JP2007006847A - Method for cultivating, harvesting and processing agricultural product - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method that can exactly and safely carry out the harvesting/processing operations for bulbous vegetables such as scallion as well as can achieve a large labor saving. <P>SOLUTION: A net 20 is laid in the ground and seed scallions are planted on the net 20 and allowed to grow. At this time, the roots 31 growing from the scaly bulbs 30 pass through the meshes of the net 20 and expand into the ground, but the branched new/grown bulbs cannot pass through thus the root parts come together in the lower part of the net 20, while the bulbs 30 stay on the upper part of the net 20. Since the grown bulbs are fixed to the net 20 with their own roots 31, thus they can be easily harvested only by pulling up the net 20 from the ground. The harvested scallions are introduced into the processing device as the bulbs are fixed to the net 20, and the leaf and stem part 32 are cut off from the bulb part 30 with the rotary blades 47a, 42a set on the position apart from the net face by a prescribed distance. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for cultivating, harvesting, and adjusting a crop, in particular, a crop that can greatly save labor for harvesting and adjusting a bulb vegetable such as sea cucumber.

  The cultivation period of bulbous vegetables, especially sea cucumbers, is almost half a year, but in the series of processes such as planting, cultivation management, harvesting and adjustment work, the ratio of harvesting and adjustment work accounts for about 2/3 of the total work time. Yes. Furthermore, since this harvesting / adjustment work is concentrated at the end of the cultivation period, it is the biggest factor limiting the amount of production per farmhouse, and it has long been strongly desired to save labor in harvesting / adjustment work. ing.

  Adjustment work is the work of cutting roots and foliage mainly from harvested sea cucumbers, etc., and traditionally using a jig with a fixed blade, the operator presses the object against the blade and cuts it manually. The work by was done.

  However, in recent years, the demand for labor saving of farm work has been increasing due to the aging of farmers and the shortage of workers, and labor saving equipment such as transplanters, harvesters, and adjusters has been developed and sold. For example, Patent Document 1 has a description relating to “Raccoon transplanter”. Patent Document 2 has a description relating to a “bulb vegetable preparation machine”.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 08-000012 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-247974

  However, even when using labor-saving equipment as described above, in the most laborious adjustment work, it is necessary to manually supply the objects to be processed one by one to the adjustment machine. Only the same or inferior results were obtained compared to the case where adjustment was performed in the work. In addition, since it is difficult to accurately fix an object having a non-constant shape, there is a problem that the cutting position of roots and foliage is not constant, and stable quality cannot be obtained. Furthermore, safety problems have been pointed out, such as mechanical elements that may be harmful to the human body, such as blades and chains, placed close to the human body. For this reason, many of the conventional adjustment devices have not been widely used, and adjustment work has been performed manually by most farmers.

  Therefore, the problem to be solved by the present invention is that in the production of crops such as bulb vegetables, the harvesting and adjustment work that requires the most labor can be performed accurately and safely, and the labor saving of the crop that enables significant labor saving. It is to provide cultivation, harvesting and adjustment methods.

  A method for cultivating, harvesting, and adjusting a crop according to the first aspect of the present invention, which has been made to solve the above-described problems, includes: a) cultivation in which a net is laid in soil, and the crop is planted on the net and grown. And b) a harvesting step in which the crop fixed to the net by the elongated root is harvested by lifting the net from the soil; and c) a root and / or foliage from the crop in a state fixed to the net. And an adjusting step for cutting off.

  Here, the adjustment process may be performed after the harvest process is completed, or may be performed simultaneously with the harvest process. Further, in the above adjustment process, the cutting of the foliage can be performed before the harvest process.

  The method for cultivating, harvesting, and adjusting the agricultural product of the present invention can be suitably used particularly for cultivating, harvesting, and adjusting bulbous vegetables such as sea cucumber.

  The crop adjustment apparatus according to the second aspect of the present invention, which has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, is: a) a root and / or foliage of a crop cultivated on a net and harvested in a fixed state on the net A cutting means for cutting the portion at a position away from the net surface by a predetermined distance; and b) introducing means for continuously introducing the farm products together with the net into the cutting means.

  Here, the cutting means may be provided on only one side of the net surface, or may be provided on both sides of the net surface. When excising the root part of a crop, the above excision means is provided on the side where the root part of the crop exists (that is, the side that was down during cultivation), and when excising the foliage, the main part of the crop (other than the root part) Is provided on the side where the portion is present (that is, the side that was on at the time of cultivation). Further, when both the foliage part and the root part are excised, the excision means is provided on both sides of the net surface.

  According to the method for cultivating, harvesting, and adjusting the crop according to the first aspect of the present invention as described above, the harvesting / adjusting work that has been mainly performed manually until now and has occupied 2/3 of the total work time. It can be easily mechanized, and dramatic labor savings can be realized. As a result, the cultivation area can be greatly expanded, and as a result, bulbous vegetables such as sea cucumber can be provided at low cost.

  Furthermore, according to the crop adjustment device according to the second aspect of the present invention, the root and / or the foliage are excised at a position away from the net surface by a predetermined distance for the crop fixed to the net. This makes it possible to accurately determine the excision position of roots and foliage, thereby improving the quality stability.

  In the method for cultivating, harvesting, and adjusting the agricultural product of the present invention, when planting a crop, especially bulbous vegetables such as raccoon, a net is embedded at an appropriate depth in the field, and the crop is planted on the net. Here, by setting the size of the nets to be embedded appropriately, the roots of the crops pass through the eyes of the nets and spread into the ground. However, the crop body (bulb) propagates above the nets. As a border, the root grows downward, and the crop body to be harvested grows upward.

  In this way, since the crops are fixed to the net by the roots that have passed through the eyes of the net, it is possible to harvest the crop together with the net by lifting the net up from the edge of the straw at the time of harvest.

  In the case of bulbous vegetables such as sea cucumbers, the adjustment work is divided into two parts: excision of the root and excision of the foliage, and the foliage is removed by a sickle or an engine-type brush cutter before harvesting. There is a method of removing by a cutting mechanism provided in the harvester sometimes. Further, harvesting may be performed in the whole plant state of the stem and leaf portion + bulb portion + root portion, and the root portion and the stem and leaf portion may be removed by an adjustment device separately provided after harvesting. Moreover, about the root part, there are a method of cutting with a cutting mechanism provided in the harvester at the time of harvesting, and a method of harvesting with the whole grass state or the state where the foliage is removed, and cutting with a separate adjustment device after harvesting .

  The crop adjustment apparatus according to the present invention cuts the root and / or foliage from the crop fixed to the net, and may be provided separately from the harvester as described above. It is good also as what was comprised integrally. According to the crop adjustment apparatus according to the present invention, even if the adjustment is performed by any of the above methods, the crop is fixed to the net by its own root, so only by transporting the net by the introducing means, The object can be continuously supplied to the ablation means. Therefore, no manual labor is required, and in addition, when cutting the root and / or foliage, cutting is performed at a predetermined distance from the net surface, so that complicated and expensive equipment such as an image processing apparatus is used. Therefore, accurate and high-speed processing can be performed.

  An example in which the method for cultivating, harvesting, and adjusting the crop according to the present invention is applied to the production of sea cucumber will be described. FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view in the short-side direction showing the cocoon 10 immediately after planting a seed raccoon (bulb) 30. At the time of planting, a net 20 having a width approximately equal to or slightly larger than the stock width is embedded at an appropriate depth of the cocoon 10, and a seed raccoon 30 is planted thereon. Note that the depth at which the net 20 is embedded varies depending on the purpose of use and the variety of the crop to be cultivated, and therefore is determined based on the prescribed planting depth according to the variety of the crop.

  The net 20 has a stitch having a size that does not hinder the passage and development of the roots of the raccoon but does not allow the bulb portion to pass. Furthermore, it is desirable to use a material having a strength that can withstand the stress of harvesting and adjusting operations. For example, when it is used repeatedly for a plurality of years, it is desirable to use a net made of a synthetic resin, having a stitch size of about 2 mm to 10 mm and having a strength capable of withstanding the stress at the time of harvest. On the other hand, when disposable in a single year, the net 20 can be a non-woven fabric with a coarse texture to the extent that the roots can easily pass through, a net knitted with cotton yarn, or the like.

  In addition, in FIG. 1, the case where the cocoon 10 was provided in the agricultural field and two raccoons were planted to one cocoon 10 was shown, However, The presence or absence of a cocoon and the number of stripes are not limited to this. Moreover, in FIG. 1, although the net | network 20 which has the width | variety comparable as a stock width was used and this net | network 20 was embed | buried independently for every strip | line, the net | network which has the width | variety corresponded to multiple strip | lines was used. Then, a plurality of strips may be planted on one net.

  FIG. 2 shows a state in which the seed raccoon 30 planted on the net 20 has grown in the cocoon 10 of FIG. 1, and one bulb planted initially is divided into about 5 to 20 bulbs. In addition, the roots generated from the lower part of the bulb 30 in the growing process pass through the stitches of the net 20 and extend into the ground. The net 20 is the lower side of the root 31 and the upper side is the bulb 30 to be harvested. Is located. Further, a stem and leaf portion 32 extends from above the bulb portion 30.

  In this embodiment, before the harvesting operation is performed, the foliage 32 is removed in advance using a sickle, an engine-type brush cutter, or the like (FIG. 3). FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the principle of harvesting in the present embodiment. Since the grown raccoon is fixed to the net 20 by its own root as described above, it can be easily harvested by pulling up one end of the net 20.

  In addition, when using what has sufficient tensile strength as the net 20, it is possible to harvest the raccoon just by pulling the net 20 upward, but when using a nonwoven fabric or a net with insufficient tensile strength. May damage the net during harvesting. Therefore, in such a case, a bowl-like metal fitting is inserted under the object, and the action of giving vibration or digging up is used together, such as floating digging generally performed at the time of harvesting bulbs and root vegetables. It is desirable to harvest the net 20 without applying a strong stress to the net 20 by lifting the net 20.

  Next, the operation for adjusting the harvested rakkyo will be described. FIG. 5 is an example of an adjusting device that cuts off the root from the raccoon harvested in a state where the foliage 32 is previously removed and separates it from the net 20. The adjustment device is provided with rollers 41a and 41b for transporting the net 20, and the net 20 pulled up from the field by the harvesting operation is introduced into the adjustment device by the action of the rollers 41a and 41b.

  This adjusting device is provided with a root cutting mechanism 42 including a rotary blade 42a provided at a predetermined distance from the lower surface of the net 20 and a motor 42b (or engine) for driving the rotary blade 42a. . In the process of being transported by the rollers 41a and 41b, the raccoon pulled up from the field together with the net 20 is cut off at the root 31 by a rotary blade 42a arranged substantially parallel to the net surface. The root portion 31 excised at this time is accommodated in a root portion accommodation box 43 provided below the rotary blade 42a.

  The net 20 is further changed in direction and conveyed downward. At this time, since the root has already been excised by the root excision mechanism 42, the net 20 and the bulb portion 30 can be easily separated. Therefore, the bulb portion 30 (FIG. 7) from which the foliage portion 32 and the root portion 31 are removed is naturally separated from the net 20 by vibration and dropped and accommodated in the bulb portion accommodation box 44, and the net 20 is accommodated in the net accommodation box 45. Be contained. In order to more reliably separate the bulb portion 30 from the net 20, it is more desirable to provide a rod-like separation mechanism 46 in the traveling direction of the net 20 so as to prevent the movement of the bulb.

  Instead of the bulb portion storage box 44 and / or the root portion storage box 43, a bulb portion discharge mechanism and / or a root discharge mechanism including a belt conveyor or the like is provided, and the bulb portion and the root portion are removed from the adjustment device by the belt conveyor. It is good also as a structure discharged | emitted.

  FIG. 6 is a schematic configuration diagram illustrating an example in which a foliage excision mechanism 47 is added to the adjustment device (FIG. 5) according to the first embodiment. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected about the structure which is the same as that of Example 1, or respond | corresponds, and description is abbreviate | omitted suitably. The foliage excision mechanism 47 has a rotary blade 47a that is rotationally driven by a motor 47b (or engine), and the rotary blade 47a is located at a predetermined distance from the top surface of the net 20 and substantially parallel to the net surface. It is arranged to become. When such an adjusting device is used, it is not necessary to perform the excision work of the foliage portion 32 with a sickle, a brush cutter, or the like before harvesting, and the foliage portion 32, the bulb portion 30 and the root portion 31 are provided. Harvest in the whole state. The harvested raccoon is introduced into the adjusting device together with the net 20, and the foliage portion 32 is first excised by the foliage excision mechanism 47. Thereafter, as in the first embodiment, the root portion 31 is cut by the root cutting mechanism 42, and the bulb portion 30 (FIG. 7) separated from the net 20 is accommodated in the bulb portion storage box 44.

  The best mode for carrying out the present invention has been described above using the embodiments. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and various modifications are allowed within the scope of the present invention. . For example, in the method using a net having a plurality of strip widths as described above, since a plurality of bulbous vegetables are harvested in the width direction of the net, the adjustment device includes a root excision mechanism and / or a foliage excision mechanism. It is necessary to provide more than one according to the number of articles.

  In the above embodiment, the adjusting device is provided separately from the harvesting machine for lifting the net from the field. However, the adjusting device is constructed as a part of the harvesting machine, and the crop is produced with one device. It is also possible to perform both harvesting and adjustment.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The transversal direction sectional drawing which shows the wrinkle immediately after planting of the seed rakkyo in the 1st Example of this invention. It is a figure which shows the state before harvesting of a raccoon in the Example, (a) is a transversal direction sectional view of a cocoon, (b) is a longitudinal direction sectional view. The longitudinal cross-sectional view of the cocoon which shows the state which cut the foliage part before harvesting in the Example. The figure explaining the harvest principle of a raccoon in the Example. Schematic which shows the structure of the adjustment apparatus in the Example. The figure which shows the structure of the adjustment apparatus in the 2nd Example of this invention. The figure which shows the form of the rakkyo after adjustment.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... 畝 20 ... Net 30 ... Bulb part 31 ... Root part 32 ... Stem and leaf part 41a, 41b ... Roller 42 ... Root excision mechanism 42a ... Rotary blade 42b ... Motor 43 ... Root part accommodation box 44 ... Bulb part accommodation box 45 ... Net accommodation box 46 ... separation mechanism 47 ... foliage excision mechanism 47a ... rotary blade 47b ... motor

Claims (4)

a) a cultivation process in which a net is laid in the soil, and a crop is planted and grown on the net;
b) a harvesting process for harvesting the crop fixed to the net by elongated roots by lifting the net from the soil;
c) an adjustment process of excising the root and / or foliage from the crop fixed to the net;
A method for cultivating, harvesting and adjusting an agricultural product characterized by comprising:   2. The method for cultivating, harvesting and adjusting a crop according to claim 1, wherein the crop is a bulbous vegetable. a) excision means for excising a root and / or foliage of a crop cultivated on a net and harvested in a fixed state on the net at a position away from the net surface by a predetermined distance;
b) introduction means for continuously introducing the crops together with the net into the excision means;
A crop adjustment device comprising: The crop adjuster according to claim 3, wherein the crop is a bulb vegetable.

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