CN106613611B - Rapid culture method for high-yield trees of early-bearing walnuts - Google Patents
Rapid culture method for high-yield trees of early-bearing walnuts Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rapid culture method of high-yield trees of early bearing walnuts, which comprises the steps of carrying out field planting on selected young trees according to the density of 4-6 m of plant spacing and 4-6 m of row spacing, reserving 3-4 branches above 60cm on a central trunk in the second year or the third year of young tree planting to be cultured into a first layer of main branches, selecting 2-3 branches above the first layer of main branches to be cultured into a second layer of main branches in the third year or the fourth year of young tree planting, selecting 2 branches above the second layer of main branches to be cultured into a third layer of main branches in the fourth year or the fifth year of young tree planting, simultaneously culturing 4 first-level lateral branches on the first layer of main branches, culturing 2-3 first-level lateral branches on the second layer of main branches, and culturing 2 first-level lateral branches on each branch of the third layer of main branches. Compared with the traditional shaping and pruning, the growth period of tree body culture is shortened by 2-3 years, a high-yield tree body structure can be cultured by planting for 4-5 years, the yield is increased by 117%, and the method has good economic benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit tree planting, and particularly relates to a rapid culture method for high-yield trees of early-bearing walnuts.
Background
The early bearing walnuts have the advantages of early bearing, strong yielding, thin peel, high commodity-price value, small tree body and convenient picking. At present, early bearing walnuts are widely popularized and planted in all parts of the country, but for a long time, because the cultivation management technology of fruit growers is not implemented in a follow-up manner, the construction income of walnut gardens is greatly reduced, particularly, the delay of high-yield tree body cultivation seriously limits the single-plant yield of walnuts and the exertion of the whole forest ecological benefits of walnut gardens, and in the existing walnut cultivation, the following defects are easy to occur in the shaping and pruning: firstly, most of the trees grow to a certain shape and structure, then the trees are shaped and pruned, the ventilation and light transmission problems of the trees are solved by adjusting and arranging the distribution of the main branches roughly and thinning dense branches, back branches, dead branches, overlapped branches, cross branches, parallel branches and the like, the shaping and pruning are difficult to be organically combined with the growth of the trees, the combination degree is not high, the traditional shaping and pruning generally neglects cultivation of the side branches due to over-emphasis on the integral pruning of the tree shape to influence the yield, the traditional shaping and pruning time and mode are not suitable for the industrialized development of walnuts, the conventional walnut shaping and pruning needs to be pruned after the growth of years, the number of the branches is large, the difficulty of the branch selection process and pruning operation is increased, the pruning quantity is large, the trees are difficult to receive in the actual production, the nutrient consumption of the whole pruning is large, and the influence on the growth of root systems is large, the cut is large and the healing time of the cut is long. Therefore, it is objectively needed to develop a rapid cultivation method for high-yield early-bearing walnuts with clear tree layers, which can improve the space utilization rate among plants, shorten the tree growth time and increase the total amount of fruiting parts and fruiting branches.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the background art, the invention aims to provide a rapid culture method of early bearing walnuts high yield trees, which has clear tree layers, can improve the space utilization rate among plants, shorten the growth time of the trees and increase the total amount of bearing parts and bearing branches.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a rapid culture method of high-yield trees of early bearing walnuts comprises the following steps:
①, field planting, namely selecting young trees which grow robustly and have more than 3 branches in the central trunk and the tree age of 2-4 years, and carrying out field planting on the selected young trees according to the density of 4-6 m of plant spacing and 4-6 m of row spacing;
② cultivation of the first layer of main branches, in the second or third year of sapling planting, keeping 3-4 branches with trunk height above 60cm on the central trunk, removing all the rest branches on the central trunk, cultivating the 3-4 reserved branches into the first layer of main branches, wherein the included angle between the upper and lower adjacent main branches on the first layer of main branches is 90-120 degrees, the distance between the upper and lower adjacent main branches is 20cm, simultaneously performing short-cut on the central trunk at a position 30-35 cm above the topmost main branch of the first layer of main branches, cultivating the first layer of main branch structure by concentrating time and nutrient supply, and the 1 st bud below the cut of the short-cut is towards the main windward direction;
③ culturing second layer of main branches, namely selecting 2-3 robust branches at a position 100-150 cm away from the top branch of the first layer of main branches on a central trunk in the next year of culturing the first layer of main branches, culturing the second layer of main branches, removing all the rest branches, cutting the central trunk at a position 30-35 cm above the top branch of the second layer of main branches, culturing the second layer of main branch structure by special items of concentration time and nutrient supply, and allowing the 1 st bud below the cut of;
④ culturing third layer of main branches, namely selecting 2 robust branches at a position 80-100 cm away from the top branch of the second layer of main branches on a central trunk in the next year of culturing the second layer of main branches to culture the third layer of main branches, wherein the included angle between two adjacent main branches on the third layer of main branches is 90-120 degrees, the distance between two adjacent main branches is 20cm, and the main branches on the third layer of main branches are mutually distributed in a staggered manner with the main branches on the second layer of main branches and the first layer of main branches;
⑤ culturing side branches, wherein the side branches are the main parts of the walnut high-yield tree structure and the yield increase, in the next year of culturing the first layer of main branches, the main branches of the first layer of main branches are cut short, 2 primary side branches are respectively cultured on each main branch of the first layer of main branches, in the next year of culturing the second layer of main branches, the main branches of the first layer of main branches are cut short again, 2 primary side branches are respectively cultured on each main branch of the first layer of main branches, simultaneously, each main branch of the second layer of main branches is cut short, 2-3 primary side branches are respectively cultured on each main branch of the second layer of main branches, in the next year of culturing the third layer of main branches, each main branch of the third layer of main branches is cut short, 2 primary side branches are respectively cultured on each main branch of the third layer of main branches, and the primary side branches are separated from each other among the first layer of main branches, the second layer of main branches and the third layer of main branches and are staggered;
and finishing the tree form culture of the high-yield trees of the early bearing walnuts by the shaping and pruning of the steps.
Furthermore, 3-4 branches reserved on the first layer of main branches are located at the position of 60-120 cm or 80-150 cm of the height of the central trunk.
Further, when the central trunk, the first layer of main branches, the second layer of main branches and the third layer of main branches are thinned or chopped, branches smaller than 2cm are cut from the base parts of the branches by pruning shears, branches larger than 2cm are thinned from the base parts of the branches by a hacksaw, the lower parts of the branches are sawed first, and then the branches are sawed from top to bottom, so that barks are prevented from being torn when the branches are thinned, and a protective agent is timely smeared on wounds with overlarge cuts.
In the growth process of the walnut tree, according to the growth forming sequence and the forming time of the tree structure, the proper and reasonable technology is purposefully applied to promote the tree structure components to grow and form at reasonable positions respectively, and branches which are unreasonably distributed or too densely distributed are removed in time, so that the cultivation efficiency of the high-yield tree structure is improved, the growth period of the young tree and the high-yield tree is shortened, the crown is rapidly enlarged, the total amount of fruiting parts and fruiting branches is increased, and the space utilization rate among plants is improved. The tree body cultured according to the method has the advantages that the structure, the crown width, the tree height and the like can reasonably utilize the space between the row spacing of the trees, the tree body is clear in layer and firm in structure, the lateral branch spacing is small, the number of the lateral branches is large and robust, the purpose of reducing the tree height without reducing the yield is achieved, the purpose and the operation sequence of culturing the high-yield tree body are clarified, the growth consumption of the trimmed branches is reduced, the utilization rate of nutrients is improved, compared with the traditional trimming, the growth period of the tree body is shortened by 2-3 years, the high-yield tree body structure can be cultured by planting for 4-5 years, and the yield is increased by more than 117%. The cultivation method is simple, the ventilation and light transmission of the tree body are good, the main branches grow uniformly, the spacing is reasonable, the tree body grows robustly, the safety production of walnut harvesting is facilitated, and the economic benefit is very good.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not intended to be limiting in any way, and any modifications or alterations based on the teachings of the present invention are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
the method for rapidly culturing the high-yield trees of the early bearing walnuts comprises the following steps:
① field planting, selecting young trees with strong growth, more than 3 branches in the central trunk and 2 years old, planting the selected young trees according to the density of 4m of plant spacing and 4m of row spacing, wherein the planting mode can be configured according to Chinese character 'pin', rectangle and square;
② cultivation of the first layer of main branches, namely, on 12 days in 2 months of the second year of sapling planting, keeping 3 branches with the trunk height of 60-120 cm on the central trunk, completely removing the rest branches on the central trunk, cultivating the 3 reserved branches into the first layer of main branches, wherein the included angle between the upper main branch and the lower main branch on the first layer of main branches is 90 degrees, the distance between the upper main branch and the lower main branch is 20cm, simultaneously performing short-cut on the central trunk at a position which is 30cm above the topmost main branch of the first layer of main branches, specifically cultivating the first layer of main branch structure by concentrating time and nutrient supply, and the 1 st bud below the cut opening faces to the main windward direction;
③ cultivation of second layer of main branches, selecting 2 robust branches on the central trunk at a position 100cm away from the top of the top main branch of the first layer of main branches on the central trunk at 22 days 3 months in the third year of sapling planting, cultivating into second layer of main branches, removing the rest branches, cutting the central trunk at a position 35cm above the top main branch of the second layer of main branches, concentrating time and nutrient supply special items to cultivate first layer of main branch structure, wherein the 1 st bud below the cut of the cut faces to the main windward direction;
④ culturing third layer of main branches, namely selecting 2 robust branches at 80cm above the topmost branch of the second layer of main branches on the central trunk on day 1/3 of the fourth year of sapling planting, culturing to form the third layer of main branches, wherein the included angle between the two adjacent main branches at the top and bottom of the third layer of main branches is 90 degrees, the distance between the two adjacent main branches at the top and bottom is 20cm, and the main branches on the third layer of main branches are mutually distributed in a staggered manner with the main branches on the second layer of main branches and the first layer of main branches;
⑤ cultivation of lateral branches, wherein the lateral branches are the main points and the main positions for increasing yield in the walnut high-yield tree structure, in the next year of cultivation of the first layer of main branches, each main branch of the first layer of main branches is subjected to short-cut, 2 primary lateral branches are respectively cultivated on each main branch of the first layer of main branches, the short-cut cultivation distance of the first layer of main branches is 80cm, the distance between two cultivated primary lateral branches and a central branch is 50cm, in the next year of cultivation of the second layer of main branches, in 3-5 months of the fourth year of young trees, each main branch of the first layer of main branches is subjected to short-cut again, 2 primary lateral branches are respectively cultivated on each main branch of the first layer of main branches, the distance between 2 primary lateral branches and a trunk is 150cm, meanwhile, each main branch of the second layer of main branches is subjected to short-cut, 2 primary lateral branches are respectively cultivated on each main branch of the second layer of main branches, the distance between the central branches is 40cm, the germination of each primary lateral branch and the growth of the first layer of the second main branch is promoted, three layers of the first layer of the first main branches are respectively cultivated, three layers of the short-2 lateral branches are respectively, the short-2 short-cut short branches are respectively cultivated on each main branches, the three layers of the first layer of the main branches, the first layer of the first main branches are controlled according to the three layers of the main branches, the three layers of the short branches, the short branches are cultivated in the three layers of the first layer of the first main branches, the first layer of the first main branches, the short branches, the first layer of the short branches are respectively, the;
and finishing the tree form culture of the high-yield trees of the early bearing walnuts by the shaping and pruning of the steps.
The walnut tree structure cultured according to the embodiment 1 has clear tree body layers, firm structure, strong side branches, good ventilation and light transmission of the tree body, uniform main branches and reasonable intervals, and can be cultured into a high-yield tree structure after 4 years of planting, compared with the traditional shaping and pruning, the pruning working hours are saved by 70 percent, the tree culture growth period is shortened by 3 years, the yield is increased by 120 percent, the yield of the cultured 4-year-old walnut tree is equivalent to the index of the yield of the 8-year-old walnut tree after shaping and pruning, the tree body is dwarfed, the picking of fruits is facilitated, the cultured open-heart-shaped walnut tree is 3-4 m high, the evacuated layered-shaped tree is 5-6 m high, the walnut trees begin to carry fruits in the third year of planting, the branching force of the main branches is strong, and the important characteristics of the early-grown walnuts are all, therefore, on the basis of the culture contents, besides the main branches and the side branches are carefully controlled, the secondary branches are well cultured, Utilizing the bare-grown branches, thinning the dense branches and treating the lower back branches.
Example 2
The fast cultivation method of the high-yield tree body of the early bearing walnut comprises the following steps:
① field planting, selecting strong young tree with more than 3 branches in the central trunk and 3 years old, and field planting the selected young tree according to the density of 5m plant spacing and 5m row spacing;
② cultivation of the first layer of main branches, namely, in 30 days 2 months in the second year of sapling planting, keeping 4 branches with the trunk height of 80-150 cm on the central trunk, completely removing the rest branches on the central trunk, cultivating the 4 reserved branches into the first layer of main branches, wherein the included angle between the upper main branch and the lower main branch on the first layer of main branches is 110 degrees, the distance between the upper main branch and the lower main branch is 20cm, simultaneously performing short-cut on the central trunk at a position 32cm above the topmost main branch of the first layer of main branches, cultivating the second layer of main branch structure by concentrating time and nutrient supply, and the 1 st bud below the cut of the short-cut is towards the main windward direction;
③ cultivation of second layer of main branches, selecting 3 robust branches in a distance of 100-150 cm from the top of the top main branch of the first layer of main branches on the central trunk at 10 days 2 months in the third year of sapling planting, cultivating the branches into the second layer of main branches, removing all the other branches, cutting the central trunk at a position 35cm above the top main branch of the second layer of main branches, cultivating the second layer of main branch structure by special items of concentrated time and nutrient supply, and enabling the 1 st bud below the cut of the cut to face the main windward direction;
④ culturing third layer of main branches, namely selecting 2 robust branches at a position, which is 80-100 cm away from the top main branch of the second layer of main branches, on the central trunk on 2 months and 2 days of the fourth year of sapling planting, culturing the branches to form the third layer of main branches, wherein the included angle between the upper and lower adjacent main branches on the third layer of main branches is 90-120 degrees, the distance between the upper and lower adjacent main branches is 20cm, and the main branches on the third layer of main branches, the second layer of main branches and the main branches on the first layer of main branches are distributed in a staggered manner;
⑤ cultivation of lateral branches, wherein the lateral branches are the main points and the main positions for yield increase in the walnut high-yield tree structure, in the next year of cultivation of the first layer of main branches, each main branch of the first layer of main branches is subjected to short-cut, 2 first-level lateral branches are respectively cultivated on each main branch of the first layer of main branches, the short-cut cultivation distance of the first layer of main branches is 90cm, the distance between 2 first-level lateral branches and a central branch is 60cm, in the fourth year of field planting of young trees, each main branch of the first layer of main branches is subjected to short-cut again, in the fourth year of field planting of the young trees, each main branch of the first layer of main branches is subjected to short-cut again, in the first layer of main branches, 2 first-level lateral branches are respectively cultivated on each main branch of the first layer of main branches, the distance between 2 first-level lateral branches and a trunk is 180cm, in the next year of cultivation of the second layer of main branches, each main branch of the second layer of main branches is subjected to short-cut, 3 first-level lateral branches are respectively cultivated on each main branch of the second layer of main branches, the first-level lateral branches, the three-level lateral branches are cultivated, the germination of the first-level lateral branches is controlled according to the three-level short-up, the three-level short-up to the three-level short-up cultivation of the first-level main branches, the short-up cultivation of the first-up short branches, the first-level short branches, the three-level short-up short branches, the short-level short-up of the short-level short branches, the first main branches are controlled when the short branches are cultivated first-level short branches, the short-level;
and finishing the tree form culture of the high-yield trees of the early bearing walnuts by the shaping and pruning of the steps.
The walnut tree structure cultured according to the embodiment 2 has clear tree body layers, firm structure, strong side branches, good ventilation and light transmission of the tree body, uniform main branches and reasonable intervals, and can be cultured into a high-yield tree body structure after being planted for 5 years, compared with the traditional shaping and pruning, the pruning working hours are saved by 68%, the tree body culture growth period is shortened by 2 years, the yield is increased by 153%, the yield of 5-year-old trees is equivalent to the index of the yield of 9-year-old trees after shaping and pruning, the tree body is dwarfed, the picking of fruits is facilitated, the cultured open-heart-shaped trees are 3-4 m high, the evacuated layered-shaped trees are 5-6 m high, the bearing of the walnuts starts to be carried out in the third year of planting at the same time, the branching force of the main branches is strong, and the important characteristics of the early-fruiting walnuts are all, therefore, on the basis of the culture contents, the secondary branches and the secondary branches are carefully controlled, the main branches and the side branches, Utilizing the bare-grown branches, thinning the dense branches and treating the lower back branches.
Example 3:
the embodiment of the invention provides a rapid culture method of high-yield trees of early bearing walnuts, which comprises the following steps:
① field planting, selecting young trees with strong growth, more than 3 branches in the central trunk and 4 years old, and field planting the selected young trees according to the density of 6m plant spacing and 6m row spacing;
② cultivation of the first layer of main branches, namely, on 16 days 2 months in the third year of sapling planting, reserving 4 branches with the trunk height of more than 60cm on the central trunk, completely removing the rest branches on the central trunk, cultivating the reserved 4 branches into the first layer of main branches, wherein the included angle between the upper and lower adjacent main branches on the first layer of main branches is 120 degrees, the distance between the upper and lower adjacent main branches is 20cm, simultaneously, the central trunk is chopped at the position 35cm above the topmost main branch of the first layer of main branches, the second layer of main branch structure is cultivated by concentrating time and supplying nutrients, and the 1 st bud below the cutting opening of the short-cut is towards the main windward direction;
③ cultivation of second layer of main branches, wherein the side branches are the main parts of the walnut high yield tree body structure and the main parts for increasing yield, 3 branches which grow strongly are selected on the central trunk at a distance of 150cm above the topmost main branch of the first layer of main branches at 3 months and 20 days of the fourth year of young tree planting, the second layer of main branches are cultivated, the rest branches are all removed, the included angle between the upper and lower adjacent main branches on the second layer of main branches is 120 degrees, the distance between the upper and lower adjacent main branches is 20cm, the main branches on the second layer of main branches and the main branches on the first layer of main branches are distributed in a staggered manner, meanwhile, the central trunk is cut at a position of 35cm above the topmost main branch of the second layer of main branches, the second layer of main branch structure is cultivated by special items of concentrated time and nutrient supply, and the 1 st bud below the cut opening faces to the main windward direction;
④ culturing third layer of main branches, namely selecting 2 robust branches at 100cm position on the central trunk away from the top branch of the second layer of main branches at day 1/3 of the fifth year of young tree planting, culturing to form the third layer of main branches, wherein the included angle between the two adjacent main branches at the top and bottom of the third layer of main branches is 120 degrees, the distance between the two adjacent main branches at the top and bottom is 20cm, and the main branches on the third layer of main branches are mutually distributed in a staggered manner with the main branches on the second layer of main branches and the first layer of main branches;
⑤ cultivation of lateral branches, wherein the lateral branches are the main points and the main parts for increasing yield in the walnut high-yield tree structure, in the next year of cultivation of the first layer of main branches, each main branch of the first layer of main branches is subjected to truncation, 2 primary lateral branches are respectively cultivated on each main branch of the first layer of main branches, the truncation cultivation distance of the first layer of main branches is 100cm, the distance between two primary lateral branches and a central trunk is 60cm, in the next year of cultivation of the second layer of main branches, each main branch of the first layer of main branches is subjected to truncation again, 2 primary lateral branches are respectively cultivated on each main branch of the first layer of main branches, the distance between 2 primary lateral branches and a trunk is 200cm, simultaneously, each main branch of the second layer of main branches is subjected to truncation, 2 primary lateral branches are respectively cultivated on each main branch of the second layer of main branches, 2 primary lateral branches are 60cm from the central trunk, in the next year of cultivation of the third layer of main branches, germination of each main branch on each main branch of the first layer of main branches is promoted, three layers of the first layer of main branches are subjected to germination promotion, three layers of germination of the first lateral branches are controlled according to the three layers of the first layer of the first lateral branches, the lateral branches are controlled by the three layers of the first layer of the lateral branches, the lateral branches are controlled by the lateral branches, the;
and finishing the tree form culture of the high-yield trees of the early bearing walnuts by the shaping and pruning of the steps.
The walnut tree structure cultured according to the embodiment 3 has clear tree body layers, firm structure, strong side branches, good ventilation and light transmission of the tree body, uniform main branches and reasonable intervals, and can be cultured into a high-yield tree body structure after being planted for 5 years, compared with the traditional shaping and pruning, the pruning working hours are saved by 63%, the tree body culture growth period is shortened by 2 years, the yield is increased by 138%, the yield of 5-year-old cultured walnuts is equivalent to the index of the yield of 9-year-old trimmed trees, the tree body is dwarfed, the picking of fruits is facilitated, the height of the cultured open-heart-shaped trees is 3-4 m, the height of the evacuated layered-shaped trees is 5-6 m, meanwhile, bearing of walnuts starts in the third year of planting, the branching force of the main branches is strong, and the important characteristics of early-grown walnuts are all the early-grown walnuts, therefore, on the basis of the culture contents, besides the main branches and the side branches, secondary branches are carefully controlled, Utilizing the bare-grown branches, thinning the dense branches and treating the lower back branches.
In the operation of the methods of the above examples 1, 2 and 3, it should be noted that when branches on the first layer of main branches, the second layer of main branches and the third layer of main branches are thinned, the cut surfaces of the thinned branches are parallel to the central trunk and are cut close to the base of the branches, the cuts of all the thinned branches are smooth and small, no stubbles are left, no cut cortex is torn, when the central trunk is cut short, the pith part of the walnut branches is large and easy to dehydrate and dry, the short cut is about 1cm away from the 1 st bud below the cut, the cut is perpendicular to the axis of the branches, no matter the branches are thinned or cut short, when the branches smaller than 2cm are cut from the base of the branches by using a pruning shear, the branches larger than 2cm are thinned from the base of the branches by using a steel saw, the lower parts of the branches are sawed first, then the branches are sawed from top to bottom, so as to avoid tearing the bark when the branches are thinned, and the cuts are coated with a protective agent in time, in addition, the main branches are cut short by pruning shears according to the culture positions of 1 and 2 primary side branches or 3 and 4 primary side branches at proper time after fruit picking, and pinching or twig cutting is carried out when the main branches grow to a length which is less than the length of the short section and is to be grown to a position which is 10-20 cm higher than the position of the side branch needing to be cultured.
In summary, the following steps: the cultivation of the high-yield tree body is an important technology in walnut cultivation management, is particularly important for young trees and fruit trees bearing fruits reasonably, ensures that the crown has good ventilation and light transmission conditions, and has important significance for ensuring the robust growth of the young trees, promoting the high yield of early fruits, maintaining the good balance between the vegetative growth and the fruiting, and laying a good foundation for the high yield, stable yield, high quality and long life of adult trees.
Claims (3)
1. A rapid culture method for high-yield trees of early bearing walnuts is characterized by comprising the following steps:
①, field planting, namely selecting young trees which grow robustly and have more than 3 branches in the central trunk and the tree age of 2-4 years, and carrying out field planting on the selected young trees according to the density of 4-6 m of plant spacing and 4-6 m of row spacing;
② cultivation of the first layer of main branches, in the second or third year of sapling planting, keeping 3-4 branches with trunk height above 60cm on the central trunk, removing all the rest branches on the central trunk, cultivating the 3-4 reserved branches into the first layer of main branches, wherein the included angle between the upper and lower adjacent main branches on the first layer of main branches is 90-120 degrees, the distance between the upper and lower adjacent main branches is 20cm, simultaneously performing short-cut on the central trunk at a position 30-35 cm above the topmost main branch of the first layer of main branches, cultivating the first layer of main branch structure by concentrating time and nutrient supply, and the 1 st bud below the cut of the short-cut is towards the main windward direction;
③ culturing second layer of main branches, namely selecting 2-3 robust branches at a position 100-150 cm away from the top branch of the first layer of main branches on a central trunk in the next year of culturing the first layer of main branches, culturing the second layer of main branches, removing all the rest branches, cutting the central trunk at a position 30-35 cm above the top branch of the second layer of main branches, culturing the second layer of main branch structure by special items of concentration time and nutrient supply, and allowing the 1 st bud below the cut of;
④ culturing third layer of main branches, namely selecting 2 robust branches at a position 80-100 cm away from the top branch of the second layer of main branches on a central trunk in the next year of culturing the second layer of main branches to culture the third layer of main branches, wherein the included angle between two adjacent main branches on the third layer of main branches is 90-120 degrees, the distance between two adjacent main branches is 20cm, and the main branches on the third layer of main branches are mutually distributed in a staggered manner with the main branches on the second layer of main branches and the first layer of main branches;
⑤ culturing side branches, wherein the side branches are the main parts of the walnut high-yield tree structure and the yield increase, in the next year of culturing the first layer of main branches, the main branches of the first layer of main branches are cut short, 2 primary side branches are respectively cultured on each main branch of the first layer of main branches, in the next year of culturing the second layer of main branches, the main branches of the first layer of main branches are cut short again, 2 primary side branches are respectively cultured on each main branch of the first layer of main branches, simultaneously, each main branch of the second layer of main branches is cut short, 2-3 primary side branches are respectively cultured on each main branch of the second layer of main branches, in the next year of culturing the third layer of main branches, each main branch of the third layer of main branches is cut short, 2 primary side branches are respectively cultured on each main branch of the third layer of main branches, and the primary side branches are separated from each other among the first layer of main branches, the second layer of main branches and the third layer of main branches and are staggered;
and finishing the tree form culture of the high-yield trees of the early bearing walnuts by the shaping and pruning of the steps.
2. The rapid culture method of the high-yield trees of the early bearing walnuts as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rapid culture method comprises the following steps: 3-4 main branches reserved on the first layer of main branches are located at the position of 60-120 cm or 80-150 cm of the height of the central trunk.
3. The rapid culture method of the high-yield trees of the early bearing walnuts as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rapid culture method comprises the following steps: when the central trunk, the first layer of main branches, the second layer of main branches and the third layer of main branches are thinned or chopped, branches smaller than 2cm are cut from the base of the branches by pruning shears, branches larger than 2cm are thinned from the base of the branches by a hacksaw, the lower parts of the branches are sawed first, and then the branches are sawed from top to bottom, so that barks are prevented from being torn when the branches are thinned, and a protective agent is timely smeared on a wound with an overlarge cut.
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| CN104160906A (en) * | 2014-07-25 | 2014-11-26 | 镇江万山红遍农业园 | Peach tree shaping and trimming method |
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| CN104160906A (en) * | 2014-07-25 | 2014-11-26 | 镇江万山红遍农业园 | Peach tree shaping and trimming method |
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