrigation to 3-time-per-week sprinkling irrigation within 10 days after illumination is recovered, wherein each time is 4 minutes, and gradually adjusting from 3-time-per-week sprinkling irrigation to 1-time-per-day sprinkling irrigation within 10 days after sprouting, wherein each time is 4 minutes; in the flowering and fruiting period, after fruit setting, the sprinkling irrigation is gradually adjusted from 1 time per day to 2 times per day within 15 days, and each time is 4 minutes; (2) acidifying the matrix with sulfur powder, and adjusting the pH value to 4.5-5.0; (3) the illumination time at the early stage of the growth period of the buds is 8 hours/day, the illumination intensity is 200 mu mol/square meter/s, the illumination intensity is gradually prolonged to 10 hours/day within 10 days after the flower buds and leaves are germinated, and the illumination intensity is enhanced to 250 mu mol/square meter/s; the illumination time in the flowering and fruiting period is 12 hours/day, and the illumination intensity is 300 mu mol/square meter.
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