CN107646401B - Pruning and shaping method for red snow pears - Google Patents
Pruning and shaping method for red snow pears Download PDFInfo
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a pruning and shaping method of red snow pears, which comprises the following steps: 1) determining a tree structure according to the type of the ground; 2) adjusting the distance and distribution of the branch groups; 3) light-transmitting and ventilation treatment; 4) and (4) pruning different branches. The invention provides a pruning and shaping method of red snow pears in a targeted manner, which ensures light and light transmission by determining a tree structure from the type of a site and scientifically adjusting the distance and distribution of branch groups and matching with pruning of different branch groups, so that the obtained red snow pears are compact in tree shape and reasonable in branch group arrangement, not only effectively utilize space, but also maximally enable fruit trees to obtain the most suitable growth space, ventilate and transmit light, and greatly improve the quality of the red snow pears on the basis of effectively improving the result rate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of cultivation and management of red snow pears, and particularly relates to a pruning and shaping method of red snow pears.
Background
The Weishan mountain red snow pears are a special late-maturing pear variety in Weishan mountain, are commonly called 'winter snow pears', grow in mountain areas and semi-mountain areas at high altitude, have the characteristics of wide adaptability, strong tree vigor, strong stress resistance and the like, can mature only after a long growth period, are fresh, bright, transparent and bright in nature, are in a rouge color, are thin and juicy, are fragrant and sweet and easy to store and are famous, and the first high-quality late-maturing pears in Yunnan are obtained by the characteristics of freshness, beauty, fragrance and sweetness. Wei Shanhong snow pears are storage-resistant, regular in fruit, large in fruit size, bright in color, sweet and crisp and rich in water, so that the Weishan hong snow pears are more and more popular and concerned.
However, in the red snow pear planting management process, the problem of pruning and shaping is particularly prominent because the growth cycle of the red snow pears is long. The existing research reports of pruning and shaping of pear trees are numerous, but red and snow pears are pruned according to the pruning theory in the prior art, the obtained effect is disappointed, and the method has a plurality of problems, not only is the fruiting rate low and the fruit quality poor, but also the crown is closed, the light transmittance is poor, the space utilization is unreasonable, and the situations of difficult management, high production cost and low economic benefit are caused.
Therefore, in order to overcome the defects, the invention needs to invent a pruning and shaping method for red snow pears.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a red snow pear pruning and shaping method.
The object of the invention is achieved by the following steps:
1) determining a tree structure according to the type of the ground:
A. when the type of the vertical land is ridge, flat land and sunny slope land, the main branches of the tree are divided into 2 layers, and the distance between the 1 st layer and the 2 nd layer is 1.2-1.5 m;
B. when the type of the vertical land is a concave land or a negative slope land, 1 layer of main branches of the tree body is reserved, 3 main branches are reserved on each layer, and 3 auxiliary side branches are reserved on each main branch;
2) adjusting the distance and distribution of the branch groups:
the branch group with the length exceeding 80cm is a large branch group, and the distance between the large branch groups is required to be more than 80 cm;
the branch group with the length of 30-80cm is a medium-sized branch group, and the required distance between the medium-sized branch groups is more than 60 cm;
the branch group with the length of 15-30cm is a small branch group, and the required distance between the small branch groups is more than 40 cm;
wherein the minimum distance between each branch group is more than 10 cm;
3) light transmission and ventilation treatment: opening an optical channel, wherein the distance between the row optical channels is more than 1m, and the distance between the plant optical channels is more than 40 cm;
4) pruning different branches:
A. extending branches: keeping the extension along the direction of the extension branch, and pruning according to the growth condition of the branch;
B. growing bare branches: pruning according to the principle of empty leaving and secret removing;
C. downward hanging branches: retracting after 30 cm;
D. carrying out back branching: the empty space is reserved densely, and the space is reserved when the empty space is reserved, but 30cm of space is reserved for retraction; no vacancy is removed;
E. carrying out back branching: the empty space is reserved densely, and the space is reserved when the empty space is reserved, but 30cm of space is reserved for retraction; no vacancy is removed;
F. weak branches: retracting and restoring;
G. branches to be thoroughly removed: dense branches, serious insect-pest branches, dry and withered branches, cross branches and overlapping branches;
H. chicken claw branches: 2, 3, 2 and 5, 3, and redundant removal.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention provides a pruning and shaping method of red snow pears in a targeted manner, which ensures light and light transmission by determining a tree structure from the type of a site and scientifically adjusting the distance and distribution of branch groups and matching with pruning of different branch groups, so that the obtained red snow pears are compact in tree shape and reasonable in branch group arrangement, not only effectively utilize space, but also maximally enable fruit trees to obtain the most suitable growth space, ventilate and transmit light, and greatly improve the quality of the red snow pears on the basis of effectively improving the result rate.
2. The pruning method is simple and easy to popularize, can enable workers in a production place to be skillfully mastered, effectively improves pruning efficiency, is suitable for pruning the red snow pears in various types of the vertical places, and effectively solves the problems of disordered tree shapes, reduced yield and low fruit quality caused by uncertain pruning positioning in the prior art.
3. The trimming method provided by the invention has the advantages that the wound is few, the nutrient substance consumption is high, the trimming saw cut and the trimming cut are controlled, the later growth is facilitated, and the wound healing can be promoted.
4. The pruned red snow pear tree has a good tree shape and is convenient to manage, the distance between each type of branch group and the distance between the branch groups are strictly controlled, further, the three types of branch groups are promoted to cooperatively grow by circularly arranging each type of branch group and arranging each branch group in a wavy manner, the problem that the existing middle and small branch groups are easy to weaken is avoided, the fruit growth is facilitated, and the management in the growing period and the picking of later-period fruits can be facilitated.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not intended to be limiting in any way, and any modifications or alterations based on the teachings of the present invention are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention.
The trimming and shaping method of the red snow pears comprises the following steps:
1) determining a tree structure according to the type of the ground:
A. when the type of the vertical land is ridge, flat land and sunny slope land, the main branches of the tree body are divided into 2 layers, and the distance between the 1 st layer and the 2 nd layer is 1.2-1.5 m;
B. when the type of the vertical land is a concave land or a negative slope land, 1 layer of main branches of the tree body is reserved, 3 main branches are reserved on each layer, and 3 auxiliary side branches are reserved on each main branch;
2) adjusting the distance and distribution of the branch groups:
the branch group with the length exceeding 80cm is a large branch group, and the distance between the large branch groups is required to be more than 80 cm;
the branch group with the length of 30-80cm is a medium-sized branch group, and the required distance between the medium-sized branch groups is more than 60 cm;
the branch group with the length of 15-30cm is a small branch group, and the required distance between the small branch groups is more than 40 cm;
wherein the minimum distance between each branch group is more than 10 cm;
3) light transmission and ventilation treatment: opening an optical channel, wherein the distance between the row optical channels is more than 1m, and the distance between the plant optical channels is more than 40 cm;
4) pruning and shaping of different branches:
A. extending branches: keeping the extension along the direction of the extension branch, and pruning according to the growth condition of the branch;
B. growing bare branches: pruning according to the principle of empty leaving and secret removing;
C. downward hanging branches: retracting after 30 cm;
D. carrying out back branching: the empty space is reserved densely, and the space is reserved when the empty space is reserved, but 30cm of space is reserved for retraction; no vacancy is removed;
E. carrying out back branching: the empty space is reserved densely, and the space is reserved when the empty space is reserved, but 30cm of space is reserved for retraction; no vacancy is removed;
F. weak branches: retracting and restoring;
G. branches to be thoroughly removed: dense branches, serious insect-pest branches, dry and withered branches, cross branches and overlapping branches;
H. chicken claw branches: 2, 3, 2 and 5, 3, and redundant removal.
In the step (1), 3-4 main branches are reserved on the layer 1 in the step A, the base angle is 50-60 degrees, the waist angle is 70-80 degrees, and the tip angle is 45-50 degrees; 2 main branches are reserved on the layer 2, and the south-north branches are preferentially reserved.
And (3) intercepting the part of the bearing branches of the branch group in the step (2), wherein the bearing branches are 40-60cm long and the part of the bearing branches is longer than 60 cm.
The branch groups in the step (2) are distributed on the main branches or the auxiliary side branches in a circulating mode in sequence according to a large branch group, a small branch group, a medium branch group, a small branch group and a large branch group.
The branch groups in the step (2) are arranged on the main branches or the auxiliary side branches in a wave shape of high-low-high, high-low-high.
The pruning of the growth condition of the visual branches of the extension branches in the step (4) specifically comprises the following steps: keeping a 60cm cut with the length exceeding 60cm, and paying attention to the following steps during cutting: the branches grow vertically and are cut at the position 0.8-1.2 cm in front of the lower back-selected buds, and the branches grow flatly and are cut at the position 0.8-1.2 cm in front of the upper back-selected buds.
The pruning of the spindly branches in the step (4) according to the principle of empty leaving and removing is specifically as follows:
(1) culturing a large branch group: when the large branch group is vacant, bare branches are left when vacant positions are vacant or when the branches are pulled to the vacant positions, long branches are placed below 60cm in length, and cut at a length of more than 60 cm; cutting the branch which grows flatly at a position 1cm in front of the upper back bud, and cutting the branch which grows vertically at a position 1cm in front of the lower back bud;
(2) culturing medium-sized branch groups: when the medium branch group is vacant, bare branches are left in the vacant positions or when the branches are pulled to the vacant positions, no flower buds are thrown, and flower buds retract at the position with the length of 40 cm;
(3) culturing small branch groups: when the small branch group is vacant, a bare branch is left in the vacant position or when the branch is pulled to the vacant position, no flower bud is thrown, and the flower bud retracts at the position with the length of 30 cm.
The trimming saw kerf for trimming and shaping is required to be an inclined plane, the horizontal distance between the upper saw kerf and the lower saw kerf is 0.5-2cm, the saw kerf is smooth, and barks cannot be torn.
The pruning cut for pruning and shaping is required to be at an angle of 40-50 degrees at a position 0.4-0.6 cm above the bud, and the cut is smooth.
The shaping method of pruning and shaping comprises one or more of pulling, hanging, supporting and internal bud external treading.
And (3) winter pruning: the position is as right as possible; summer shearing: reserving germinated branch buds; looking at flowers, fruits, growth potential and conditions of the field; the extension branches are trimmed to avoid folding, and the original extension direction of the extension branches cannot be changed after trimming.
The red snow pear is the Wei mountain red snow pear.
Example 1
A pruning and shaping method of red snow pears comprises the following steps:
1) determining a tree structure according to the type of the ground:
A. when the type of the vertical land is ridge, flat land and sunny slope land, the main branches of the tree are divided into 2 layers, and the distance between the 1 st layer and the 2 nd layer is 1.2 meters; 3 main branches are reserved on the layer 1, the base angle is 50 degrees, the waist angle is 70 degrees, and the tip angle is 45 degrees; 2 main branches are reserved on the layer 2, and the south-north branch is reserved preferentially;
B. when the type of the vertical land is a concave land or a negative slope land, 1 layer of main branches of the tree body is reserved, 3 main branches are reserved on each layer, and 3 auxiliary side branches are reserved on each main branch;
2) adjusting the distance and distribution of the branch groups:
the branch groups with the length exceeding 80cm are large branch groups, and the distance between the large branch groups is required to be 80 cm;
the branch group with the length of 30-80cm is a medium branch group, and the required distance between the medium branch groups is 60 cm;
the branch groups with the length of 15-30cm are small branch groups, and the required distance between the small branch groups is 40 cm;
wherein the minimum distance between each branch group is 10 cm; intercepting the part of the bearing branch which is 40-60cm long and is longer than 60 cm;
the branch groups are distributed on the main branch or the auxiliary side branch in a circulating way according to the sequence of the large branch group, the small branch group, the medium branch group, the small branch group and the large branch group.
The branch groups are arranged in a wave shape of high-low-high, high-low-high on the main branch or the auxiliary side branch.
3) Light transmission and ventilation treatment: opening an optical channel, wherein the distance between the row optical channels is more than 1m, and the distance between the plant optical channels is more than 40 cm; (keeping the light passage with the width of more than 1m between the rows of the red snow pear trees and the light passage with the width of more than 40cm between the plants)
4) Pruning different branches:
A. extending branches: keeping the extension along the direction of the extension branch, and pruning according to the growth condition of the branch; keeping a 60cm cut with the length exceeding 60cm, and paying attention to the following steps during cutting: the branch grows flatly and is cut at the position 0.8cm in front of the upper bud of the selected back, and the branch grows vertically and is cut at the position 0.8cm in front of the lower bud of the selected back.
B. Growing bare branches: pruning according to the principle of empty leaving and secret removing;
(1) culturing a large branch group: when the large branch group is vacant, bare branches are left when vacant positions are vacant or when the branches are pulled to the vacant positions, long branches are placed below 60cm in length, and cut at a length of more than 60 cm; the branch grows flatly and is cut at the position 1cm in front of the upper back bud, and the branch grows vertically and is cut at the position 1cm in front of the lower back bud.
(2) Culturing medium-sized branch groups: when the medium branch group is vacant, a bare branch is left in the vacant position or when the branch is pulled to the vacant position, no flower bud is thrown, and the flower bud retracts at the position with the length of 40 cm.
(3) Culturing small branch groups: when the small branch group is vacant, a bare branch is left in the vacant position or when the branch is pulled to the vacant position, no flower bud is thrown, and the flower bud retracts at the position with the length of 30 cm.
C. Downward hanging branches: retracting after 30 cm;
D. carrying out back branching: the empty space is reserved densely, and the space is reserved when the empty space is reserved, but 30cm of space is reserved for retraction; no vacancy is removed;
E. carrying out back branching: the empty space is reserved densely, and the space is reserved when the empty space is reserved, but 30cm of space is reserved for retraction; no vacancy is removed;
F. weak branches: retracting and restoring;
G. branches to be thoroughly removed: dense branches, serious insect-pest branches, dry and withered branches, cross branches and overlapping branches;
H. chicken claw branches: 2, 3, 2 and 5, 3, and redundant removal.
The trimming saw kerf for trimming and shaping is required to be an inclined plane, and the horizontal distance between the upper saw kerf and the lower saw kerf is 0.5 cm. The saw cut is slippery and the bark cannot be torn. The trimming cut of the trimming and shaping is required to be at an angle of 40 degrees at a position 0.4cm above the bud, and the cut is smooth and can not be hairy. The pruning and shaping method comprises the steps of pulling, hanging, supporting and external treading of the inner buds.
Example 2
A pruning and shaping method of red snow pears comprises the following steps:
1) determining a tree structure according to the type of the ground:
A. when the type of the vertical land is ridge, flat land and sunny slope land, the main branches of the tree are divided into 2 layers, and the distance between the 1 st layer and the 2 nd layer is 1.5 meters; 4 main branches are reserved on the layer 1, the base angle is 60 degrees, the waist angle is 80 degrees, and the tip angle is 50 degrees; 2 main branches are reserved on the layer 2, and the south-north branch is reserved preferentially;
B. when the type of the vertical land is a concave land or a negative slope land, 1 layer of main branches of the tree body is reserved, 3 main branches are reserved on each layer, and 3 auxiliary side branches are reserved on each main branch;
2) adjusting the distance and distribution of the branch groups:
the branch groups with the length exceeding 80cm are large branch groups, and the distance between the large branch groups is required to be 90 cm;
the branch group with the length of 30-80cm is a medium branch group, and the required distance between the medium branch groups is 70 cm;
the branch groups with the length of 15-30cm are small branch groups, and the required distance between the small branch groups is 50 cm;
wherein the minimum distance between each branch group is 12 cm; intercepting the part of the bearing branch which is 40-60cm long and is longer than 60 cm;
the branch groups are distributed on the main branch or the auxiliary side branch in a circulating way according to the sequence of the large branch group, the small branch group, the medium branch group, the small branch group and the large branch group.
The branch groups are arranged in a wave shape of high-low-high, high-low-high on the main branch or the auxiliary side branch.
3) Light transmission and ventilation treatment: opening an optical channel, wherein the distance between the row optical channels is more than 1m, and the distance between the plant optical channels is more than 40 cm;
4) pruning different branches:
A. extending branches: keeping the extension along the direction of the extension branch, and pruning according to the growth condition of the branch; keeping a 60cm cut with the length exceeding 60cm, and paying attention to the following steps during cutting: the branch grows flatly and is cut at the position 1.2cm in front of the upper back bud, and the branch grows vertically and is cut at the position 1.2cm in front of the lower back bud.
B. Growing bare branches: pruning according to the principle of empty leaving and secret removing;
(1) culturing a large branch group: when the large branch group is vacant, bare branches are left when vacant positions are vacant or when the branches are pulled to the vacant positions, long branches are placed below 60cm in length, and cut at a length of more than 60 cm; the branch grows flatly and is cut at the position 1cm in front of the upper back bud, and the branch grows vertically and is cut at the position 1cm in front of the lower back bud.
(2) Culturing medium-sized branch groups: when the medium branch group is vacant, a bare branch is left in the vacant position or when the branch is pulled to the vacant position, no flower bud is thrown, and the flower bud retracts at the position with the length of 40 cm.
(3) Culturing small branch groups: when the small branch group is vacant, a bare branch is left in the vacant position or when the branch is pulled to the vacant position, no flower bud is thrown, and the flower bud retracts at the position with the length of 30 cm.
C. Downward hanging branches: retracting after 30 cm;
D. carrying out back branching: the empty space is reserved densely, and the space is reserved when the empty space is reserved, but 30cm of space is reserved for retraction; no vacancy is removed;
E. carrying out back branching: the empty space is reserved densely, and the space is reserved when the empty space is reserved, but 30cm of space is reserved for retraction; no vacancy is removed;
F. weak branches: retracting and restoring;
G. branches to be thoroughly removed: dense branches, serious insect-pest branches, dry and withered branches, cross branches and overlapping branches;
H. chicken claw branches: 2, 3, 2 and 5, 3, and redundant removal.
The trimming saw kerf for trimming and shaping is required to be an inclined plane, and the horizontal distance between the upper saw kerf and the lower saw kerf is 2 cm. The saw cut is slippery and the bark cannot be torn. The trimming cut of the trimming and shaping is required to be at an angle of 50 degrees at a position 0.6cm above the bud, and the cut is smooth and can not be hairy. The pruning and shaping method comprises the steps of pulling, hanging, supporting and external treading of the inner buds.
Example 3
A pruning and shaping method of red snow pears comprises the following steps:
1) determining a tree structure according to the type of the ground:
A. when the type of the vertical land is ridge, flat land and sunny slope land, the main branches of the tree are divided into 2 layers, and the distance between the 1 st layer and the 2 nd layer is 1.4 meters; 4 main branches are reserved on the layer 1, the base angle is 55 degrees, the waist angle is 75 degrees, and the tip angle is 48 degrees; 2 main branches are reserved on the layer 2, and the south-north branch is reserved preferentially;
B. when the type of the vertical land is a concave land or a negative slope land, 1 layer of main branches of the tree body is reserved, 3 main branches are reserved on each layer, and 3 auxiliary side branches are reserved on each main branch;
2) adjusting the distance and distribution of the branch groups:
the branch group with the length exceeding 80cm is a large branch group, and the required distance between the large branch groups is more than 100 cm;
the branch group with the length of 30-80cm is a medium-sized branch group, and the required distance between the medium-sized branch groups is more than 80 cm;
the branch group with the length of 15-30cm is a small branch group, and the required distance between the small branch groups is more than 60 cm;
wherein the minimum distance between each branch group is 15 cm; intercepting the part of the bearing branch which is 40-60cm long and is longer than 60 cm;
the branch groups are distributed on the main branch or the auxiliary side branch in a circulating way according to the sequence of the large branch group, the small branch group, the medium branch group, the small branch group and the large branch group.
The branch groups are arranged in a wave shape of high-low-high, high-low-high on the main branch or the auxiliary side branch.
3) Light transmission and ventilation treatment: opening an optical channel, wherein the distance between the row optical channels is more than 1m, and the distance between the plant optical channels is more than 40 cm;
4) pruning different branches:
A. extending branches: keeping the extension along the direction of the extension branch, and pruning according to the growth condition of the branch; keeping a 60cm cut with the length exceeding 60cm, and paying attention to the following steps during cutting: the branch grows flatly and is cut at the position 1cm in front of the upper back bud, and the branch grows vertically and is cut at the position 1cm in front of the lower back bud.
B. Growing bare branches: pruning according to the principle of empty leaving and secret removing;
(1) culturing a large branch group: when the large branch group is vacant, bare branches are left when vacant positions are vacant or when the branches are pulled to the vacant positions, long branches are placed below 60cm in length, and cut at a length of more than 60 cm; the branch grows flatly and is cut at the position 1cm in front of the upper back bud, and the branch grows vertically and is cut at the position 1cm in front of the lower back bud.
(2) Culturing medium-sized branch groups: when the medium branch group is vacant, a bare branch is left in the vacant position or when the branch is pulled to the vacant position, no flower bud is thrown, and the flower bud retracts at the position with the length of 40 cm.
(3) Culturing small branch groups: when the small branch group is vacant, a bare branch is left in the vacant position or when the branch is pulled to the vacant position, no flower bud is thrown, and the flower bud retracts at the position with the length of 30 cm.
C. Downward hanging branches: retracting after 30 cm;
D. carrying out back branching: the empty space is reserved densely, and the space is reserved when the empty space is reserved, but 30cm of space is reserved for retraction; no vacancy is removed;
E. carrying out back branching: the empty space is reserved densely, and the space is reserved when the empty space is reserved, but 30cm of space is reserved for retraction; no vacancy is removed;
F. weak branches: retracting and restoring;
G. branches to be thoroughly removed: dense branches, serious insect-pest branches, dry and withered branches, cross branches and overlapping branches;
H. chicken claw branches: 2, 3, 2 and 5, 3, and redundant removal.
The trimming saw kerf for trimming and shaping is required to be an inclined plane, and the horizontal distance between the upper saw kerf and the lower saw kerf is 1 cm. The saw cut is slippery and the bark cannot be torn. The trimming cut of the trimming and shaping is required to be at an angle of 45 degrees at a position 0.5cm above the bud, and the cut is smooth and can not be hairy. The pruning and shaping method comprises the steps of pulling, hanging, supporting and external treading of the inner buds.
Claims (4)
1. A pruning and shaping method for Weishan red snow pears is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) determining a tree structure according to the type of the ground:
A. when the type of the vertical land is ridge, flat land and sunny slope land, the main branches of the tree body are divided into 2 layers, and the distance between the 1 st layer and the 2 nd layer is 1.2-1.5 m; 3-4 main branches are reserved on the layer 1, the base angle is 50-60 degrees, the waist angle is 70-80 degrees, and the tip angle is 45-50 degrees; 2 main branches are reserved on the 2 nd layer, and south-north branches are reserved;
B. when the type of the vertical land is a concave land or a negative slope land, 1 layer of main branches of the tree body is reserved, 3 main branches are reserved on each layer, and 3 auxiliary side branches are reserved on each main branch;
2) adjusting the distance and distribution of the branch groups:
the branch group with the length exceeding 80cm is a large branch group, and the distance between the large branch groups is required to be more than 80 cm;
the branch group with the length of 30-80cm is a medium-sized branch group, and the required distance between the medium-sized branch groups is more than 60 cm;
the branch group with the length of 15-30cm is a small branch group, and the required distance between the small branch groups is more than 40 cm;
wherein the minimum distance between each branch group is more than 10 cm; the bearing branches of the branch group are 40-60cm long, and the part longer than 60cm is intercepted; the branch groups are distributed on the main branch or the auxiliary side branch according to the sequential circulation arrangement of a large branch group, a small branch group, a medium branch group, a small branch group and a large branch group, and the branch groups are arranged on the main branch or the auxiliary side branch in a wave shape of high-low-high, high-low-high;
3) light transmission and ventilation treatment: opening an optical channel, wherein the distance between the row optical channels is more than 1m, and the distance between the plant optical channels is more than 40 cm;
4) pruning and shaping of different branches:
A. extending branches: keeping the extension along the direction of the extension branch, keeping 60cm of cutting length exceeding 60cm, and paying attention to the cutting: cutting the branches vertically at a position 0.8-1.2 cm in front of the lower buds on the selected back, and cutting the branches horizontally at a position 0.8-1.2 cm in front of the upper buds on the selected back;
B. growing bare branches: pruning according to the principle of empty retention and density removal, specifically:
(1) culturing a large branch group: when the large branch group is vacant, bare branches are left when vacant positions are vacant or when the branches are pulled to the vacant positions, long branches are placed below 60cm in length, and cut at a length of more than 60 cm; cutting the branch which grows flatly at a position 1cm in front of the upper back bud, and cutting the branch which grows vertically at a position 1cm in front of the lower back bud;
(2) culturing medium-sized branch groups: when the medium branch group is vacant, bare branches are left in the vacant positions or when the branches are pulled to the vacant positions, no flower buds are thrown, and flower buds retract at the position with the length of 40 cm;
(3) culturing small branch groups: when the small branch group is vacant, bare branches are left in the vacant positions or when the branches are pulled to the vacant positions, no flower bud is thrown, and the flower bud retracts at the position with the length of 30 cm;
C. downward hanging branches: retracting after 30 cm;
D. carrying out back branching: the empty space is reserved densely, and the space is reserved when the empty space is reserved, but 30cm of space is reserved for retraction; no vacancy is removed;
E. carrying out back branching: the empty space is reserved densely, and the space is reserved when the empty space is reserved, but 30cm of space is reserved for retraction; no vacancy is removed;
F. weak branches: retraction and rejuvenation;
G. branches to be thoroughly removed: dense branches, serious insect-pest branches, dry and withered branches, cross branches and overlapping branches;
H. chicken claw branches: 2, 3, 2 and 5, 3, and redundant removal.
2. The trimming and shaping method according to claim 1, wherein the trimming notches of the trimming and shaping are required to be inclined planes, the horizontal distance between the upper notch and the lower notch is 0.5-2cm, the notches are smooth, and the bark cannot be torn.
3. The trimming and shaping method according to claim 1, wherein the trimming and shaping is performed by cutting the cut at an angle of 40 to 50 degrees at a position 0.4 to 0.6cm above the bud, and the cut is smooth.
4. The trimming and shaping method according to claim 1, wherein the trimming and shaping method comprises one or more of pulling, hanging, supporting and internal bud external pushing.
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