KR101263675B1 - Media for cultivating mushroom containing water hyacinth, and method of cultivating mushroom using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

Provided are a mushroom cultivation medium including a water hyacinth and a mushroom cultivation method using the same. The water hyacinth is cut to 1mm to 50mm, or a scratch is formed on the surface is characterized in that the cuticle layer is broken.

Description

Media for cultivating mushroom containing water hyacinth, and method of cultivating mushroom using the same}

Provided are a mushroom cultivation medium including a water hyacinth and a mushroom cultivation method using the same. The water hyacinth is cut to 1mm to 50mm, or a scratch is formed on the surface is characterized in that the cuticle layer is broken.

Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms, water hyacinth is a perennial floating aquatic plant native to Central and South America subtropics and the tropics. It has a floating body, such as the fish's beret, which is why it's used. In Korea, it is planted in May and can be cultivated until mid-December. However, in the subtropical and tropical regions where the weather is warm, it is a year-round grass that grows as the shoots continue to grow on the runners.

Since the cuticle layer has a very developed cuticle layer and is highly resistant to mold and bacteria, and must be suspended without being submerged in water, the stem and leaves have a structure that is very difficult to penetrate water. In terms of water absorption and inhibiting the infiltration of mushroom hyphae, there is a difficulty in actual use, there is a problem in the economic aspect, there were many limitations and limitations in the use as a medium raw material such as mushroom cultivation.

In Korea, sawdust and rice straw are commonly used as raw materials for mushroom cultivation, and recently, herbaceous plants such as corn cob, cottonseed beet, and beet, which are mainly livestock forages, are commonly used. The use of livestock forage caused competition to secure raw materials between the livestock industry and the mushroom industry. As a result, raw material prices per unit weight were excessively increased due to the shortage of raw materials. In addition, most of these materials depend on imports, and according to the supply and demand situation in the country, the cost of the exchange rate fluctuates so much that the annual import price is increasing.

Therefore, it is a situation that the discovery and development of the alternative substance which can be used as a raw material of mushroom cultivation is calculated | required.

To meet this need, one example of the present invention provides a mushroom cultivation medium comprising water hyacinth.

Another example provides a mushroom cultivation method using the mushroom cultivation medium.

The present inventors have confirmed that the present invention can increase the growth rate and yield of mushrooms by removing the mycelial inhibiting factor, which is the biggest obstacle in utilizing water hyacinth as a substitute for mushroom cultivation medium raw material, by a mechanical method. Completed.

Thus, one example of the present invention provides a mushroom cultivation medium comprising water hyacinth. The water hyacinth is finely cut to increase the cutting surface and / or scratches formed on the surface to break the cuticle layer and the cellulose exposed on the surface, it is characterized in that it is easy to penetrate the mushroom hyphae to increase the culture efficiency.

 To this end, the water hyacinth can be used to cut the size to 5mm to 30mm, preferably 10mm to 20mm, more specifically, 5mm to 30mm, preferably 10mm to 20mm, width 5mm to 23mm, preferably Preferably it can be cut to use 10mm to 15mm. If the cutting size of the water hyacinth is larger than the above range, there is not enough cutting surface through which the mushroom mycelium can penetrate, and if the water hyacinth is smaller than the above range, the particles are fine and the pores are reduced, so that the culture efficiency is rather reduced. It is good.

Alternatively, by forming an agglomerate on the surface of the water hyacinth, the cuticle layer is destroyed to facilitate the penetration of the mushroom hyphae into the exposed gap, thereby increasing the culture efficiency. There is no particular limitation on the scratch formation method, but the ham hair furr of FIG. 1 is used in the embodiment of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Even when the water hyacinth is used without drying in a water-containing state, it is preferable to use it after forming a collection before drying. In this case, the surface area through which the cuticle layer is removed and the cellulose component may be exposed by scratch formation may be 50% or more, for example, 50 to 100%, preferably 60 to 100%, based on the total surface area. no.

In an embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to form an agglomerate on the surface together with chopping the water hyacinth.

Preferred moisture content in the medium for mushroom cultivation is about 60 to 80% by weight, more preferably about 70% by weight. Therefore, the water hyacinth is used in the raw grass state (add water to adjust the amount of water when the water content is less than the above range), dried to 15% or less moisture, and then supplied with moisture during the production of the medium, the moisture content is about It can be used to adjust to 70%.

The site of use of the water hyacinth is not limited, roots, stems, leaves, or the entire plant can be used.

Mushroom cultivation medium of the present invention may include a water hyacinth as a single component, or may be included with other media components. The content of water hyacinth in the mushroom culture may be about 20 to 100% by weight based on the total weight of the medium, for example, water hyacinth may be included as a single component or 20 to 80% by weight based on the total weight of the medium.

The other medium component as described above means a conventional mushroom culture medium component, for example, may be one or more selected from the group consisting of cotton silk, corn cob, sawdust, beet pulp, rice bran, and other barks. Therefore, the mushroom cultivation medium of the present invention may further include one or more selected from the group consisting of cotton silk, corn cob, sawdust, beet pulp, rice bran and other barks as a medium component other than water hyacinth. In particular, the mushroom production efficiency is the most excellent in the case of including cotton silk as the other medium components other than the water hyacinth, at this time the content of water hyacinth is 20 to 40% by weight based on the total medium weight in particular production efficiency This is excellent.

There are no particular limitations on the kinds of mushrooms that can be cultivated by applying the mushroom cultivation medium of the present invention, for example, oyster mushrooms, matsutake mushrooms, mushroom mushrooms, enoki mushrooms, willow mushrooms, thirsty mushrooms, mushrooms, mushrooms, shiitake mushrooms, shiitake mushrooms, etc. It may be one or more selected from the group consisting of.

In another aspect, the present invention provides a mushroom cultivation method comprising the step of inoculating the mushroom spawn to the mushroom cultivation medium comprising the water hyacinth. The spawn seeding method, the cultivation method and the culture conditions are as commonly known in mushroom cultivation. There are no particular limitations on the kinds of mushrooms that can be cultivated according to the mushroom cultivation method, for example, the group consisting of oyster mushrooms, matsutake mushrooms, mushroom mushrooms, enoki mushrooms, willow mushrooms, soybean mushrooms, shiitake mushrooms, mushrooms and shiitake mushrooms. It may be at least one selected from.

Water hyacinth is a floating plant that grows floating in water, so there is no need to cultivate the land like general crops, so there is an advantage that land costs or machine costs do not have to be entered at the time of sowing. And it grows better in eutrophic Korean freshwater lakes and reservoirs. In fact, water hyacinth is 13 times in one month, and about 100 times in two months. The fastest rate of reproduction per unit area among the earth's multiplying plants is the fastest plant to find a way to use it as a resource.

In addition, we have a large number of reservoirs for paddy farming all over the Korean peninsula, and there are many dams for multipurpose use of water resources. The West does not have a reservoir network like Korea has because wheat is a major crop, so even if you want to produce water hyacinth on a large scale, it is difficult to grow. Water hyacinths breed mainly in tropical or subtropical swamps and lakes, so they have failed to be commercialized because the accessibility of machinery and transportation is difficult to foreign countries. However, because Korea's reservoirs are for management purposes, all reservoirs are maintained to enable vehicle access, making it easy to enter vehicles and having a stable depth.

In the United States or Canada, where corn is used to produce plant resources according to the characteristics of each country, corn is grown and harvested after a certain amount of time by plowing vast soil, seeding, and fertilizing with water. Korea is the best place for water hyacinth, because it can solve all the problems such as grounding and fertilizer problem simply by pouring it into the reservoir by truck to the reservoir, and it is possible to produce the cheapest livestock feed or mushroom raw material in the world. It is the only alternative that can boost your competitiveness to the world's best.

It is the only plant that can produce 1kg of feed-worthy raw material for less than 150 won on earth, and it is a new gene that does not exist for less than 150 won on earth and that weed abandoned plants can become economic crops in accordance with Korean infrastructure. Will cause.

Water hyacinth has been known for a long time for its great water purification ability, and it is a plant that grows by treating nitrogen, phosphorus, etc., which is the main cause of water pollution, which is not solved by modern industrial society. It is a very valuable genetic resource that can naturally solve water pollution, transform agriculture into a competitive industry, and be profitable instead of profitable by improving the landscape of water resources.

As described above, water hyacinth is a mushroom raw material and its growth rate is very fast, so it is very secure in quantity, but in order to use it as a mushroom raw material, it must contain about 70% of water to grow mushroom hyphae smoothly. It is so smooth that no water can penetrate. Therefore, it was a difficult task to easily infiltrate water into the tissue and facilitate the mycelial growth in a medium of 70% moisture. In particular, water hyacinth has developed a cuticle layer on the surface in order to maintain the floating in water, the cuticle layer covers the epidermal cells of various parts including leaves. The cuticle layer forms a protective layer that prevents water from penetrating from the outside, and also has a function of suppressing water loss, and is very difficult to penetrate pathogens or pests. Therefore, the mushroom hyphae is also difficult to penetrate.

Therefore, water hyacinth was very good as a raw material for mushroom cultivation, but the mushroom cultivation was not well done, and it was confirmed that it was very difficult without treating the cuticle as a cause. Therefore, depending on the surface treatment method showed a lot of difference in the number of days of cultivation of mycelium mycelium or mushroom production. The present invention to the cellulose to the surface to the mushroom mycelia to penetrate the mushroom medium raw material, the lack of domestic supply of medium raw material and the effect of import substitution.

In order to break the cuticle layer, a method of giving a rough wound to the leaves or stems during mechanical treatment to open the space where mushroom bacteria can penetrate the cuticle film is broken by a ham hairer. You can see this fast. In addition, the number of days required for first initiation was 15.3 days. In other words, this is the case when cutting with a ham-header as shown in the results of the experiment, such as cutting the long fibers and destroying the smooth cuticle layer on the surface of the hyacinth, the treatment method of mushroom growth, productivity, Excellent in economics.

The higher the number of mushroom hyphae growth in the table means that the mycelial growth is faster, and the mushrooms are germinated after the mycelial growth is completed. As the number of times increases, imports increase, which is very positive for improving the economic power of mushroom farms.

Most mushroom cultivation ingredients are distributed in a dry state, so when the medium is manufactured, water must be added to ensure 70% moisture to grow mushroom mycelium. If the water hyacinth is not used in a water-containing state, it is dried and then dried water hyacinth whenever necessary.In this case, as mentioned above, water is not penetrated when the medium is produced unless the cuticle layer is destroyed and dried. .

By using the mushroom cultivation medium containing the water hyacinth of the present invention can not only increase the income of cultivated farms by reducing the growth period of the mushrooms and increase the production, but also can replace the existing expensive medium raw materials to reduce the raw material As a result, it is expected to be economically valuable in the field of mushroom cultivation.

1 is a photograph showing the inner portion of the ham hair fur used to break the cuticle layer of the water hyacinth surface in the embodiment of the present invention.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following examples. However, these are only for illustrating the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited by these examples.

Example 1 Preparation of Media Containing Water hyacinth

Water hyacinth was collected in the Singal (Suwon) reservoir in November 2007, dried for 2 months in the open field, and then dried for 1 day in a dryer at 95 ℃ to prepare a water content of 15% by weight or less.

Thus prepared hyacinth (using both roots, stems and leaves) was cut as shown in Tables 1 to 3 below, and / or used to form scratches on the surface. Cutting the ham head fur as described in Tables 1 and 2 means that by cutting using the ham head fur, cutting the water hyacinth to a size of 3 to 4 cm and then scratches the surface to break the cuticle layer on the surface.

The mushroom cultivation medium was prepared by adding water to the water hyacinth prepared as described above to have a water content of 70% by weight.

Example 2: Inoculation of Oyster Mushroom Strains

Mushroom strains were inoculated in a medium containing water hyacinth of various sizes prepared in Example 1. Inoculation of the mushroom strain was carried out using the seedling of the number one No. 1 among the varieties of oyster mushrooms from the Anseong Farmers Mushroom Research Institute in Gyeonggi-do. The medium was adjusted to 70% by weight of water, sterilized for 40 minutes at 121 ℃ after the surface seeding the seed. The spawn seed was inoculated with 5 g of strain inoculum in 800 g of medium.

Example 3: Determination of Pleurotus eryngii Mycelial Growth and Days of Dependence on the Size and Cutting Size of Water hyacinth Surface Scratches

The inoculated Pleurotus eryngii mycelium was incubated at 25 ° C., and the mycelial growth height (cm) of the 3rd, 5th, 7th, 10th, and 12th days of culture was measured and shown in Table 1 below.

Height of Pleurotus mycelial growth according to the type and size of water hyacinth cutting in the medium (unit: cm) cut 10cm simple cutting 3 ~ 4cm simple cutting Ham haircut cutting
(3-4cm) Blender cutting
(1mm or less) Number of repeats A B C A B C A B C A B C 3rd day One One 2 One 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 Day 5 3 3 3 4 4 5 6 7 7 6 6 6 7th day 5 6 5 6 6 7 10 10 10 8 8 7 Day 10 7 8 8 8 9 9 9 10 9 Day 12 complete complete complete complete complete complete complete complete complete complete complete complete

As shown in Table 1, the growth of Pleurotus eryngii showed a significant difference depending on the cutting type and size of the water hyacinth. When cultivated with long fiber (10cm cut), mycelial permeation mainly spread through the cut surface, and some of the surface was destroyed little by little, and hyphae slid through it, and the whole oyster mushroom mycelium was active. The growth was very slow compared to 5 days or more. In addition, when inoculated with mycelium by pulverizing finely to a size of 1mm or less with a blender, mycelial sliding was faster than using long fiber, but after containing water, it almost became a porridge and caused problems such as breathing. There was no good effect as a medium.

Next, the days required for the first day of oyster mushroom culture (800 g) according to the cutting shape and size of the water hyacinth are shown in Table 2 below.

cut 10cm cutting 3 ~ 4cm cutting Ham haircut cutting
(3-4 cm) Blender cutting
(1mm or less) Number of repeats A B C A B C A B C A B C Beginner
Days 23 22 22 21 21 20 15 16 15 19 19 18 Average 22.3 days Average 20.7 days Average 15.3 days Average 18.6 days

The higher the number of mushroom hyphae growth in Table 1 and Table 2 is that the hyphae growth is faster, and the mushrooms are germinated after the hyphae growth is completed. This means that the number of cultivation increases.

As can be seen from the above results, water hyacinth has a very developed cuticle layer to hinder the infiltration of mushroom mycelia through the leaves or stems, mushroom mushroom mycelium can not stick unless some of the shredding. Therefore, in order to use as a mushroom medium, it should be cut to 3cm or less, and cracks should be formed on the surface of leaves and stems, and it should be finely crushed.

Among the mechanical treatments for the cuticle layer destruction, a method of breaking the leaves or stems to open a space where mushrooms can penetrate the cuticle film is a method of crushing by a ham hairer. It can be seen that the formation of a lot of lychee mycelia fast. In addition, the number of days required for first initiation was 15.3 days.

When cutting with a ham head fur (see FIG. 1) as in the present embodiment, the treatment of water hyacinth in the form of cutting long fibers and destroying a smooth cuticle layer on the surface was excellent in mushroom growth, productivity, and economy. . In this embodiment, the ham head fur serves to cut the long fibers while destroying the hard cuticle layer surrounding the internal tissue with a particularly strong structure of the stem and leaves.

Example 4: Measurement of Pleurotus eryngii Production According to Water hyacinth Cut Size

Using the medium containing the water hyacinth cut to the cut size of Table 3 below to culture the mushrooms and measured the yield.

In Example 1, 10% by weight of rice bran (Ansung Material Ginseng Farming Co., Ltd.) was added to the medium prepared to include hyacinth cut to the cut size of Table 3 below, and each 800 g was quantified and sterilized at 121 ° C. for 40 minutes. Thereafter, as in Example 2, the inoculation of the oyster mushroom spawn, and after 25 days of cultivation, the production amount was measured by the amount harvested once generated at the mushroom fruit generation temperature 16 ℃.

Pleurotus mushroom yield according to water hyacinth cutting size (unit: g / (800g medium)) Repeat count → A B C D E Average Cutting size ↓ 1mm or less 120 130 130 130 125 131 Average 5mm 150 160 150 150 160 154 Average 10mm 160 200 180 165 170 175 Average 20mm 160 185 180 170 165 172 Average 30mm 150 170 155 160 170 161 50mm average 120 120 130 135 125 126 Original 125 130 105 110 105 115

The original in the table represents uncut hyacinth.

As confirmed in Table 3, it can be seen that the water production is significantly reduced due to poor pores in the fine grain size of the water hyacinth cutting 1mm or less. Overall, the cut sizes of 10 mm and 20 mm showed the best production yields, and among these, 10 mm showed the best porosity and the highest production yields. On the other hand, when the cut size is 50mm, the growth of the mushroom mycelium is propagated through the longitudinal section, so it takes a lot of time until the end of the growth of the mycelium, and the mushroom production is sharply reduced. The raw material used as a control can be seen that the amount of pores is so rich that the lychee mycelium nutrients are used to fill the pores and the yield is significantly reduced. Therefore, the cut size of 5 ~ 30mm was found to be a condition for satisfactory yield.

Example 5: Comparison of Pleurotus eryngii Produce according to the Ratio of Water hyacinth Addition

In Example 4, the addition of the hyacinth having a cutting size of 10 mm, which showed the best effect, was compared with the production of Pleurotus eryngii according to the mixing of the ellipticals. Yield comparison test was carried out in the same manner as in Example 4 except for using the medium described in Table 4 below (common to rice bran 10% by weight) as a medium.

The results obtained are shown in Table 4 below.

Comparison of Pleurotus Mushroom Yield According to the Ratio of Water hyacinth (10mm Cutting) and Mixing Ellipse (Unit: g / (Based on 800g medium)) Water hyacinth addition rate No additives 20 wt%
adding 40 wt%
adding 60 wt%
adding
80 wt%
adding 100 wt%
adding Raw material ↓ Cotton wool 175 177 176 173 170 170 Corn Cove 150 155 160 160 165 170 sawdust 130 135 155 162 164 170

In Table 4, cotton silk, corn cob, and sawdust were purchased from Anseong Ginseng Farming Cooperative, and the amount of water hyacinth was based on the total medium weight.

As can be seen in Table 4, in the change of the production of Pleurotus mushrooms for each combination according to the addition of 10mm cutting water hyacinth, the combination with cotton silk showed the best results, in particular 20% by weight and 40% by weight of water hyacinth When added, the highest yield was found. In raw materials other than cotton silk, the production of oyster mushroom increases with the increase in the amount of water hyacinth added, and it can be proved that the nutrients are superior to that of no addition.

In particular, the result was the same as cotton seedlings, which had the highest yield in cultivation, and found a possibility that it could be used as a substitute material in the future. Therefore, by adding water hyacinth as a medium and using it as a medium, it is possible to greatly contribute to cost reduction while maintaining the effect of increasing production, and it is expected that the production can be increased by adding water hyacinth to other raw materials, thereby contributing to farm income.

Claims (8)

As a mushroom cultivation medium containing a water hyacinth,
The water hyacinth is cut to the size of 5mm to 30mm in length and 5mm to 23mm in width, or the surface is scratched,
Mushroom cultivation badge. The method of claim 1,
The water hyacinth is cut to the size of 5mm to 30mm in length and 5mm to 23mm in width, the surface is scratched,
Mushroom cultivation badge. The method of claim 1,
The content of the water hyacinth is 20 to 100% by weight based on the total weight of the medium,
Mushroom cultivation badge. The method of claim 1,
At least one selected from the group consisting of cotton silk, corn cob, sawdust, beet pulp, rice bran, and barley as an ingredient other than water hyacinth,
Mushroom cultivation badge. 5. The method of claim 4,
In the ingredient except water hyacinth, I include cotton silk,
The water content of water hyacinth is 20 to 40% by weight based on the total weight of the medium,
Mushroom cultivation badge. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
Characterized in that it is used for cultivating one or more mushrooms selected from the group consisting of oyster mushroom, matsutake mushroom, mushroom mushroom, enoki mushroom, willow mushroom, soybean mushroom, lychee mushroom, mandala mushroom, and shiitake mushroom,
Mushroom cultivation badge. Comprising the step of inoculating the mushroom spawn to the mushroom cultivation medium of any one of claims 1 to 5,
How to grow mushrooms. The method of claim 7, wherein the mushroom is one or more selected from the group consisting of oyster mushroom, matsutake mushroom, mushroom mushroom, enoki mushroom, willow mushroom, thirsty mushroom, matsutake mushroom, mandala mushroom, and shiitake mushroom .

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