CN109089804B - High-quality high-yield cultivation method for edible sweet potatoes - Google Patents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-quality and high-yield cultivation method of edible sweet potatoes, and relates to the technical field of planting. The method comprises the steps of seedling breeding, transplanting, water and fertilizer management and pest control, and also comprises the step of applying exogenous sources in the root tuber expansion periodThe selenium fertilizer is applied once, and the application amount is 4500mL/hm which is 1500-2The exogenous selenium fertilizer comprises, by mass, 0.20% -0.35% of selenium element and 0.25% -0.50% of free amino acid, wherein the free amino acid comprises lysine, glycine, alanine, serine and methionine. The cultivation method provided by the invention can be used for improving the yield and selenium content of edible sweet potatoes, remarkably improving the soluble sugar and anthocyanin content of the root tubers of the edible sweet potatoes and effectively improving the quality of the sweet potatoes.
Description
[ technical field ] A method for producing a semiconductor device
The invention relates to the technical field of planting, in particular to a high-quality and high-yield cultivation method of edible sweet potatoes.
[ background of the invention ]
The root tuber of the sweet potato is also called sweet potato, and mainly contains starch, soluble sugar, protein, fat, various vitamins, dietary fiber, calcium, iron and other nutrient components, and part of the variety also contains carotene and anthocyanin, so that the sweet potato is rich in nutrition and has various health-care effects of improving immunity, resisting cancer, resisting oxidation, delaying senility and the like. The varieties planted in sweet potato production in China mainly comprise starch types, edible types and dual-purpose types. Wherein, the starch type variety is characterized in that the potato pulp is white, the dry yield and the starch content are high, and the starch type variety is mainly used for starch production, fuel ethanol and the like; the edible variety is characterized in that the potato pulp is yellow, orange red or purple, has higher soluble sugar content and carotene or anthocyanin content, good taste and better health-care effect, has the effects of improving immunity, resisting cancer and oxidation, protecting vision, improving blood circulation, delaying senility, whitening and beautifying, and the like, and is mainly used for fresh food and food processing. In edible sweet potato varieties, the content of soluble sugar, the content of carotene, the content of anthocyanin and the content of starch are important indexes for measuring the quality of sweet potatoes.
With the improvement of living standard and the enhancement of health care consciousness of people, the demand on the quality of edible variety sweet potatoes is continuously increased, the planting area is also enlarged, the quality of the root tuber can influence the market competitiveness, and then the income of growers is influenced, therefore, the improvement of the quality of the root tuber has important significance. However, sweet potato planting is mainly focused on high-yield cultivation at the present stage, and a planting technology aiming at improving the quality of root tubers is lacked.
[ summary of the invention ]
Aiming at the problems, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a high-quality and high-yield cultivation method of edible sweet potatoes, and the method provides a cultivation method aiming at improving the quality of root tubers by optimizing the sweet potato cultivation technology.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a high-quality and high-yield cultivation method for edible sweet potatoes comprises the steps of seedling breeding, transplanting, water and fertilizer management and pest control, and further comprises the step of applying exogenous selenium fertilizer once in the root tuber expansion period, wherein the application amount is 1500-2The exogenous selenium fertilizer contains 0.20-0.35% of selenium element and 0.25-0.50% of free amino acid.
Preferably, the mass percent of the selenium element in the exogenous selenium fertilizer is 0.26 percent, and the mass percent of the free amino acid is 0.46 percent.
Further, the free amino acids include lysine, glycine, alanine, serine, and methionine.
Further, the exogenous selenium fertilizer is applied by foliage spraying, and is diluted by 200-fold water for 500-fold spraying.
Furthermore, the exogenous selenium fertilizer is applied in the morning or evening without rain.
Furthermore, the exogenous selenium fertilizer is not used with other medicines when applied.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a cultivation method aiming at improving the quality of the root tuber by optimizing the sweet potato cultivation technology. By adopting the cultivation method, the yield and the selenium content of the edible sweet potatoes can be improved, and the soluble sugar and anthocyanin content of the root tubers can be obviously improved; selenium can improve root system activity, protect damaged cells, promote carbon and nitrogen compounds to be transported to roots, accelerate synthesis and accumulation of saccharides and proteins, interact with lysine, glycine, alanine, serine and methionine which can delay senescence of plant cells and provide nutrition for the cells, coordinate and synergize, promote formation of compounds and chemical bonds related to anthocyanin synthesis in the cells, improve mutual transformation efficiency of the compounds, and further promote synthesis of sweet potato anthocyanin. Compared with a blank control, the method for planting the purple sweet potatoes improves the yield of the fresh sweet potatoes by 1.02 to 5.1 percent, the selenium content of tubers reaches 0.0178 to 0.0233mg/kg, the soluble sugar content of root tubers is increased by 21.91 to 49.57 percent, the anthocyanin content reaches 8.333 to 9.616mg/100g, and the increase is 7.52 to 24.08 percent.
[ detailed description ] embodiments
The following examples are provided to further illustrate the embodiments of the present invention.
Example 1
The embodiment is carried out in Pinle county of Guangxi Guilin city, and the basic physicochemical properties of the soil in the field are as follows: pH 6.34, organic matter 10.04g/kg, quick-acting phosphorus 2.29mg/kg, quick-acting potassium 253.15mg/kg, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen 80.4mg/kg, total selenium 0.43mg/kg, total cadmium 0.28 mg/kg. The planted sweet potato is purple sweet potato No. 8 of sweet osmanthus bred by Guangxi agricultural academy of sciences. The specific cultivation method comprises the following steps:
(1) seedling breeding: in late 1 month of 2017, medium and large potato blocks without diseases and insect pests and wounds are selected for seedling culture for 50 days, and robust seedlings are obtained.
(2) Land selection and preparation: selecting soil which is loose in texture, deep in soil layer, rich in organic matters and easy to drain and irrigate, deeply ploughing and sunning the soil, and leveling the soil to form a furrow with the width of 100cm and the height of 40 cm.
(3) Planting: and (2) selecting sunny days or afternoon planting, cutting stem tip seedlings with the length of 30cm from the seedlings in the step (1), soaking the stem tip seedlings in 1500 times of 50% methyl mop body fluid for 10min, filtering liquid medicine, planting on the ridge with the planting distance of 35cm, planting 4200 plants per mu horizontally and shallowly for 2cm, compacting base soil after planting, watering enough root fixing water in time within 3 days, and covering with a sunshade net.
(4) Fertilization management: 2000 kg/mu of decomposed organic fertilizer, 50 kg/mu of compound fertilizer and 30 kg/mu of potassium sulfate are applied when ridging is carried out; after 50 days of planting, dressing 10 kg/mu of potassium sulfate by combining with the culture soil; and in the later growth stage, 0.5% potassium nitrate solution is sprayed on the leaf surfaces.
(5) And (3) pest control: 5 percent phoxim granules are used for controlling soil insects by mixing 3 kg of fine soil and 15 kg of fine soil for each mu, and the phoxim granules are scattered when ridging; in the larval stage (before the third instar), imidacloprid is sprayed for 1 time by 500 times to prevent and control the foliar disease and pests; at the early stage of disease, 600 times of 50% thiophanate methyl is sprayed to prevent and treat black spot and vine top.
(6) Applying exogenous selenium fertilizer: applying the exogenous selenium fertilizer once in the root tuber expansion period, wherein the application amount is 1500mL/hm2The mass percent of selenium element in the exogenous selenium fertilizer is 0.26 percent, and the mass percent of free amino acid is 0.46 percent; the free amino acid comprises lysine, glycine, alanine, serine and methionine, the exogenous selenium fertilizer is applied by foliage spraying, and water is added for diluting by 500 times during spraying; the exogenous selenium fertilizer is applied in the morning or evening without rainy days; the exogenous selenium fertilizer is not used together with other medicines when applied.
Example 2
The embodiment is carried out in Pinle county of Guangxi Guilin city, and the basic physicochemical properties of the soil in the field are as follows: pH 6.34, organic matter 10.04g/kg, quick-acting phosphorus 2.29mg/kg, quick-acting potassium 253.15mg/kg, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen 80.4mg/kg, total selenium 0.43mg/kg, total cadmium 0.28 mg/kg. The planted sweet potato is purple sweet potato No. 8 of sweet osmanthus bred by Guangxi agricultural academy of sciences. The specific cultivation method comprises the following steps:
steps (1) to (5) are the same as in example 1.
And (6): applying exogenous selenium fertilizer: applying the exogenous selenium fertilizer once in the root tuber expansion period, wherein the application amount is 3000mL/hm2The mass percent of selenium element in the exogenous selenium fertilizer is 0.26 percent, and the mass percent of free amino acid is 0.46 percent; the free amino acids include lysine, glycine, alanine, serine and methionineThe exogenous selenium fertilizer is applied in a mode of foliage spraying, and is diluted by 500 times by adding water during spraying; the exogenous selenium fertilizer is applied in the morning or evening without rainy days; the exogenous selenium fertilizer is not used together with other medicines when applied.
Example 3
The embodiment is carried out in Pinle county of Guangxi Guilin city, and the basic physicochemical properties of the soil in the field are as follows: pH 6.34, organic matter 10.04g/kg, quick-acting phosphorus 2.29mg/kg, quick-acting potassium 253.15mg/kg, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen 80.4mg/kg, total selenium 0.43mg/kg, total cadmium 0.28 mg/kg. The planted sweet potato is purple sweet potato No. 8 of sweet osmanthus bred by Guangxi agricultural academy of sciences. The specific cultivation method comprises the following steps:
steps (1) to (5) are the same as in example 1.
And (6): applying exogenous selenium fertilizer: applying exogenous selenium fertilizer once in the root tuber expansion period, wherein the application amount is 4500mL/hm2The mass percent of selenium element in the exogenous selenium fertilizer is 0.26 percent, and the mass percent of free amino acid is 0.46 percent; the free amino acid comprises lysine, glycine, alanine, serine and methionine, the exogenous selenium fertilizer is applied by foliage spraying, and water is added for diluting by 500 times during spraying; the exogenous selenium fertilizer is applied in the morning or evening without rainy days; the exogenous selenium fertilizer is not used together with other medicines when applied.
Example 4
The embodiment is carried out in Pinle county of Guangxi Guilin city, and the basic physicochemical properties of the soil in the field are as follows: pH 6.34, organic matter 10.04g/kg, quick-acting phosphorus 2.29mg/kg, quick-acting potassium 253.15mg/kg, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen 80.4mg/kg, total selenium 0.43mg/kg, total cadmium 0.28 mg/kg. The planted sweet potato is purple sweet potato No. 8 of sweet osmanthus bred by Guangxi agricultural academy of sciences. The specific cultivation method comprises the following steps:
steps (1) to (5) are the same as in example 1.
And (6): applying exogenous selenium fertilizer: applying the exogenous selenium fertilizer once in the root tuber expansion period, wherein the application amount is 1500mL/hm2The mass percent of selenium element in the exogenous selenium fertilizer is 0.20 percent, and the mass percent of free amino acid is 0.25 percent; the above-mentionedThe free amino acid comprises lysine, glycine, alanine, serine and methionine, the exogenous selenium fertilizer is applied by foliage spraying, and is diluted by 200 times by adding water when being sprayed; the exogenous selenium fertilizer is applied in the morning or evening without rainy days; the exogenous selenium fertilizer is not used together with other medicines when applied.
Example 5
The embodiment is carried out in Pinle county of Guangxi Guilin city, and the basic physicochemical properties of the soil in the field are as follows: pH 6.34, organic matter 10.04g/kg, quick-acting phosphorus 2.29mg/kg, quick-acting potassium 253.15mg/kg, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen 80.4mg/kg, total selenium 0.43mg/kg, total cadmium 0.28 mg/kg. The planted sweet potato is purple sweet potato No. 8 of sweet osmanthus bred by Guangxi agricultural academy of sciences. The specific cultivation method comprises the following steps:
steps (1) to (5) are the same as in example 1.
And (6): applying exogenous selenium fertilizer: applying the exogenous selenium fertilizer once in the root tuber expansion period, wherein the application amount is 3000mL/hm2The mass percent of selenium element in the exogenous selenium fertilizer is 0.35 percent, and the mass percent of free amino acid is 0.50 percent; the free amino acid comprises lysine, glycine, alanine, serine and methionine, the exogenous selenium fertilizer is applied in a mode of foliage spraying, and water is added for diluting by 200 times during spraying; the exogenous selenium fertilizer is applied in the morning or evening without rainy days; the exogenous selenium fertilizer is not used together with other medicines when applied.
Example 6
The embodiment is carried out in Pinle county of Guangxi Guilin city, and the basic physicochemical properties of the soil in the field are as follows: pH 6.34, organic matter 10.04g/kg, quick-acting phosphorus 2.29mg/kg, quick-acting potassium 253.15mg/kg, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen 80.4mg/kg, total selenium 0.43mg/kg, total cadmium 0.28 mg/kg. The planted sweet potato is purple sweet potato No. 8 of sweet osmanthus bred by Guangxi agricultural academy of sciences. The specific cultivation method comprises the following steps:
steps (1) to (5) are the same as in example 1.
And (6): applying exogenous selenium fertilizer: applying exogenous selenium fertilizer once in the root tuber expansion period, wherein the application amount is 4500mL/hm2The quality of selenium element in the exogenous selenium fertilizerThe percentage is 0.30 percent, and the mass percentage of free amino acid is 0.40 percent; the free amino acid comprises lysine, glycine, alanine, serine and methionine, the exogenous selenium fertilizer is applied in a mode of foliage spraying, and water is added for dilution by 400 times during spraying; the exogenous selenium fertilizer is applied in the morning or evening without rainy days; the exogenous selenium fertilizer is not used together with other medicines when applied.
Comparative example 1:
the embodiment is carried out in Pinle county of Guangxi Guilin city, and the basic physicochemical properties of the soil in the field are as follows: pH 6.34, organic matter 10.04g/kg, quick-acting phosphorus 2.29mg/kg, quick-acting potassium 253.15mg/kg, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen 80.4mg/kg, total selenium 0.43mg/kg, total cadmium 0.28 mg/kg. The planted sweet potato is purple sweet potato No. 8 of sweet osmanthus bred by Guangxi agricultural academy of sciences. The specific cultivation method comprises the following steps:
steps (1) to (5) are the same as in example 1.
And (4) no step (6), namely no exogenous selenium fertilizer is applied.
Comparative example 2
The embodiment is carried out in Pinle county of Guangxi Guilin city, and the basic physicochemical properties of the soil in the field are as follows: pH 6.34, organic matter 10.04g/kg, quick-acting phosphorus 2.29mg/kg, quick-acting potassium 253.15mg/kg, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen 80.4mg/kg, total selenium 0.43mg/kg, total cadmium 0.28 mg/kg. The planted sweet potato is purple sweet potato No. 8 of sweet osmanthus bred by Guangxi agricultural academy of sciences. The specific cultivation method comprises the following steps:
steps (1) to (5) are the same as in example 1.
And (6): applying the commercial exogenous selenium fertilizer once in the root tuber expansion period, wherein the application amount is 1500mL/hm2(the application amount is the same as that in example 1), the commercially available exogenous selenium fertilizer is a selenium fertilizer produced by the biological science ltd of ao bang, yan xi, wherein the organic selenium is more than or equal to 6.0g/L and does not contain free amino acids such as lysine, glycine, alanine, serine, methionine and the like; the exogenous selenium fertilizer is applied by foliage spraying, and is diluted by 500 times by adding water during spraying; the exogenous selenium fertilizer is applied in the morning or evening without rainy days; the exogenous selenium fertilizer is not used together with other medicines when applied.
In examples 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 1 and 2, 20 sweet potatoes were randomly picked up and counted, all tubers were scooped up and weighed, and 20 sweet potatoes (potato vines and potato leaves) were taken back to the laboratory to be washed with clean water and then dried to prepare samples. Counting the treatment yield, the selenium element content, the root tuber soluble sugar content and the anthocyanin content, wherein the result is as follows:
TABLE 1 influence of exogenous selenium fertilizer on the yield of fresh sweet potatoes
| Treatment of | Total weight of tubers/(kg/20 plants) | Average weight of single potato (kg) |
| Comparative example 1 | 39.4 | 1.97 |
| Comparative example 2 | 39.6 | 1.99 |
| Example 1 | 40.1 | 2.01 |
| Example 2 | 39.7 | 1.99 |
| Example 3 | 41.3 | 2.07 |
| Example 4 | 39.9 | 2.01 |
| Example 5 | 39.8 | 2.02 |
| Example 6 | 40.0 | 2.01 |
As can be seen from Table 1, the average weight of the potatoes reaches the maximum (2.07kg) under the treatment of example 3, and the average weight of the potatoes of examples 1 to 6 is increased by 1.02 to 5.1 percent compared with that of comparative example 1 (blank control). The average weight of the potatoes in each treatment is increased. The cultivation method of the invention can improve the yield of the fresh sweet potatoes.
TABLE 2 influence of exogenous selenium fertilizer on selenium content of sweet potato tuber, sweet potato leaf, and sweet potato rhizome
As can be seen from Table 2, compared with the comparative example 1 (blank control), the cultivation method of the invention can increase the selenium content in tubers, the selenium content is up to 0.0178-0.0233mg/kg, and the selenium content reaches the selenium-rich standard.
TABLE 3 influence of exogenous selenium fertilizer on anthocyanidin content and soluble sugar content in sweet potato
| Treatment of | Content of anthocyanidin (mg/100g) | Soluble sugar content (%) |
| Comparative example 1 | 7.750 | 4.545％ |
| Comparative example 2 | 7.756 | 4.559％ |
| Example 1 | 8.750 | 5.541％ |
| Example 2 | 8.333 | 6.178％ |
| Example 3 | 9.616 | 6.798％ |
| Example 4 | 8.334 | 5.550％ |
| Example 5 | 8.338 | 5.582％ |
| Example 6 | 8.336 | 5.558％ |
As can be seen from table 3, the increase in anthocyanin content was 7.52% to 24.08% and the increase in soluble sugar content was 21.91% to 49.57% in examples 1 to 6, compared to comparative example 1. Compared with comparative example 2, the anthocyanidin content of examples 1 to 6 is increased by 7.44% to 27.85%, and the soluble sugar content is increased by 21.53% to 49.11%. Therefore, the cultivation method (namely applying the exogenous selenium fertilizer in the root tuber expansion period, wherein the mass percent of selenium element in the exogenous selenium fertilizer is 0.20-0.35%, and the mass percent of free amino acid is 0.25-0.50%, the free amino acid comprises lysine, glycine, alanine, serine and methionine) can improve the anthocyanin unit content and the soluble sugar content in the tuber of the sweet potato.
In conclusion, the invention provides a cultivation method for improving the quality of the root tuber by optimizing the sweet potato cultivation technology. The cultivation method provided by the invention can be used for improving the yield and selenium content of edible sweet potatoes, remarkably improving the soluble sugar and anthocyanin content of the root tubers of the edible sweet potatoes and effectively improving the quality of the sweet potatoes.
The above description is intended to describe in detail the preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the claims of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made within the technical spirit of the present invention should fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A method for cultivating edible sweet potatoes with high quality and high yield comprises the steps of seedling breeding, transplanting, water and fertilizer management and pest control, and is characterized in that: applying the exogenous selenium fertilizer once in the root tuber expansion period, wherein the application amount is 1500-2The exogenous selenium fertilizer contains 0.20-0.35% of selenium element and 0.25% of free amino acid-0.50％；
The free amino acids are lysine, glycine, alanine, serine and methionine;
the exogenous selenium fertilizer is applied in a mode of foliage spraying, and water is added for diluting by 200 times and 500 times during spraying;
the exogenous selenium fertilizer is applied in the morning or evening without rainy days;
the exogenous selenium fertilizer is not used with other medicines when applied;
the basic physicochemical properties of the field soil are as follows: pH 6.34, organic matter 10.04g/kg, quick-acting phosphorus 2.29mg/kg, quick-acting potassium 253.15mg/kg, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen 80.4mg/kg, total selenium 0.43mg/kg, total cadmium 0.28 mg/kg;
the mass percent of selenium element in the exogenous selenium fertilizer is 0.26 percent, and the mass percent of free amino acid is 0.46 percent.
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| CN102850100A (en) * | 2011-06-30 | 2013-01-02 | 徐州正合新型农业科技有限公司 | Base fertilizer for purple sweet potato Jingshu No.6 |
| CN103650729A (en) * | 2013-11-30 | 2014-03-26 | 广西桂林天然食品有限公司 | Method for cultivating selenium-rich, zinc-rich, calcium-rich purple potatoes |
| CN106495885A (en) * | 2016-11-04 | 2017-03-15 | 熊义勤 | A kind of liquid fertilizer for improving Folium Camelliae sinensis delicate flavour |
| CN107347407B (en) * | 2017-07-25 | 2020-07-31 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Cultivation method of selenium-rich high-calcium purple sweet potatoes |
| CN107445771A (en) * | 2017-09-19 | 2017-12-08 | 紫云自治县文烁植保农民专业合作社 | A kind of red core sweet potato special fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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