JP2021114926A - Plant cultivation device and plant cultivation method - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a plant cultivation device capable of pulling out plants in a cultivation container from soil or the like at one time; and to provide a plant cultivation method.SOLUTION: A plant cultivation device comprises: a box-like cultivation tank having an open face; and a net-like member. The net-like member is disposed in the cultivation tank in such a manner that the whole or part of the net-like member is not brought into contact with the bottom face of the cultivation tank, and is substantially parallel to the bottom face.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

The present invention relates to a plant cultivation apparatus and a cultivation method.

In plant cultivation, in order to replant, divide plants, harvest, etc., it is necessary to pull out the plants from the soil, etc., but pulling out the plants one by one is a very time-consuming task.
In order to save the trouble of such work, a harvesting device has been developed to easily and efficiently harvest crops. For example, a net-like net is laid in the soil and the crops are grown on the net. A harvesting device has been proposed to collect agricultural products together with the net.

Patent Document 1 discloses a method in which a net is sandwiched between pulling portions provided on an operation lever and the net is harvested together with the net, and an apparatus therefor.

Patent Document 2 discloses a bulb harvesting apparatus in which a bulb sandwiched between an upper net and a lower net is harvested together with the net, and the bulb is removed from the net by separating the upper net and the lower net. By connecting such a bulb harvesting device to a tractor or the like, harvesting work becomes easy even if the planted area is large.

As described above, in the harvesting apparatus described in Patent Documents 1 and 2, a net is laid in the soil and the net is rolled up in order, so that the harvesting operation of the plant can be made easier.

JP-A-2015-27272 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2019-30257

However, the harvesting apparatus described in Patent Documents 1 and 2 is suitable for harvesting plants directly planted in soil, and is difficult to use for harvesting plants cultivated in a cultivation container or the like due to its structure and size. Met.

The present invention has been made in view of such problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a plant cultivation apparatus and a plant cultivation method capable of pulling out plants in a cultivation container from soil or the like at once.

The present invention that solves the above problems
A box-shaped cultivation tank with an open surface and a plant cultivation device equipped with a net-like member.
The net-like member is arranged inside the cultivation tank so that all or a part of the net-like member does not come into contact with the bottom surface of the cultivation tank and is substantially parallel to the bottom surface.
A plant cultivation device provided with such a cultivation tank and a net-like member can pull up a plant from the cultivation tank at a time only by simply pulling up the net-like member.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a pulling means for pulling up the net-like member is further provided.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the pulling means includes a hook portion and a driving portion for driving the hook portion, and the hook portion is further installed on the open surface side of the cultivation tank by a support member.
By providing such a pulling means, the plant can be pulled up from the cultivation tank at once more easily.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the plant cultivation tank further includes a moving means for moving the pulling means substantially parallel to the open surface of the cultivation tank, and the moving means is the traveling direction of the pulling means. It is provided with a moving path for defining the above and a connecting portion for movably connecting the supporting member to the moving path.
By providing such a moving means, the pulling means can be moved to an arbitrary position and the net-like member can be pulled up.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the connecting portion is a wheel, the moving path is a rail, and the rail is arranged at an edge portion forming an open surface of the cultivation tank.
By providing such a moving means, the pulling means can be moved more easily.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the cultivation tank comprises a connecting member that can be connected to one or more other cultivation tanks.
By connecting the cultivation tanks with the connecting member, a plurality of cultivation tanks can be arranged without any gap.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the reticulated member is flexible.
With such a configuration, the net-like member bends at the time of pulling up, and excess soil adhering to plants or the like can be dropped.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the plant cultivation apparatus further includes at least one auxiliary member, and the auxiliary member is arranged below the net-like member.
By arranging the auxiliary member below the net-like member in this way, when the auxiliary member is pulled up, the net-like member can also be pulled up together, and damage to the net-like member due to the load at the time of pulling up can be suppressed.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the plant cultivation apparatus further includes a heating pipe, and at least a part of the heating pipe is arranged inside the cultivation tank.
With such a configuration, the plant cultivation apparatus can be kept warm from the inside of the cultivation tank.

In addition, the present invention that solves the above problems
A cultivation process in which a net-like member is arranged in a box-shaped cultivation tank having an open surface and a plant is cultivated above the net-like member in the cultivation tank.
It has a pulling step of lifting the net-like member in a substantially vertical direction with respect to an open surface and pulling up the net-like member and the plant.

According to the method of the present invention, since the roots of the plant are entangled with the net-like member in the process of cultivation, the plant can be pulled up from the cultivation tank only by a simple method such as pulling up the net-like member in a substantially vertical direction.

The present invention that solves the above problems
It is a method of cultivating a plant using a plant cultivation device equipped with a box-shaped cultivation tank having an open surface.
A snow depositing process that deposits snow on the open surface side of the cultivation tank,
It has a snow melting step of heating the inside of the cultivation tank and melting a part of the accumulated snow.

According to the present invention, by heating the accumulated snow from the inside of the cultivation tank, only a part of the snow melts and a space is formed in the upper part of the cultivation tank, and plants can be cultivated in this space. can.
By covering the space with snow, heat heated from the inside of the cultivation tank is accumulated, and it can be used as a simple greenhouse.

According to the present invention, a large number of plants planted in soil or the like can be pulled up at once by a simple operation of pulling up the net-like member.

It is a perspective view of the plant cultivation apparatus which concerns on Example 1 of this invention. It is sectional drawing for explaining the usage form of the plant cultivation apparatus which concerns on Example 1 of this invention, and shows the sectional view (a) which explains the cultivation process, and the sectional view (b) which explains the pulling process. It is a figure which shows the other embodiment of the pulling means of the plant cultivation apparatus which concerns on Example 1 of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the state which connected a plurality of cultivation tanks of the plant cultivation apparatus which concerns on Example 2 of this invention. It is an enlarged view (a) of a rail and a wheel, and the exploded view (b) of a rail of the plant cultivation apparatus which concerns on Example 2 of this invention. It is a perspective view (a) and a sectional view (b) of the plant cultivation apparatus which concerns on Example 3 of this invention. It is a perspective view (a) and the cross-sectional view (b) for demonstrating one use form of the plant cultivation apparatus which concerns on Example 3 of this invention before the operation of a hot water control apparatus. It is a perspective view (a) and the cross-sectional view (b) for demonstrating one usage form at the time of operation of a hot water control device of the plant cultivation apparatus which concerns on Example 3 of this invention.

The plant cultivation apparatus (hereinafter referred to as cultivation apparatus) and the plant cultivation method (hereinafter referred to as cultivation method) of the present invention can be applied to any plant, but transplantation, strain division, and harvesting operations can be performed. It is preferable to apply it to the required plant.

Therefore, the cultivation method of the present invention can be particularly preferably applied to crops such as root vegetables or leafy vegetables that are harvested, and perennials that need to be divided into stocks every few years. Examples of perennial plants that need to be divided include garlic chives, rhubarb, asparagus, artichoke, symbidium, clivia, peony, iris, and adonis ramosa.
Further, in one embodiment of the cultivation method of the present invention, it is preferable to apply it to a plant suitable for softening cultivation. Examples of plants suitable for softening cultivation include udo, ginger, asparagus, honeybee, celery, leeks, chives, and rhubarb.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings, but the technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings, but is described in the claims. It can be changed as appropriate within the above range.

(Example 1)
FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the entire cultivation apparatus 10a. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view for explaining a step of pulling up the plant P using the cultivation device 10a. Hereinafter, a plant cultivation method using the cultivation device 10a and the cultivation device 10a according to the first embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.

(Cultivation process)
The cultivation device 10a according to the first embodiment has a plurality of auxiliary pipes 31 fixed to one side of the nylon net 30 by a cultivation tank 20 having an open surface A, a nylon net 30, and an arbitrary fixture (not shown). An electric winch 40 for pulling up the nylon net 30, and a support member 50 for supporting the electric winch 40 are provided.

The support member 50 is erected on two opposing edges 21 so as to pass over the open surface A of the cultivation tank 20, and the electric winch 40 is located on the open surface A side of the cultivation tank 20. Is placed in.

A method of cultivating a plant using the cultivation apparatus 10a will be described.
First, the soil S is filled from the open surface A of the cultivation tank 20. Next, the nylon net 30 is placed on the filled soil S. At this time, the nylon net 30 is arranged so that the nylon net 30 is on the upper side and the auxiliary pipe 31 is on the lower side. Further, the nylon net 30 is arranged so as to be substantially parallel to the bottom surface of the cultivation tank 20. Next, the nylon net 30 is further filled with soil S, and the nylon net 30 and the auxiliary pipe 31 are buried inside the soil S.

Next, a plurality of seeds or seedlings of plant P are planted in the cultivation tank 20 to cultivate the plant P.
Seeds or seedlings are planted above the nylon net 30.
When the plant P grows, the roots of the plant P pass through the mesh portion of the nylon net 30 and become entangled with the nylon net 30.

(Pulling process)
When the plant P has grown and entered the stage of transplantation, stock splitting, or harvesting, the electric winch 40 is used to pull up the nylon net 30 in which the roots of the plant P are entwined.

Specifically, by operating the drive unit 42 of the electric winch 40, the hook portion 41 is lowered into the cultivation tank 20 and the hook portion 41 is hung on the auxiliary pipe 31 (FIG. 2a).
By operating the drive unit 42 again and raising the hook unit 41, the nylon net 30 and the plurality of plants P having roots entwined with the nylon net 30 can be pulled up from the soil S together with the auxiliary pipe 31 (FIG. 2b). .. At this time, the flexible nylon net 30 bends, so that the soil S adhering to the nylon net 30 and the plant P can be removed.

Further, by hooking the hook portion 41 on the auxiliary pipe 31 instead of directly hooking the hook portion 41 on the nylon net 30, it is possible to reduce wear and damage to the nylon net 30 at the time of pulling up.

As described above, according to the cultivation apparatus 10a according to the present embodiment, a large amount of plant P can be extracted at one time, and the steps such as transplantation, strain division, and harvesting can be significantly shortened.

Although one embodiment of the plant device of the present invention has been described above, the present invention is not limited thereto.

In Example 1, a nylon net is used in order to easily drop the soil adhering to the plant P in the step of pulling up the plant, but the net-like member of the present invention is not limited to this.
From the viewpoint of the above-mentioned action, it is preferable to use a flexible net such as a nylon net or a polyester net, but a rigid net may be used, and for example, a metal net may be used.

Further, the number of net-like members provided in the cultivation device is not particularly limited, and may be one, or a plurality of two or more net-like members may be arranged on the same plane.
In the form of having one net-like member, a large amount of plants can be pulled out at one time by cultivating one kind of plant at the same time. In the case of a form including two or more reticulated members, various plants are cultivated at the same time or one type of plant is cultivated at different times, and the plants are pulled out at the time of transplantation, strain division, or harvest. It becomes possible to select a plant.

Further, in the first embodiment, the embodiment provided with a plurality of rod-shaped auxiliary pipes has been illustrated, but the embodiment may not include the auxiliary pipes.
Further, the shape of the auxiliary member is not limited to the rod shape, and may be L-shaped or T-shaped. Further, a frame-shaped or planar auxiliary member may be used. For example, auxiliary members such as a square frame shape, a square surface shape, a circular frame shape, and a circular surface shape can be used.

In the present embodiment, an example in which an electric winch is used as a means for pulling up the nylon net has been illustrated, but the present invention is not limited thereto. For example, when a winch is used as the pulling means, it may be a manual type or an engine type instead of an electric type.
As another form, a handle may be installed on the side surface of the cultivation tank, the handle and the hook portion may be connected by using a wire, and the hook portion may be driven up and down by driving the handle.

Further, a hook attached to the tip of the rope and passed through the pulley may be used as a pulling means.
In the present invention, it is preferable to use an electric winch from the viewpoint of convenience.

Further, in the first embodiment, the embodiment in which the pulling means includes one hook portion has been illustrated, but as shown in FIG. 3, a plurality of hook portions may be provided. By providing a plurality of hook portions, it is possible to pull up the net-like member more stably.
When a plurality of hook portions are provided, a plurality of hook portions may be driven by one drive unit, or each hook portion may be driven by each drive unit.

The support member of the present invention is not limited to the above-described form as long as the hook portion can be arranged above the open surface of the cultivation tank. For example, it is not necessary to install the support member at the edge of the cultivation tank, and the support member may be installed on the ground on which the cultivation tank is placed. Further, it is not necessary to install the support member on the two opposing edge portions 21 so as to pass over the open surface A, and the support member extends from one edge portion to the open surface A. It may be in the form.

Further, the support member of the present invention may be fixed to a part of the cultivation tank or may be configured to be removable.

The present invention does not need to be provided with a pulling means.
For example, in the case of a cultivation device provided with a cultivation tank and a net-like member, a large amount of plant P can be pulled out at one time by pulling up the net-like member by hand in the pulling step.

Further, in the present embodiment, a mode in which a cultivation tank is filled with soil and so-called soil cultivation is performed has been illustrated, but the present invention can also be applied to hydroponics.
When hydroponics is carried out, it is preferable to provide a hooking means for hooking the net-like member in the cultivation tank so that the net-like member does not float on the water surface.

(Example 2)
FIG. 4 shows a mode in which, in addition to the configuration described in the first embodiment, a moving means 60 for moving the electric winch 40 is provided. FIG. 5a is an enlarged view of the cultivation apparatus 10b shown in FIG.

The moving means 60 in the second embodiment includes a rail 61 arranged on the edge 21 forming the open surface A of the cultivation tank 20, and a wheel 62 fixed to the bottom surface of the support member 50. The rail 61 is arranged on each of the two opposite sides of the edge portion 21.

By installing the wheels 62 on the rail 61, the electric winch 40 can be easily moved along the rail 61 together with the support member 50.

Further, the rail 61 is formed so that a concave portion 71 at one end thereof and a convex portion 72 at the other end can be fitted as a connecting portion 70 (FIG. 5b). With this configuration, the cultivation device 10b of Example 2 can be connected to another cultivation device 10b via the connecting portion 70. In a state where a plurality of cultivation devices 10b are connected via a connecting portion 70, each cultivation tank 20 is configured to be in a state of being aligned without a gap.

By connecting the plurality of cultivation devices 10b via the connecting portion 70 in this way, the electric winch 40 and the support member 50 can be easily moved without the trouble of removing and attaching to the other cultivation device 10b. The step of pulling up the plant P can be efficiently performed.

Therefore, by using the cultivation device 10b of Example 2, even when a large amount of plants are cultivated at one time, operations such as transplantation, strain division, and harvesting can be significantly shortened.

In addition, even when different types of plants are cultivated in each of the plurality of cultivation tanks 20 or the same type of plants are cultivated at different times, the electric type is used according to the time of transplantation, strain division, or harvesting. The winch 40 can be moved to carry out the drawing process.

In the second embodiment, a mode including a moving means including a rail having a connecting portion and wheels has been illustrated, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

For example, a groove may be formed directly on the edge or side surface of the cultivation tank, and this may be used as a moving path.

Further, the connection portion with the moving path is not limited to the wheels. For example, as in the structure of the curtain, a runner may be used as a connecting portion to connect the runner and the support member and slide the runner.

In the present invention, the shape of the cultivation tank is not particularly limited, but when the above-mentioned moving means is provided, it is preferably a rectangular parallelepiped box type or a cubic box type.

The size of the cultivation tank is not particularly limited, but when the cultivation tank has a rectangular shape, the length of one side is preferably 1000 to 2000 mm, more preferably 1200 to 1800 mm, and further preferably 1400 to 1600 mm.
The height is preferably 400 to 1200 mm, more preferably 500 to 1000 mm, and even more preferably 600 to 800 mm.

Further, in the second embodiment, the form in which the connecting portion for connecting the plurality of cultivation devices is present on the rail has been illustrated, but the cultivation tank may be provided with the connecting portion. For example, by providing a concave portion on a part of the outer surface of the cultivation tank and providing a convex portion on the opposite outer surface, the cultivation tanks may be connected by fitting the uneven portions of different cultivation tanks.

(Example 3)
FIG. 6 is a perspective view (a) and a cross-sectional view (b) of the cultivation device 10c provided with the hot water pipe 80.
The hot water pipe 80 is arranged perpendicular to the auxiliary pipe 31 below the nylon net 30 and the auxiliary pipe 31 through a pipe through hole (not shown) provided on the side surface of the cultivation tank 20. Will be done. Both ends of the hot water pipe 80 are connected to a hot water circulation device (not shown).
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a state in which snow W is deposited on the cultivation device 10c. FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a state in which the hot water circulation device of FIG. 7 is operated.
Hereinafter, a method of cultivating a plant using the cultivation device 10c in Example 3 will be described with reference to FIGS. 6 to 8.

First, snow W is deposited so as to cover all the cultivation equipment 10c in which the plant P is cultivated. Next, the inside of the cultivation tank 20 is heated by operating the hot water circulation device and supplying hot water into the hot water pipe 80. By heating from the inside of the cultivation tank 20 in this way, the snow W near the open surface A of the cultivation tank 20 is melted, and a space Sp is generated.

Since the snow W serves as a heat insulating material in the space Sp, the heat generated by the hot water pipe 80 can be retained in the space Sp, and the plant P can be cultivated in the space Sp by taking advantage of this heat retention property.

In this way, by using the cultivation device 10c of Example 3, a simple greenhouse using snow can be produced. Especially in snowy areas, outdoor winter cultivation can be easily performed.
In addition, since the sunlight can be blocked to some extent by snow, softening cultivation can be easily performed.

In the third embodiment, a mode in which snow is deposited so as to cover the entire cultivation apparatus 10c has been illustrated, but the snow accumulation may cover the open surface of the cultivation tank and be higher than the plant. In order to prevent heat from escaping to the outside of the cultivation tank, it is preferable to cover the entire cultivation apparatus 10c.

Further, the arrangement form and the number of arrangements of the hot water pipes are not particularly limited, and one hot water pipe may be arranged for several reciprocations in parallel with the nylon net, or a plurality of independent hot water pipes may be arranged in a row. You may.

Further, the heating method is not limited to the method of supplying hot water to the hot water pipe to heat the inside of the cultivation tank. For example, a heating element is arranged in the soil so as to be energized and energized. Therefore, it may be in the form of heating.

In the depositing step and the snow melting step in the present embodiment, a form in which the pulling means such as an electric winch and the supporting member are removed has been illustrated, but in the present invention, snow is deposited with the pulling means and the supporting member installed. You may.

The present invention is suitable for a method for cultivating a plant for which softening cultivation is effective, such as rhubarb, but when cultivating a plant that requires photosynthesis, illumination of an LED light or the like is required in the space Sp. Means may be provided.

10 Cultivation equipment 20 Cultivation tank 21 Edge 30 Nylon net 31 Auxiliary pipe 40 Electric winch 41 Hook 42 Drive 50 Support member 60 Transportation 61 Rail 62 Wheel 70 Connecting 71 Concave 72 Convex 80 Hot water pipe A Open surface P Plant S Soil W Snow Sp Space

Claims (11)

A box-shaped cultivation tank with an open surface and a plant cultivation device equipped with a net-like member.
The net-like member is arranged inside the cultivation tank so that all or part of the net member does not come into contact with the bottom surface of the cultivation tank and is substantially parallel to the bottom surface. A plant cultivation device characterized by. The plant cultivation apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a pulling means for pulling up the net-like member. The pulling means includes a hook portion and a driving portion for driving the hook portion.
The plant cultivation apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the hook portion is installed on the open surface side of the cultivation tank by a support member. The plant cultivation device further includes a moving means for moving the pulling means substantially parallel to the open surface of the cultivation tank.
The plant cultivation apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the moving means includes a moving path that determines the traveling direction of the pulling means and a connecting portion that movably connects the supporting member to the moving path. The plant according to claim 4, wherein the connecting portion is a wheel, the moving path is a rail, and the rail is arranged at an edge portion forming an open surface of the cultivation tank. Cultivation equipment. The plant cultivation apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the cultivation tank includes a connecting member that can be connected to one or more other cultivation tanks. The plant cultivation apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the net-like member is flexible. The plant growing equipment is further equipped with at least one auxiliary member.
The plant cultivation apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the auxiliary member is arranged below the net-like member. The plant cultivation equipment is further equipped with a heating pipe,
The plant cultivation apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein at least a part of the heating pipe is arranged inside the cultivation tank. A cultivation process in which a net-like member is arranged in a box-shaped cultivation tank having an open surface and a plant is cultivated above the net-like member in the cultivation tank.
A plant cultivation method comprising a pulling step of lifting the net-like member in a substantially vertical direction with respect to an open surface and pulling up the net-like member and the plant. It is a method of cultivating a plant using a plant cultivation device equipped with a box-shaped cultivation tank having an open surface.
A snow depositing process that deposits snow on the open surface side of the cultivation tank,
A plant cultivation method comprising a snow melting step of heating the inside of the cultivation tank and melting a part of the accumulated snow.

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