CN109997640A - Selenium-rich sweet potato cultivation technology - Google Patents
Selenium-rich sweet potato cultivation technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN109997640A CN109997640A CN201910269533.2A CN201910269533A CN109997640A CN 109997640 A CN109997640 A CN 109997640A CN 201910269533 A CN201910269533 A CN 201910269533A CN 109997640 A CN109997640 A CN 109997640A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
Abstract
The present invention relates to agricultural plantation technology fields, more particularly to a kind of selenium-rich sweet potato cultivation technology, includes the following steps: the choosing soil site preparation of (1) potato seed, the processing of (2) potato seed and seeding, (3) seed and seedling disinfection, (4) seedling are educated again, (5) plant potato seedling growth, (6) field management, (7) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, (8) harvest.The selenium-rich sweet potato cultivation technology, it is specified that the home environment of selenium-rich sweet potato production, nursery, cultivation management, containing technologies and methods such as selenium fertilizer application, harvests, obtain environmentally protective, the standard compliant sweet potato of Se content, be suitble to promote within the border in Guangxi.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural plantation technology fields, and in particular to a kind of selenium-rich sweet potato cultivation technology.
Background technique
Sweet potato is the fourth-largest cereal crops of China, is also important the raw material of industry, feed, new energy and health care crop.
China is sweet potato cultivated area maximum and the highest country of fresh tuber yield in the world, about 4,600,000 hm of sweet potato cultivated area2, fresh sweet potato
1.0 hundred million tons of total output or so, account for the 75% of Gross World Product.The many provinces and regions in current China are using sweet potato as agricultural structure tune
Dominant crop in whole, sweet potato are gradually changed from traditional grain crop to profit evaluation model industrial crops.
Currently, there are also the plantations about selenium-rich sweet potato since the particularity of selenium-rich soil is contained in Guangxi, but due to
Soil Se content under natural environment is unstable, and the selenium content of obtained sweet potato cannot ensure, cannot play the effect of selenium-rich.
Selenium-rich sweet potato in order to obtain, conventional mode, which mainly applies in sweet potato planting process, contains selenium fertilizer, and numerous farmers exist
In planting process, all it is that the kind of random selection sweet potato is planted, does not account for different kinds and exist to the absorption of selenium
The problem of otherness, and it is also not scientific and normal enough in planting process, it is mainly reflected in the use to selenium fertilizer, applies at present
It is often inorganic selenium fertilizer, the selenium fertilizer of application is more, causes sweet potato Se content too high, and inorganic selenium residual is also more, and it is harmful instead to human body, and
Waste manure resources；The selenium fertilizer of application is very few, and the Se content of sweet potato is also relatively small, and the benefit of human body also can be neglected.
Certainly, influence sweet potato harvest there are also many factors, therefore, under overall situation, a kind of science to be suitable for Guangxi domestic
Selenium-rich sweet potato cultivation technology requires study.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to: in view of the above-mentioned problems, providing a kind of selenium-rich sweet potato cultivation technology.
To achieve the goals above, The technical solution adopted by the invention is as follows:
Selenium-rich sweet potato cultivation technology, includes the following steps:
(1) the choosing soil site preparation of potato seed: selection topography it is higher, the soil is porous, soil layer is deep, the sandy soil rich in organic matter or
Sandy loam does seedbed, and ridging specification is row spacing 70cm-90cm, the high 15cm-25cm in ridge, and holds kind of a planting ditch successfully, ditch depth 10cm-
15cm；
(2) processing and seeding of potato seed: the potato wedge of the smooth heavy 150g-200g without wound, no disease and pests harm of selection potato shape is made
For potato seed, 10min- is soaked with 400 times of liquid of 25% carbendazol wettable powder, 500 times of liquid or 50% thiophanate wettable powder
12min dries；When daily mean temperature stably reaches 15 DEG C or more, after after selection rain or being watered with water to seedbed, potato seed is carried out
Seeding, each potato seed spacing are 10cm-15cm, earthing 3cm-5cm after seeding；
(3) seed and seedling disinfection: seedling is obtained after potato seed growth, the tender strong sprout of no disease and pests harm is selected, with 50% carbendazim or 40%
1000 times of liquid of Isofenphos methyl soak seedling base portion 5min；
(4) seedling is educated again: selecting the vines of no disease and pests harm, the long 20cm-25cm of clip, the tender strong sprout in top for having 4-5 section
It is educated again, educates preceding ridging again again, educate the same above-mentioned steps of ridging method (1) again, then plant seedling, keep seedling spacing in the rows
19cm-21cm plants 4000-4500 plants per acre；Rear 15d-20d is planted, applies 45% compound fertilizer (N:P:K=15:15:15) per acre
7.5kg and potassium sulfate 2.5kg；
(5) plant potato seedling growth: site preparation ridging, ridging specification are row spacing 90cm-100cm, and ridge height is not less than 30cm, then selects
Tender Duan Miao or two section of seedling in strong top of no disease and pests harm is planted as potato seedling growth, before planting, according to the sterilization method of above-mentioned steps (3)
It carries out disinfection；Planting Densities are that 1 row is planted on every ridge, and spacing in the rows 19cm-21cm plants 3000-3500 plants of potato seedling growths per acre；Planting Patterns
For plug flat or oblique cutting, when planting, the joint number of burying of potato seedling growth is 3-4 section, exposes 2-3, native face section；
(6) field management:
1. conventional fertilizer application management: step (5) plant ridging before, apply farmyard manure or organic fertilizer 1000kg- per acre
2000kg；Rear 15d-20d is planted, i.e. 45% compound fertilizer (N:P:K=15:15:15) 25kg- is applied in Feng Hangqian ridging ditch spread per acre
30kg, urea 6kg-8kg and potassium sulfate 25kg-30kg, fertilizer is applied in the ditch away from potato seedling growth root 10cm-15cm, after use
Earthing 3cm-5 cm；Later growth (about 90d after planting), if blade falls Huang, per acre can with 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate with
75kg-100kg is watered after 0.5% urea mixing and carries out foliage spray, is sprayed 1-2 times, two minor tick 7d；If there is excessive growth,
It is spraying primary that cauline leaf is carried out by effective component 60g with 15% wettable powder of paclobutrazol per acre；
2. being applied containing selenium fertilizer: the 30d-40d after sweet potato growing, per acre with 0.88% chelating amino acids selenium liquid fertilizer 200ml
45kg-60kg is watered to be sprayed, every 10d spray 1 time, spray altogether 2 times, cloudy day or fine day 10 points of morning before or at 4 points in afternoon
It is uniformly sprayed on sweet potato leaves and stems afterwards, sprays and meet rainfall in rear 8h, need to spray again；
3. water management: after potato seedling growth is planted, fine day should water seedling-protection, be carried out continuously 2d-3d, until surviving；Branch knot potato
Phase fills shallow water, advantageous branch and knot potato when arid；Potato wedge expanding stage, meeting arid should spray water in time, keep ground moistening, every 10d
Spray 1 time, until damage caused by a drought releases；Late growth stage, 15d stopping is poured water before harvesting；Sweet potato entire breeding time should drain flooded fields drop in time
Stain, avoiding, which influences potato wedge, expands and causes the rotten potato in field；
(7) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；
(8) it harvests: being harvested after plantation 120d, the harvesting of selection fine day, the harvesting same day dry 1h-2h on the spot when harvest, remove
Fibrous root and the potato base of a fruit are classified when receiving, handle with care, prevent potato skin of damaging.
Further, in step (2), the kind of selected potato seed is osmanthus crape myrtle potato 1.
Further, in step (5), one section of potato seedling growth that the top Duan Miaowei Sweet potato stem top is saved to 6-7 down,
Two Duan Miaowei push up one section of potato seedling growth of Duan Miaoqi to 6-7 down section from winning.
Further, in step (5), time that potato seedling growth is planted are as follows: spring potato should be planted in late March, summer potato should May extremely
June plants, and autumn potato should be planted in mid-July to early August, and winter potato should be planted in early October.
Further, in step (7), in fact it could happen that pest and disease damage and corresponding control method are as follows:
Sweet potato bacterial wilt: stringent quarantine prevents that disease potato, sick seedling are incoming without lesion；It was found that Field diseased plant is removed and is sold in time
It ruins, it should be noted that sick potato is dug net, and applies 75kg-100kg quick lime per acre in potato field or plant ash is prevented and treated, it is conditional
Planting site can also take rice field-upland field rotation measure；
Dead arm, black spot: can be when nursery and crop field be planted, 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 700 of potato seedling growth
800-1000 times of liquid of times liquid or 50% carbendazim soaks seedling 3min-5min, or at the initial stage of a disease with 50% thiophanate methyl wettable
500-600 times of pulvis is prevented and treated by spraying；
Sweet potato shot hole: early stage can use 50% carbendazol wettable powder, 600 times of liquid or 50% benomyl wettable
1500 times of liquid of pulvis spray the medical fluid 35kg-50kg converted per acre, spray 1 time every 10d, even spray 2-3 times；
Sweet potato ant is as 20d-30d after sweet potato growing, per acre with 10% chlopyrifos granule 2kg-4kg or 3% phoxim
2 kg of granula prevention and treatment, or prevented and treated with gyplure trapping male worm；
Grub: being sprayed on 35kg fine earth after adding suitable quantity of water dissolution completely with 90% trichlorphon 500g per acre and mix thoroughly,
It is applied in kind of planting ditch when potato seedling growth is planted.
In conclusion by adopting the above-described technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
Selenium-rich sweet potato cultivation technology of the invention, it is specified that the home environment of selenium-rich sweet potato production, sweet potato variety, nursery,
Cultivation management, common fertilizer application, the selection containing schemes such as selenium fertilizer applications, mainly aim to obtain environmentally protective, selenium and contain
Amount meets the sweet potato of Guangxi local standard, the common fertilizer when potato seedling growth being directed to is planted and selection and use containing selenium fertilizer
Amount is all that the test by science comprehensively considers in conjunction with the economic benefit of local environment conditions and acquirement and obtained, to Guangxi
The cultivation of domestic selenium-rich sweet potato has very strong directive significance.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is influence of the different fertilization to sweet potato overground part and underground part character.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1:
Selenium-rich sweet potato cultivation technology, includes the following steps:
(1) the choosing soil site preparation of potato seed: selection topography it is higher, the soil is porous, soil layer is deep, the sandy soil rich in organic matter or
Sandy loam does seedbed, and ridging specification is row spacing 70cm, the high 15cm in ridge, and holds kind of a planting ditch successfully, ditch depth 10cm；
(2) processing and seeding of potato seed: the potato wedge for the heavy 150g for selecting potato shape smooth, without wound, no disease and pests harm is as kind
Potato soaks 10min with 25% carbendazol wettable powder, 500 times of liquid, dries；When daily mean temperature stably reaches 15 DEG C or more,
After after selection rain or being watered with water to seedbed, potato seed is subjected to seeding, each potato seed spacing is 10cm, earthing 3cm after seeding；
(3) seed and seedling disinfection: seedling is obtained after potato seed growth, the tender strong sprout of no disease and pests harm is selected, with 1000 times of 50% carbendazim
Liquid soaks seedling base portion 5min；
(4) seedling is educated again: selecting the vines of no disease and pests harm, the long 20cm of clip, has the tender strong sprout in top of 4 sections to be answered
It educates, educates preceding ridging again again, educate the same above-mentioned steps of ridging method (1) again, then plant seedling, keep seedling spacing in the rows 19cm,
4000 plants are planted per acre；Rear 15d is planted, applies 45% compound fertilizer (N:P:K=15:15:15) 7.5kg and potassium sulfate 2.5kg per acre；
(5) plant potato seedling growth: site preparation ridging, ridging specification are row spacing 90cm, and ridge height is not less than 30cm, then selects no disease pest
Harmful tender strong top Duan Miao is planted as potato seedling growth, before planting, is carried out disinfection according to the sterilization method of above-mentioned steps (3)；It plants
Density is that 1 row is planted on every ridge, and spacing in the rows 19cm plants 3000 plants of potato seedling growths per acre；Planting Patterns are plug flat, and when planting, potato seedling growth enters
Native joint number is 3 sections, exposes 2, native face section；
(6) field management:
1. conventional fertilizer application management: step (5) plant ridging before, apply farmyard manure or organic fertilizer 1000kg per acre；It plants
15d afterwards, i.e. Feng Hangqian ridging ditch spread, apply 45% compound fertilizer (N:P:K=15:15:15) 25kg, urea 6kg and potassium sulfate per acre
25kg, fertilizer are applied in the ditch away from potato seedling growth root 10cm, and rear earthing 3cm is used；Later growth (about 90d after planting), such as leaf
Slabbing is yellow, is watered 75kg after being mixed per acre with 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate with 0.5% urea and carries out foliage spray, sprays 1
It is secondary；If there is excessive growth, it is spraying primary that cauline leaf is carried out by effective component 60g with 15% wettable powder of paclobutrazol per acre；
2. applying containing selenium fertilizer: the 30d after sweet potato growing is watered with 0.88% chelating amino acids selenium liquid fertilizer 200ml per acre
45kg is sprayed, and is sprayed 1 time, is sprayed altogether 2 times every 10d, is uniformly sprayed before cloudy day or 10 points of the morning of fine day or after at 4 points in afternoon
On sweet potato leaves and stems, sprays and meet rainfall in rear 8h, need to spray again；
3. water management: after potato seedling growth is planted, fine day should water seedling-protection, be carried out continuously 2d, until surviving；The branch knot potato phase,
Shallow water, advantageous branch and knot potato are filled when arid；Potato wedge expanding stage, meeting arid should spray water in time, keep ground moistening, every 10d spray
1 time, until damage caused by a drought releases；Late growth stage, 15d stopping is poured water before harvesting；Sweet potato entire breeding time should drain flooded fields in time drops stain,
Avoiding, which influences potato wedge, expands and causes the rotten potato in field；
(7) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；
(8) it harvests: being harvested after plantation 120d, the harvesting of selection fine day, the harvesting same day dry 1h on the spot when harvest, remove fibrous root
With the potato base of a fruit, it is classified when receiving, handles with care, prevent potato skin of damaging.
In this embodiment, it is preferred that the kind of selected potato seed is osmanthus crape myrtle potato 1 in step (2)；In step (5),
One section of potato seedling growth that the described top Duan Miaowei Sweet potato stem top is saved to 6 down, two Duan Miaowei are from winning top Duan Miaoqi
The one section of potato seedling growth saved to 6 down；In step (5), time that potato seedling growth is planted are as follows: spring potato should be planted in late March, and summer potato should be
May to June plants, and autumn potato should be planted in mid-July to early August, and winter potato should be planted in early October；It, can in step (7)
The pest and disease damage and corresponding control method that can occur are as follows:
Sweet potato bacterial wilt: stringent quarantine prevents that disease potato, sick seedling are incoming without lesion；It was found that Field diseased plant is removed and is sold in time
It ruins, it should be noted that sick potato is dug net, and apply 75kg quick lime per acre in potato field or plant ash is prevented and treated, conditional planting site
Rice field-upland field rotation measure can also be taken；
Dead arm, black spot: can be when nursery and crop field be planted, 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 700 of potato seedling growth
Times liquid soaks seedling 3min, or is prevented and treated by spraying with 500 times of 50% thiophanate methyl wettable powder at the initial stage of a disease；
Sweet potato shot hole: early stage can use 50% carbendazol wettable powder, 600 times of liquid, spray the medical fluid converted per acre
35kg sprays 1 time every 10d, even spray 2 times；
Sweet potato ant is prevented and treated with 10% chlopyrifos granule 2kg per acre as 20d after sweet potato growing, or is traped with gyplure male
Worm prevention and treatment；
Grub: being sprayed on 35kg fine earth after adding suitable quantity of water dissolution completely with 90% trichlorphon 500g per acre and mix thoroughly,
It is applied in kind of planting ditch when potato seedling growth is planted.
Embodiment 2:
Selenium-rich sweet potato cultivation technology, includes the following steps:
(1) the choosing soil site preparation of potato seed: selection topography it is higher, the soil is porous, soil layer is deep, the sandy soil rich in organic matter or
Sandy loam does seedbed, and ridging specification is row spacing 80cm, the high 20cm in ridge, and holds kind of a planting ditch successfully, ditch depth 12.5cm；
(2) processing and seeding of potato seed: the potato wedge for the heavy 175g for selecting potato shape smooth, without wound, no disease and pests harm is as kind
Potato soaks 11min with 50% thiophanate wettable powder, 400 times of liquid, dries；When daily mean temperature stably reaches 15 DEG C or more,
After after selection rain or being watered with water to seedbed, potato seed is subjected to seeding, each potato seed spacing is 12.5cm, earthing 4cm after seeding；
(3) seed and seedling disinfection: seedling is obtained after potato seed growth, the tender strong sprout of no disease and pests harm is selected, with 40% Isofenphos methyl
1000 times of liquid soak seedling base portion 5min；
(4) seedling is educated again: selecting the vines of no disease and pests harm, the long 22.5cm of clip, has the tender strong sprout in top of 5 sections to be answered
It educates, educates preceding ridging again again, educate the same above-mentioned steps of ridging method (1) again, then plant seedling, keep seedling spacing in the rows 20cm,
4250 plants are planted per acre；Rear 17d is planted, applies 45% compound fertilizer (N:P:K=15:15:15) 7.5kg and potassium sulfate 2.5kg per acre；
(5) plant potato seedling growth: site preparation ridging, ridging specification are row spacing 95cm, and ridge height is not less than 30cm, then selects no disease pest
Harmful tender strong two sections of seedlings are planted as potato seedling growth, before planting, are carried out disinfection according to the sterilization method of above-mentioned steps (3)；It plants
Density is that 1 row is planted on every ridge, and spacing in the rows 20cm plants 3250 plants of potato seedling growths per acre；Planting Patterns are oblique cutting, and when planting, potato seedling growth enters
Native joint number is 4 sections, exposes 3, native face section；
(6) field management:
1. conventional fertilizer application management: step (5) plant ridging before, apply farmyard manure or organic fertilizer 1500kg per acre；It plants
17d afterwards, i.e. Feng Hangqian ridging ditch spread, apply 45% compound fertilizer (N:P:K=15:15:15) 27.5kg, urea 7kg and sulfuric acid per acre
Potassium 27.5kg, fertilizer are applied in the ditch away from potato seedling growth root 12.5cm, and rear earthing 4cm is used；Later growth is (after planting about
90d), as blade falls Huang, 87.5kg is watered after being mixed per acre with 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate with 0.5% urea and carries out leaf
Face top dressing sprays 2 times, two minor tick 7d；If there is excessive growth, effective component 60g is pressed with 15% wettable powder of paclobutrazol per acre
It is spraying primary to carry out cauline leaf；
2. applying containing selenium fertilizer: the 35d after sweet potato growing is watered with 0.88% chelating amino acids selenium liquid fertilizer 200ml per acre
52.5kg is sprayed, and is sprayed 1 time, is sprayed altogether 2 times every 10d, before cloudy day or 10 points of the morning of fine day or after at 4 points in afternoon uniformly
It is sprayed on sweet potato leaves and stems, sprays and meet rainfall in rear 8h, need to spray again；
3. water management: after potato seedling growth is planted, fine day should water seedling-protection, be carried out continuously 3d, until surviving；The branch knot potato phase,
Shallow water, advantageous branch and knot potato are filled when arid；Potato wedge expanding stage, meeting arid should spray water in time, keep ground moistening, every 10d spray
1 time, until damage caused by a drought releases；Late growth stage, 15d stopping is poured water before harvesting；Sweet potato entire breeding time should drain flooded fields in time drops stain,
Avoiding, which influences potato wedge, expands and causes the rotten potato in field；
(7) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；
(8) it harvests: being harvested after plantation 120d, the harvesting of selection fine day, the harvesting same day dry 1.5h on the spot when harvest, remove palpus
Root and the potato base of a fruit are classified when receiving, handle with care, prevent potato skin of damaging.
In this embodiment, it is preferred that the kind of selected potato seed is osmanthus crape myrtle potato 1 in step (2)；In step (5),
One section of potato seedling growth that the described top Duan Miaowei Sweet potato stem top is saved to 7 down, two Duan Miaowei are from winning top Duan Miaoqi
The one section of potato seedling growth saved to 7 down；In step (5), time that potato seedling growth is planted are as follows: spring potato should be planted in late March, and summer potato should be
May to June plants, and autumn potato should be planted in mid-July to early August, and winter potato should be planted in early October；It, can in step (7)
The pest and disease damage and corresponding control method that can occur are as follows:
Sweet potato bacterial wilt: stringent quarantine prevents that disease potato, sick seedling are incoming without lesion；It was found that Field diseased plant is removed and is sold in time
It ruins, it should be noted that sick potato is dug net, and apply 87.5kg quick lime per acre in potato field or plant ash is prevented and treated, conditional plantation
Ground can also take rice field-upland field rotation measure；
Dead arm, black spot: can be when nursery and crop field to be planted, potato seedling growth soaks seedling 4min with 50% carbendazim, 900 times of liquid, or
At the initial stage of a disease with 550 times of 50% thiophanate methyl wettable powder spraying prevention and treatments；
Sweet potato shot hole: early stage can use 50% benomyl wettable powder, 1500 times of liquid, spray the medical fluid converted per acre
42.5kg sprays 1 time every 10d, even spray 3 times；
Sweet potato ant is prevented and treated with 3% phoxim granule 2kg per acre as 25d after sweet potato growing, or is traped with gyplure male
Worm prevention and treatment；
Grub: being sprayed on 35kg fine earth after adding suitable quantity of water dissolution completely with 90% trichlorphon 500g per acre and mix thoroughly,
It is applied in kind of planting ditch when potato seedling growth is planted.
Embodiment 3:
Selenium-rich sweet potato cultivation technology, includes the following steps:
(1) the choosing soil site preparation of potato seed: selection topography it is higher, the soil is porous, soil layer is deep, the sandy soil rich in organic matter or
Sandy loam does seedbed, and ridging specification is row spacing 90cm, the high 25cm in ridge, and holds kind of a planting ditch successfully, ditch depth 15cm；
(2) processing and seeding of potato seed: the potato wedge for the heavy 200g for selecting potato shape smooth, without wound, no disease and pests harm is as kind
Potato soaks 12min with 400 times of liquid of 25% carbendazol wettable powder, 500 times of liquid or 50% thiophanate wettable powder, dries；Choosing
It selects after rain or after being watered with water to seedbed, potato seed is subjected to seeding, each potato seed spacing is 15cm, earthing 5cm after seeding；
(3) seed and seedling disinfection: seedling is obtained after potato seed growth, the tender strong sprout of no disease and pests harm is selected, with 50% carbendazim or 40%
1000 times of liquid of Isofenphos methyl soak seedling base portion 5min；
(4) seedling is educated again: selecting the vines of no disease and pests harm, the long 25cm of clip, has the tender strong sprout in top of 5 sections to be answered
It educates, educates preceding ridging again again, educate the same above-mentioned steps of ridging method (1) again, then plant seedling, keep seedling spacing in the rows 21cm,
4500 plants are planted per acre；Rear 20d is planted, applies 45% compound fertilizer (N:P:K=15:15:15) 7.5kg and potassium sulfate 2.5kg per acre；
(5) plant potato seedling growth: site preparation ridging, ridging specification are row spacing 100cm, and ridge height is not less than 30cm, then selects disease-free
Tender Duan Miao or two section of seedling in strong top of insect pest is planted as potato seedling growth, before planting, is carried out according to the sterilization method of above-mentioned steps (3)
Disinfection；Planting Densities are that 1 row is planted on every ridge, and spacing in the rows 21cm plants 3500 plants of potato seedling growths per acre；Planting Patterns be plug flat or oblique cutting,
When planting, the joint number of burying of potato seedling growth is 4 sections, exposes 3, native face section；
(6) field management:
1. conventional fertilizer application management: step (5) plant ridging before, apply farmyard manure or organic fertilizer 2000kg per acre；It plants
20d afterwards, i.e. Feng Hangqian ridging ditch spread, apply 45% compound fertilizer (N:P:K=15:15:15) 30kg, urea 8kg and potassium sulfate per acre
30kg, fertilizer are applied in the ditch away from potato seedling growth root 15cm, and rear earthing 5cm is used；Later growth (about 90d after planting), such as leaf
Slabbing is yellow, is watered 100kg after being mixed per acre with 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate with 0.5% urea and carries out foliage spray, sprays
2 times, two minor tick 7d；If there is excessive growth, it is spraying that cauline leaf is carried out by effective component 60g with 15% wettable powder of paclobutrazol per acre
Once；
2. applying containing selenium fertilizer: the 40d after sweet potato growing is watered with 0.88% chelating amino acids selenium liquid fertilizer 200ml per acre
60kg is sprayed, and is sprayed 1 time, is sprayed altogether 2 times every 10d, is uniformly sprayed before cloudy day or 10 points of the morning of fine day or after at 4 points in afternoon
On sweet potato leaves and stems, sprays and meet rainfall in rear 8h, need to spray again；
3. water management: after potato seedling growth is planted, fine day should water seedling-protection, be carried out continuously 3d, until surviving；The branch knot potato phase,
Shallow water, advantageous branch and knot potato are filled when arid；Potato wedge expanding stage, meeting arid should spray water in time, keep ground moistening, every 10d spray
1 time, until damage caused by a drought releases；Late growth stage, 15d stopping is poured water before harvesting；Sweet potato entire breeding time should drain flooded fields in time drops stain,
Avoiding, which influences potato wedge, expands and causes the rotten potato in field；
(7) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；
(8) it harvests: being harvested after plantation 120d, the harvesting of selection fine day, the harvesting same day dry 2h on the spot when harvest, remove fibrous root
With the potato base of a fruit, it is classified when receiving, handles with care, prevent potato skin of damaging.
In this embodiment, it is preferred that the kind of selected potato seed is osmanthus crape myrtle potato 1 in step (2)；In step (5),
One section of potato seedling growth that the described top Duan Miaowei Sweet potato stem top is saved to 7 down, two Duan Miaowei are from winning top Duan Miaoqi
The one section of potato seedling growth saved to 7 down；In step (5), time that potato seedling growth is planted are as follows: spring potato should be planted in late March, and summer potato should be
May to June plants, and autumn potato should be planted in mid-July to early August, and winter potato should be planted in early October；It, can in step (7)
The pest and disease damage and corresponding control method that can occur are as follows:
Sweet potato bacterial wilt: stringent quarantine prevents that disease potato, sick seedling are incoming without lesion；It was found that Field diseased plant is removed and is sold in time
It ruins, it should be noted that sick potato is dug net, and apply 100kg quick lime per acre in potato field or plant ash is prevented and treated, conditional plantation
Ground can also take rice field-upland field rotation measure；
Dead arm, black spot: can be when nursery and crop field be planted, 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 700 of potato seedling growth
1000 times of liquid of times liquid or 50% carbendazim soak seedling 5min, or at the initial stage of a disease with 600 times of 50% thiophanate methyl wettable powder
Spraying prevention and treatment；
Sweet potato shot hole: early stage can use 50% carbendazol wettable powder, 600 times of liquid or 50% benomyl wettable
1500 times of liquid of pulvis spray the medical fluid 50kg converted per acre, spray 1 time every 10d, even spray 2-3 times；
Sweet potato ant is as 30d after sweet potato growing, per acre with 10% chlopyrifos granule 4kg or 3% phoxim granule 2kg
Prevention and treatment, or prevented and treated with gyplure trapping male worm；
Grub: being sprayed on 35kg fine earth after adding suitable quantity of water dissolution completely with 90% trichlorphon 500g per acre and mix thoroughly,
It is applied in kind of planting ditch when potato seedling growth is planted.
The harvest of 1-3 of the embodiment of the present invention is as follows:
It is determination and foundation of the applicant Guangxi Autonomous Region Academy of Agricultural Sciences for each main indicator of the present invention below
Illustrate:
(1) carry out the correlation research of soil Se content and sweet potato Se content
Investigation method: to the honest and kindhearted village in the honest and kindhearted town of Yulin, the Wuming base Li Jian, the headquarters or seat of leading organs of an institute like the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences proving ground and
The bright tegmen in the Nanning City town Wu Xu pedotheque and Sweet Potato Samples carry out Se content detection with acquiring sweet potato.
Test result:
The relationship of table 1 soil Se content and sweet potato Se content
As shown in Table 1, in the sweet potato that Selenium in Soil content range is 0.25mg/kg -0.99mg/kg, Sweet Potato Samples are acquired
Selenium Contents are carried out, from the data obtained it is found that sweet potato Se content height with sweet potato soil Se content exists centainly
Linear relationship.Therefore, selenium-rich sweet potato is paid the utmost attention to cultivate on selenium-rich soil.
(2) selection of selenium-rich sweet potato variety
Test method: in the sweet potato ground that soil Se content is 0.380mg/kg, cassia lignea flour 2, osmanthus potato 6, Gui Zi are selected
Common vetch potato 1, Soviet Union's potato 16, good fortune potato 404, good fortune potato 604, wide potato 87, quotient's potato 19, peaceful purple sweet potato 1, imperial potato 31 totally 10 sweet potatoes
Kind, using cell control methods, RANDOMIZED BLOCK DESIGN, 3 repetitions, 4 row areas, capable long 4.5m, row spacing 1.0m, plot area
18m2, spacing in the rows 24-26cm, 40000 plants/hm of planting density2.It is planted according to sweet potato conventional cultivation management, in the detection maturity period
Sweet potato Se content.
Test result:
2 different cultivars sweet potato Se content (mg/kg) of table
| Variety name | Sweet potato Se content |
| Cassia lignea flour 2 | 0.0130 |
| Osmanthus potato 6 | 0.0100 |
| Osmanthus crape myrtle potato 1 | 0.0137 |
| Soviet Union potato 16 | 0.0064 |
| Good fortune potato 404 | 0.0031 |
| Good fortune potato 604 | 0.0070 |
| Wide potato 87 | 0.0041 |
| Quotient's potato 19 | 0.0034 |
| Peaceful purple sweet potato 1 | 0.0086 |
| Imperial potato 31 | 0.0102 |
As known from Table 2, sweet potato Se content range is 0.0031mg/kg -0.0137mg/kg, is shown: (1) different sweet potato product
The natural selenium rich ability of kind has differences, and can improve sweet potato Se content by screening the sweet potato variety strong to selenium absorbability；
(2) for sweet potato in grown on soil containing selenium, potato Se content index in DB45/T1061-2014 is not achieved in Se content, need to pass through
The artificial selenium fertilizer that applies is to realize sweet potato selenium-rich.In 10 sweet potato varieties of this test, No. 1 selenium rich ability of Gui Ziwei potato is most strong, is suitble to
As selenium-rich sweet potato cultivation.
(3) selection of the conventional fertilization method of selenium-rich sweet potato cultivation and application selenium fertilizer method:
3.1 conventional fertilizer applications:
Experimental design: sweet potato variety: Gui Ziwei potato 1；Test uses " 3414 " experimental design.Test sets nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium 3
A factor, 4 levels of each factor, totally 14 processing.The random district's groups arrangement in experimental plot, 3 repetitions, plot area 20m2,
Planting Densities are 50025 plants/hm2, experimental design and dose are shown in Table 3.It is respectively as follows: common urea (containing N for examination fertilizer
46.4%), calcium magnesium phosphate (contains P2O518%), potassium chloride (contains K2O 60%), all fertilizer ridge 12d side after planting is ditched
One-time use, field management routinely carry out.Rice is used as before test, soil is sandy loam 0-20cm soil organic matter content
22.30g/kg, full nitrogen 1.13g/kg, full phosphorus 1.22g/kg, full potassium 1.85g/kg, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 66.69mg/kg, available phosphorus content
184.50mg/kg, quick-acting potassium content 87mg/kg, pH 5.11.
Table 3 " 3414 " experimental design and fertilizer applications
Test result: as shown in Figure 1, different N P and Ks are big-and-middle with the climing length of sweet potato longest, single plant knot potato number and single plant is compared
Potato fresh weight is affected, and influences on branch amount, dry rate and starch rate smaller.
Fresh tuber yield, rate of growth and ranking under 4 different disposal of table
Under the conditions of testing soil fertility, the optimum fertilizing amount of recommendation: for N 101.21kg/hm2、P(P2O5)67.22kg/hm2、
K(K2O)213.09kg/hm2, 35104kg/hm can be obtained2Fresh tuber yield.Thus, the conventional fertilizer application mode that the present invention uses are as follows:
45% compound fertilizer (N:P:K=15:15:15) 25kg-30kg, urea 6kg-8kg and potassium sulfate 25kg-30kg are applied per acre.
The application of 3.2 selenium fertilizer:
By carrying out the test of sweet potato selenium-rich, is applied, sprayed using soil, several methods of application are applied+sprayed to soil, 0.88% ammonia of application
Base acid chelates selenium liquid fertilizer, and the difference of sweet potato Se content before and after selenium is applied in comparison, explores selenium-rich sweet potato cultivation technology.
5 test process of table and apply selenium mode
Note: it is 10d that selenium time interval is applied in 3,4,5,6 front and back of group.
6 difference of table applies influence of the selenium processing to sweet potato Se content
7 difference of table applies influence of the selenium processing to fresh tuber yield
Pass through field trial, the results showed that, after applying selenium processing, compared with selenium processing is not applied, sweet potato Se content amplification is
39.13%-192.75% illustrates that these types applies selenium mode and can effectively improve sweet potato Se content.It is " rich referring to Guangxi local standard
Selenium agricultural product Se content classificating requirement " (DB45/T1061-2014), potato Se content 0.02-0.20mg/kg applies sweet potato after selenium
Selenium-rich rate is up to 83.3%.Sweet potato plant is applied by soil, is sprayed, soil apply+Spraying Se-fertilizer processing after, tuber yield relatively control
Volume increase, yield amplification are 0.15-27.68%.
Apply selenium fertilizer cost to save, while reaching preferable sweet potato selenium-rich effect, comprehensively consider under, what the present invention used
Selenium fertilizer method of administration is as follows: the 30d-40d after sweet potato growing, is watered per acre with 0.88% chelating amino acids selenium liquid fertilizer 200ml
45kg-60kg is sprayed, and is sprayed 1 time, is sprayed altogether 2 times every 10d.
Above description is the detailed description for the present invention preferably possible embodiments, but embodiment is not limited to this hair
Bright patent claim, it is all the present invention suggested by technical spirit under completed same changes or modifications change, should all belong to
In the covered the scope of the patents of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. selenium-rich sweet potato cultivation technology, which comprises the steps of:
(1) the choosing soil site preparation of potato seed: selection topography is higher, the soil is porous, soil layer is deep, the sandy soil rich in organic matter or husky earth
Soil does seedbed, and ridging specification is row spacing 70cm-90cm, the high 15cm-25cm in ridge, and holds kind of a planting ditch successfully, ditch depth 10cm-15cm；
(2) processing and seeding of potato seed: the potato wedge for the heavy 150g-200g for selecting potato shape smooth, without wound, no disease and pests harm is as kind
Potato soaks 10min-12min with 400 times of liquid of 25% carbendazol wettable powder, 500 times of liquid or 50% thiophanate wettable powder, dries in the air
It is dry；When daily mean temperature stably reaches 15 DEG C or more, after after selection rain or being watered with water to seedbed, potato seed is subjected to seeding, often
A potato seed spacing is 10cm-15cm, earthing 3cm-5cm after seeding；
(3) seed and seedling disinfection: obtaining seedling after potato seed growth, select the tender strong sprout of no disease and pests harm, different with 50% carbendazim or 40% methyl
1000 times of liquid of willow phosphorus soak seedling base portion 5min；
(4) seedling is educated again: selecting the vines of no disease and pests harm, the long 20cm-25cm of clip, has the tender strong sprout in the top of 4-5 section to carry out
It educates again, educates preceding ridging again again, educate the same above-mentioned steps of ridging method (1) again, then plant seedling, keep seedling spacing in the rows
19cm-21cm plants 4000-4500 plants per acre；Rear 15d-20d is planted, applies 45% compound fertilizer (N:P:K=15:15:15) per acre
7.5kg and potassium sulfate 2.5kg；
(5) plant potato seedling growth: site preparation ridging, ridging specification are row spacing 90cm-100cm, and ridge height is not less than 30cm, then selects disease-free
Tender Duan Miao or two section of seedling in strong top of insect pest is planted as potato seedling growth, before planting, is carried out according to the sterilization method of above-mentioned steps (3)
Disinfection；Planting Densities are that 1 row is planted on every ridge, and spacing in the rows 19cm-21cm plants 3000-3500 plants of potato seedling growths per acre；Planting Patterns are flat
Slotting or oblique cutting, when planting, the joint number of burying of potato seedling growth is 3-4 section, exposes 2-3, native face section；
(6) field management:
1. conventional fertilizer application management: step (5) plant ridging before, apply farmyard manure or organic fertilizer 1000kg-2000kg per acre；It plants
15d-20d after inserting, i.e. Feng Hangqian ridging ditch spread, apply 45% compound fertilizer (N:P:K=15:15:15) 25kg-30kg, urea per acre
6kg-8kg and potassium sulfate 25kg-30kg, fertilizer are applied in the ditch away from potato seedling growth root 10cm-15cm, and rear earthing 3cm-5 is used
cm；Later growth (about 90d after planting) can be mixed with 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate with 0.5% urea per acre if blade falls Huang
After be watered 75kg-100kg carry out foliage spray, spray 1-2 times, two minor tick 7d；If there is excessive growth, paclobutrazol 15% is used per acre
Wettable powder is spraying primary by effective component 60g progress cauline leaf；
2. applying containing selenium fertilizer: the 30d-40d after sweet potato growing is watered with 0.88% chelating amino acids selenium liquid fertilizer 200ml per acre
45kg-60kg is sprayed, and is sprayed 1 time, is sprayed altogether 2 times every 10d, before cloudy day or 10 points of the morning of fine day or after at 4 points in afternoon
It is even to be sprayed on sweet potato leaves and stems, rainfall is met after spraying in 8 h, need to be sprayed again；
3. water management: after potato seedling growth is planted, fine day should water seedling-protection, be carried out continuously 2d-3d, until surviving；The branch knot potato phase does
Shallow water, advantageous branch and knot potato are filled when non-irrigated；Potato wedge expanding stage, meeting arid should spray water in time, keep ground moistening, every 10d spray 1
It is secondary, until damage caused by a drought releases；Late growth stage, 15d stopping is poured water before harvesting；Sweet potato entire breeding time should drain flooded fields in time drops stain,
Avoiding, which influences potato wedge, expands and causes the rotten potato in field；
(7) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；
(8) it harvests: being harvested after 120 d of plantation, the harvesting of selection fine day, the harvesting same day dry 1h-2h on the spot when harvest, remove fibrous root
With the potato base of a fruit, it is classified when receiving, handles with care, prevent potato skin of damaging.
2. selenium-rich sweet potato cultivation technology according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (2), the kind of selected potato seed
It is osmanthus crape myrtle potato 1.
3. selenium-rich sweet potato cultivation technology according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (5), the top Duan Miaowei
One section of potato seedling growth that Sweet potato stem top is saved to 6-7 down, two Duan Miaowei are saved from Duan Miaoqi to 6-7 down, top is won
One section of potato seedling growth.
4. selenium-rich sweet potato cultivation technology according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (5), time that potato seedling growth is planted
Are as follows: spring potato should be planted in late March, and summer potato should plant in May to June, and autumn potato should be planted in mid-July to early August, winter potato
It should be planted in early October.
5. selenium-rich sweet potato cultivation technology according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (7), in fact it could happen that disease pest
Harmful and corresponding control method are as follows:
Sweet potato bacterial wilt: stringent quarantine prevents that disease potato, sick seedling are incoming without lesion；It was found that Field diseased plant is removed and destroyed in time,
Pay attention to a sick potato to dig net, and applies 75kg-100kg quick lime per acre in potato field or plant ash is prevented and treated, conditional plantation
Ground can also take rice field-upland field rotation measure；
Dead arm, black spot: can when nursery and crop field are planted, potato seedling growth 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder, 700 times of liquid or
50% 800-1000 times of carbendazim liquid soaks seedling 3min-5min, or at the initial stage of a disease with 50% thiophanate methyl wettable powder 500-
600 times of spraying prevention and treatments；
Sweet potato shot hole: early stage can use 50% carbendazol wettable powder, 600 times of liquid or 50% benomyl wettable powder
1500 times of liquid spray the medical fluid 35kg-50kg converted per acre, spray 1 time every 10d, even spray 2-3 times；
Sweet potato ant is as 20d-30d after sweet potato growing, per acre with 10% chlopyrifos granule 2kg-4kg or 3% phoxim granule
2kg prevention and treatment, or prevented and treated with gyplure trapping male worm；
Grub: being sprayed on 35kg fine earth after adding suitable quantity of water dissolution completely with 90% trichlorphon 500g per acre and mix thoroughly, plants in potato seedling growth
It is applied in kind of planting ditch when inserting.
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