CN105010074B - A kind of red bayberry downgrades tree-like breeding method - Google Patents

A kind of red bayberry downgrades tree-like breeding method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105010074B
CN105010074B CN201510453967.XA CN201510453967A CN105010074B CN 105010074 B CN105010074 B CN 105010074B CN 201510453967 A CN201510453967 A CN 201510453967A CN 105010074 B CN105010074 B CN 105010074B
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branch
tree
raw
graft union
stone
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CN105010074A (en
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梁森苗
戚行江
郑锡良
任海英
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Hangzhou Wangmei Modern Agricultural Technology Co ltd
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Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005Cultivation methods
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G2/00Vegetative propagation
    • A01G2/30Grafting
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00Botany in general
    • A01G7/06Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Ecology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of red bayberry and downgrades tree-like breeding method, and this method includes carrying out definite value and/or the different disposal for graft union to strawberry tree grafting;Wherein, the trunk and ground level are allowed after field planting into 67.5 ° of 78.75 ° of angles;Alternatively, after field planting, graft union reserves native 2 4cm of face, but interface needs to be covered with soil 25 comprehensively, is covered in more than 2cm in graft union.Method using the present invention, can not only realize the tree-like dwarfing of strawberry tree, while can shorten red bayberry result juvenile phase, improve early stage red bayberry yield.

Description

A kind of red bayberry downgrades tree-like breeding method
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of plant cultivation, concretely belongs to and strawberry tree is carried out using field planting measure and cultural method The method of dwarfing.
Background technology
Red bayberry (Myrica rubra Sieb.et Zucc) belongs to Myruca ceas (Myricaceae) Myrica(Myrica) (Myrica L.) Plant, is one of specialty treasure fruit of south China, and good greening and Properties of Fire Prevention Trees, is generally planted in south China mountainous region Red soil and yellow earth soil property, cultivation optimum pH is between 4.5-5.5.At present, red bayberry is under natural suitable condition, strawberry tree Tree-like height is 5-8m, and the width of tree crown is 4-6m, and due to tree-like tall and big, the picking to Waxberry fruit brings no small tired It is difficult;In addition, for some facility cultivations, tall trees shape adds the cost of management.
It is necessary to provide a kind of new method for this to be downgraded to the tree-like of red bayberry, while does not influence the unit of red bayberry Area output, shortens the result juvenile phase of red bayberry, and improves the quality and commodity rate of Waxberry fruit.
The content of the invention
For the deficiency of conventional art, the present invention provides a kind of new red bayberry and downgrades tree-like breeding method, and this method can It is tree-like to downgrade red bayberry, shorten result juvenile phase, reach per unit area yield, the advantageous effects that commodity rate all improves.
This method comprises the following steps:
(1) main root is wiped out before being colonized, cuts and determines trunk, it is 30cm only to stay a trunk and height, and removes grafting nylon film;
(2) it is first to fill out stone or brick in the kind plant hole of 60cm to stay as block material, graft union in length, width and height when being colonized In native face but need all standing;
(3) trunk and ground level are allowed after being colonized into 67.5 ° of -78.75 ° of angles;
(4) 1-2 after definite value gives free rein to grow, monthly native nitrogen fertilizer application 0.05-0.1kg of annual 3-7 months;
(5) the 3rd year spring only drew a method, support branch method, layer method or hung a method shaping without trimming, and April, June are every Strain applies phosphate fertilizer 0.25-0.5kg and adds potassium sulfate 1-1.5kg;
(6) the 4th year spring continued, using drawing branch method, support branch method, layer method or hanging a method shaping without trimming, first to allow sagging Branch, interior thorax branch are yielded positive results, and are pressed the tip with fruit, are controlled nutrient growth;Later 5-10, which is progressively dredged, deletes vertical branch so as to control tree crown Height is applied fertilizer based on pure potash fertilizer within 2.5m, sees that tree imposes suitable nitrogen, suitable phosphorus and trace-element fertilizer.
In some preferable modes, raw grafting field planting in 1 year is chosen, selection is colonized in month in spring 2-3.
In some preferable modes, the obstacle filled out be at least 2/3rds, Gao Du of planting pit bottom length and width≤ 20cm.In this fashion, the stone or brick filled out occupy 2/3rds of whole planting pit bottom length and width, are typically all Whole planting pit bottom is filled up, height is about within 20cm.Stone used can be that multiple stones fill up or one big Stone fill up 2/3rds or so of planting pit bottom length and width.
In some preferable modes, allow " graft union stay in Tu Mianshang " refer to field planting when, the position of graft union is stayed In the plane of horizon, that is, stay on Major Nutrient soil layer face, allow graft union that there is a certain distance with ground level, this A distance can be 3-5cm or 5-6cm, either 8cm or 10cm.The graft union reserved is not completely exposed in sky In gas, but " all standing " is needed to live graft union.Preferably, soil covering to the more than graft union at least position of 1cm.This is arranged Apply very crucial, pervious documents and materials or grower bury graft union under the plane of horizon often in field planting, cause tree body Nutrient growth is excessively prosperous and fruiting period is postponed.
In preferable mode, branch method is drawn, branch method, layer method is supportted, hangs a method, is the main bone to the raw red bayberries of 3-10 Dry branch, i.e., it is raw in tree crown middle and upper part, growing way is vigorous, with the horizontal 1 year of 90 ± 10 ° of Zhi Jing≤1cm it is raw more than it is straight Vertical growth branch, should all be with the horizontal 22.5 ° -45 ° to the post-job angle of these branches.Branch method is drawn to refer to rope One end is first fixed on the stake on ground, and the other end is then fixed on the upper position of skeleton branch.Support branch method refers to utilize surrounding mountain On diameter 1.5-2cm batten, be supported on 2 skeleton branches.Layer method refers to, using the stone on mountain, directly bear against backbone On the branch of branch.A method is hung to refer to first fix stone, brick, the mineral water bottle being filled with water, dress mud or dress stone with one end of rope Plastic bag on, the other end is fixed on diameter 1-1.5cm, is about on the batten or bamboo cane of 10cm again, then batten or bamboo cane Hang on the branch of skeleton branch.
In a preferable mode, descending branch is raw in tree crown middle and lower part, sagging growth, with the horizontal 0 ° of < and > -45 ° of branch.
In a preferable mode, interior thorax branch is raw in inner canopy, the major branch of all Zhi Jing≤1cm.
Later 5-10, which is progressively dredged, deletes vertical branch, applies fertilizer based on pure potash fertilizer, sees tree fertilising.
Preferably, the kind of the red bayberry is ' east chief ' strawberry tree.Preferably, stock variety is charcoal plum, and scion is ' east Chief ' red bayberry.
Figure of description:
Fig. 1 is the schematic perspective view of the planting pit in an embodiment of the invention, wherein, fill stone or brick Place 10 be whole 20 bottom length and width of planting pit 2/3rds, such as 30 horizontal line represent height be definite value cave bottom 1/3rd, i.e. 20cm.
Fig. 2 is the graft union and the schematic diagram with soil covering graft union basseted, wherein, 21 be the trunk of strawberry tree, Trunk is blocked when field planting again, has allowed height to be 30 centimetres or so, 20 be the position of the position, i.e. graft union of interface, and 24 are Horizontal plane, that is, the position in Major Nutrient soil layer face, 25 is cover the soil layer of graft union, and 23 be stock;22 be main root, generally Wiped out before field planting.
Beneficial effect
The present invention provides a kind of new method, the dwarfing of strawberry tree can be carried out by cultivating and ahead of time as a result, increase poplar The yield (unit area) of plum and the quality and commodity rate for improving red bayberry.
Describe in detail
The explanation of specific embodiment is carried out below.
Embodiment
Examples of implementation:Influence of the different cultural methods to the single plant yield of red bayberry, quality, commodity rate and Dwarf Effect on Dwarf.
Experiment material:Trying material kind is:Stock variety is charcoal plum, and scion is ' east chief ' red bayberry.
One:Optimization process or optimal cultural method are as follows:
The cultural method (referred to as " optimization process ") (different processing have different changes) of the present invention:
Raw grafting field planting in 1 year is chosen, selection is transplanted in month in spring 2-3, and the method for definite value is as follows:
(1) main root 22 is wiped out before being colonized, cuts and determines trunk 21, only stay a trunk and height 30cm, and it is thin to remove grafting nylon Film;
(2) stone or the grade block material of brick 10 are first filled out in the kind plant hole 20 of 60cm × 60cm × 60cm when being colonized, allows stone The obstacle of block or brick occupies 2/3rds (as shown in Figure 1) of whole kind plant hole bottom;Graft union 20 reserve native face 24 but All standing is needed, is covered with fine earth or other sandy soil 25, after field planting, graft union 20 reserves native face 2-4cm, but interface needs entirely Face is covered with soil 25, covering to more than 2cm (as shown in Figure 2) in graft union;
(3) trunk and ground level are allowed after being colonized into 67.5 ° of -78.75 ° of angles;
(4) the 2nd year after definite value gives free rein to grow, monthly native nitrogen fertilizer application 0.05-0.1kg of annual 3-7 months;
(5) the 3rd year spring, which only relied on, draws branch method, support branch method, layer method or hangs a method shaping without trimming, April, June Every plant of part applies phosphate fertilizer 0.25-0.5kg and adds potassium sulfate 1-1.5kg;
(6) the 4th year spring continued, using drawing branch method, support branch method, layer method or hanging a method shaping without trimming, first to allow sagging Branch, interior thorax branch are yielded positive results, and are pressed the tip with fruit, are controlled nutrient growth;
(7) 5-10 is progressively thin later deletes vertical branch and controls height of tree crown to apply fertilizer within 2.5m with pure potash fertilizer always Based on, see that tree imposes suitable nitrogen, suitable phosphorus and trace-element fertilizer.
Wherein, it is to the raw red bayberries of 3-10 for drawing branch method, support branch method, layer method, hanging a method in step 5 or 6 Main skeleton branch, i.e., it is raw in tree crown middle and upper part, growing way is vigorous, with the horizontal 90 ± 10 ° of Zhi Jing≤1cm life in 1 year with On vertical growth branch, should all be with the horizontal 22.5 ° -45 ° to the post-job angle of these branches.
Branch method is drawn to refer to first be fixed on the stake on ground with one end of rope, on the other end is then fixed in skeleton branch Position.
Support branch method refers to the batten using the diameter 1.5-2cm on surrounding mountain, is supported on 2 skeleton branches.
Layer method refers to, using the stone on mountain, directly bear against on the branch of skeleton branch.
A method is hung to refer to first fix stone, brick, the mineral water bottle being filled with water, dress mud or the back of the body for filling stone with one end of rope On heart bag, the other end is fixed on diameter 1-1.5cm, is about on the batten or bamboo cane of 10cm again, and then batten or bamboo cane are hung over On the branch of skeleton branch.Descending branch is raw in tree crown middle and lower part, sagging growth, with the horizontal 0 ° and > -45 ° of branches of < Bar;Interior thorax branch is raw in inner canopy, the major branch of all Zhi Jing≤1cm.
Control:
Without any special planting type, it is allowed to be planted in and optimization process (or following each different disposal) Grow, apply fertilizer consistent with each processing of the present invention naturally in the same soil environment of strawberry tree.
Each processing in triplicate, counts yield, the commodity rate of single plant;The substance of the fruit of unit area.Each processing Parallel progress, and being carried out at the same time, for the amended strawberry tree water and fertilizer management identical with control progress, allows their growth ring Border and condition are consistent as far as possible.The calculating of wherein dwarfing rate is as follows:(compare being averaged for average height-processing trees of trees Highly) ÷ compares the average height of trees.
Specific processing and result are as follows:
First group of processing:
All methods are all identical with the content described in above-mentioned " optimization process or optimal cultural method ", except " field planting The trunk and ground level are allowed afterwards into 67.5 ° of -78.75 ° of angles " be following different disposal angle:
Processing 1:Allow the trunk and ground level at 45 ° after field planting;
Processing 2:Allow the trunk with ground level into 56.25 ° after field planting;
Processing 3:Allow the trunk with ground level into 67.5 ° after field planting;
Processing 4:Allow the trunk with ground level into 78.75 ° after field planting;
Processing 5:Allow the trunk and ground level (vertical growth) in 90 ° after field planting.
As a result it is as follows:
Table 1:This first group of processing method is colonized the comparison of 11 years each indexs with compareing strawberry tree at the same time.
As can be seen from the above results, for the red bayberry sapling after field planting, trunk is allowed with ground to be to influence into different angle The crucial factor of a comparison that strawberry tree is downgraded;The angle of processing 3 and 4 can reach opposite 67% or so dwarfing rate, and The dwarfing rate of other processing is still than relatively low.So the angle of processing 3 and 4 is probably optimal angle.In addition, this The angle of sample can not only obtain relatively good single plant yield, but also commodity rate is also higher.
Second group of processing:
All methods are all identical with the content described in above-mentioned " cultural method of the invention ", except following processing:
Processing 6:Graft union does not reserve ground (subsurface 5cm);
Processing 7:Graft union reserves ground (5cm on ground), but does not cover any material, it is exposed in atmosphere;
Processing 8:Graft union reserves ground (5cm on ground), but is all covered with soil, it is not exposed in atmosphere, covering Height be 2cm in graft union;
Processing 9:Graft union reserves ground (5cm on ground), but is all covered with soil, it is not exposed in atmosphere, covering Height be 4cm in graft union.
As a result it is as follows:
Table 2:This second group of processing method is colonized the comparison of 11 years each indexs with compareing strawberry tree at the same time.
Processing can be seen that the red bayberry sapling for grafting more than, and whether graft union reserve ground and using thin Soil covering, and another important factor that strawberry tree is downgraded is influenced, graft union will not only reserve the surface of Major Nutrient soil On, and also need to use fine earth all standing, so can effectively obtain downgrade it is tree-like, while to yield and average commodity rate All increase, the height for the graft union with map combining can be 2-4 centimetres on graft union.
3rd group of processing:
All methods (optimization process side all identical with the content described in above-mentioned " optimization process or optimal cultural method " Formula).
As a result it is as follows:
Table 3:The cultural method (optimal) of the present invention is colonized 11 years at the same time with compareing strawberry tree
Pick with standing Dwarfing rate/% Average strain yield Average commodity Average fruit
Rate/% (relative comparison) /kg Rate % Weight/g
Optimization process 100.00 59.75 65.4 82.45 46.3
Control 43.39 34.8 37.52 13.1
The processing more than is as can be seen that the strawberry tree after the optimization process of the present invention in 11 years, also obtains phase after field planting To suitable dwarfing rate, this seems to confirm, the processing of the angle and graft union on trunk and ground is single because usually influencing red bayberry The dwarfing of tree, two can individually use to implement, it appears that not synergistic effect.
Table 4:Influence (average value of 50 fruit measure) of each different disposal to red bayberry quality.
More than processing as can be seen that different disposal strawberry tree, also have an impact for the quality of fruit, optimization process with Processing 3-4 and 8-9 does not have the quality of fruit significant impact, but all improves significantly than control.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of red bayberry downgrades tree-like breeding method, it is characterised in that this method comprises the following steps:
Raw grafting field planting in 1 year is chosen, selects month in spring 2-3 to carry out transplant planting, method is as follows:
(1) main root is wiped out before being colonized, cuts and determines trunk, only stay trunk and height 30cm, and remove grafting nylon film;
(2) stone or brick for first filling out Gao Du≤20cm when being colonized in the kind plant hole of 60cm × 60cm × 60cm are used as gear Thing, graft union reserve native face but need all standing, allow stone or brick obstacle to occupy 2/3rds of whole kind plant hole bottom;Its In, after field planting, graft union reserves native face 2-4cm, but interface needs to be covered in more than graft union 2cm with soil covering comprehensively;
(3) trunk and ground level are allowed after being colonized into 67.5 ° of -78.75 ° of angles;
(4) give free rein to grow within the 2nd year after being colonized, monthly every plant of nitrogen fertilizer application 0.05-0.1kg of annual 3-7 months;
(5) the 3rd year spring, which only relied on, draws branch method, support branch method, layer method or hangs a method shaping without trimming, and April, June are every Strain applies phosphate fertilizer 0.25-0.5kg and adds potassium sulfate 1-1.5kg;
(6) the 4th year spring continued the drawing branch method using step (5), support branch method, layer method or hung a method shaping without trimming, first Allow descending branch, interior thorax branch to yield positive results, the tip is pressed with fruit, controls nutrient growth;
(7) progressively prunes off in 5-10 later vertical branch and always control height of tree crown within 2.5m, apply fertilizer using pure potash fertilizer as It is main, see that tree imposes suitable nitrogen, suitable phosphorus and trace-element fertilizer;
Wherein, in step( 5)Or step( 6)In, it is to life in 3 years for drawing branch method, support branch method, layer method, hanging a method Or the main skeleton branch of 4 years raw red bayberries, i.e., it is raw in tree crown middle and upper part, growing way is vigorous, with the horizontal 90 ± 10 ° of diameter The vertical growth branch of the raw above in 1 year of≤1cm, to the post-job angle of these branches, should all with the horizontal 22.5 °- 45°。
2. according to the method described in claim 1, wherein, the drawing branch method refers to first be fixed on ground with one end of rope On stake, the other end is then fixed on the upper position of skeleton branch.
3. according to the method described in claim 1, wherein, support branch method refers to the batten using the diameter 1.5-2cm on surrounding mountain, It is supported on 2 skeleton branches.
4. according to the method described in claim 1, wherein, layer method refers to, using the stone on mountain, directly bear against skeleton branch On branch.
5. according to the method described in claim 1, wherein, a method of hanging refers to first fix stone, brick with one end of rope, is filled with water Mineral water bottle, dress mud or fill stone plastic bag on, the other end be fixed on again diameter 1-1.5cm, the batten for being about 10cm or In bamboo cane, then batten or bamboo cane are hung on the branch of skeleton branch.
6. according to the method described in claim 1, wherein, the descending branch is raw in tree crown middle and lower part, sagging growth, with Branch of the horizontal plane into 0 ° and > -45 ° of <;The interior thorax branch is raw in inner canopy, the major branch of all Zhi Jing≤1cm.
CN201510453967.XA 2015-07-29 2015-07-29 A kind of red bayberry downgrades tree-like breeding method Active CN105010074B (en)

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CN105309267B (en) * 2015-11-10 2018-04-10 浙江省农业科学院 A kind of red bayberry fall " crowd " tree-like trimming and breeding method

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CN100393193C (en) * 2002-10-18 2008-06-11 何园球 High survival rate technology for transplanting red babyberry in large area
CN100405894C (en) * 2005-04-25 2008-07-30 浙江省农业科学院 Bayberry dwarfing intermediate stock and its utilization method
CN101810120B (en) * 2010-04-01 2011-08-31 鲍永舟 Ecological regulation and control method of waxberry
CN103733939A (en) * 2013-12-27 2014-04-23 湖南省南岳树木园 Method for increasing waxberry grafting survival rate

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