JP2012125213A - Method for producing fig fruit - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide technologies for facilitating germination of figs and enlargement of fig fruits, and avoiding damage to figs caused by frost, sunburn, insect pests, etc.SOLUTION: This invention relates to a method for trimming and pruning a fig tree and a method for producing fig fruits by using the method. A main limb in one direction for the next year is composed of two or fewer one-year-old branches in total and a branch for supporting them by adding one more one-year-old branch growing from a part separated from a main trunk, if necessary, to one one-year-old branch of the current year growing from the vicinity of the main trunk. By repeating the process every year, the whole main limb is retained and renewed in a state of within 3 years after the growth. In this way, all the one-year-old branches are made to directly grow from a two-year-old branch part of the main limb, and a one-year-old branch as a candidate for the main limb is temporarily induced to an angle at which the branch is hardly frostbitten.

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for producing fig fruit by the pruning method of figs for the purpose of providing techniques for promoting fig germination and fruit enlargement and avoiding damage to figs caused by frost damage, sunburn, pests and the like.

  In fig cultivation, a tree shape called “cup-shaped branching” in FIG. 1 has long been adopted. That is, a basic skeleton of the tree is formed by branching the main branch (2) from the main trunk (1), which is the root part of the tree, and the sub-main branch (3) from the main branch, and is derived from this skeleton. Make the fruit grow on the branch (5) for one year. The pruning is performed after the harvesting is finished, and the yearly branch is cut back briefly, or the yearly branch or the branch from which the yearly branch is derived is thinned out. In this way, the first year branch of the next year is newly generated from the first year branch of the previous year, and this is repeated to establish annual fruit production.

  On the other hand, in the fig cultivation field where aging is progressing, a tree shape that can be expected to save labor is demanded, and a tree shape that regularly derives a one-year branch at regular intervals from the main branch is increasing. Of these, the most popular is the single-character branch (FIG. 2), and the tree (2) generated from the main trunk (1) or the branch (4) generated from the branch is linearly arranged. The main branches that form the skeleton are formed, from which the annual branches (5) are regularly derived to form fruits. Basically, two main branches are arranged on the left and right sides of the main trunk, and there are cases where only one main branch is provided on one side for convenience of cultivation.

  FIG. 3 is called “H-shaped branching”, in which two branches generated from the main trunk (1) are further branched in two directions (2) or branches (4) generated from these branches are linearly arranged. The main branches that form the skeleton of the tree are formed by the branches, and the annual branches (5) are regularly derived to form fruits. The number of main branches is basically four, but the number may vary depending on the cultivation. In addition, the main branches of the H-type branching may be arranged radially from the main trunk, and this tree shape is called “X-type branching”. However, since the appearance is similar, it can be considered as one form of “H-type branching”. Furthermore, it is also possible to cultivate the main branches of single-letter branches and H-shaped branches from a high position and induced to a tree shape similar to grape shelf cultivation (FIGS. 4 and 5).

  Pruning in these tree shapes is performed by cutting (turning back) the annual branch to a few centimeters from the occurrence position, and the annual branch of the next year is generated from the branch. However, the shorter the branches cut, the later one year the germination of the annual branches tends to be delayed, and the fruit ripening is also delayed. In addition, in shelf cultivation, there is a problem that the fruit becomes dwarfed.

  In addition, since only one-year branches are removed by pruning, old branches after the second-year branches remain and enlarge. As a result, the proportion of parts that are not involved in fruit production increases and the uneconomical tree structure deteriorates year by year, and the skeleton branches are damaged by insects such as beetle insects, frost damage by cold, sunburn, etc. Is likely to cause debilitating damage. In particular, the damage from frost damage has been remarkable in recent years, and this is thought to be due to the return of the warm winter tendency due to global warming and weakening cold resistance in early spring. In addition, frost damage is more susceptible to damage to horizontal branches, and the spread of single-letter branches and H-shaped branches that form a horizontal skeleton further promotes the frost damage of figs.

  Patent Literature 1 discloses a shelf for fig cultivation, but does not describe a specific cultivation method.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-31

Akihisa Sumimoto. 1986. Physiological and ecological studies on the pruning method of figs, especially the newly developed one-pitch pruning method. Hyogo Agricultural Research Report: 1-88.

  It is an object of the present invention to provide a technique for promoting the germination and fruit enlargement of figs and avoiding the damage of figs caused by frost damage, sunburn, pests and the like.

  The inventor has devised a new pruning method for figs that solves the above problems, has verified its effectiveness, and has arrived at the present invention.

The present invention provides a method for producing fig fruits by the following fig pruning method.
Item 1. Only one annual branch of the current year that occurs from the vicinity of the main trunk constitutes the main branch in one direction for the next year, and other branches that do not support the one-year branch are excised at the time of pruning, and this is repeated every year. A method for producing fig fruits, comprising cultivating figs and harvesting fruits by a pruning method of figs, wherein the main branches are renewed and the whole main branches are maintained in a state within 2 years after generation.
Item 2. In addition to one annual branch of the current year that occurs from the vicinity of the main trunk, another one annual branch that originates from a part away from the main trunk, a total of two annual branches and their supporting branches Fig pruning method of pruning figs, which constitutes the main branch of the direction, cuts off the other branches at the time of pruning, repeats this every year to update the main branch and keep the whole main branch within 3 years after occurrence A method for producing fig fruits, comprising cultivating figs and harvesting the fruits.
Item 3. Item 3. The method for producing fig fruits according to Item 1 or Item 2, wherein the main branches of the whole tree consist of branches that are three-year branches or younger than three-year branches, and all the one-year branches are generated directly from the second-year branches of the main branches. .
Item 4. The term for the first year branch to be bent and attracted to the required angle as the main branch of the next year is after the spring of the following year, and the winter period until then is suspended or suspended. The production method of the fig fruit in any one of 1-3.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, damage, such as the freezing damage which tends to arise in the horizontal part of the main branch of a fig tree, can be prevented, the fruit harvesting start time can be advanced, and fruit enlargement can be promoted especially in shelf one-character straight-chain cultivation.

  The effects will be described in detail below.

1) In the conventional pruning fig tree, the horizontal part of the branch is susceptible to frost damage, but with the pruning method of the present invention, the majority of the branches can be placed vertically, waiting for the time when there is no risk of frost damage. Therefore, it is structurally effective to avoid frost damage.
2) The skeleton of the fig tree can be damaged by longhorn beetles and sunburns, and even after several years, it may die, but if this pruning method is used, the damaged part can be renewed every year, and actual damage can be avoided. .

3) The pruning method of the present invention does not cut back the harvested one-year branch, but can use a two-year branch as a long result branch. Compared to the conventional pruning method using a short result branch. Thus, germination is early and fruit ripening starts earlier.
4) When the present invention is applied to a shelf-one-character fig, it is possible to produce a larger fruit than a conventional one-character fig. Although the mechanism of hypertrophy promotion is unknown at present, it is thought that the present invention can always update the skeleton of the tree and suppress the accumulation of old and thick timber parts.

It is a front schematic diagram of the existing “cup-shaped branching” in FIG. It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the existing “one-character tail branch” in FIG. It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of an existing “H-shaped branch” in FIG. It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a tree shape in which the existing “one-character branching” in fig cultivation is modified to shelf cultivation by raising the position of the main branch, and is a form of “one-character branching”. In the present invention, this is referred to as “shelf one-character branching”. It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a tree shape in which the existing “H-type branching” in FIG. Cultivation is modified to raise the position of the main branch and “shelf cultivation” is one form of “H-type branching”. In the present invention, this is referred to as “shelf H-shaped branching”. It is the schematic diagram which showed the contrast with the conventional form (upper stage) and some embodiment (lower stage) of this invention, in order to show the definition about the age and name of a branch, taking "one-letter branch" in fig cultivation as an example. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a conventional form in contrast to various contemplated embodiments with respect to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a conventional form in contrast to various contemplated embodiments with respect to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a conventional form in contrast to various contemplated embodiments with respect to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a conventional form in contrast to various contemplated embodiments with respect to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a conventional form in contrast to various contemplated embodiments with respect to the present invention. In order to show one embodiment of the present invention by taking "one-character branching" in fig cultivation as an example, it is a schematic diagram showing the branching and pruning method in comparison with the conventional form. It is a fig 'Saoi Dofin' (lower stage) cultivated by combining the shelf single letter arrangement and the present invention, and hypertrophy and coloring were promoted compared to the conventional form (upper stage).

In this specification, the following definitions are used (see FIG. 6).
“Trunking and pruning”: “Trunking” is the work of arranging tree branches and creating a tree shape, and the branching includes the attraction work of artificially bending and fixing the branches. Further, “pruning” indicates an operation of cutting a branch for the purpose of branching, and both are collectively referred to as “branching pruning”.
“One year branch”: refers to a branch (S) within one year of occurrence, on which the fruit (f) of FIG. The first year branch basically originates from the second year branch in terms of plant physiology. The first-year branch is sometimes referred to as “new tree”, “current year branch”, or “result branch” because it indicates the establishment or role of the branch.
“Two-year branch”: The previous year is a one-year branch and refers to a branch (a) that is 1 year or more and less than 2 years from the occurrence. In the present invention, it is one of the branches left after pruning. In order to indicate the formation and role of a branch, it may be referred to as “previous branch” or “result mother branch”.
“Third-year branch”: The previous year is a two-year branch and refers to a branch (b) that is 2 years or more and less than 3 years from the occurrence. In the present invention, it is another branch left after pruning. Hereinafter, 4th year branch (c), 5th year branch (d), 6th year branch ... and so on.
"Main trunk": The trunk portion (T) of the fig tree.
“Main branch”: A branch generated from a main trunk or a branch generated from those branches, which is a branch constituting a skeleton of a tree. The former may be expressed as a main branch and the latter as an extended branch. As shown in the example of conventional single-character branching (the upper part of FIG. 6), the main branches extending in the required number of directions from the main trunk (T) are generally formed by one continuous branch (M). . However, in the embodiments of the present invention, as shown in the lower part of FIG. 6, the main branch is substantially composed of a two-year branch (a) or a three-year branch (b) and is two years close to the main trunk (T). There is a form in which branches and three-year branches overlap, but in the present invention, all are defined as forming a unidirectional main branch. It should be noted that the meaning of “substantially” here means that, for the sake of pruning, the 4-year branch (c), 5-year branch (d),... Although it is included, the portion over 4 years is a very short state.
"Fig": means fig tree.
"Fig fruit": The portion of the fig that is edible is referred to herein as "Fig fruit" or simply "fruit".

  In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a method for producing fig fruit by a fig pruning method. In other words, it is a technique for producing fruits by generating all the one-year branches directly from the main branch. Therefore, the main branch is composed of only two-year branches that are generated from the vicinity of the main trunk. Alternatively, if the length of the main branch cannot be satisfied with only the two-year branches that occur from the vicinity of the main trunk, another two-year branch is secured from the vicinity of the tip of these two-year branches to provide support. The main branch is composed only of branches including the three-year branch. And, by repeating the pruning to renew these main branches every year, the age structure of the main branches can always be maintained in a young state of 3 years or less, and the one-year branches with fruit can be generated directly from the main branches. This is a feature of the embodiment of the present invention.

  Since the main branch can be maintained in a young state, various merits arise. For example, the young main branch can be bent easily, so that the main branch can be vertically or drooped during the cold season and attracted to the required angle when there is no need to worry about chilling. It is also a feature of the present invention to provide a technique that can avoid this. Also, even if frost damage, insect damage such as a long-horned beetle, sunburn, etc., the main branch is renewed every year, so there is no actual damage to the figs. In addition, the tree structure that generates a one-year branch from a long two-year branch will advance the maturity of the fruit with the germination of the one-year branch compared to the conventional one that shortens the two-year branch. Effects such as promotion of hypertrophy can be obtained.

  The process leading to the embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. FIGS. 7a to 7e show various possible embodiments in a pattern, and are based on one-character branching or shelf-one-character branching, so two main branches are shown. The number of main branches can be increased or decreased. Therefore, these patterns can be applied to H-type branching and X-type branching. It is possible to fit a cup-shaped branch, but the tree shape at this time is equivalent to an X-type branch.

  First, patterns (i) to (ri) schematically illustrate the process of pruning from the planting of seedlings to the fifth year. Fig seedlings generally have a single-branch shape, and for seedlings with a fixed planting year (one year old), the necessary number of annual branches are grown as main branch candidates while excising unnecessary shoots. In general, the branch (s1) as the main branch candidate is slanted and attracted horizontally in the next spring to become the main branch (M1) of the second year, and the fruit grows on the first year branch (S) that will be generated . In many cases, this main branch alone is less than the length of the main branch necessary as a tree-shaped skeleton, and therefore, the one-year branch generated from the tip of the main branch is defined as the main branch extension branch (s2). The same management as the main eye branch candidate is performed. In addition, although the H-shaped branch is not shown in the figure, the two first-year branches that are extended in the first year are culled in the course of expansion, and the sub-trees that will be generated in the future are extended by four each, for a total of four branches and After that, each main branch is secured in the same manner as a one-character branch for the required length as the main branch. However, the steps up to here are the same as the conventional pruning method of single-character pruning and H-type pruning, and the present invention is not involved.

  When the seedlings after planting grow smoothly, the practice of the present invention is applied from the winter of the second year. Among these, the pattern (b) shows the most simplified embodiment, and the conventional form as a contrast is the pattern (b), and all of them are implemented in a scene where the fig tree is not enlarged and densely planted. In the conventional pattern (I), the annual branch (S) that has finished harvesting fruit is cut short, and the operation for generating the first year branch (S) of the next year is repeated every year. ) Grows year by year without being updated. On the other hand, the pattern (b) leaves only one year branch (s1) near the main branch at the time of pruning, and repeats the operation of attracting it as the main branch of the next year every year, so that the main branch (M1) is 2 years. All 1-year branches (S) that are updated in the following state and become the result branches can be generated directly from the main branch. The pattern (c) shows the case where the main branch is tilted, and the rest is the same as the pattern (b).

  The pattern (e) indicates an embodiment that seems to be most frequently used in actual situations. In the case of the pattern (e), the tree needs to be larger than the pattern (b), so that the length of the main branch for the next year cannot be satisfied with only the one-year branch (s1) generated from the vicinity of the main trunk. Therefore, another 1-year branch (s2) is secured from the vicinity of the tip of the 2nd-year branch where the 1-year branch (s1) settles, and the 1st-year branch (s1 and s2) is attracted horizontally to the next fiscal year. This constitutes a main branch in one direction. Therefore, in the next year, the two-year branch and the third-year branch will overlap in the portion close to the main trunk of the main branch. After harvesting, unneeded branches are removed by pruning, leaving only the two-year branch of the stratified part and the one-year branch (s1, s2) generated from the vicinity of the main trunk and the tip part, and these are again used as the main branches of the next year By repeating the attracting operation every year, the age structure of the main branch can always be maintained in a state of 3 years or less. Since one-year branches can basically only occur from two-year branches, in this case as well, a form in which all one-year branches (S) are generated directly from the main branch can be realized. The pattern (d) is a conventional form that serves as a contrast to the pattern (e). Like the pattern (b), the main branches (M1, M2) are not updated and are enlarged year by year. The pattern (f) indicates a method in which the annual branch (s1, s2) that is a main branch candidate is attracted to a necessary angle in advance. Attraction is easier than pattern (e), but part of the present invention that prevents frost damage by changing the attraction angle of the branches depending on the season cannot be implemented.

  The pattern (h) is an embodiment with a shelf-one-character arrangement, and the contrasting form is the pattern (g), and a part thereof is shown in a plan view. The one-year branch (S) that causes the fruit to grow for shelf cultivation is arranged horizontally, but other management including the pruning method follows the pattern (e) and pattern (d), respectively. The pattern (li) is also the same shelf cultivation, but it is missing from the pattern (chi) in the form that the annual branch (s1, s2), which is the main branch candidate for the next year, is kept suspended for at least the cold period. That is, a part of the present invention, that is, a technique for preventing frost damage by changing the attracting angle of the branch according to the season is added. As an application of the pattern (i), not only the main branch candidate for the next year but also a form in which all the one-year branches are suspended can be assumed.

  Pattern (nu) shows a configuration in which the conventional pattern (d) is changed to pattern (e). The figure shows an example of a change in a fourth-year-old tree, but this change is also possible for a tree that has passed through the age. Thus, the method of the present invention can be applied immediately after cultivation, but the pruning method of the present invention is that the age of the main branch of a fig tree that has been pruned in a conventional manner within 2 years is within 3 years if it takes 2 years. It can be induced to the figs obtained in. Further, the pattern (L) is an accident and the like, and temporarily shifts to pruning pruning similar to the form of the present invention, and is shown as an example that does not correspond to the practice of the present invention.

  EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although this invention is demonstrated in detail according to an Example, it cannot be overemphasized that this invention is not limited to these Examples.

Example 1: Implementation and effect of the present invention on a single-character fig Fig. 7 according to the pattern (Fig. 7) of Fig. 7, an existing single-character fig 'Sakurai Dauphin' tree is transferred to the pruning method of the present invention and is not transferred. The occurrence of frost damage, growth of annual branches, fruit productivity, and the like were compared. On the right side of FIG. 8, the pruning and pruning method after shifting to the present invention is schematically shown in detail in comparison with the conventional form (left side of FIG. 8). The main branch (M) is composed of a total of four branches, two two-year branches that occur from the vicinity of the main trunk and two two-year branches that occur through the three-year branch that occurs from the main trunk. It is established with the form to do. At the time of pruning, select the 1 year branch that originated from the former, one near the main trunk (s1) and one at the tip (s2), a total of 2 (a total of 4 per tree). All unsupported parts, i.e., the former unnecessary one-year branch and the latter main branch and the branch (SM) derived therefrom, are excised. The four remaining one-year branches (3) are horizontally bent and used as the main branch (M) for the next year, and the operation for generating the first-year branch for the next year is repeated every year.
The results of the cultivation comparison test are as shown in Table 1. In the trees transferred to the present invention, the occurrence of frost damage was suppressed, and the annual leaf spreading was promoted. In addition, effects such as accelerated fruit ripening and fruit enlargement were obtained.

Example 2: Implementation and effect of the present invention on a shelf-letter fig fig Fig. Fig. 7 is a pruning method of the present invention on a fig 'Sugai Dauphin' tree that was cultivated in the pattern (g) in Fig. 7 The growth of one-year branches, fruit productivity, and the like were compared between the tree that was transferred to the pattern (7) and the tree that was not transferred to the pattern (g). The process of shifting from pattern (g) to pattern (h) was performed by applying the method shown in pattern (n) in FIG.
The results of the cultivation comparison test are as shown in Table 2, and the occurrence of frost damage was scarcely caused by the control tree, but in the tree transferred to the present invention, the leaf growth of the one-year branch was promoted. In addition, fruit ripening was accelerated, and in particular, effects such as promotion of enlargement of base fruit were obtained.

  In the production method by the pruning method of the present invention, it is possible to avoid a great risk that causes the fig to die, such as frost damage, sunburn, and damage of insects. It is difficult to predict weather changes that cause frost damage, and farmers need to carry out cold protection such as wrapping all trees with heat insulation materials every year. This pruning method can be carried out continuously every year, which can be expected to greatly reduce labor and cost for preventing cold damage.

  In the production method by the pruning method of the present invention, compared with the conventional pruning method using a short result mother branch, since the germination is early and the ripening of the fruit is accelerated, the shipment at a time when the market price is more advantageous is promoted. , Can contribute to increase sales by extending the harvest period. In addition, this production method can be used to improve the profitability of farmers, such as directly increasing the yield by increasing fruit enlargement. In addition, most figs produced in Japan are limited to the cultivar 'Sakurai Dauphin', which has the largest fruit, but there are many other varieties of figs that are more delicious than 'Sakurai Dauphin'. There are many varieties that have small fruits and are not popular. When the present invention is carried out on a shelf-lettered fig fig, an extremely large fruit can be produced as compared to the conventional one-lettered fig fig. It is thought to be related to excavation of varieties.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Main trunk 2 Main branch 3 Submain branch 4 Main branch extension branch 5 One-year branch T Main trunk M One-way main branch M1 Main branch extension branch S which arises from the main trunk vicinity as a one-way main branch M1 One-year branch s1 One-year branch s2 candidate for the next year M1 One-year branch SM candidate for the next year M2 One-way main branch and one-year branch a 2 years branch b 3 years branch c 4 years Branch d 5th year branch

Claims (4)

Only one annual branch of the current year that occurs from the vicinity of the main trunk constitutes the main branch in one direction for the next year, and other branches that do not support the one-year branch are excised at the time of pruning, and this is repeated every year. A method for producing fig fruits, comprising cultivating figs and harvesting fruits by a pruning method of figs, wherein the main branches are renewed and the whole main branches are maintained in a state within 2 years after generation. In addition to one annual branch of the current year that occurs from the vicinity of the main trunk, another one annual branch that originates from a part away from the main trunk, a total of two annual branches and their supporting branches Fig pruning method of pruning figs, which constitutes the main branch of the direction, cuts off the other branches at the time of pruning, repeats this every year to update the main branch and keep the whole main branch within 3 years after occurrence A method for producing fig fruits, comprising cultivating figs and harvesting the fruits. The fig fruit according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the main branches of the whole tree consist of branches that are three-year branches or younger than three-year branches, and all one-year branches are generated directly from the second-year branch part of the main branches. Production method. The first year branch is bent to the required angle as the main branch of the next year, and the time for attracting is taken from the spring of the following year, and the winter season until then is suspended or suspended. A method for producing the fig fruit according to any one of 3 above.

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