CN105010074A - Dwarf waxberry tree cultivating method - Google Patents

Dwarf waxberry tree cultivating method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105010074A
CN105010074A CN201510453967.XA CN201510453967A CN105010074A CN 105010074 A CN105010074 A CN 105010074A CN 201510453967 A CN201510453967 A CN 201510453967A CN 105010074 A CN105010074 A CN 105010074A
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branch
field planting
tree
stone
raw
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CN105010074B (en
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梁森苗
戚行江
郑锡良
任海英
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Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005Cultivation methods
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G2/00Vegetative propagation
    • A01G2/30Grafting
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00Botany in general
    • A01G7/06Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Ecology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a dwarf waxberry tree cultivating method. The method comprises the steps that field planting is conducted on waxberry tree grafted seedlings and/or grafted unions are processed differently, wherein after field planting is conducted, the angle between trunks and the ground plant ranges from 67.5 degrees to 78.75 degrees, or the grafted unions are 2-4 cm higher than the soil face but should be covered with soil 25 completely, and the grafted unions are covered with the soil with the thickness being 2 cm or more. By means of the method, dwarfing of waxberry trees can be achieved, the waxberry juvenile phase can be shortened, and the yield of waxberries at the early stage can be increased.

Description

A kind of red bayberry downgrades tree-like breeding method
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of plant cultivation, belong to the method utilizing field planting measure and cultivation method to downgrade strawberry tree concretely.
Background technology
Red bayberry (Myrica rubra Sieb.et Zucc) belongs to Myruca ceas (Myricaceae) Myrica(Myrica) (Myrica L.) plant, it is one of precious fruit of special product of south China, also be good greening and Properties of Fire Prevention Trees, generally plant in south China mountain red soil and yellow earth soil property, cultivation optimum pH is between 4.5-5.5.At present, red bayberry is under natural suitable condition, and the tree-like height of strawberry tree is 5-8m, and the width of tree crown is 4-6m, due to tree-like tall and big, brings no small difficulty to the harvesting of Waxberry fruit; In addition, for some facility cultivations, tall trees shape adds the cost of management.
This is necessary to provide a kind of new method to downgrade the tree-like of red bayberry, does not affect the yield per unit area of red bayberry simultaneously, shortens the result virgin phase of red bayberry, and improves quality and the commodity rate of Waxberry fruit.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiency of conventional art, the invention provides a kind of new red bayberry and downgrade tree-like breeding method, it is tree-like that the method can downgrade red bayberry, shortens the result virgin phase, reach per unit area yield, Advantageous Effects that commodity rate all improves.
The method comprises the steps:
(1) wipe out main root before field planting, cut and determine trunk, only stay a trunk and be highly 30cm, and remove grafting nylon film;
(2) in the kind plant hole that length, width and height are 60cm, first fill out stone or fragment of brick during field planting as block material, grafting mouth is stayed native face but is needed all standing;
(3) field planting relief trunk becomes 67.5 ° of-78.75 ° of angles with ground level;
(4) 1-2 after definite value gives free rein to growth, and annual 3-7 month is native nitrogen fertilizer application 0.05-0.1kg monthly;
Only draw a method, support branch method, layer method (5) the 3rd year spring or hang a method shaping and do not prune, April, every strain in June are executed phosphate fertilizer 0.25-0.5kg and are added potassium sulfate 1-1.5kg;
Continue employing (6) the 4th year spring draw a method, support branch method, layer method or hang a method shaping and do not prune, first allow descending branch, interior thorax branch yield positive results, press the tip with fruit, control to nourish and grow; Later 5-10 progressively dredges and deletes vertical branch thus control height of tree crown within 2.5m, applies fertilizer based on pure potash fertilizer, sees that tree imposes suitable nitrogen, suitable phosphorus and trace element fertilizer.
In some preferred modes, choose raw grafting field planting in 1 year, select 2-3 month in spring to carry out field planting.
In some preferred modes, the obstacle filled out is at least 2/3rds, Gao Du≤20cm of planting pit bottom length and width.In this fashion, the stone filled out or fragment of brick occupy 2/3rds of whole planting pit bottom length and width, and being all generally fill up bottom whole planting pit, is highly probably within 20cm.Stone used can be that the stone that multiple stone fills up or large fills up about 2/3rds of planting pit bottom length and width.
In some preferred modes, " grafting mouth stays Tu Mianshang " is allowed to refer to when field planting, the position of grafting mouth is stayed in the plane of horizon, namely stay on Major Nutrient soil layer face, allow grafting mouth and ground level have certain distance, this distance can be 3-5cm, also can be 5-6cm, or 8cm, or 10cm.The grafting mouth reserved is not completely in atmosphere exposed, but needs " all standing " to live grafting mouth.Preferably, soil is covered to the position of grafting mouth at least 1cm above.This measure is very crucial, and former documents and materials or grower, under field planting buries horizon plane grafting mouth often, cause trunk infusion over growth and fruiting period is postponed.
In preferred mode, draw a method, support branch method, layer method, hang a method, all the main skeleton branches to the raw red bayberry of 3-10, be raw in tree crown middle and upper part, growing way is vigorous, become the vertical growth branch that life in 1 year of the Zhi Jing≤1cm of 90 ± 10 ° is above with horizontal plane, to the post-job angle of these branches, 22.5 °-45 ° all should be become with horizontal plane.Draw a method to refer to first to be fixed on the stake on ground with one end of rope, the other end is then fixed on the upper position of skeleton branch.The batten of the diameter 1.5-2cm around support branch method refers to and utilizes on mountain, is supported on 2 skeleton branches.Layer method refers to the stone utilized on mountain, is directly pressed on the branch of skeleton branch.Hang a method refer to one end of rope first fix stone, fragment of brick, the mineral water bottle be filled with water, dress mud or dress stone plastic bag on, the other end is fixed on diameter 1-1.5cm again, is about in the batten of 10cm or bamboo cane, then batten or bamboo cane is hung on the branch of skeleton branch.
In a preferred mode, descending branch is raw in tree crown middle and lower part, and sagging growth, become the branch of < 0 ° and >-45 ° with horizontal plane.
In a preferred mode, interior thorax branch is raw at inner canopy, the major branch of all Zhi Jing≤1cm.
Later 5-10 progressively dredges and deletes vertical branch, applies fertilizer based on pure potash fertilizer, sees tree fertilising.
Preferably, the kind of described red bayberry is ' east chief ' strawberry tree.Preferably, stock variety is charcoal plum, and scion is ' east chief ' red bayberry.
Figure of description:
Fig. 1 is the schematic perspective view of the planting pit in an embodiment of the invention, wherein, the place 10 of landfill stone or fragment of brick is 2/3rds of whole planting pit 20 bottom length and width, such as, be 1/3rd, i.e. 20cm of definite value cave bottom at the height that represents of horizontal line of 30.
Fig. 2 is the grafting mouth basseted and the schematic diagram covering grafting mouth with soil, wherein, 21 is the trunk of strawberry tree, then blocks trunk when field planting, and having allowed is highly 30 cm, 20 is the position of interface, the i.e. position of grafting mouth, 24 is horizontal plane, the namely position in Major Nutrient soil layer face, 25 for covering the soil layer of grafting mouth, and 23 is stock; 22 is main root, is generally wiped out before field planting.
Beneficial effect
The invention provides a kind of new method, can the dwarfing of strawberry tree be carried out by cultivation and do sth. in advance result, increase the output (unit are) of red bayberry and improve quality and the commodity rate of red bayberry.
Describe in detail
Carry out the explanation of specific embodiment below.
Embodiment
Examples of implementation: different cultivation method is on the impact of the single plant yield of red bayberry, quality, commodity rate and Dwarf Effect on Dwarf.
Experiment material: examination material kind is: stock variety is charcoal plum, scion is ' east chief ' red bayberry.
One: optimization process or best cultivation method as follows:
Cultivation method of the present invention (being called for short " optimization process ") (different process has different changes):
Choose raw grafting field planting in 1 year, select to transplant in 2-3 month in spring, the method for definite value is as follows:
(1) wipe out main root 22 before field planting, cut and determine trunk 21, only stay a trunk and height 30cm, and remove grafting nylon film;
(2) first in the kind plant hole 20 of 60cm × 60cm × 60cm, fill out the block material such as stone or fragment of brick 10 during field planting, allow the obstacle of stone or fragment of brick occupy 2/3rds (as shown in Figure 1) of whole kind of plant hole bottom; Grafting mouth 20 reserves native face 24 but needs all standing, covers with fine earth or other sandy soil 25, and after field planting, grafting mouth 20 reserves native face 2-4cm, but interface needs to cover with soil 25 comprehensively, is covered on grafting mouth more than 2cm (as shown in Figure 2);
(3) trunk described in field planting relief becomes 67.5 ° of-78.75 ° of angles with ground level;
(4) within the 2nd year after definite value, give free rein to growth, annual 3-7 month is native nitrogen fertilizer application 0.05-0.1kg monthly;
Only rely on (5) the 3rd year spring and draw a method, support branch method, layer method or hang a method shaping and do not prune, April, every strain in June are executed phosphate fertilizer 0.25-0.5kg and are added potassium sulfate 1-1.5kg;
Continue employing (6) the 4th year spring draw a method, support branch method, layer method or hang a method shaping and do not prune, first allow descending branch, interior thorax branch yield positive results, press the tip with fruit, control to nourish and grow;
(7) 5-10 is progressively thin later deletes vertical branch and controls height of tree crown always within 2.5m, applies fertilizer based on pure potash fertilizer, sees that tree imposes suitable nitrogen, suitable phosphorus and trace element fertilizer.
Wherein, in step 5 or 6, for drawing a method, support branch method, layer method, hanging a method, all the main skeleton branches to the raw red bayberry of 3-10, be raw in tree crown middle and upper part, growing way is vigorous, become the vertical growth branch that life in 1 year of the Zhi Jing≤1cm of 90 ± 10 ° is above with horizontal plane, to the post-job angle of these branches, 22.5 °-45 ° all should be become with horizontal plane.
Draw a method to refer to first to be fixed on the stake on ground with one end of rope, the other end is then fixed on the upper position of skeleton branch.
The batten of the diameter 1.5-2cm around support branch method refers to and utilizes on mountain, is supported on 2 skeleton branches.
Layer method refers to the stone utilized on mountain, is directly pressed on the branch of skeleton branch.
Hang a method refer to one end of rope first fix stone, fragment of brick, the mineral water bottle be filled with water, dress mud or dress stone plastic bag on, the other end is fixed on diameter 1-1.5cm again, is about in the batten of 10cm or bamboo cane, then batten or bamboo cane is hung on the branch of skeleton branch.Descending branch is raw in tree crown middle and lower part, and sagging growth, become the branch of < 0 ° and >-45 ° with horizontal plane; Interior thorax branch is raw at inner canopy, the major branch of all Zhi Jing≤1cm.
Contrast:
Do not carry out any special planting type, allow it be planted in self-sow in the soil environment the same with the strawberry tree of optimization process (or below each different disposal), fertilising processes consistent with of the present invention each.
Each process in triplicate, adds up output, the commodity rate of individual plant; The substance of the fruit of unit are.Each processes parallel carrying out, and carries out simultaneously, carries out identical water and fertilizer management, allow their growing environment and condition be consistent as far as possible for amended strawberry tree and contrast.Being calculated as follows of wherein dwarfing rate: (average heights of the average height-process trees of contrast trees) ÷ contrasts the average height of trees.
Concrete process and result as follows:
First group of process:
All methods are all identical with the content described in above-mentioned " optimization process or best cultivation method ", except " trunk described in field planting relief becomes 67.5 ° of-78.75 ° of angles with the ground level " angle that is following different disposal:
Process 1: the trunk described in field planting relief and ground level at 45 °;
Process 2: the trunk described in field planting relief becomes 56.25 ° with ground level;
Process 3: the trunk described in field planting relief becomes 67.5 ° with ground level;
Process 4: the trunk described in field planting relief becomes 78.75 ° with ground level;
Process 5: the trunk described in field planting relief and ground level (vertical growth) in 90 °.
Result is as follows:
Table 1: this first group of processing method and the comparison contrasting strawberry tree field planting 11 years each indexs at the same time.
As can be seen from the above results, for the red bayberry sapling after field planting, trunk and ground is allowed to become different angles to be the more crucial factors of of affecting that strawberry tree downgrades; Process 3 with 4 angle can reach relative about 67% dwarfing rate, and other process dwarfing rates still lower.So the angle of process 3 and 4 may be best angle.In addition, such angle not only can obtain reasonable single plant yield, and commodity rate is also higher.
Second group of process:
All methods are all identical with the content described in above-mentioned " cultivation method of the present invention ", except following process:
Process 6: grafting mouth does not reserve ground (subsurface 5cm);
Process 7: grafting mouth reserves ground (on ground 5cm), but does not cover any material, in atmosphere exposed;
Process 8: grafting mouth reserves ground (on ground 5cm), but all cover with soil, and in atmosphere not exposed, the height of covering is 2cm on grafting mouth;
Process 9: grafting mouth reserves ground (on ground 5cm), but all cover with soil, and in atmosphere not exposed, the height of covering is 4cm on grafting mouth.
Result is as follows:
Table 2: this second group of processing method and the comparison contrasting strawberry tree field planting 11 years each indexs at the same time.
As can be seen from above process, for the red bayberry sapling of grafting, whether whether grafting mouth reserve ground and adopt fine earth to cover, also be another the important factor affecting strawberry tree dwarfing, grafting mouth not only will reserve on the surface of Major Nutrient soil, but also needs to use fine earth all standing, effectively can obtain dwarfing so tree-like, all increase to output and average commodity rate, the height for the grafting mouth with map combining can be 2-4 centimetre on grafting mouth simultaneously.
3rd group of process:
All methods all with the content identical (optimum treatment mode) described in above-mentioned " optimization process or best cultivation method ".
Result is as follows:
Table 3: cultivation method of the present invention (the best) with contrast strawberry tree field planting 11 years at the same time
Pluck with standing Dwarfing rate/% Average strain output Average commodity Average fruit
Rate/% (relative comparison) /kg Rate % Weight/g
Optimization process 100.00 59.75 65.4 82.45 46.3
Contrast 43.39 34.8 37.52 13.1
As can be seen from above process, strawberry tree after optimization process of the present invention is after field planting in 11 years, also relatively suitable dwarfing rate is obtained, this seems to confirm, the angle on trunk and ground and the process of grafting mouth are the single dwarfing because usually affecting strawberry tree, two can adopt separately to implement, and seem not have synergistic effect.
Table 4: each different disposal is on the impact (mean value that 50 fruits measure) of red bayberry quality.
As can be seen from above process, the strawberry tree of different disposal, the quality for fruit also has impact, and optimization process does not affect significantly with the quality of process 3-4 and 8-9 on fruit, but all improves significantly than contrast.

Claims (6)

1. red bayberry downgrades a tree-like breeding method, it is characterized in that, the method comprises the steps:
Choose raw grafting field planting in 1 year, select 2-3 month in spring to carry out transplanting definite value, method is as follows:
(1) wipe out main root before field planting, cut and determine trunk, only stay trunk and height 30cm, and remove grafting nylon film;
(2) in the kind plant hole of 60cm × 60cm × 60cm, first fill out the block materials such as the stone of Gao Du≤20cm or fragment of brick during field planting, grafting mouth reserves native face but needs all standing, allows the obstacle of stone or fragment of brick occupy 2/3rds of whole kind of plant hole bottom; Wherein, after field planting, grafting mouth reserves native face 2-4cm, but interface needs to cover with soil 25 comprehensively, covers more than 2cm on grafting mouth;
(3) trunk described in field planting relief becomes 67.5 ° of-78.75 ° of angles with ground level;
(4) within the 2nd year after definite value, give free rein to growth, annual 3-7 month is native nitrogen fertilizer application 0.05-0.1kg monthly;
Only rely on (5) the 3rd year spring and draw a method, support branch method, layer method or hang a method shaping and do not prune, April, every strain in June are executed phosphate fertilizer 0.25-0.5kg and are added potassium sulfate 1-1.5kg;
Continue (6) the 4th year spring to adopt drawing a method, support branch method, layer method or hanging a method shaping and do not prune of step (5), first allow descending branch, interior thorax branch yield positive results, press the tip with fruit, control to nourish and grow;
(7) progressively dredge in 5-10 later and delete vertical branch and control height of tree crown always within 2.5m, apply fertilizer based on pure potash fertilizer, see that tree imposes suitable nitrogen, suitable phosphorus and trace element fertilizer;
Wherein, in step 5 or 6, for drawing a method, support branch method, layer method, hanging a method, all the main skeleton branches to the raw red bayberry of 3-10, be raw in tree crown middle and upper part, growing way is vigorous, become the vertical growth branch that life in 1 year of the Zhi Jing≤1cm of 90 ± 10 ° is above with horizontal plane, to the post-job angle of these branches, 22.5 °-45 ° all should be become with horizontal plane.
2. method according to claim 1, wherein, described draw a method to refer to first to be fixed on the stake on ground with one end of rope, the other end is then fixed on the upper position of skeleton branch.
3. method according to claim 1, wherein, the batten of the diameter 1.5-2cm around support branch method refers to and utilizes on mountain, is supported on 2 skeleton branches.
4. method according to claim 1, wherein, layer method refers to the stone utilized on mountain, is directly pressed on the branch of skeleton branch.
5. method according to claim 1, wherein, hang a method refer to one end of rope first fix stone, fragment of brick, the mineral water bottle be filled with water, dress mud or dress stone plastic bag on, the other end is fixed on diameter 1-1.5cm again, is about in the batten of 10cm or bamboo cane, then batten or bamboo cane is hung on the branch of skeleton branch.
6. method according to claim 1, wherein, described descending branch is raw in tree crown middle and lower part, and sagging growth, become the branch of < 0 ° and >-45 ° with horizontal plane; Described interior thorax branch is raw at inner canopy, the major branch of all Zhi Jing≤1cm.
CN201510453967.XA 2015-07-29 2015-07-29 A kind of red bayberry downgrades tree-like breeding method Active CN105010074B (en)

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Cited By (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105309267A (en) * 2015-11-10 2016-02-10 浙江省农业科学院 Method of trimming and cultivating waxberry tree into inverted umbrella shape

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105309267A (en) * 2015-11-10 2016-02-10 浙江省农业科学院 Method of trimming and cultivating waxberry tree into inverted umbrella shape
CN105309267B (en) * 2015-11-10 2018-04-10 浙江省农业科学院 A kind of red bayberry fall " crowd " tree-like trimming and breeding method

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