CN107455197A - A kind of saving of labor's pruning method for improving apricot yield - Google Patents
A kind of saving of labor's pruning method for improving apricot yield Download PDFInfo
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- CN107455197A CN107455197A CN201610396774.XA CN201610396774A CN107455197A CN 107455197 A CN107455197 A CN 107455197A CN 201610396774 A CN201610396774 A CN 201610396774A CN 107455197 A CN107455197 A CN 107455197A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of saving of labor's pruning method for improving apricot yield, it is related to pruning fruit tree field, including：In apricot young sprout early growth period, the young sprout that front end vigorous growth simultaneously is grown to major branch carries out removing processing, the young sprout that major branch front end only has a horizontal growth or grown obliquely is stayed in the front end that major branch grows；In fruit expanding period, Shape correction is carried out to the branch of vertical growth on major branch, branch is changed into outside oblique or horizontal growth from vertical growth；After fruit harvesting, to outwards oblique growth and the strong branch of growth potential carry out two sections of belt leather pinching processing on major branch, the supply of branch front end nutriment is reduced, there is a bud to outgrowth at end of the branch.This method not only increases the yield of apricot, and yield at least improves more than 30%；And trimming recruitment is saved, at least save 40% amount of labour used；The technique effect of early high-yield can additionally be realized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to fruit tree cultivation technical field, more particularly to a kind of apricot pruning technique method.
Background technology
Apricot is more based on winter pruning in production, in particular by evacuation layering shape, natural open centre shape
It is tree-like, and winter pruning amount is big, often summer full branch, the winter cuts full ground branch, causes trunk infusion and fertilizer
Serious waste.Even if the finespun hammer used in the recent period is tree-like, especially to again long on major branch in terms of summer pruning
The young sprout gone out lacks clear and definite clearly pruning technique method, and in trimming period and pair for using trimming measure
It should go up and lack a set of perfect technical method.Apricot summer pruning should catch three critical periods, and first is exactly
Young sprout early growth period, the young sprout of 3-4 vigorous growth simultaneously typically is had in major branch growth front end, if let alone
It is grown, and the growth of the twig at major branch rear portion will be suppressed and weak, or even gradual baldness.Second is exactly
Fruit expanding period, fruit expanding period are also new slightly vigorous period, due to the effect of apical dominance, have many
Back branch comes up, if letting alone growth, will grow " being set on tree ", if directly removed, can cause again
The waste of nutrition, and the new bar that can also be emerged at the place of removing.After 3rd is exactly fruit harvesting, especially fruit is adopted
It is the most key after receipts.The general apricot branch for working as annual bearing is all that bud differentiation is grown and completed in the previous year,
And the fruit development period (and time from blooming fruit maturation) of apricot is shorter, most short only more than 60 days,
Most long 100 days or so.If mid-April blooms, it just can all harvest finish before by the end of July the latest.
And annual temperature mid-October in the north area of North China is reduced to leaf growth critical point, blade is endured cold, and branch stops
Only grow.So calculate, adopt rear branch and at least also have bimestrial growth time, this period is exactly next year
As a result shoot growth and the best period of bud differentiation, but because apricot Growth status is vigorous, apical dominance is strong, such as
Fruit adjusts growth level and the direction of branch not in time, will result in not result, the increasing of branch excessive growth then, the coming year
Add the situation of winter pruning amount, serious waste nutrition.
Therefore, nutrient growth can be efficiently controlled by apricot summer pruning, promotes bud differentiation, improve fruit
Quality, nutrient consumption is reduced, and greatly reduce trimming recruitment.
The content of the invention
For in the prior art, apricot summer pruning technology lacks, branch excessive growth, branch level is disorderly, grows
Direction is improper, and pruning rate is excessive during so as to cause the winter to cut, time consuming, nutrition and fertilizer waste serious, yield
The problems such as reduction, fruit quality difference.The present invention provides a set of simple apparent apricot summer pruning method, the party
Method is simple to operate, saves labor, and effectively adjusts shoot growth level and direction, and controls the prosperous length of branch, makes battalion
Health length is converted into reproductive growth, beneficial to harvesting high-quality high-yield, realizes Labor-saving trimming and High-quality Cultivation.The present invention
The finespun that is particularly suitable for use in hammers tree-like summer pruning into shape.
In order to realize the purpose of the present invention, the present invention provides a kind of saving of labor's pruning method for improving apricot yield, bag
Include：
In apricot young sprout early growth period, the young sprout that front end vigorous growth simultaneously is grown to major branch carries out removing processing,
The young sprout for making major branch front end only have a horizontal growth or grow obliquely stays in the front end that major branch grows；
When apricot grows into fruit expanding period, Shape correction is carried out to the branch of vertical growth on major branch, makes branch
Bar is changed into outside oblique or horizontal growth from vertical growth；
After fruit harvesting, two sections of belt leather pinching are carried out to the branch outwards grown obliquely on major branch and growth potential is strong
Processing, reduces the supply of branch front end nutriment, and have a bud to outgrowth at end of the branch.
Particularly, after fruit harvesting, two sections are carried out to the branch outwards grown obliquely on major branch and growth potential is strong
After belt leather pinching processing, two sections of junctions of the end of the branch bottom also have a bud to outgrowth.
Wherein, the Shape correction includes：
First incomplete cutting process is carried out to the branch base portion of vertical growth on major branch；
The branch is subjected to layer towards uncut base portion direction, makes the direction of growth of the branch by upright
Growth is changed into outside oblique growth or horizontal growth.
Preferably, the described first cut direction not exclusively cut is parallel with base portion section.
Wherein, the Shape correction also includes：
When the branch length of vertical growth on major branch is more than 20cm, cutting back is carried out to the branch, makes its length
Degree is less than 20cm.
Preferably, the length for cutting back being carried out to the branch is 16-20cm.
Wherein, the depth of cut during cutting process is the 1/5-1/4 of base portion cross-sectional area.
Wherein, two sections of belt leather pinching processing includes：
To the outwards oblique growth and strong branch of growth potential carries out pinching processing on major branch, shoot apex is set to have one
The individual bud to outgrowth；
The second not exclusively cutting is carried out below shoot apex, cut place is between two adjacent buds.
Wherein, the not exclusively cutting of the progress second below shoot apex refers to apart from shoot apex
At 10-20cm.
Wherein, the described second depth not exclusively cut is the 1/3~1/2 of cut place branch cross-sectional area,
Cut direction is perpendicular to the direction of the branch.
The principle of the depth of cutting is will not to be rolled over after cutting by wind, will not also be broken because gravity influences；Otch
Perpendicular to branch, its object is to be not easy bacteria infection, be advantageous to clip healing.
Wherein, between two buds, the bud below cut place is that a direction is outside for the cut place
Bud.
It should be noted that " outside " described herein refers to away from the direction of tree trunk.
Advantages of the present invention：
1st, two sections of belt leather pinching methods that the present invention uses make the both ends incomplete cut-off of branch, still nutritious therebetween
The circulation of material, will not the unnecessary branch of growth-promoting, nutrition is all supplied in the bud differentiation of pinching branch, solve
Excessively caused nutrition wastes caused growth-promoting branch after prior art of having determined carries out pinching processing, moreover, need not
Other trimmings are carried out, the amount of labour used is few.
2nd, moreover, after being handled using the inventive method branch, fruit harvesting terminates can should
Branch removes from base portion, and so as to which growth-promoting goes out new branch, the trimming amount of labour used is few, and solves in the prior art
The problem of apricot biennial bearing.
3rd, apricot is trimmed using the inventive method, not only increases the yield of apricot, yield at least carries
It is high by more than 30%；And trimming recruitment is saved, at least save 40% amount of labour used；Morning can additionally be realized
The technique effect that year gets bumper crops.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the front and rear schematic diagram of young sprout early growth period trimming；
Fig. 2 is the front and rear schematic diagram of fruit expanding period trimming；
Fig. 3 is that front and rear schematic diagram is trimmed after fruit harvesting；
Fig. 4 is the front and rear schematic diagram of prior art pinching trimming.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Enforcement place：Academy of Agriculture, Zhangjiakou City orchard
Implement the time：Summer in 2013 and summer in 2014 are carried out continuously
Selection kind is consistent, the age of tree is all three plants of flat trees of apricot of life in 3 years (result initial stage), wherein two plants tree-like
To be slender spindle-shaped, another strain is layered shape for evacuation, because mainly used in production at present or evacuation is layered shape,
And cut substantially without the summer, therefore using evacuation layering as control 2, wherein one plant of slender spindle-shaped tree uses
This method carries out summer pruning, is set to treatment group；Another plant of finespun hammer is tree-like in a conventional manner including common
Pinching processing carry out the summer cut, be set to control 1.
1st, pruning fruit tree：
Treatment group：Young sprout early growth period, major branch growth front end have the vigorous growth simultaneously of 2~4 young sprouts,
One horizontal growth of selection or the young sprout of outside oblique growth leave, and remaining 1~3 wholes remove；Fruit
Expanding stage, by the branch of vertical growth on major branch, 1/5~1/4 is cut from base portion side, then along to right
Side pressure is fallen, and branch is reached oblique growth or horizontal growth.If the branch length is more than 20cm it is necessary to general
Its cutting back is to 20cm or so；After fruit harvesting, outwards grown obliquely for what is born on major branch, and it is raw
The stronger branch of growing way, a bud to outgrowth is selected and remain in its upper end and carries out pinching, the length of pinching, which is not done, to be had
Body limit, then from top extend downwardly 10cm~20cm (length does not limit strictly, principle be cut after not
Can be rolled over by wind, will not also be broken because gravity influences), then select the outside bud in a direction, in the bud and
Incomplete cutting back is carried out at the internode of latter bud, cuts into 1/3~1/2 or so that depth is branch cross section, cuts
Mouth will so be not easy bacteria infection perpendicular to branch, be advantageous to clip healing.
Two intersegmental not exclusively fracture, the parts for retaining branch that the pruning method for the treatment of group makes not exclusively to cut are wooden
Portion and bast, reduce but do not interrupt conveying of the nutriments such as moisture, inorganic salts, organic matter to shoot apex.
The pruning method solves the growth-promoting one that prior art pinching technology occurs relative to pinching method of the prior art
Nutrition caused by the unnecessary branch of heap wastes, and it is had bud differentiation of enough nutrition supplies in branch.
2nd, determination of yield
Three planting fruit-trees are carried out with the measure of yield simultaneously, minute is respectively in mid-July, 2014 and 2015
Mid-July in year, assay method are defined by actual apricot fruit harvest weight.Measurement result is as shown in table 1.
The determination of yield result of table 1 (kg/ strains)
To be found out by table 1, treatment group yield was not higher by 41.9% and 107.1% in 2014 than control component,
51.3% and 113.4% is not higher by than control component within 2015, it is seen then that fruit is carried out using the inventive method
Trimming, adds more than 41.9%, than without trimming in result its yield at initial stage than traditional pruning method
Evacuation layering shape adds more than 107.1%.
Moreover, it is obvious to carry out the yield (17.6kg/ strains) that the fruit tree that the present invention trims harvests in July, 2014
The yield (15.8kg/ strains) harvested higher than the fruit tree of conventional method trimming in July, 2015, even more higher than not
The evacuation layering shape fruit tree trimmed, it is seen then that the present invention can not only improve yield, and can realize morning
Phase gets bumper crops.
In addition, knowable to the data of 2015 and the data of 2014 are contrasted, repaiied using the inventive method
The output of the fruit tree cut is significantly increased year by year, and incrementss reach 35.8%, is above the increment year by year of control 1
27.4% and control 2 increment 31.76% year by year, therefore, the inventive method can also be realized initial stage in result
The effect to increase substantially year by year.
Embodiment 2
Enforcement place：Academy of Agriculture, Zhangjiakou City orchard
Implement the time：Summer in 2013 and summer in 2014 are carried out continuously
Selection kind is consistent, the age of tree three plants of (best fruiting period) eats apricot raw all for life in 8 years, and tree-like is all finespun
Capitate, wherein one plant carries out summer pruning using this method, implementation is identical with embodiment, is set to treatment group；
Another strain carries out the summer and cut in a conventional manner, is set to control 1；3rd plant, without summer pruning, is set to compare
2.Three plants of measure for carrying out yield simultaneously, minute is respectively in mid-July, 2014 and in July, 2015
The middle ten days, assay method are defined by actual apricot fruit harvest weight.Measurement result is as shown in table 1.
The determination of yield result of table 2 (kg/ strains)
| Minute | Treatment group | Control group 1 | Control group 2 |
| In July, 2014 | 29.7 | 25.9 | 21.5 |
| In July, 2015 | 32.4 | 20.8 | 16.4 |
Found out by table 1, treatment group yield was not higher by 14.7% and 38.1% in 2014 than control component, 2015
Year is not higher by 55.8% and 97.6% than control component, it is seen then that fruit trimmed using the inventive method,
In the best fruiting period, its yield than traditional pruning method adds more than 14.7%, than adding without trimming
More than 38.1%, moreover, this method not only also has increase on the contrary without the situation that biennial bearing occurs, yield, increase
Dosage reaches 9.1%.Control group has biennial bearing phenomenon, and control group yield reduces by 19.7% He respectively
23.7%.
Although above-mentioned elaborate to the present invention, not limited to this, those skilled in the art can be with
Modified according to the principle of the present invention, therefore, the various modifications that all principles according to the present invention are carried out all should
It is interpreted as falling into protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
- A kind of 1. saving of labor's pruning method for improving apricot yield, it is characterised in that including：In apricot young sprout early growth period, the young sprout that front end vigorous growth simultaneously is grown to major branch carries out removing processing, The young sprout for making major branch front end only have a horizontal growth or grow obliquely stays in the front end that major branch grows；In the fruit expanding period of apricot, Shape correction is carried out to the branch of vertical growth on major branch, makes branch by straight Vertical growth is changed into outside oblique or horizontal growth；After fruit harvesting, to the outwards oblique growth and strong branch of growth potential is carried out at two sections of belt leather pinching on major branch Reason, reduces the supply of branch front end nutriment, has a bud to outgrowth at end of the branch.
- 2. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that the Shape correction includes：First incomplete cutting process is carried out to the branch base portion of vertical growth on major branch；The branch is subjected to layer towards uncut base portion direction, makes the direction of growth of the branch by upright Growth is changed into outside oblique growth or horizontal growth.
- 3. method as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that the Shape correction also includes：When the branch length of vertical growth on major branch is more than 20cm, cutting back is carried out to the branch, makes its length Degree is less than 20cm.
- 4. method as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that the depth of cut during cutting process is The 1/5-1/4 of base diameter.
- 5. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that two sections of belt leather pinching processing includes：Pinching processing is carried out to the branch grown obliquely on major branch and growth potential is strong, makes shoot apex that there is one To the bud of outgrowth；The second not exclusively cutting is carried out below shoot apex, cut place is between two adjacent buds.
- 6. method as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that described that second is carried out below shoot apex Not exclusively cutting refers at shoot apex 10-20cm.
- 7. method as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that the described second depth not exclusively cut is The 1/3~1/2 of cut place branch cross section, cut direction are perpendicular to the direction of the branch.
- 8. method as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that the cut place is located at two adjacent buds Between in, the bud below cut place is the outside bud in a direction.
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| CN201610396774.XA CN107455197B (en) | 2016-06-06 | 2016-06-06 | Labor-saving pruning method for improving yield of apricot trees |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108934675A (en) * | 2018-06-06 | 2018-12-07 | 阜阳市鸿业生态农业科技有限公司 | A kind of pruning method of just fruiting period apricot |
| CN112154806A (en) * | 2020-07-17 | 2021-01-01 | 西咸新区咸恒农业科技有限公司 | Method for promoting upward healthy growth of branches by longitudinally breaking branch surface tissues |
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Cited By (2)
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| CN108934675A (en) * | 2018-06-06 | 2018-12-07 | 阜阳市鸿业生态农业科技有限公司 | A kind of pruning method of just fruiting period apricot |
| CN112154806A (en) * | 2020-07-17 | 2021-01-01 | 西咸新区咸恒农业科技有限公司 | Method for promoting upward healthy growth of branches by longitudinally breaking branch surface tissues |
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| CN107455197B (en) | 2020-06-05 |
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