CN103960104A - Spiral alternative girdling juglans sigllata dode early bearing high-yield promoting method - Google Patents
Spiral alternative girdling juglans sigllata dode early bearing high-yield promoting method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a spiral alternative girdling juglans sigllata dode early bearing high-yield promoting method to enable juglans sigllata dode young vigorous trees to fruit earlier and more. The method comprises the steps of (1) plant selection; (2) girdling period and time confirmation; (3) girdling tool preparation; (4) girdling operation; (5) girdling plant management and protection. According to the method, spiral alternative girdling is performed on juglans sigllata dode young vigorous plants do not fruit or fruit few in the vigorous growth period, and accordingly, the plants can fruit ahead of time and fruit more, and the investment period is shortened. The result shows that uglans sigllata dode young vigorous trees 5 years old subjected to spiral alternative girdling can enter the economic benefit period 5 years earlier, and the yield can be increased by 7.3 times in the 6 to 10 years. Compared with other branch turning technologies, the method has the advantages of being high in safety, free of weakness and death, labor saving, simple and convenient to operate, easy to be grasped by farmers, apparent in early bearing and high yielding effects and the like.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to early real high-yield cultivation technique field of economic forest, specifically helical form replaces band girdle and promotes early real high yield method of complex peach.
Background technology
Complex peach (
juglans sigillatadode) also claiming Yangbi complex peach or deep line complex peach, is Juglandaceae Juglans deciduous tree, and it is mainly distributed in Yunnan, whole area, Guizhou and Sichuan, Hunan, West Guangxi and southern Tibet, is the Important Economic seeds in Southwestern China suitable planting area.Complex Tao Shi Yunnan Province cultivated area is maximum, number of employees is maximum, the most obvious first economic fruit seeds of Increase Income of Peasant Households, and within 2012, area reaches 3,700 ten thousand mu, 16,500,000,000 yuan of the agriculture output values.On the other hand, the late real type of bubble Juglans, the quick growing species of trees, 5~7 years examination flower examination fruits of propagation by grafiting, 8~15 years are growth fruiting period, within 16~20 years, progressively enter the full bearing period.Complex peach be take " four is other " cultivation as main always, the mature technology and the experience that there is no contiguous plant high-yield cultivating, the complex peach of industrialization contiguous plant, only long tree result or the few phenomenon of result ubiquity aborning not, plantation family is weighed down with anxieties, and authorities at different levels of government attach great importance to.For this reason, we started vertical topic bubble Walnut high-yield cultivation technique are studied in 2009.By to tradition random chop wound technology, laterally technologies of orbicular decorticating, lateral loops incision technology, longitudinally carve the helical form of hindering technology, conventional helical shape technologies of orbicular decorticating and innovation replace technologies of orbicular decorticating for many years, multiple spot, different times time test, result shows: the helical form of innovation replaces technologies of orbicular decorticating to promoting the effect of bubble Walnut high yield the most obvious, saving of work and time operating efficiency is high, safety is the highest, and the strong prosperous bounce-back rate of tree vigo(u)r is minimum; Other make hinder technology promote production DeGrain (chop wound technology as tradition is random and longitudinally carve and hinder technology), safety low cause plant weak or dead (as horizontal technologies of orbicular decorticating, lateral loops incision technology and conventional helical shape technologies of orbicular decorticating) or make wound after 2 years tree vigo(u)r recover strong prosperous not result (all make and hinder technology).Complex peach helical form replaces the invention application of technologies of orbicular decorticating, significant to bubble Sustainable Development of Walnut Industry, industrial base consolidations, the raising of early maturity culture benefit, Increase Income of Peasant Households, rural economy prosperity, social stability.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of helical form and replace early real high yield method of band girdle promotion complex peach, to make up the above-mentioned deficiency of hindering technology of making, reach late real Walnut high yield.
The present invention realizes by the following technical solutions:
Helical form replaces band girdle and promotes an early real high yield method of complex peach, comprises the steps:
Select the age of tree 4-10 years, grow vigorous, leading thread>=6 cm, the height of tree>=3.5 m, hat width>=16m
2, result or the less complex peach plant of result be not as band girdle plant.
With complex peach plant year, the fine day 10:00-16:00 in mid-May to the last ten-days period of vigorous period carries out band girdle operation, with guarantee band girdle mouth after band girdle in 30 days healing good.
Adopt long 20-40 cm garden saws and the sharp sharp steel knife of long 20-30 cm as band girdle instrument.Instrument uses successively in order, and the specialty of taking turns is not damaged xylem to guarantee otch deeply to reach xylem, band girdle mouth is straight and band girdle mouth tangent plane is smooth as dug.
Band girdled plant 50%-90% trunk or major branch were carried out to helical form band girdle in the 1st year, the 2nd year remaining 50%-10% trunk of helical form band girdle or major branch, complete single walnut plant trunk or major branch are all carried out to band girdle totally for the 1st year and the 2nd year for 2 years; Within the 3rd year, not cut; Cut again to the 1st year and the 2nd year band girdle trunk or major branch respectively the 4th year and the 5th year, to guarantee that band girdled plant continues high yield until enter the full bearing period.
Band girdle operation:
on band girdled plant, select trunk or the straight smooth place of major branch to carry out band girdle.
in branch band girdle position, with 45 degree oblique angles, with garden saw, around major branch, within 1 week, saw 2 shallow saw kerfs.Different according to Cortex walnut layer thickness, dark 0.3-0.8 cm of saw kerf, take and not reach xylem and approach xylem as suitable; Parallel and spacing 0.8-1.2 cm of 2 saw kerfs, the initial and saw place that falls of 2 saw kerfs intersects sharp type and closes up; Saw kerf original position and stop position are along branch axis interval (being pitch) 20 cm 3-5 cm that overlap above.
with sharp sharp knife, along saw kerf, from top to bottom the branch skin in the middle of 2 saw kerfs is taken off.While getting skin, first with point of a knife, along saw kerf upper end, down cut, pry open a skin; Then, the branch skin of having pried open with the light pulling of have gentle hands, and continue cutting with point of a knife downwards along saw kerf according to branch skin adhesion situation, with all take out the branch skin in the middle of saw kerf and do not damage xylem, band girdle mouth is straight and band girdle mouth tangent plane is smooth as dug, was advisable.
Remove in time the following rudiment of band girdle mouth; Strengthen band girdled plant clay fertilizer water management and the extermination of disease and insect pest.
Described complex peach plant must be in the treelet phase (growth result initial stage), have certain rugosity, highly, the branch quantity width of coming of age, and growth potential is prosperous by force, result or result are not less.
The described band girdle time is the 10:00-16:00 of mid-May to late May fine day.
Described described garden saw is selected Japanese Ai Lisi ARSG-18L turbine propulsion folding saw.
It is the tree body management process that a continued operation for many years completes that described complex peach helical form replaces band girdle.Wherein, within the 1st year and the 2nd year, within totally 2 years, complete the single plant trunk of walnut or major branch are carried out to band girdle, to promote its early real high yield, guarantee the above branch in band girdled position time annual bearing; Within the 3rd year, not cut; Cut again to the 1st year and the 2nd year band girdle trunk or major branch respectively the 4th year and the 5th year, to guarantee that band girdled plant continues high yield until enter the full bearing period.
The position that described helical form replaces band girdle is the straight smooth place of trunk, major branch of the tree-like plant of single trunk or the straight smooth place of trunk of the tree-like plant of many trunks.
Described helical form replaces its band girdle mouth of band girdle with miter angle along band girdled branch in the shape of a spiral, original position and stop position are along branch axis interval (being pitch) 20 cm 3-5 cm that overlap above, and wide 0.8-1.2 cm of band girdle mouth spacing and upper and lower two ends point type close up.
Described helical form replaces band girdle and should note removing in time the following rudiment of band girdle mouth and strengthen band girdled plant clay fertilizer water management and the extermination of disease and insect pest.
The present invention adopts turbine to promote garden saw and sharp sharp steel knife coordinates the band girdle instrument that is combined into, thereby with other band girdle instrument comparison, to have that band girdle angle is easily grasped, band girdle mouth is straight smooth, avoid damaging the feature that xylem and saving of work and time are increased work efficiency.The present invention carries out band girdle with miter angle, more than pitch is controlled at 20 cm, and scarfing width 0.8-1.2 cm, the upper and lower two ends of band girdle mouth point type closes up and overlaps 3-5 cm; Within 2 years, complete a band girdle and promote the early real high yield cycle, result of the test shows: 5 years age of tree complex peach young-abounding tree helical forms replace band girdle to be processed, and can make it within approximately 5 years in advance, enter the economic well-being of workers and staff phase, makes band girdled plant continue get bumper crops and enter the full bearing period; Between the 6-10 year, output increases by 7.3 times.
The present invention and other are made and are hindered technology comparison, there is safe, plant and without decline and death phenomenon, output, increase the feature of successful, and saving of labor, easy and simple to handle, easily by peasant household grasp, the advantage such as early real effect of high-yield is obvious, efficiently solving a Yunnan real Walnut cultivation difficult problem in evening and industrialization contiguous plant complex peach nourishes and grows and reproductive growth contradiction, avoid causing the generation of deforestation phenomenon because of result not, have broad application prospects aborning.
The present invention makes the average economic well-being of workers and staff phase of complex peach shorten to 6 years by 11 years, in advance within 5 years, enter the economic well-being of workers and staff phase, between the 6-10 year, output increases by 7.3 times, efficiently solve the complex peach growth result phase plant only long tree not result or result few, impel industry contiguous plant walnut effectively to realize and nourishing and growing and reproductive growth balance, avoided causing because of planting culture the generation of peasant's deforestation phenomenon of long-term not result initiation, have broad application prospects aborning, to bubble Sustainable Development of Walnut Industry, Increase Income of Peasant Households and beautiful rural construction have important practical significance and far-reaching strategic importance.
Embodiment
The helical form that the present invention proposes replaces band girdle and promotes early real high yield method of complex peach, and step is as follows:
The selection of step 1, band girdle plant: in the complex peach standing forest of industrialization contiguous plant, select the age of tree 4-10 years, grow vigorous, leading thread>=6 cm, the height of tree>=3.5 m, hat width>=16 m
2, the less complex peach plant of result or result does not carry out the band girdle processing of promoting production.When selecting band girdle plant, stand density is larger, and the band girdle plant age of tree, leading thread, the height of tree numerical value that width selects of coming of age is less; Vice versa.
Determining of step 2, girdling period and time: take mid-May to last ten-days period of complex peach year vigorous period is girdling period, selects its fine day to carry out band girdle operation in this girdling period, and the band girdle time is advisable with 10:00-16:00.Different according to each complex peach producing region phenophase, girdling period is slightly variant; Growth animated period carries out band girdle, is conducive to scarfing quickly-healing in 30 days; It is rotten that fine day band girdle can avoid scarfing to infect.
Step 3, band girdle instrument and preparation thereof: adopt the garden saw of long 20-40 cm turbine propulsions and the sharp sharp steel knife of long 20-30 cm to form band girdle instrument.Turbine propulsion garden saw is used as band girdle mouth opening, straight and smooth as dug along the angle of needs to guarantee band girdle mouth.Meanwhile, due to the trunk of complex peach band girdled or major branch is thick, bark thicker (0.4cm-1.1 cm), the use of turbine propulsion garden saw becomes to have improved several fold operating efficiency.Using turbine propulsion garden saw hold band girdle mouth successfully and complete on the basis of approximately 80% cutting port depth operation, the point of a knife that re-uses sharp sharp steel knife completes whole band girdle operation.Require sharp steel knife to there is higher rigidity, and must make point of a knife incomparably sharp while using sharp steel knife at every turn, to guarantee that band girdle cut sides is smooth and not hinder or the less xylem that injures.
The selection of step 4, band girdle trunk or major branch: for increasing work efficiency, conventionally to select larger branch or trunk to carry out band girdle operation.During First Year band girdle, band girdle trunk or major branch selection principle are: if two trunk is tree-like, directly select a wherein larger trunk to carry out band girdle; If three open-center shape selects 2 major branches wherein to carry out band girdle; If trunk is evacuated layering shape tree type, at lowest part, retain one not after band girdle branch, directly trunk is carried out to band girdle; Etc..Generally, according to band girdled plant trunk or major branch distribution situation, its trunk or major branch are divided into 2 parts, the 1st year band girdle 50%-90% major branch or trunk, the 2nd year remaining 50%-10% major branch of band girdle or trunk; Within the 3rd year, do not carry out band girdle; The 1st year band girdle major branch or trunk were avoided to former band girdle position in the 4th year and carry out band girdle; The 2nd year band girdle major branch or trunk were avoided to former band girdle position in the 5th year and carry out band girdle.Replace and so forth, can make band girdled plant continue high yield until enter the full bearing period.
The selection at step 5, band girdle position: select straight smooth place to carry out band girdle on band girdled major branch or trunk.
Step 6, helical form replace band girdle technological process and feature:
flow process alternately: the 1st year band girdle 50%-90% trunk or major branch → 2nd year band girdle 50%-10% trunk or major branch → 3rd year not cut → the 4th year to the 1st year band girdle limb cut again → the 5th year to the 2nd year band girdle limb cut again → full bearing period.
band girdle flow process: the auxiliary skin of getting of saw helical opening → sharp knife.
feature: helical form replaces technologies of orbicular decorticating and applies next year, can make complex peach young-abounding tree enter the economic well-being of workers and staff phase, makes complex peach young-abounding tree enter above the economic well-being of workers and staff phase in 5 years in advance, and between the 6-10 year, output increases by 7.3 times; Within 5 years, complete helical form and replace the band girdle cycle, make complex peach young-abounding tree within 6 years, enter the full bearing period above in advance, the industry dense planting of the avoiding deforestation phenomenon that result does not cause occurs; Through combination accessory, original innovation helical form band girdle instrument, greatly improved the operating efficiency of thicker bark complex peach helical form band girdle operation; Helical form replaces band girdle technique and has thoroughly cracked other and make the wound technology of promoting production promote production weak effect or the low multiple prosperous fruitless difficult problem of plant death or tree vigo(u)r that causes of safety.
Step 7, helical form replace technologies of orbicular decorticating hints on operation:
in selected limb band girdle position, with 45 degree oblique angles, with turbine, promote garden saw around 2 shallow saw kerfs of 1 week saw of major branch.Different according to Cortex walnut layer thickness, dark approximately 0.3-0.8 cm of saw kerf, take and not reach xylem and approach xylem as suitable; Parallel and spacing approximately 1 cm of 2 saw kerfs, the initial and saw place that falls of 2 saw kerfs intersects sharp type and closes up; Saw kerf original position and stop position are along branch axis interval (being pitch) 20 cm 3-5 cm that overlap above.
with the point of a knife of sharp sharp knife, along saw kerf, from top to bottom the branch skin in the middle of 2 saw kerfs is taken off.While getting skin, first with point of a knife, along saw kerf upper end, continue down (xylem direction) cutting, pry open a skin; Then, the branch skin of having pried open with the light pulling of have gentle hands, and continue cutting with point of a knife downwards along saw kerf according to branch skin adhesion situation, with all take out the branch skin in the middle of saw kerf and do not damage xylem, band girdle mouth is straight and band girdle mouth tangent plane is smooth as dug, was advisable.
Managing and protecting of step 8, band girdle plant: remove in time the following rudiment of band girdle mouth; Strengthen band girdled plant clay fertilizer water management and the extermination of disease and insect pest.
Claims (8)
1. helical form replaces band girdle and promotes early real high yield method of complex peach, it is characterized in that comprising the steps:
(1) plant is selected: select the age of tree 4-10 years, grow vigorous, leading thread>=6 cm, the height of tree>=3.5 m, hat width>=16 m
2, the less complex peach plant of result or result not;
(2) band girdle selection of time: take complex peach plant year vigorous period mid-May to the last ten-days period fine day 10:00-16:00 be the band girdle time;
(3) band girdle instrument: long 20-40 cm garden saws, the sharp sharp knife of long 20-30 cm, to guarantee that band girdle cut sides is smooth as to dig;
(4) selection of band girdle branch: band girdled plant branch is divided into 2 parts, the 1st year band girdle 50%-90% major branch or trunk, the 2nd year remaining 50%-10% major branch of band girdle or trunk; Within the 3rd year, do not carry out band girdle; The 1st year band girdle branch or the dry former band girdle position of avoiding were carried out to band girdle in the 4th year; The 2nd year band girdle branch or the dry former band girdle position of avoiding were carried out to band girdle in the 5th year; So replace reciprocal 2 times, make band girdled plant continue high yield until enter the full bearing period;
(5) band girdle operation:
select trunk or the straight smooth place of major branch to carry out band girdle,
in trunk or major branch band girdle position, with 45 degree oblique angles, with garden saw, around 2 shallow saw kerfs of 1 week saw of trunk or major branch, according to Cortex walnut layer thickness difference, dark 0.3-0.8 cm of saw kerf, take and not reach xylem and approach xylem as suitable; Parallel and spacing 0.8-1.2 cm of 2 saw kerfs, the initial and saw place that falls of 2 saw kerfs intersects sharp type and closes up; Saw kerf original position and stop position are along branch axis interval 20 cm 3-5 cm that overlap above, and this interval is pitch;
with sharp sharp knife, along saw kerf, from top to bottom the branch skin in the middle of 2 saw kerfs is taken off, while getting skin, first with point of a knife, along saw kerf upper end, down cut, pry open a skin; Then, the branch skin of having pried open with the light pulling of have gentle hands, and continue cutting with point of a knife downwards along saw kerf according to branch skin adhesion situation, with all take out the branch skin in the middle of saw kerf and do not damage xylem, band girdle mouth is straight and band girdle mouth tangent plane is smooth as dug;
(6) managing and protecting of band girdle plant: remove in time the following rudiment of band girdle mouth; Strengthen band girdled plant clay fertilizer water management and the extermination of disease and insect pest.
2. helical form according to claim 1 replaces band girdle and promotes early real high yield method of complex peach, it is characterized in that, described garden saw is selected Japanese Ai Lisi ARSG-18L turbine propulsion folding saw.
3. helical form according to claim 1 replaces band girdle and promotes early real high yield method of complex peach, it is characterized in that, select complex peach plant in the treelet phase, and growth potential is prosperous by force, and result or result are not less as band girdled plant.
4. helical form according to claim 1 replaces band girdle and promotes early real high yield method of complex peach, it is characterized in that, adopt long 20-40 cm garden saws, the sharp sharp knife of long 20-30 cm is as instrument, in order successively, the specialty of taking turns, does not damage xylem to guarantee otch deeply to reach xylem, band girdle mouth is straight and band girdle mouth tangent plane is smooth as dug.
5. helical form according to claim 1 replaces band girdle and promotes early real high yield method of complex peach, it is characterized in that, within the 1st year and the 2nd year, within totally 2 years, completes the single plant trunk of walnut or major branch are carried out to band girdle, to promote its early real high yield; Within the 3rd year, not cut; Cut again to the 1st year and the 2nd year band girdle trunk or major branch respectively the 4th year and the 5th year, to guarantee that band girdled plant continues high yield until enter the full bearing period.
6. helical form according to claim 1 replaces band girdle and promotes early real high yield method of complex peach, it is characterized in that, at trunk or the straight smooth place of major branch, carries out band girdle.
7. helical form according to claim 1 replaces band girdle and promotes early real high yield method of complex peach, it is characterized in that band girdle mouth with miter angle along band girdled trunk or major branch in the shape of a spiral, original position and stop position are along trunk or major branch axis interval 20 cm 3-5 cm that overlap above, this interval is pitch, and wide 0.8-1.2 cm of band girdle mouth and upper and lower two ends point type close up.
8. helical form according to claim 1 replaces band girdle and promotes early real high yield method of complex peach, it is characterized in that, removes in time the following rudiment of band girdle mouth and strengthens band girdled plant clay fertilizer water management and the extermination of disease and insect pest.
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Address after: 678000 Longyang District of Baoshan city Yunnan Province Pacific Road No. 10 Patentee after: Baoshan forestry and grassland Technology Promotion Station Address before: 678000 Longyang District of Baoshan city Yunnan Province Pacific Road No. 10 Patentee before: FORESTRY TECHNIQUE PROMOTION STATION OF BAOSHAN CITY |