CN105613185A - Shaping method for shaping apple trees into slender spindle shape - Google Patents
Shaping method for shaping apple trees into slender spindle shape Download PDFInfo
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- CN105613185A CN105613185A CN201610057236.8A CN201610057236A CN105613185A CN 105613185 A CN105613185 A CN 105613185A CN 201610057236 A CN201610057236 A CN 201610057236A CN 105613185 A CN105613185 A CN 105613185A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
Abstract
The invention discloses a shaping method for shaping apple trees into a slender spindle shape. The shaping method comprises: (1) carrying out fixed planting and trunk heading on fruit nursery stocks; (2) promoting the fruit nursery stocks to sprout to grow tender tips; (3) carrying out primary heavy cutting-back on branch tips grown from the tender tips; (4) carrying out secondary heavy cutting-back on branch tips with lengths of over 20cm 20 days after primary heavy cutting-back; (5) carrying out winter pruning on the fruit trees; (6) in the second year of fixed planting of the fruit trees, repeating the steps (3) and (4) on branch tips newly grown on continued branches of a center trunk; (7) processing branches newly grown on main branches retained in the current year of fixed planting; (8) carrying out winter pruning on the fruit trees; (9) in the third year of fixed planting of the fruit trees, repeating the steps (6) to (8) to complete shaping the apple trees into the slender spindle shape. The method disclosed by the invention is simple and convenient to operate; tree nutrition can be saved; the apple trees enter a high-yield period in advance; labor is saved; an effect is highlighted; thicknesses and lengths of the main branches in the shaping of the slender spindle shape in apple close cultivation are controlled; the shaping method has significance for propelling apple close cultivation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Apple Culture field. Shaping methods more particularly, to a kind of slender spindle apple shape.
Background technology
The Main Cultivation pattern of current China Fructus Mali pumilae is to utilize the Vigorating compact planting pattern of the vigorous stock such as Caulis et folium euphorbiae milii, Malus baccata (Linn.) Borkh. and utilize the Cold region apple pattern of the dwarfing rootstock such as M system or SH system, owing to the tree-like crown diameter of slender spindle like is little, shaping technique simple, it is widely used in Fructus Mali pumilae planting culture.
In current slender spindle apple shape shaping, the main technology of application is branch pulling and angle opening, to delay major branch to grow, keeps the dry growth vigor in center. Use toothpick angle of release during the long 15-20cm of the branch that sends on Ji center is dry, or use open-angle device angle of release during long about the 40cm of branch, make branch base angle more than or equal to 90 degree; Then, before and after autumn then or rudiment next spring, carry out drawing branch by gunnysack line or plastic ties etc., make branch tip angle maintenance level or below horizontal. Although technology is simple, but it is a lot of to take a lot of work.
Additionally, in abundant, the eugonic area of apple secondary of rainfall in summer, when utilizing half dwarfing stock such as Qiao Zhenjian garden or SH system to build garden, even if after having done the measures such as branch pulling and angle opening, owing to drawn shoot growth is vigorous, branch is excessively thick, long, also to wipe out when the winter cuts, waste substantial amounts of trunk infusion and artificial, be delayed result.
In view of this, the special proposition present invention.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide the shaping methods of a kind of slender spindle apple shape, solve major branch rugosity and the unmanageable difficult problem of length in Fructus Mali pumilae planting culture slender spindle like shaping.
For reaching above-mentioned purpose, the present invention adopts following technical proposals:
A kind of shaping methods of apple tree slender spindle like, the step of the method includes:
(1) fruit nursery stock field planting, fixed dry;
(2) short fruit nursery stock rudiment grows the tender tip;
(3) branch top that the tender tip is grown up to weighs cutting back first;
(4) to the length branch top more than 20cm heavy cutting back again after weight cutting back first 20 days;
(5) described fruit tree carries out the winter cuts;
(6) fruit tree field planting Second Year, repeats step (3) and (4) to the branch top of growth new on the dry elongated shoot in center;
(7) on the major branch that field planting is retained then, newborn long shoot bar processes;
(8) described fruit tree carries out the winter cuts;
(9) fruit tree field planting the 3rd year, repeats step (6) to (8), completes apple tree slender spindle like shaping.
Further, step (1) specifically includes:
After fruit nursery stock field planting, on ground, above 1-1.2m eminence is done surely;
Further, step (2) specifically includes:
(1), after nursery stock does surely, nursery stock is overlapped from top to the part from ground 50cm plastic bag, and tightens plastic bag two ends;
(2) Sprout period grows the tender tip, removes the plastic bag put as the long 5cm of the tender tip.
Further, step (3) specifically includes:
When late June, fruit nursery stock started to grow young sprout, to the length young sprout more than 20cm, retain young sprout base portion one and enclose verticillate blade, carry out weight cutting back from young sprout base portion 1-3cm
Further, step (4) specifically includes:
Carrying out first after weight cutting back 20 days, the length young sprout more than 20cm is being carried out weight cutting back again and processes, processing method is with to weigh cutting back method first identical.
Further, step (5) specifically includes:
(1) the light cutting back in dry elongated shoot top at center, cuts and stays dry elongated shoot 3/4-4/5 centered by length;
(2) be retained in described in the maximum branch of weight cutting back position sends again a angle, remove other branch sent at same heavy cutting back position;
(3) center that removes is done rugosity and is exceeded the branch of the dry crude degree 1/3 in center;
(4) overlap, overstocked branch is done at the center that removes, and makes the root spacing of dry the same side, center branch at more than 30cm, and the root spacing of the adjacent branch in left and right is at more than 10cm;
(5) finally retaining the branch quantity done at center is 5-7.
Further, step (7) specifically includes: within the dry 15cm in major branch Shang Ju center field planting retained then, the branch of new growth all removes, beyond 15cm upwards and the shoot growth of tiltedly upper growth to 15-20cm time, all torsion tips or be pulled to sagging; Other level or downwards growth branch retain motionless.
Further, step (8) specifically includes:
(1) the light cutting back in dry elongated shoot top at center, cuts and stays dry elongated shoot 3/4-4/5 centered by length;
(2) it is retained in the branch that an angle that weight cutting back position sends is maximum, removes other branch sent at same heavy cutting back position;
(3) center that removes is done rugosity and is exceeded the branch of the dry crude degree 1/3 in center;
(4) overlap, overstocked branch is done at the center that removes, and makes the root spacing of dry the same side, center branch at more than 30cm, and the root spacing of the adjacent branch in left and right is at more than 10cm;
(5) finally retaining the branch quantity done at center is 12-16.
Further, the apple tree form structure through slender spindle like shaping is: height of tree 3-4m, crown diameter 2-.4m, major branch number 25-30.
Further, described plastic bag is the plastic bag of long 0.6m-0.8m, wide 10cm.
Described apple tree slender spindle like shaping methods can be additionally used in the slender spindle like shaping of pear tree, peach tree.
Beneficial effects of the present invention is as follows:
The inventive method is easy and simple to handle, can save and draw a material and recruitment, saves trunk infusion, makes fruit tree shape ahead of time, ahead of time result, enters high yield period ahead of time, remarkably productive, to promoting that Fructus Mali pumilae planting culture is significant.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to be illustrated more clearly that the present invention, below in conjunction with preferred embodiment, the present invention is described further.
Example 1
Fructus Mali pumilae Qiao's anvil planting culture slender spindle like shaping
Grafting Fuji apple Seedling on Caulis et folium euphorbiae milii stock is pressed the seeding row spacing field planting of 3m �� 5m, and in ground, above nursery stock 1m-1.2m eminence is done surely; After calmly doing, on nursery stock, the elongate plastic bag of the long 0.6m-0.8m of square set, wide 10cm, tightens plastic bag two ends, promotes rudiment; Note after rudiment ventilating in time, it is prevented that roasting hinder tender shoots, during the long 5cm of the tender tip, remove plastic bag completely.
When late June autumn growth starts to grow, center is done that the upper dry elongated shoot of a good appetite suddenly appearing in a serious disease heart is outer, the length young sprout more than 20cm, retains young sprout base portion one and enclose verticillate blade, from young sprout base portion 1cm-3cm first time heavily cutting back, promote the rudiment again of this young sprout, carry out diauxic growth; Simultaneously facilitate other young sprouts stopping length and start diauxic growth.
Processing after 20 days at weight cutting back, the length young sprout more than 20cm is carried out weight cutting back again and processes, processing method is identical with first time heavy cutting back.
After twice weight cutting back, the young sprout rugosity again sent at same heavy cutting back position is generally individually smaller than 1/3 (be less than 1/3 young sprout can retain standard) of its dry crude degree in inserted part center, can retain when the winter cuts, without all young sprouts that the center that to cut off when the winter cuts as traditional method is done. So using this method shaping, the young sprout remained can be carried out short flower at Second Year Growing season and processes, with traditional method ratio, it is possible to reach to increase the purpose of early stage branch amount, early shaping, precocity fruiting, early high yield.
When winter cuts, the dry elongated shoot top cutting back at center, cut and stay dry elongated shoot 3/4-4/5 centered by length; It is retained in the branch that an angle that weight cutting back position sends is maximum, removes other branch sent at same heavy cutting back position; Such as generally can sprout 13 young sprouts at same heavy cutting back position, if with the dry angle in center respectively 60 degree, 90 degree and 120 degree, then retaining angle is the branch of 120 degree; The center of removing is done rugosity and is exceeded the branch of the dry crude degree 1/3 in center; Overlap, overstocked branch is done at the center of removing; Making the spacing of dry the same side, center branch root at more than 30cm, the root spacing of the adjacent branch in left and right is at more than 10cm; Finally retaining the branch quantity done at center is 5-7.
Field planting Second Year, within last year retains the dry 15cm in major branch Shang Ju center, the branch of new growth all removes, beyond 15cm upwards and the shoot growth of tiltedly upper growth to 15-20cm time, all torsion tips or be pulled to sagging; Other level or downwards growth branch retain motionless. When winter cuts, the light cutting back in dry elongated shoot top at center, cut and stay dry elongated shoot 3/4-4/5 centered by length; It is retained in the branch that an angle that weight cutting back position sends is maximum, removes other branch sent at same heavy cutting back position; The center of removing is done rugosity and is exceeded the branch of the dry crude degree 1/3 in center; Overlap, overstocked branch is done at the center of removing, and makes the spacing of dry the same side, center branch root at more than 30cm, and the root spacing of the adjacent branch in left and right is at more than 10cm; Finally retaining the branch quantity done at center is 12-16.
Field planting the 3rd year is identical with Second Year process. Processing through 3 years, slender spindle apple shape shaping completes.
Comparative example 1
By traditional elongate spindle shaping methods shaping:
After field planting, in ground, above nursery stock 1m-1.2m eminence is done surely, sleeving plastic bag; Center being done the upper length young sprout more than 20cm and carries out branch pulling and angle opening, branch base angle reaches 90-120 degree; Late August to early September, length is all pulled to 90-120 degree more than 45cm, the angle young sprout less than 90 degree; When winter cuts, the dry secateurs that extends in center stays 3/4-4/5, and dry other branches upper in center are all removed; Second Year, the young sprout continuing center is done carries out branch pulling and angle opening; When winter cuts, the rugosity branch more than the dry crude degree 1/3 in center is done at the center of removing, and removes overstocked, overlapping branch; Within 3rd year, process same Second Year.
After field planting First Year fall foliage, the apple tree that the shaping methods of Application Example 1 and the conventional cosmetic method of comparative example 1 are processed contrasts, and each investigation 50 strain trees, investigation index includes: the dry elongated shoot length in center, major branch length, major branch rugosity. Result shows: the apple tree that application this method processes, center dry elongated shoot length average out to 1.55m, major branch number average out to 8, major branch length average out to 0.72m, major branch rugosity average out to 0.83cm, branch is than average out to 1:2.95, close to the requirement of 1:3, substantially can retain; The apple tree that application conventional cosmetic method processes, center dry elongated shoot length average out to 1.55m, major branch number average out to 5, major branch length average out to 1.02m, major branch rugosity average out to 1.05cm, branch is than average out to 1:1.98, branch is than too big, and major branch can not retain, and will remove when the winter cuts.
After the 3rd year fall foliage of field planting, the fruit tree that the slender spindle like shaping methods of Application Example 1 and the traditional elongate spindle shaping methods of comparative example 1 are processed, each investigation 50 strains, investigation index includes: the dry elongated shoot length in center, major branch length, major branch rugosity. Result shows: the apple tree that application this method processes, height of tree average out to 3.5m, crown diameter average out to 2.4m, major branch number average out to 25, and reforming process is basically completed; The apple tree that application conventional cosmetic method processes, height of tree average out to 3.8m, crown diameter average out to 2.6m, major branch number average out to 20, tree-like closer to free spindle.
When the 3rd year and the 4th year fruit maturation in autumn, each 50 strains of tree of two kinds of shaping methods of investigation application, calculate single plant yield respectively. Result shows: the apple tree that the method for Application Example 1 processes, the 3rd year single plant yield average out to 12kg, the 4th year single plant yield average out to 30kg; The apple tree of the conventional process of Comparison study example 1, the 3rd year single plant yield average out to 5kg, the 4th year single plant yield average out to 15kg.
Embodiment 2
Cultivation of Apple Under Dwarf And Close Planting slender spindle like shaping
Grafting Miyazaki's brachyplast Fuji apple Seedling on SH6 dwarfing interstock is pressed the seeding row spacing field planting of 2m �� 4m, carries out slender spindle like shaping according to the present embodiment shaping methods. With the traditional elongate spindle shaping methods of comparative example 1 for comparison.
After field planting then fall foliage, each 50 strains of tree that the conventional cosmetic method of investigation embodiment 2 shaping methods and comparative example 1 processes respectively, investigation index includes: the dry elongated shoot length in center, major branch length, major branch rugosity. Result shows: applying the apple tree that this shaping methods processes, center dry elongated shoot length average out to 1.35m, major branch number average out to 7, major branch length average out to 0.6m, major branch rugosity average out to 0.76cm, branch is than average out to 1:3.02; The apple tree that application conventional cosmetic method processes, center dry elongated shoot length average out to 1.28m, major branch number average out to 4, major branch length average out to 0.92m, major branch rugosity average out to 0.94cm, branch is than average out to 1:1.96.
Applying each 50 strains of apple tree of two kinds of shaping methods in the 3rd year fall foliage " Invest, Then Investigate ", investigation index includes the height of tree, crown diameter and major branch number. Result shows: the apple tree that the shaping methods of Application Example 2 processes, height of tree average out to 3.2m, crown diameter average out to 2.2m, major branch number average out to 23; The apple tree that the conventional cosmetic method of Comparison study example 1 processes, height of tree average out to 2.9m, crown diameter average out to 2.4m, major branch number average out to 20.
When the 3rd year and the 4th year fruit maturation in autumn, each 50 strains of tree of two kinds of shaping methods of investigation application, calculate single plant yield respectively. Result shows: the apple tree that the method for Application Example 2 processes, the 3rd year single plant yield average out to 12kg, and the 4th annual is 20kg; The apple tree that the method for Comparison study example 1 processes, the 3rd year single plant yield average out to 5kg, the 4th year single plant yield average out to 10kg.
Therefore, compared with traditional method, the shaping methods early yield of the present invention is higher, and premature labor Productive Potential is bigger.
Obviously; the above embodiment of the present invention is only for clearly demonstrating example of the present invention; and be not the restriction to embodiments of the present invention; for those of ordinary skill in the field; can also make other changes in different forms on the basis of the above description; here cannot all of embodiment be given exhaustive, every belong to apparent change that technical scheme extended out or the variation row still in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the shaping methods of an apple tree slender spindle like, it is characterised in that the step of the method includes:
(1) fruit nursery stock field planting, fixed dry;
(2) short fruit nursery stock rudiment grows the tender tip;
(3) branch top that the tender tip is grown up to weighs cutting back first;
(4) to the length branch top more than 20cm heavy cutting back again after weight cutting back first 20 days;
(5) described fruit tree carries out the winter cuts;
(6) fruit tree field planting Second Year, repeats step (3) and (4) to the branch top of growth new on the dry elongated shoot in center;
(7) on the major branch that field planting is retained then, newborn long shoot bar processes;
(8) described fruit tree carries out the winter cuts;
(9) fruit tree field planting the 3rd year, repeats step (6) to (8), completes apple tree slender spindle like shaping.
2. shaping methods according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
Step (1) specifically includes: after fruit nursery stock field planting, and on ground, above 1-1.2m eminence is done surely;
Step (2) specifically includes:
(1), after nursery stock does surely, nursery stock is overlapped from top to the part from ground 50cm plastic bag, and tightens plastic bag two ends;
(2) Sprout period grows the tender tip, removes the plastic bag put as the long 5cm of the tender tip.
3. shaping methods according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step (3) specifically includes:
When late June, fruit nursery stock started to grow young sprout, to the length young sprout more than 20cm, retain young sprout base portion one and enclose verticillate blade, carry out weight cutting back from young sprout base portion 1-3cm.
4. shaping methods according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step (4) specifically includes:
Carrying out first after weight cutting back 20 days, the length young sprout more than 20cm is being carried out weight cutting back again and processes, processing method is with to weigh cutting back method first identical.
5. shaping methods according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step (5) specifically includes:
(1) the light cutting back in dry elongated shoot top at center, cuts and stays dry elongated shoot 3/4-4/5 centered by length;
(2) be retained in described in the maximum branch of weight cutting back position sends again a angle, remove other branch sent at same heavy cutting back position;
(3) center that removes is done rugosity and is exceeded the branch of the dry crude degree 1/3 in center;
(4) overlap, overstocked branch is done at the center that removes, and makes the root spacing of dry the same side, center branch at more than 30cm, and the root spacing of the adjacent branch in left and right is at more than 10cm;
(5) finally retaining the branch quantity done at center is 5-7.
6. shaping methods according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, step (7) specifically includes: within the dry 15cm in major branch Shang Ju center field planting retained then, the branch of new growth all removes, when the shoot growth upwards and tiltedly above grown beyond 15cm is to 15-20cm, all turns round the tip or be pulled to sagging; Other level or downwards growth branch retain motionless.
7. shaping methods according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step (8) specifically includes:
(1) the light cutting back in dry elongated shoot top at center, cuts and stays dry elongated shoot 3/4-4/5 centered by length;
(2) it is retained in the branch that an angle that weight cutting back position sends is maximum, removes other branch sent at same heavy cutting back position;
(3) center that removes is done rugosity and is exceeded the branch of the dry crude degree 1/3 in center;
(4) overlap, overstocked branch is done at the center that removes, and makes the root spacing of dry the same side, center branch at more than 30cm, and the root spacing of the adjacent branch in left and right is at more than 10cm;
(5) finally retaining the branch quantity done at center is 12-16.
8. shaping methods according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the apple tree form structure through slender spindle like shaping is: height of tree 3-4m, crown diameter 2-.4m, major branch number 25-30.
9. shaping methods according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: described plastic bag is the plastic bag of long 0.6m-0.8m, wide 10cm.
10. shaping methods according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described shaping methods can be additionally used in the slender spindle like shaping of pear tree, peach tree.
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| CN107347569A (en) * | 2017-09-01 | 2017-11-17 | 李国梁 | A kind of Qiaoization Fuji apple tree body control hat trimming and finishing method |
| CN108476974A (en) * | 2018-04-10 | 2018-09-04 | 宁夏万齐农业股份有限公司 | Loud, high-pitched sound hybridizes the inoculation method of apple with autumn richness |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN105613185B (en) | 2018-04-03 |
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