LU501082B1

LU501082B1 - Strip Planting Method of Corn and Millet in Dry Land Mulched with Plastic Film by Furrow Planting and Bed Planting with Agricultural Machinery and Agriculture

Info

Publication number: LU501082B1
Application number: LU501082A
Authority: LU
Inventors: Junhong Xie
Original assignee: Univ Gansu Agricultural
Priority date: 2021-12-23
Filing date: 2021-12-23
Publication date: 2022-08-18

Abstract

A strip planting method of corn and millet in dry land mulched with plastic film by furrow planting and bed planting with agricultural machinery and agriculture is disclosed in the invention. The invention uses the plan mode of plastic film furrow ridge corn and millet strip, utilizes the differences of biological demands and ecological niche of the two crops on water, and couples the effects of high-efficiency utilization of water in dry farming plastic film furrow ridge corn and intercropping to increase yield and efficiency, thereby realizing the functions of sustainable utilization of limited precipitation, reduction of consuming plastic film, high-quality crop production and the like, furthermore changing the problem that the traditional single planting of full film double ridge furrow corn decreases farmers' income due to high input and high output, and obviously increasing the yield of corn and millet.

Description

DESCRIPTION HUS01082 Strip Planting Method of Corn and Millet in Dry Land Mulched with Plastic Film by Furrow Planting and Bed Planting with Agricultural Machinery and Agriculture

TECHNICAL FIELD The invention relates to the technical field of crop planting, in particular to a strip planting method of corn and millet in dry land mulched with plastic film by furrow planting and bed planting with agricultural machinery and agriculture.

BACKGROUND The Loess Plateau is located in the semi-arid area and characterized by fragile ecological environment, frequent drought and low soil fertility, thus leading to the low and unstable crop yield.

As an effective technology of soil moisture conservation, plastic film mulching has played an important role in increasing corn yield in northwest rain fed and dry farming areas. Due to the abundant light and heat resources in northwest, drought is the main factor limiting crop growth. In recent years, with the global warming, the temperature has further increased, and may fully meet the local corn production. However, in the production of corn covered with plastic film, due to the further warming effect of plastic film, the soil temperature under plastic film is too high, which leads to that soil accumulated temperature in the process of corn growth increases and corn growth period is shortened by 5-8 days than that of corn grown in bare land; at the same time, the increasing soil temperature accelerates the decomposition of soil nutrients, resulting in insufficient nutrition supply in the late growth stage of corn, premature senescence of corn roots and crowns and reduced dry matter accumulation after anthesis, furthermore leading to the decrease of corn grain weight and yield.

Since millet is drought-resistant and barren-tolerant, the Loess Plateau originally has the natural resource advantage in producing high-quality millet; however, due to the severe drought and the low-yield performance of traditional millet planting, millet can't be planted in a large area in Loess Plateau.

Researches show that intercropping corn and millet may achieve the objective of 507082 mutual yield increase through utilizing difference of biological demands and ecological niche between corn and millet on water. However, the problem of poor yield increase effect still exists in the intercropping of corn and millet in the prior art.

SUMMARY The objective of the present invention is to provide a strip planting method of corn and millet in dry land mulched with plastic film by furrow planting and bed planting with agricultural machinery and agriculture, which may alleviate the large consumption of plastic film, chemical fertilizer and water in regional agricultural production, create a new type of diversified and efficient agricultural production mode, and have obvious effects of increasing production and efficiency for both corn and millet.

In order to achieve the above objective, the present invention is implemented according to the following technical scheme: A strip planting method of corn and millet in dry land mulched with plastic film by furrow planting and bed planting with agricultural machinery and agriculture comprises the following steps: S1, after the soil thawing, carrying out field structure layout to form natural sowing belts of corn and millet, wherein each natural sowing belt includes a corn belt and a millet belt, and the widths of the corn belt and the millet belt are both 1.1 m; S2, applying pure nitrogen-based fertilizer and pure P,Os-based fertilizer in the corn belt and the millet belt, ridging and covering with plastic film by a ridging and mulch applicator with full film and double ridges and furrows, and carrying out rotary tillage and burying fertilizer in millet belt; S3, in late April or early May, sowing two rows of corn in the corn belt and five rows of millet in the millet belt; S4, harvesting millet in late September, ploughing and raking the millet belt to collect moisture in time after harvesting millet; harvesting corn in early or middle October without uncovering the film;

SS, fertilizing and sowing in the millet belt in the next year according to the 7501082 fertilizing amount and sowing amount of the previous year; applying pure nitrogen base fertilizer and pure P:Os base fertilizer to the corn stubble of harvested corn in the corn belt according to the fertilizer application amount of the previous year, and then sowing corn in the middle of every two corn stubbles; S6, harvesting millet after the millet is ripe, harvesting corn after the corn is ripe, uncovering the film, ploughing the soil over all, and raking and leveling the soil before freezing.

As a preferred scheme of the present invention, in S1, the width of each natural sowing belt is 2.2 m, and the width of corn belt and millet belt is 1.1 m.

As a preferred scheme of the present invention, after covering the plastic film in S2, water seepage holes are drilled every 50 cm in the planting ditch to accumulate rainwater.

As a preferred scheme of the present invention, ridging in S2 forms large ridges and small ridges, wherein the large ridges are 70 cm wide and 10 cm high, and the small ridges are 40 cm wide and 15 cm high.

As a preferred scheme of the present invention, the fertilizer application amount of corn in S2 is 100 kg/hm? of pure nitrogen-based fertilizer and 75 kg/hm” of pure P»Os-based fertilizer; the fertilizer application amount of millet is 75 kg/hm? of pure nitrogen base fertilizer and 60 kg/hm? of pure P,Os base fertilizer.

As a preferred scheme of the present invention, in S3, the corn is sown in the planting furrow with full film double ridge furrow sowing corn ridging and mulch applicator, and the sowing amount of corn is 30,000 plants/hm?; millet is sown in hill without covering by hill-drop drill, and the sowing amount of millet is 200,000 plants/hm”.

As a preferred scheme of the present invention, the row spacing of two rows of corn in the corn belt in S3 is 40 cm, the plant spacing of each row of corn is 25 cm, and the row spacing of every two rows of millet is 22 cm.

Compared with that prior art, the invention uses the plan mode of plastic film furrow ridge corn and millet strip, utilizes the differences of biological demands and ecological niche of the two crops on water, and couples the effects of high-efficiency 507082 utilization of water in dry farming plastic film furrow ridge corn and intercropping to increase yield and efficiency, thereby realizing the functions of sustainable utilization of limited precipitation, reduction of consuming plastic film, high-quality crop production and the like, furthermore changing the problem that the traditional single planting of full film double ridge furrow corn decreases farmers' income due to high input and high output, and being beneficial to meeting the daily demand of people for miscellaneous crops, thus obviously increasing the yield of corn and millet.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present invention clear, the present invention will be further described in detail below with examples. The specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the invention, not to limit it.

In order to verify the feasibility of the invention, from 2017 to 2018, the test is carried out in the comprehensive experimental station of dry farming of Gansu Agricultural University in Lijiabao Town, Dingxi City, Gansu Province, which is located in the south middle part of Gansu Province, and belongs to the semi-arid area in the middle temperate zone, with an average altitude of 2,000 m, an average annual solar radiation of 592.9 kJ/cm?, sunshine hours of 2,476.6 h, and an average annual temperature of 6.4°C; if temperature is >0°C, the accumulated temperature is

2933.5°C; if 210°C, the accumulated temperature is 2239.1°C, frost-free period is 140 days, annual average rainfall is 399.3 mm, annual evaporation is 1531 mm and aridity index is 2.53, so the test site is a typical semi-arid rain fed agricultural area. The experimental soil is loessal soil, the average bulk density of 0-200 cm soil is 1.19 g/cm’, the withering moisture content is 7.3%, the saturated moisture content is 28.6%, the pH value is 8.36, the soil organic matter is 11.41 g/kg, the total nitrogen is 0.86 g/kg, the total phosphorus is 1.67 g/kg, and the annual average precipitation in the experimental area is 390.9 mm.

Test fertilizers: urea with N, P and K contents of 46%, 0% and 0% and diammonium phosphate of 18%, 46% and 0% respectively.

Test mulch film: 0.01 mm colorless polyethylene mulch film, which meets the 7501082 requirements of GB13735-92.

Varieties of tested crops: corn (Xianyu 335) and millet (Longgu No.11). Corn seeds are generally coated.

Crop layout: the width of corn and millet belts is 1.1 m and 2.2 m respectively, with 2 rows of corn and 6 rows of peas.

Test mode and technical requirements of cultivation Planting mode: corn: millet = 2: 5 banding patterns: corn with two rows of seeds, millet with 5 rows; width: corn belt: pea belt = 1.1 m: 1.1 m; and there is no space between corn belts. The planting technology of whole film double ridge furrow is used for sowing corn, the sowing date is in late April or early May, the density is 30,000 corn plants/hm?, row spacing is 40 cm, and plant spacing 25cm; and the millet is sown with a density 200,000 plants/hm?, in 5 rows; the fertilizing amount of corn and millet are 100 kg/hm? of pure nitrogen, 75 kg/hm? of pure P:Os as well as 75 kg/hm? of pure nitrogen, and 75 kg/hm? of pure P,Os as well as 60kg/hm? of pure nitrogen, respectively, and all the fertilizers are used as base fertilizers in the first year. Millet is harvested in late September; corn is harvested in early or middle October. After corn is harvested, the plastic film 1s used for two years without uncovering the film in the first year. In the second year, after uncovering the film, the corn and millet belt are ploughed as a whole, and the soil moisture is collected by raking before freezing.

Test technical requirements: The planting mode of corn belt and millet belt may pick up stubble of any crop. After the soil is thawed, the field is arranged. The fertilizing account of corn is 100 kg/hm? of nitrogen and 75 kg/hm? of pure P,Os, all of which are used as base fertilizer. During the land preparation, rotary tillage and fine harrow are used, and then ridging and film mulching are carried out by ridging and film mulching machine, wherein the width and the height of big ridge is 70 cm and 10 cm respectively, the width and the height of small ridge is 40 cm and 15cm respectively. After plastic mulching, water seepage holes are drilled every 50 cm in the planting ditch to accumulate rainwater;

then, plastic film is checked in time to prevent the wind from uncovering the plastic 507082 film and people and animals trampling on the plastic film; millet belt is fertilized with the 75kg/hm? nitrogen, 60 kg/hm? pure PzOs, and all of them are used as base fertilizer. The natural sowing bandwidth is 1.1 m and the width is 2.2 m. The sowing time of corn and millet is in late April or early May. Millet is sown in drill, with a density of 200,000 plants/hm? and a row spacing of 22 cm; corn is sown in the furrow, with a sowing density of 30,000 plants/hm”, a row spacing of 40 cm, and a plant spacing of cm. From July to August, in the early stage of corn spider mite and aphid occurrence, 1.8% avermectin 2000 times solution is sprayed once every 7-10 days for 1-2 times. Millet is harvested at the right time to prevent sparrow. After harvest, farmland shall be deeply ploughed and dried. The most suitable harvest time of corn is the late stage of wax ripening, when the bract leaves are white, and the grains are hard and shiny; meanwhile, the corn is with high 1000-grain weight and good quality.

According to actual planting test, the planting mode of the invention can achieve the output of 8525 kg/hm” and 1673 kg/hm° of corn and millet every year, with the economic productivity of 1.68x10" J/kg-hm?, the economic output value of 12035 CNY/hm? and the output value of 38.5 CNY/hm? mm of water, which saves 50% of plastic film compared with the traditional single planting of corn with full film and double ridge furrow sowing and has obvious effects of increasing production and efficiency.

The technical scheme of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned specific embodiments, and all technical variations made according to the technical scheme of the present invention fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

CLAIMS LU501082

1. À strip planting method of corn and millet in dry land mulched with plastic film by furrow planting and bed planting with agricultural machinery and agriculture comprises the following steps: sl, after the soil thawing, carrying out field structure layout to form natural sowing belts of corn and millet, wherein each natural sowing belt includes a corn belt and a millet belt, and the widths of the corn belt and the millet belt are both 1.1 m; s2, applying pure nitrogen-based fertilizer and pure P,Os-based fertilizer in the corn belt and the millet belt, ridging and covering with plastic film by a ridging and mulch applicator with full film and double ridges and furrows, and carrying out rotary tillage and burying fertilizer in millet belt; s3, in late April or early May, sowing two rows of corn in the corn belt and five rows of millet in the millet belt; s4, harvesting millet in late September, ploughing and raking the millet belt to collect moisture in time after harvesting millet; harvesting corn in early or middle October without uncovering the film; s5, fertilizing and sowing in the millet belt in the next year according to the fertilizing amount and sowing amount of the previous year; applying pure nitrogen base fertilizer and pure P:Os base fertilizer to the corn stubble of harvested corn in the corn belt according to the fertilizer application amount of the previous year, and then sowing corn in the middle of every two corn stubbles; s6, harvesting millet after the millet is ripe, harvesting corn after the corn is ripe, uncovering the film, ploughing the soil over all, and raking and leveling the soil before freezing.

2. The strip planting method of corn and millet in dry land mulched with plastic film by furrow planting and bed planting with agricultural machinery and agriculture according to claim 1, characterized in that in sl, the width of each natural sowing belt is 2.2 m, and the width of corn belt and millet beltis 1.1 m.

3. The strip planting method of corn and millet in dry land mulched with plastic film by furrow planting and bed planting with agricultural machinery and agriculture according to claim 1, characterized in that after covering the plastic film in s2, water 507082 seepage hole are drilled every 50 cm in the planting ditch to accumulate rainwater.

4. The strip planting method of corn and millet in dry land mulched with plastic film by furrow planting and bed planting with agricultural machinery and agriculture according to claim 2, characterized in that ridging in s2 forms large ridges and small ridges, wherein the large ridges are 70 cm wide and 10 cm high, and the small ridges are 40 cm wide and 15 cm high.

5. The strip planting method of corn and millet in dry land mulched with plastic film by furrow planting and bed planting with agricultural machinery and agriculture according to claim 2, characterized in that the fertilizer application amount of corn in s2 is 100 kg/hm? of pure nitrogen-based fertilizer and 75 kg/hm? of pure P2Os-based fertilizer; the fertilizer application amount of millet is 75 kg/hm? of pure nitrogen base fertilizer and 60 kg/hm? of pure POs base fertilizer.

6. The strip planting method of corn and millet in dry land mulched with plastic film by furrow planting and bed planting with agricultural machinery and agriculture according to claim 1, characterized in that in s3, the corn is sown in the planting furrow with full film double ridge furrow sowing corn ridging and mulch applicator, and the sowing amount of corn is 30,000 plants/fhm?; millet is sown in hill without covering by hill-drop drill, and the sowing amount of millet is 200,000 plants/hm?.

7. The strip planting method of corn and millet in dry land mulched with plastic film by furrow planting and bed planting with agricultural machinery and agriculture according to claim 1, characterized in that the row spacing of two rows of corn in the corn belt in s3 is 40 cm, the plant spacing of each row of corn is 25 cm, and the row spacing of every two rows of millet is 22 cm.