CN108925359A - The implantation methods of mountain area high yield Kiwi berry - Google Patents
The implantation methods of mountain area high yield Kiwi berry Download PDFInfo
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- CN108925359A CN108925359A CN201811158067.2A CN201811158067A CN108925359A CN 108925359 A CN108925359 A CN 108925359A CN 201811158067 A CN201811158067 A CN 201811158067A CN 108925359 A CN108925359 A CN 108925359A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
Abstract
The invention discloses the implantation methods of mountain area high yield Kiwi berry, include the following steps: the selection in 1) orchard；2) it is colonized seedling；3) seedling tree manages；4) bearing tree management: interlacing fruiting: fruiting First Year retains the bud in the main stem of one side, extracts all buds in the main stem of another side, and second year in turn, allows both sides main stem by year to replace fruiting again；Root management: after National Day picking, the soil on Kiwi berry bottom one side being ploughed deeply, root is all interrupted, and the root for retaining another side is motionless, and fertilising after having beaten, second year in turn, the soil of Kiwi berry bottom another side is ploughed deeply, is applied fertilizer after root is all interrupted again；Winter pruning.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to planting technical field more particularly to the implantation methods of mountain area high yield Kiwi berry.
Background technique
Actinidia is called carambola, rattan peach, carambola in Actinidiaceae, originating in China.Because being one kind that macaque is liked eating
Wild fruit, so being Kiwi berry.Its fruity is sour-sweet, there is nutritive value abundant, is known as the good reputation of " treasure in fruit ".Kiwi berry
Male female 2 kinds of plant point, male plants crinosity leaf is small, blooms also more early than female plants, and female plants lack hair or hairless, leaf
Son is greater than male plants leaf.Kiwi berry has nutritive value abundant and good medical value, contains in fruit a large amount of
Gas chromatographies and several mineral materials needed by human and the vitamin such as sugar, protein, amino acid, it is especially ascorbic
Content is extra-high, and in every 100g Chinese gooseberry fresh fruit, Vitamin C content is generally 100-200mg, actinidia latiifolia vitamin C
It is 898.2140mg/100g fresh fruit containing battalion, considerably beyond citrus, apple and the beauty for being known as " king of fruit ", " king of vitamin C "
Claim, tested according to U.S. Rutgers university food research center, Kiwi berry is that nutritional ingredient is most abundant, most comprehensive in various fruit
Fruit.Nowadays, Kiwi berry has been widely used in food cooking, beverage fruit wine is brewed, and is the favorite tonic food of people
Product.Modern medicine study shows that kiwifruit fruit contains excellent dietary fiber and antioxidant abundant, can play heat-clearing
The effect of fall fire, moistening dryness for relaxing bowels can effectively prevent and treat constipation and hemorrhoid.Kiwi berry is rich in arginine, can effectively change
There is blood flow, prevent the formation of thrombus, has centainly to cardiovascular diseases such as coronary heart disease, hypertension, myocardial infarction, artery sclerosis
Curative effect.Song Puju (1984) research discovery carambola juice can effectively block N-nitrosomorpholine in the intracorporal synthesis of people, tool
There is the effect of inhibition cancer in digestive system (such as cancer of the esophagus, gastric cancer, carcinoma of the rectum).In addition, Kiwi berry contains anti-mutagenic components paddy
The sweet peptide of Guang is conducive to the mutation for inhibiting to induce cancer gene, to a variety of cancer cells disease such as liver cancer, lung cancer, cutaneum carcinoma, prostate cancer
Change has certain inhibiting effect.Since Kiwi berry is emerging fruit tree, disease pest harm is few, in the course of cultivation Pesticide use amount pole
Few, compared with the dosage of other fruit trees, the Pesticide use amount of Kiwi berry is very little.
Guangxi is one of Kiwi berry source area, and natural environmental condition (especially osmanthus north) is well suited for planting Kiwi berry.Guangxi
Be located in low latitudes, light, heat condition are good, the Kiwi berry maturity period than the north it is early, while again with the maturity period of American-European countries on the contrary,
With superior four supplies advantage.In recent years, as the demand of Kiwi berry international market increases, Actinidia In Guangxi ecology potential
Head is good, and cultivated area is in rising trend, and area is more than more than 60,000 mus, and every jin, a traditional unit of weight of 10-15 member of product procurement price, benefit is very
Significantly.Since Kiwi berry development potentiality is big, in the second batch agricultural prevalent variety cultivation center that autonomous region in 2012 is assert, " Guangxi Mi
Monkey peach prevalent variety cultivation " center " is appeared on the list of successful candidates；Department of Agriculture of autonomous region started " National modern agricultural industry technical system in 2013
Actinidia In Guangxi innovation team ", it is intended to by the construction of innovation team, promote the sound development of Actinidia In Guangxi industry.Currently,
Guilin City, Yueye County, the Nandan County Deng Di government of most appropriate development Kiwi berry attach great importance to the development of Kiwi berry, implement the Ministry of Agriculture
Door knob Kiwi berry is grabbed as local Main Agricultural industry, especially Guilin City, using Kiwi berry as after grape industry
Another emerging agricultural industry is grabbed, and is given to plantation peasant household and is tilted in policy.Kiwi berry is suitable for mountain development, is precisely helped carrying out
In poor assault of fortified positions, develop the preferred industry that Kiwi berry is industry poverty alleviation.
The county Long Sheng is located at northeast of Guangxi, the Guilin City northwestward, and boundary is in 109 ° of 43 ˊ 28 of east longitude " -110 ° of 21'14 ", north latitude
25 ° 297-26 ° 12 " between, it is located in subtropical zone, belongs to monsoon weather, abundant rainfall, pleasant Climate, 18.1 DEG C of average temperature of the whole year,
Average 314 days, annual rainfall 1500-2400mm frost-free period, is the Guangxi the most abundant county of wild Fructus actinidiae chinensis resource, a point city has within the border
13 kinds of wild Fructus actinidiae chinensis, wherein the Chinese gooseberry of most value of exploiting and utilizing, Kiwifruit, green fruit Kiwi berry, hair spend Mi
Monkey peach, golden flower Kiwi berry etc. are distributed, and are one of Actinidia In Guangxi optimum planting areas.2012 counties Nian Longsheng are helped with industry
Poor form develops red kiwifruit, ends more than 5000 mu of E of area in 2016, obtains good economic benefits, 2015-2016,
Poor village peasant only plants red kiwifruit one average income per household just up to 30,000 yuan, becomes the first choice of the accurate poverty alleviation in the county Long Sheng
Industry.But dragon victory Kiwi berry production process in, since the scientific and technological level of grower is low, abuse chemical fertilizer, herbicide, pesticide phenomena such as
It is generally existing；Simultaneously as lacking standardized planting administrative skill, cause trunk infusion unbalance, yield per unit area is low, quality
Difference, it is difficult to it builds brand, thus the Kiwi berry industry rate of climb for winning dragon is slow.In conclusion the Kiwi berry in the county Yao Shilongsheng
Industry is quick, it is sustainable, develop in a healthy way, realize high-quality synergy, it is necessary to there is standardized cultivation technique to support.Therefore, it opens
Exhibition is using kiwi products upgrading synergy as the simple and laborsaving cultivation of target, water-saving irrigation, integrated pest prevention and control, cost-saving synergistic and standard
That Integration ofTechnology demonstration for changing cultivation, promotes production application, promotes the development of the increasing peasant income of the county Long Sheng and rural economy, society
It is the task of top priority.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the implantation methods of mountain area high yield Kiwi berry, during solving existing Kiwifruit Culture
Due to lacking standardized planting administrative skill, cause trunk infusion unbalance, yield per unit area is low, poor quality, it is difficult to make product
Board, the problem for causing the Kiwi berry industry rate of climb slow.
The implantation methods of high yield Kiwi berry in mountain area of the present invention, include the following steps:
1) selection in orchard: the leeward hillside or hills level land on the sunny side of selection, fertile soil is loose, and irrigation and drainage system is complete
It is kind, it is not easy the place of ponding；Soil is improved before orchard establishment, plant trench is dug according to density, surface soil and subsoil are separated heap
Put and base fertilizer backfill together, or dig planting pit, to the preferable plot of edaphic condition, the mode of planting pit is dug in selection, surface soil and
Subsoil separates, and backfills with digging as trench, for being easy the low-lying plot of ponding, is cultivated using high ridge, dredges discharge conduit, mountain
Irrigation canals and ditches surrounded by mountains are dug in ground orchard, and each gutter communicates, rainy season draining, dry season irrigation；
2) it is colonized seedling: being transplanted before fall foliage front and back to spring rudiment, set up bracket and cultivated, selection is straight
The Kiwi berry seedling of the pogoniasis root of diameter 0.6cm or more, when plant, rootstock is level with the ground, and graft union is not buried in the earth, root
System unfolds, and is tightly combined root system with soil, is watered with root water；
3) seedling tree manages:
1. determining tip pinching: sending out selecting a root thickness strong and the straight tip being held to give over to trunk for two branch to taking out, stay 5-6 to another branch
Piece leaf carries out pinching, as auxiliary support branch；
2. top dressing: by the end of April, height of branching out only imposes loose stool water less than 20.0cm, the high 30.0cm's of branch, in loose stool fertilizer
Every plant is affixed by urea 25g；
3. removing the weeds on tree disk, winter stalks mulching heat and moisture preserving in time；Branch is tied up and is helped on inserted link；To bending
Or the seedling to attenuate carries out pinching, promotes overstriking and vertical growth；
4. field planting current year, cutting in trunk 30cm eminence and doing calmly, one to two main seedling is selected to grow restocking by it, culture one is dry
Two climing tree-shaped after Kiwi berry is grown to higher than frame face 20.0cm, then cut upper part under frame face at 20.0cm, stay 2 it is good
Bud grows up to 2 main stems, and main stem does permanent major branch, and major branch spreading angle is 50-60 degree；
Young sprout carries out pinching and inspires sublateral shoot, young sprout controls length in 1.5 meters, every plant of macaque when 40-50cm or so is long
Peach controls young sprout within 6, and young sprout consolidation is fixed on frame；
Sublateral shoot pinching again in 35-40cm retains descending branch item, removes the upright branch of prosperous growth, guarantees to carry out annual bearing；
4) bearing tree management:
1. fertilizer and water management: diligent weeding is loosened the soil, and the gas permeability of soil is kept, in the garden Shu Panhuoquan green manuring；
2. pest management: specific aim prevents and treats the universal insect pest of Kiwi berry, disease；
3. flower and fruit management and field management:
Interlacing fruiting: fruiting First Year, retain one side main stem on bud, extract another side main stem on all buds, second
Year in turn, allows both sides main stem by year to replace fruiting again；
Fruiting forms standard fruit according to tree vigo(u)r, bud thinning, thin flower bud, fruit thinning, and reasonable fruit thinning is from inside outwards, first up and then down, first
Fruitlet, malformed fruit, disease pest fruit are first removed, followed by towards day fruit, without the fruit on leaf fruit branch, position is selected and remain and is given birth to downwards with fruit branch two sides
Preferably, fruit spacing is 4-5cm to long fruit on same fruit branch, and long fruit branch stays fruit 3-4, and medium fruit branch stays fruit 2-3, fruit spur, flower
Pencil fruitful branch stays fruit one or does not stay, and every plant fruiting 120-150,1 fruit is supplied according to 8-10 piece leaf；
Field management: timely weeding is removed using artificial or grass-mowing machine, uses herbicide less；
Root management: after National Day picking, the soil on Kiwi berry bottom one side is ploughed deeply, root is all interrupted, retain another side
Root it is motionless, fertilising after having beaten, second year in turn, the soil of Kiwi berry bottom another side ploughed deeply, after root is all interrupted again
Fertilising；
Winter pruning: layout is built with " one dry two climing, 2 fonts ", two climing branch out leave 20.0cm distance, distance results
50.0cm ties up 1 branch side shoot between the branch of female branch, to cultivate sturdy bearing basal shoot, maintains sparse direct sunlight irradiation ground
Face enables lower leave to obtain more light quantity, for on-bladed, quick-fried bud, cut before winter, is laid out in advance, stay base portion
Bud, retraction.
The selection in orchard described in step 1) of the present invention refers to and selects leeward hillside or hills level land on the sunny side, soil
Fertile loose, irrigation and drainage system is perfect, is not easy the place of ponding；Soil is improved before orchard establishment, plant trench is dug according to density,
Deep 80cm, wide 100-120cm together backfill surface soil and subsoil pile up separately and base fertilizer, or dig planting pit, to soil item
The mode of planting pit is dug in the preferable plot of part, selection, digs the rectangular cave of depth 80cm, width 100cm, surface soil and subsoil separate, and dig
Trench equally backfills, and for being easy the low-lying plot of ponding, is cultivated using high ridge, dredges discharge conduit, hillside orchard digs surrounded by mountains
Irrigation canals and ditches, each gutter communicate, rainy season draining, dry season irrigation.
Field planting seedling described in step 2) is transplanted before fall foliage front and back to spring rudiment, and the autumn plants nursery stock wound
Mouth healing is early, is conducive to root regeneration, and planting survival rate is high, and seedling-slowing stage is short, and growth is vigorous, before and after spring planting is with early spring rainwater section, wound
Stream was completed before the phase, but effect is planted not as good as the autumn；It sets up bracket to be cultivated, posture is T shape pony set, the Zhi Zhugao of T shape pony set
2.8m is buried in the earth 0.8m, aerial part 2.0m, the long 1.5-2.0m of the crossbeam of hedge top of the trellis, and crossbeam pulls up the road 3-5 iron wire,
Away from 0.4-0.7m, the wild Fructus actinidiae chinensis seedling of the pogoniasis root of diameter 0.6cm or more is selected, when plant, rootstock and ground phase
Flat, graft union is not buried in the earth, and root system is unfolded, and is tightly combined root system with soil, is watered with root water, pungent sulphur is spread fertilizer over the fields during seedling
Phosphorus, anti-subterranean pest-insect and nematode hurt root.
Bearing tree management described in step 4), refers to:
1. fertilizer and water management: diligent weeding is loosened the soil, and keeps the gas permeability of soil, and fertilising and weeding are as shallow as possible, in order to avoid injure master
Root, in the garden Shu Panhuoquan green manuring；
2. pest management: specific aim prevents and treats the universal insect pest of Kiwi berry: applied perfume, coccid, be secondly leafhopper,
Scarab beetle；Disease has black spot, blossom rot, is secondly Root―rot disease, root-knot nematode, gray mold, ripe maize ear rot, brown spot, bacillary
Canker and iron chlorosis disease；
3. flower and fruit management and field management:
Fruiting forms standard fruit, every plant of fruiting 120-150 is a, according to 8-10 piece leaf according to tree vigo(u)r, bud thinning, thin flower bud, fruit thinning
To supply 1 fruit；
Field management: timely weeding is removed using artificial or grass-mowing machine, uses herbicide less；
Root management: after National Day picking, the soil on Kiwi berry bottom one side is ploughed deeply, width 1m, depth 40-50cm, root
All interrupt, the root for retaining another side is motionless, apply fertilizer after having beaten, second year again in turn, by the soil of Kiwi berry bottom another side
It ploughs deeply, applies fertilizer after root is all interrupted；
Winter pruning: layout is built with " one dry two climing, 2 fonts ", two climing branch out leave 20.0cm distance, distance results
50.0cm ties up 1 branch side shoot between the branch of female branch, to cultivate sturdy bearing basal shoot, maintains sparse direct sunlight irradiation ground
Face enables lower leave to obtain more light quantity, for on-bladed, quick-fried bud, cuts before winter, avoiding cannot be overwintering, meets with
It by freeze injury, is laid out in advance, stays bud of base portion, bounce back.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the advantages that
1, the nutrition of Kiwi berry in cold highland area provides ability, absorbability is less than the level land of low altitude area, even if increasing
The supply of fertilizer, as the environment of high and cold mountain area and cause nutrient absorption insufficient.The present invention is by interlacing fruiting, so that two
The branch interval fruiting on side, reduces the nutritional stresses of plant, promotes branch sustainable development, if not using interlacing fruiting,
Then cause plant nutrition insufficient, under low output.
2, after being picked by National Day, the soil on Kiwi berry bottom one side is ploughed deeply for implantation methods of the invention, and root is all beaten
It is disconnected, allow long new root, the root for retaining another side is motionless, apply fertilizer after having beaten, second year again in turn, by Kiwi berry bottom another side
Soil is ploughed deeply, and is applied fertilizer after root is all interrupted, and such actinidia tree is motionless, by moving in turn for root soil, allows the root of actinidia tree
Left and right is moved in turn, and several benefits are done so: after 1. digging the root on disconnected one side, good to apply fertilizer, the nutrition supply pipeline of fertilising is short, is conducive to inhale
It receives；2. digging the newly long root having no progeny, loosing soil is easy to ventilative；3. ploughing deeply the soil on one side, soil plate can be effectively prevented
Knot.
3, using implantation methods of the invention, Kiwi berry per mu yield reaches 4510 pounds/acre, and pol reaches 16.5-18.5.
Specific embodiment
With embodiment, the invention will be further described below, but the invention is not limited to these embodiments.
Embodiment:
The implantation methods of mountain area high yield Kiwi berry, include the following steps:
1) selection in orchard: the leeward hillside or hills level land on the sunny side of selection, fertile soil is loose, and irrigation and drainage system is complete
It is kind, it is not easy the place of ponding；Soil is improved before orchard establishment, is dug according to density and transplants trench, deep 80cm, wide 100-120cm,
Surface soil and subsoil pile up separately and base fertilizer are backfilled together, or dig planting pit, to the preferable plot of edaphic condition, selection is dug
The mode of planting pit digs the rectangular cave of depth 80cm, width 100cm, and surface soil and subsoil are separated, backfilled with digging as trench, for holding
The low-lying plot of easy ponding, is cultivated using high ridge, dredges discharge conduit, and hillside orchard digs irrigation canals and ditches surrounded by mountains, and each gutter communicates, rain
Season draining, dry season irrigation；
2) it is colonized seedling: being transplanted before fall foliage front and back to spring rudiment, the autumn plants nursery stock wound healing morning, is conducive to
Root regeneration, planting survival rate is high, and seedling-slowing stage is short, and growth is vigorous, and before and after spring planting is with early spring rainwater section, bleeding was completed before the phase, but
Effect is planted not as good as the autumn；It sets up bracket to be cultivated, posture is T shape pony set, and the Zhi Zhugao 2.8m of T shape pony set is buried in the earth
0.8m, aerial part 2.0m, the long 1.5-2.0m of the crossbeam of hedge top of the trellis, crossbeam pull up the road 3-5 iron wire, spacing 0.4-0.7m, choosing
Select the wild Fructus actinidiae chinensis seedling of the pogoniasis root of diameter 0.6cm or more, when plant, rootstock is level with the ground, and graft union is not buried
In burying, root system is unfolded, and is tightly combined root system with soil, is watered with root water, and phoxim, anti-subterranean pest-insect are spread fertilizer over the fields during seedling
Hurt root with nematode；
3) seedling tree manages:
1. determining tip pinching: sending out selecting a root thickness strong and the straight tip being held to give over to trunk for two branch to taking out, stay 5-6 to another branch
Piece leaf carries out pinching, as auxiliary support branch；
2. top dressing: by the end of April, height of branching out only imposes loose stool water less than 20.0cm, the high 30.0cm's of branch, in loose stool fertilizer
Every plant is affixed by urea 25g；
3. removing the weeds on tree disk, winter stalks mulching heat and moisture preserving in time；Branch is tied up and is helped on inserted link；To bending
Or the seedling to attenuate carries out pinching, promotes overstriking and vertical growth；
4. field planting current year, cutting in trunk 30cm eminence and doing calmly, one to two main seedling is selected to grow restocking by it, culture one is dry
Two climing tree-shaped after Kiwi berry is grown to higher than frame face 20.0cm, then cut upper part under frame face at 20.0cm, stay 2 it is good
Bud grows up to 2 main stems, and main stem does permanent major branch, and major branch spreading angle is 50-60 degree；
Young sprout carries out pinching and inspires sublateral shoot, young sprout controls length in 1.5 meters, every plant of macaque when 40-50cm or so is long
Peach controls young sprout within 6, and young sprout consolidation is fixed on frame；
Sublateral shoot pinching again in 35-40cm retains descending branch item, removes the upright branch of prosperous growth, guarantees to carry out annual bearing；
4) bearing tree management:
1. fertilizer and water management: diligent weeding is loosened the soil, and keeps the gas permeability of soil, and fertilising and weeding are as shallow as possible, in order to avoid injure master
Root, in the garden Shu Panhuoquan green manuring；
2. pest management: specific aim prevents and treats the universal insect pest of Kiwi berry: applied perfume, coccid, be secondly leafhopper,
Scarab beetle；Disease has black spot, blossom rot, is secondly Root―rot disease, root-knot nematode, gray mold, ripe maize ear rot, brown spot, bacillary
Canker and iron chlorosis disease；
3. flower and fruit management and field management:
Interlacing fruiting: fruiting First Year, retain one side main stem on bud, extract another side main stem on all buds, second
Year in turn, allows both sides main stem by year to replace fruiting again；
Fruiting forms standard fruit, every plant of fruiting 120-150 is a, according to 8-10 piece leaf according to tree vigo(u)r, bud thinning, thin flower bud, fruit thinning
To supply 1 fruit；
Field management: timely weeding is removed using artificial or grass-mowing machine, uses herbicide less；
Root management: after National Day picking, the soil on Kiwi berry bottom one side is ploughed deeply, width 1m, depth 40-50cm, root
All interrupt, the root for retaining another side is motionless, apply fertilizer after having beaten, second year again in turn, by the soil of Kiwi berry bottom another side
It ploughs deeply, applies fertilizer after root is all interrupted；
Winter pruning: layout is built with " one dry two climing, 2 fonts ", two climing branch out leave 20.0cm distance, distance results
50.0cm ties up 1 branch side shoot between the branch of female branch, to cultivate sturdy bearing basal shoot, maintains sparse direct sunlight irradiation ground
Face enables lower leave to obtain more light quantity, for on-bladed, quick-fried bud, cuts before winter, avoiding cannot be overwintering, meets with
It by freeze injury, is laid out in advance, stays bud of base portion, bounce back.
Comparative example (useless to be managed using interlacing fruiting and root):
1) selection in orchard: the leeward hillside or hills level land on the sunny side of selection, fertile soil is loose, and irrigation and drainage system is complete
It is kind, it is not easy the place of ponding；Soil is improved before orchard establishment, is dug according to density and transplants trench, deep 80cm, wide 100-120cm,
Surface soil and subsoil pile up separately and base fertilizer are backfilled together, or dig planting pit, to the preferable plot of edaphic condition, selection is dug
The mode of planting pit digs the rectangular cave of depth 80cm, width 100cm, and surface soil and subsoil are separated, backfilled with digging as trench, for holding
The low-lying plot of easy ponding, is cultivated using high ridge, dredges discharge conduit, and hillside orchard digs irrigation canals and ditches surrounded by mountains, and each gutter communicates, rain
Season draining, dry season irrigation；
2) it is colonized seedling: being transplanted before fall foliage front and back to spring rudiment, the autumn plants nursery stock wound healing morning, is conducive to
Root regeneration, planting survival rate is high, and seedling-slowing stage is short, and growth is vigorous, and before and after spring planting is with early spring rainwater section, bleeding was completed before the phase, but
Effect is planted not as good as the autumn；It sets up bracket to be cultivated, posture is T shape pony set, and the Zhi Zhugao 2.8m of T shape pony set is buried in the earth
0.8m, aerial part 2.0m, the long 1.5-2.0m of the crossbeam of hedge top of the trellis, crossbeam pull up the road 3-5 iron wire, spacing 0.4-0.7m, choosing
Select the wild Fructus actinidiae chinensis seedling of the pogoniasis root of diameter 0.6cm or more, when plant, rootstock is level with the ground, and graft union is not buried
In burying, root system is unfolded, and is tightly combined root system with soil, is watered with root water, and phoxim, anti-subterranean pest-insect are spread fertilizer over the fields during seedling
Hurt root with nematode；
3) seedling tree manages:
1. determining tip pinching: sending out selecting a root thickness strong and the straight tip being held to give over to trunk for two branch to taking out, stay 5-6 to another branch
Piece leaf carries out pinching, as auxiliary support branch；
2. top dressing: by the end of April, height of branching out only imposes loose stool water less than 20.0cm, the high 30.0cm's of branch, in loose stool fertilizer
Every plant is affixed by urea 25g；
3. removing the weeds on tree disk, winter stalks mulching heat and moisture preserving in time；Branch is tied up and is helped on inserted link；To bending
Or the seedling to attenuate carries out pinching, promotes overstriking and vertical growth；
4. field planting current year, cutting in trunk 30cm eminence and doing calmly, one to two main seedling is selected to grow restocking by it, culture one is dry
Two climing tree-shaped after Kiwi berry is grown to higher than frame face 20.0cm, then cut upper part under frame face at 20.0cm, stay 2 it is good
Bud grows up to 2 main stems, and main stem does permanent major branch, and major branch spreading angle is 50-60 degree；
Young sprout carries out pinching and inspires sublateral shoot, young sprout controls length in 1.5 meters, every plant of macaque when 40-50cm or so is long
Peach controls young sprout within 6, and young sprout consolidation is fixed on frame；
Sublateral shoot pinching again in 35-40cm retains descending branch item, removes the upright branch of prosperous growth, guarantees to carry out annual bearing；
4) bearing tree management:
1. fertilizer and water management: diligent weeding is loosened the soil, and keeps the gas permeability of soil, and fertilising and weeding are as shallow as possible, in order to avoid injure master
Root, in the garden Shu Panhuoquan green manuring；
2. pest management: specific aim prevents and treats the universal insect pest of Kiwi berry: applied perfume, coccid, be secondly leafhopper,
Scarab beetle；Disease has black spot, blossom rot, is secondly Root―rot disease, root-knot nematode, gray mold, ripe maize ear rot, brown spot, bacillary
Canker and iron chlorosis disease；
3. flower and fruit management and field management:
Fruiting forms standard fruit, every plant of fruiting 120-150 is a, according to 8-10 piece leaf according to tree vigo(u)r, bud thinning, thin flower bud, fruit thinning
To supply 1 fruit；
Field management: timely weeding is removed using artificial or grass-mowing machine, uses herbicide less；
Winter pruning: layout is built with " one dry two climing, 2 fonts ", two climing branch out leave 20.0cm distance, distance results
50.0cm ties up 1 branch side shoot between the branch of female branch, to cultivate sturdy bearing basal shoot, maintains sparse direct sunlight irradiation ground
Face enables lower leave to obtain more light quantity, for on-bladed, quick-fried bud, cuts before winter, avoiding cannot be overwintering, meets with
It by freeze injury, is laid out in advance, stays bud of base portion, bounce back.
2012-2017 wins in Guilin dragon, has carried out experiment and has compared, the result of pregnant year is as follows:
Claims (4)
1. the implantation methods of mountain area high yield Kiwi berry, which comprises the steps of:
1) selection in orchard: the leeward hillside or hills level land on the sunny side of selection, fertile soil is loose, and irrigation and drainage system is perfect, no
The place of easy ponding；Soil is improved before orchard establishment, plant trench is dug according to density, surface soil and subsoil pile up separately, and
Base fertilizer backfills together, or digs planting pit, and to the preferable plot of edaphic condition, the mode of planting pit, surface soil and subsoil are dug in selection
It separates, is backfilled with digging as trench, for being easy the low-lying plot of ponding, cultivated using high ridge, dredge discharge conduit, mountainous region fruit
Irrigation canals and ditches surrounded by mountains are dug in garden, and each gutter communicates, rainy season draining, dry season irrigation；
2) it is colonized seedling: being transplanted before fall foliage front and back to spring rudiment, set up bracket and cultivated, select diameter
The Kiwi berry seedling of the pogoniasis root of 0.6cm or more, when plant, rootstock is level with the ground, and graft union is not buried in the earth, root system
Unfold, be tightly combined root system with soil, is watered with root water；
3) seedling tree manages:
1. determining tip pinching: sending out selecting a root thickness strong and the straight tip being held to give over to trunk for two branch to taking out, stay 5-6 piece leaf to another branch
Pinching is carried out, as auxiliary support branch；
2. top dressing: by the end of April, height of branching out only imposes loose stool water less than 20.0cm, the high 30.0cm's of branch, every plant in loose stool fertilizer
It is affixed by urea 25g；
3. removing the weeds on tree disk, winter stalks mulching heat and moisture preserving in time；Branch is tied up and is helped on inserted link；To bending or become
Thin seedling carries out pinching, promotes overstriking and vertical growth；
4. field planting current year, cutting in trunk 30cm eminence and doing calmly, one to two main seedling is selected to grow restocking by it, culture one dry two is climing
Tree-shaped, after Kiwi berry is grown to higher than frame face 20.0cm, then upper part is cut at 20.0cm under frame face, stays 2 good buds long
At 2 main stems, main stem does permanent major branch, and major branch spreading angle is 50-60 degree；
Young sprout carries out pinching and inspires sublateral shoot, young sprout controls length in 1.5 meters, every plant of Kiwi berry control when 40-50cm or so is long
Young sprout consolidation is fixed on frame by young sprout processed within 6；
Sublateral shoot pinching again in 35-40cm retains descending branch item, removes the upright branch of prosperous growth, guarantees to carry out annual bearing；
4) bearing tree management:
1. fertilizer and water management: diligent weeding is loosened the soil, and the gas permeability of soil is kept, in the garden Shu Panhuoquan green manuring；
2. pest management: specific aim prevents and treats the universal insect pest of Kiwi berry, disease；
3. flower and fruit management and field management:
Interlacing fruiting: fruiting First Year retains the bud in the main stem of one side, extracts all buds in the main stem of another side, second year is again
In turn, both sides main stem is allowed by year to replace fruiting；
Fruiting forms standard fruit according to tree vigo(u)r, bud thinning, thin flower bud, fruit thinning, and reasonable fruit thinning is from inside outwards, first up and then down, dredges first
Except fruitlet, malformed fruit, disease pest fruit, followed by towards day fruit, without the fruit on leaf fruit branch, select and remain what position was grown downwards with fruit branch two sides
Preferably, fruit spacing is 4-5cm to fruit on same fruit branch, and long fruit branch stays fruit 3-4, and medium fruit branch stays fruit 2-3, fruit spur, bouquet shape
Fruitful branch stays fruit one or does not stay, and every plant fruiting 120-150,1 fruit is supplied according to 8-10 piece leaf；
Field management: timely weeding is removed using artificial or grass-mowing machine, uses herbicide less；
Root management: after National Day picking, the soil on Kiwi berry bottom one side is ploughed deeply, root is all interrupted, the root of another side is retained
Motionless, fertilising after having beaten, second year in turn, the soil of Kiwi berry bottom another side is ploughed deeply, is applied fertilizer after root is all interrupted again；
Winter pruning: layout is built with " one dry two climing, 2 fonts ", two climing branch out leave 20.0cm distance, distance results mother's branch
Branch between 50.0cm tie up 1 branch side shoot, to cultivate sturdy bearing basal shoot, maintain sparse direct sunlight irradiation ground,
So that lower leave is obtained more light quantity, for on-bladed, quick-fried bud, cut before winter, be laid out in advance, stay the bud of base portion
Son, retraction.
2. the implantation methods of high yield Kiwi berry in mountain area according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: orchard described in step 1)
Selection, refer to select it is leeward on the sunny side hillside or hills level land, fertile soil is loose, and irrigation and drainage system is perfect, is not easy ponding
Place；Soil is improved before orchard establishment, plant trench, deep 80cm, wide 100-120cm, surface soil and bottom are dug according to density
Native pile up separately and base fertilizer backfill together, or dig planting pit, and to the preferable plot of edaphic condition, the side of planting pit is dug in selection
Formula digs the rectangular cave of depth 80cm, width 100cm, and surface soil and subsoil are separated, backfilled with digging as trench, for being easy the low of ponding
Depression block, is cultivated using high ridge, dredges discharge conduit, and hillside orchard digs irrigation canals and ditches surrounded by mountains, and each gutter communicates, rainy season draining, drought
Season irrigates.
3. the implantation methods of high yield Kiwi berry in mountain area according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: field planting described in step 2)
Seedling is transplanted before fall foliage front and back to spring rudiment, and the autumn plants nursery stock wound healing morning, is conducive to root regeneration, plants
High survival rate is planted, seedling-slowing stage is short, and growth is vigorous, and before and after spring planting is with early spring rainwater section, bleeding was completed before the phase, but effect is not so good as the autumn
It plants；It sets up bracket to be cultivated, posture is T shape pony set, and the Zhi Zhugao 2.8m of T shape pony set is buried in the earth 0.8m, overground part
Divide 2.0m, the long 1.5-2.0m of the crossbeam of hedge top of the trellis, crossbeam pulls up the road 3-5 iron wire, and spacing 0.4-0.7m selects diameter 0.6cm
The wild Fructus actinidiae chinensis seedling of above pogoniasis root, when plant, rootstock is level with the ground, and graft union is not buried in the earth, root system
Unfold, be tightly combined root system with soil, be watered with root water, phoxim is spread fertilizer over the fields during seedling, anti-subterranean pest-insect and nematode hurt root.
4. the implantation methods of high yield Kiwi berry in mountain area according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: adult described in step 4)
Tree management, refers to:
1. fertilizer and water management: diligent weeding is loosened the soil, and keeps the gas permeability of soil, and fertilising and weeding are as shallow as possible, in order to avoid main root is injured,
In the garden Shu Panhuoquan green manuring；
2. pest management: specific aim prevents and treats the universal insect pest of Kiwi berry: applied perfume, coccid, is secondly leafhopper, cockchafer
First；Disease has black spot, blossom rot, is secondly Root―rot disease, root-knot nematode, gray mold, ripe maize ear rot, brown spot, bacterial canker
Disease and iron chlorosis disease；
3. flower and fruit management and field management:
Fruiting forms standard fruit, every plant fruiting 120-150, is supplied according to 8-10 piece leaf according to tree vigo(u)r, bud thinning, thin flower bud, fruit thinning
Answer 1 fruit；
Field management: timely weeding is removed using artificial or grass-mowing machine, uses herbicide less；
Root management: after National Day picking, the soil on Kiwi berry bottom one side being ploughed deeply, width 1m, depth 40-50cm, root whole
It interrupting, the root for retaining another side is motionless, and in turn, the soil of Kiwi berry bottom another side is ploughed deeply again for fertilising after having beaten, second year,
It applies fertilizer after root is all interrupted；
Winter pruning: layout is built with " one dry two climing, 2 fonts ", two climing branch out leave 20.0cm distance, distance results mother's branch
Branch between 50.0cm tie up 1 branch side shoot, to cultivate sturdy bearing basal shoot, maintain sparse direct sunlight irradiation ground,
So that lower leave is obtained more light quantity, for on-bladed, quick-fried bud, was cut before winter, avoiding cannot be overwintering, is frozen
Evil, is laid out in advance, stays bud of base portion, bounces back.
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| CN110754284A (en) * | 2019-12-13 | 2020-02-07 | 竹溪县建丰种养殖专业合作社 | Method for interplanting kiwi fruit trees in peach orchard |
| CN111567177A (en) * | 2020-06-09 | 2020-08-25 | 六安市农业科学研究院 | Method for restoring kiwi fruit garden soil |
| CN114271138A (en) * | 2020-12-09 | 2022-04-05 | 山东盛园现代农业科技发展有限公司 | Efficient cultivation technology for organic kiwi fruits |
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