CN107691091A - A kind of grape nutrient growth and reproductive growth balance control cultural method - Google Patents
A kind of grape nutrient growth and reproductive growth balance control cultural method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107691091A CN107691091A CN201710673236.5A CN201710673236A CN107691091A CN 107691091 A CN107691091 A CN 107691091A CN 201710673236 A CN201710673236 A CN 201710673236A CN 107691091 A CN107691091 A CN 107691091A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/02—Cultivation of hops or vines
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of grape nutrient growth and reproductive growth balance control cultural method, the inventive method has consumption resource few, grape quality is high, the advantages that yield height, growth of agricultural efficiency and increasing peasant income, the limitation of traditional cultivation idea is broken through, without being limited by geographical and soil property, courtyard greening and salt-soda soil plantation can directly be promoted the use of, both preferable Landscape benefit had been played, has produced objective economic benefit again, the development to grape industry is significant；It is more obvious than conventional cultivation mode using the inventive method grape stem thickening and bud differentiation effect, maturity period more conventional planting type shifts to an earlier date 1 week, fruit mass also significantly improves, and soluble solid content, Anthocyanin Content significantly improve, and titratable acid content has declined.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to vinegrowing technical field, more particularly to a kind of grape nutrient growth and reproductive growth balance control
Cultural method.
Background technology
Grape, belong to the fruit of vitaceae grape, be defoliation liana, be one of most ancient plant in the world,
Grape is nutritious, and grape sugar content is up to 10%-30%, based on glucose.Volume tartaric acid in grape helps to digest,
It is appropriate to eat a little grapes more, can strengthening the spleen and stomach.Contain mineral calcium, potassium, phosphorus, iron and multivitamin B1, B2, B6, C in grape
With P etc., also the amino acid containing a variety of needed by human body, often feeding grape are of great advantage to neurasthenia, excessive fatigue.Tradition plantation
Technology emphasizes that big tree with deep roots is well established and vigorously developing to need deep tillage area, more fertilisings, it is excessively prosperous so to easily cause Growth status, it is difficult to Cheng Hua,
Fruit drop is serious, the problems such as yielding poorly.After reason is due to big tree with deep roots, main location of root is difficult to confirm, increases Shi Shui
The blindness of fertilizer, can also suppress the accumulation of fruit color and sugared part, and cause the generation of dehiscent fruit, and economic benefit is undesirable.Rhizosphere
Limitation is exactly to utilize the method for some physics or ecology by the root system scope control of fruit tree in certain volume, by controlling root
System is grown to adjust a kind of new cultivation technique of the nutrient growth of overground part and reproductive growth process.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of grape nutrient growth and reproductive growth balance control cultural method, can promote
Fruit color, promote the formation of bud, improve the quality of bud, vintage can be improved, improve the quality of fruit, in fruit
Development later stage can dramatically increase soluble solid, and accelerate the decline of fruit acid content.
To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that：
A kind of grape nutrient growth and reproductive growth balance control cultural method, comprise the following steps：
(1) planting furrow is dug：Level land, the line-spacing thing row by 3m excavates planting furrow, ditch to line is got ready, with excavator
Wide 1-1.2m, ditch depth 40-60cm, wide 15cm, deep 20cm discharge culvert are dug again in bottom of trench；Planting furrow dig after first by groove face two
The base station leveling of side, then bottom of trench, ditch slope are flattened respectively, it is ensured that planting furrow bottom surface is smooth, after unanimous between the higher and lower levels, is by thickness
0.08cm polyvinyl chloride Anti-fogging Film is covered on the wall of inner side four of bottom of trench and planting furrow, and buries draining in discharge culvert internal pressure
Pipe, with sand that the corner pile things on of ditch counterdie is smooth, the length and planting furrow length of overlay film are basically identical；In the polyvinyl chloride of bottom of trench
Stalk thick one layer of 10cm of uniform spreading above Anti-fogging Film, then by organic fertilizer and table soil in mass ratio 1: 6-8 on stalk
Ratio mixes even rear backfill, is tamped when filling out；
(2) it is colonized：Plane frame is built, the high 1.6-1.9m of frame column, is interweaved with iron wire and is barricaded as level frame face, iron wire is indulged
To spacing 30-40cm, horizontal spacing 50-60cm, formation 30-40cm × 50-60cm steel wire net rack；Select high-quality grapes nursery stock
Plant, spacing in the rows 2m, it is desirable to which nursery stock is healthy and strong, and branch is healthy and strong, and tissue enriches, and degree of lignification is high, and trunk is clear and definite, well developed root system and complete
Whole, main root reaches 30cm, there is more lateral root and fibrous root, and root system has complete healthy and strong bud, nursery stock damages without machinery without splitting
Wound, no disease and pests harm, not dehydration, possess exuberant vitality；Before field planting, 700 times of 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder of root system
Liquid disinfectant, stem are sterilized with 3-5 Baume degrees lime sulfur；By nursery stock be put in field planting ditch in unfold root system, banket 50% when it is light
Seedling is carried, is then banketed again；Drip irrigation zone is laid in plant both sides, fills and leads up after having peace of mind fully drip irrigation 1 time；With flattening ditch soil covering black
Film, seedling is drawn outside film from the place punching of face grapevine seedling；
(3) pruning
Pruning in 1st year：After being colonized seedling germination, the young sprout for staying 1 root growth most healthy and strong is grown up, and remaining bud is erased
Or pinching；When young sprout grows to 1.6-1.7m, by young sprout tip pinching, 2 sublateral shoots for sending leading end portion after pinching are reverse
Banding fixed is on the canopy face longitudinal direction iron wire of frame, and along iron wire back growth, length of side side banding fixed, this 2 sublateral shoots turn into should
2 major branches of tree, that is, it is tree-like to form the double major branches of single trunk, by major branch tip pinching when major branch grows to 2m or so, limits it
Growth, in cultivating side shoot 30-40 on major branch, pinniform is distributed in the both sides of major branch, homonymy side shoot spacing 20-25cm, perpendicular to
Major branch is horizontal-extending, and collateral generation carries out the 1st pinching when reaching 7-8 leaves, and sublateral shoot is newly grown after pinching, retains tip 1
Sublateral shoot continues to extend forward, and remaining sublateral shoot removes without exception；The 2nd pinching is carried out when tip sublateral shoot grows to 3-4 leaves, after pinching
To the pinching repeatedly of recurrent sublateral shoot, make shoot maturation；When winter cuts, 2 major branches retain 1.8m and cut respectively, side shoot base on major branch
Portion rugosity ＞ 0.8cm's stays the full bud cutting back of base portion 2, and base portion rugosity ＜ 0.8cm whole removes；
Pruning in 2nd year：It is 2 young sprouts that 2 full buds that side shoot base portion leaves when winter cuts, which are sprouted, treats the long 5-6 of young sprout
When opening leaf, it can be seen that the quantity and size of its inflorescence, such as 2 are all fruitful branch, stay relative golden mean of the Confucian school fruitful branch and stay simple inflorescence, dredge
Except another 1 prosperous fruitful branch or weak fruitful branch；Such as 2 are all prosperous fruitful branch, then stay 1 fruitful branch of base portion, and retain honeysuckle sequence, are dredged
Except the prosperous fruitful branch on top；Such as 1 is fruitful branch, and another 1 is nutrition branch, then stays fruitful branch to remove nutrition branch, strong depending on fruitful branch
Weak situation stays 1-2 inflorescence；The 1st pinching is carried out when 5-6 opens leaf when the fruitful branch inflorescence top of reservation is grown to, 4-6d before first flower
Carry out, sublateral shoot is newly grown after pinching, retain 1 sublateral shoot of tip and continue to extend forward, remaining sublateral shoot removes without exception；When tip sublateral shoot
The 2nd pinching is carried out when growing to 4-5 leaves, 1 sublateral shoot of tip is still retained after pinching and continues to extend forward, remaining sublateral shoot removes；
Later tip sublateral shoot retains 1-2 leaf pinching repeatedly by previous methods；Winter pruning uses to bearing basal shoot and stays base portion 2
Full bud cutting back, clip bearing basal shoot rugosity is in 1cm；
Pruning after shaping：The annual summer cuts to cut with the winter and carried out by the 2nd year method, but annual summer wants reserved part base portion
Female branch culture, winter pruning suitably update bearing basal shoot to overgrowing branch as a result, prevent from moving outside bearing basal shoot；
(4) flower and fruit management
Arrange flower spike：Spend first 1 week and start to arrange flower spike, limit number of flowers, reduce the effective consumption of nutrient, raising is beared fruit
Rate, remove 2-3 branch pair fringe, extract the fringe point for accounting for spike length 1/4-1/5, make fruit ear in cone；
Dredge fringe：Bloom after bearing fruit, remove bad, the irregular fruit ear of fringe shape of bearing fruit, using 1 young sprout stay 1-3 fringes fruit as
Standard；
Fruit thinning：The closeer fruit ear of fruit to some and carries out fruit thinning, by fruit thinning, fruit can be made uniform in size, and promote fruit
Grain expands, and makes fruit ear shape consistent, so as to improve grape exterior quality；Typically after fruit drop termination, fruit is between soya bean
When between grain and shelled peanut size, small-sized fruit, malformed fruit and the close crowded fruit of interior thorax are removed, 70-90 grains are stayed per fringe, grain work is dredged and completes
Afterwards, bagging immediately, prevents pollution by pesticides；
(5) rich water quality management：Abundant drip irrigation 1 time after field planting, ensure that rhizosphere soil all permeates；Reached after plant germination to temperature
Before 30 DEG C, every 2-3 days drip irrigations 1 time, each 1-2 hours；When temperature is more than 35 DEG C, daily drip irrigation 1 time, each 1-3 hours；The
Grape applies nitrogen, phosphorus, the composite fertilizer's 20kg/ mus of Jia Ge 15% after going out restocking, promotes bud to continue differentiation and rudiment, and young sprout is given birth to
With facilitations, for the second time 1 week before spending, composite fertilizer's 25kg/ mus are applied, promotes oar fruit to expand rapidly, makes fruit in the same size,
Third time is at the beginning of fruit color, based on phosphorus, potassium, adds a small amount of instant nitrogenous fertilizer, and the above is urea 20kg/ mus three times, the
Composite fertilizer's 10kg/ mus are applied when fruit starts to soften coloring four times, potassium sulfate 10kg/ mus, promote the secondary growth of fruit second and fill
Point coloring, increases pol, favourable storage, autumn fertilising can be also combined before the 5th harvesting and is carried out, favorably increase trunk infusion, raising
The winter cabbage of tree body；
Annual 5 times of foliar fertilizer, respectively young leaves development after, bloom before, thank spend after the urea of blade face spraying 0.2% add 0.2 phosphorus
Acid dihydride potassium is each once, accelerates leaf growth, strengthens assimilation；In 7 months, the last ten-days period, fruit color and complicated and confused diameter increment
Animated period, the continuous potassium dihydrogen phosphate of spraying 0.3%, 4% calcium superphosphate or 3% vegetation matter leachate are each once；After fruit picking extremely
Before fallen leaves, 0.5% urea of spray 2-3 times, postpone the leaf fall period, accumulation reserve nutrient；During foliage application, 3000 times of stickers need to be added
Or 0.1% neutral detergent, to strengthen fertilizer efficiency
(6) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Clear garden in time when winter cuts, 5 Baume degrees lime sulfurs are sprayed before grape rudiment, are set
Dry, ground sterilization；Keypoint control black soya bean disease and gray mold after Hua Qianhua；With 80% mancozeb wettable powder, 800 times of liquid or
40% 6000-8000 times of Flusilazole liquid prevent and treat anthrachose of grape, before blooming and the florescence gray mold can be selected 50% procymidone can
800 times of liquid of WP, 50% iprodione wettable powder, 1000 times of liquid, 40% pyrimethanil suspension emulsion, 1000 times of liquid preventing and treatings, charcoal
Subcutaneous ulcer disease is mainly prevented using 10% Difenoconazole wettable powder, 1500 times of liquid, 50% prochloraz-manganese chloride complex wettable powder, 1000 times of liquid
Control, downy mildew is mainly prevented and treated using 25% Fluoxastrobin suspension emulsion, 1500 times of liquid, 50% dimethomorph wettable powder, 2000 times of liquid；
(7) soil improvement：Ditching-fertilizing improved soil year by year, after field planting every year combine autumn basal dressing field planting ditch both sides by
Annual ring commutation extends out ditch and ploughed deeply, and organic substance, organic fertilizer and the phosphate fertilizer such as layering mixing application straw, apply straw, have respectively in ditch
Machine fertilizer, calcium magnesium phosphate, potassium sulfate 1000kg/ mus, 1000-1200kg/ mus, 40-50kg/ mus, 15-20kg/ mus.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：The inventive method has consumption resource few, and grape quality height, yield is high, growth of agricultural efficiency
And the advantages that increasing peasant income, the limitation of traditional cultivation idea is broken through, without being limited by geographical and soil property, direct can be applicable
Planted to courtyard greening and salt-soda soil, both played preferable Landscape benefit, objective economic benefit is produced again, to grape industry
Develop significant；It is more obvious than conventional cultivation mode using the inventive method grape stem thickening and bud differentiation effect,
Maturity period more conventional planting type shifts to an earlier date 1 week, and fruit mass also significantly improves, and soluble solid content, Anthocyanin Content show
Write and improve, titratable acid content has declined.
Embodiment
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, with reference to embodiments, to the present invention
It is further elaborated.
Embodiment 1
A kind of grape nutrient growth and reproductive growth balance control cultural method, comprise the following steps：
(1) planting furrow is dug：Level land, the line-spacing thing row by 3m excavates planting furrow, ditch to line is got ready, with excavator
Wide 1-1.2m, ditch depth 40-60cm, wide 15cm, deep 20cm discharge culvert are dug again in bottom of trench；Planting furrow dig after first by groove face two
The base station leveling of side, then bottom of trench, ditch slope are flattened respectively, it is ensured that planting furrow bottom surface is smooth, after unanimous between the higher and lower levels, is by thickness
0.08cm polyvinyl chloride Anti-fogging Film is covered on the wall of inner side four of bottom of trench and planting furrow, and buries draining in discharge culvert internal pressure
Pipe, with sand that the corner pile things on of ditch counterdie is smooth, the length and planting furrow length of overlay film are basically identical；In the polyvinyl chloride of bottom of trench
Stalk thick uniform one layer of 10cm of spreading above Anti-fogging Film, then by organic fertilizer and the ratio of table soil in mass ratio 1: 6 on stalk
Example mixes even rear backfill, is tamped when filling out；
(2) it is colonized：Plane frame is built, the high 1.9m of frame column, is interweaved with iron wire and is barricaded as level frame face, between iron wire longitudinal direction
Away from 30-40cm, horizontal spacing 50-60cm, formation 30-40cm × 50-60cm steel wire net rack；High-quality grapes nursery stock is selected to plant
Plant, spacing in the rows 2m, it is desirable to which nursery stock is healthy and strong, and branch is healthy and strong, and tissue enriches, and degree of lignification is high, and trunk is clear and definite, well developed root system and complete
Whole, main root reaches 30cm, there is more lateral root and fibrous root, and root system has complete healthy and strong bud, nursery stock damages without machinery without splitting
Wound, no disease and pests harm, not dehydration, possess exuberant vitality；Before field planting, 700 times of 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder of root system
Liquid disinfectant, stem are sterilized with 3-5 Baume degrees lime sulfur；By nursery stock be put in field planting ditch in unfold root system, banket 50% when it is light
Seedling is carried, is then banketed again；Drip irrigation zone is laid in plant both sides, fills and leads up after having peace of mind fully drip irrigation 1 time；With flattening ditch soil covering black
Film, seedling is drawn outside film from the place punching of face grapevine seedling；
(3) pruning
Pruning in 1st year：After being colonized seedling germination, the young sprout for staying 1 root growth most healthy and strong is grown up, and remaining bud is erased
Or pinching；When young sprout grows to 1.6-1.7m, by young sprout tip pinching, 2 sublateral shoots for sending leading end portion after pinching are reverse
Banding fixed is on the canopy face longitudinal direction iron wire of frame, and along iron wire back growth, length of side side banding fixed, this 2 sublateral shoots turn into should
2 major branches of tree, that is, it is tree-like to form the double major branches of single trunk, by major branch tip pinching when major branch grows to 2m or so, limits it
Growth, in cultivating side shoot 30-40 on major branch, pinniform is distributed in the both sides of major branch, homonymy side shoot spacing 20-25cm, perpendicular to
Major branch is horizontal-extending, and collateral generation carries out the 1st pinching when reaching 7-8 leaves, and sublateral shoot is newly grown after pinching, retains tip 1
Sublateral shoot continues to extend forward, and remaining sublateral shoot removes without exception；The 2nd pinching is carried out when tip sublateral shoot grows to 3-4 leaves, after pinching
To the pinching repeatedly of recurrent sublateral shoot, make shoot maturation；When winter cuts, 2 major branches retain 1.8m and cut respectively, side shoot base on major branch
Portion rugosity ＞ 0.8cm's stays the full bud cutting back of base portion 2, and base portion rugosity ＜ 0.8cm whole removes；
Pruning in 2nd year：It is 2 young sprouts that 2 full buds that side shoot base portion leaves when winter cuts, which are sprouted, treats the long 5-6 of young sprout
When opening leaf, it can be seen that the quantity and size of its inflorescence, such as 2 are all fruitful branch, stay relative golden mean of the Confucian school fruitful branch and stay simple inflorescence, dredge
Except another 1 prosperous fruitful branch or weak fruitful branch；Such as 2 are all prosperous fruitful branch, then stay 1 fruitful branch of base portion, and retain honeysuckle sequence, are dredged
Except the prosperous fruitful branch on top；Such as 1 is fruitful branch, and another 1 is nutrition branch, then stays fruitful branch to remove nutrition branch, strong depending on fruitful branch
Weak situation stays 1-2 inflorescence；The 1st pinching is carried out when 5-6 opens leaf when the fruitful branch inflorescence top of reservation is grown to, 4-6d before first flower
Carry out, sublateral shoot is newly grown after pinching, retain 1 sublateral shoot of tip and continue to extend forward, remaining sublateral shoot removes without exception；When tip sublateral shoot
The 2nd pinching is carried out when growing to 4-5 leaves, 1 sublateral shoot of tip is still retained after pinching and continues to extend forward, remaining sublateral shoot removes；
Later tip sublateral shoot retains 1-2 leaf pinching repeatedly by previous methods；Winter pruning uses to bearing basal shoot and stays base portion 2
Full bud cutting back, clip bearing basal shoot rugosity is in 1cm；
Pruning after shaping：The annual summer cuts to cut with the winter and carried out by the 2nd year method, but annual summer wants reserved part base portion
Female branch culture, winter pruning suitably update bearing basal shoot to overgrowing branch as a result, prevent from moving outside bearing basal shoot；
(4) flower and fruit management
Arrange flower spike：Spend first 1 week and start to arrange flower spike, limit number of flowers, reduce the effective consumption of nutrient, raising is beared fruit
Rate, remove 2-3 branch pair fringe, extract the fringe point for accounting for spike length 1/5, make fruit ear in cone；
Dredge fringe：Bloom after bearing fruit, remove bad, the irregular fruit ear of fringe shape of bearing fruit, using 1 young sprout stay 1-3 fringes fruit as
Standard；
Fruit thinning：The closeer fruit ear of fruit to some and carries out fruit thinning, by fruit thinning, fruit can be made uniform in size, and promote fruit
Grain expands, and makes fruit ear shape consistent, so as to improve grape exterior quality；Typically after fruit drop termination, fruit is between soya bean
When between grain and shelled peanut size, small-sized fruit, malformed fruit and the close crowded fruit of interior thorax are removed, 80 are stayed per fringe, after the completion of dredging grain work,
Bagging immediately, prevent pollution by pesticides；
(5) rich water quality management：Abundant drip irrigation 1 time after field planting, ensure that rhizosphere soil all permeates；Reached after plant germination to temperature
Before 30 DEG C, every 2-3 days drip irrigations 1 time, each 1-2 hours；When temperature is more than 35 DEG C, daily drip irrigation 1 time, each 1-3 hours；The
Grape applies nitrogen, phosphorus, the composite fertilizer's 20kg/ mus of Jia Ge 15% after going out restocking, promotes bud to continue differentiation and rudiment, and young sprout is given birth to
With facilitations, for the second time 1 week before spending, composite fertilizer's 25kg/ mus are applied, promotes oar fruit to expand rapidly, makes fruit in the same size,
Third time is at the beginning of fruit color, based on phosphorus, potassium, adds a small amount of instant nitrogenous fertilizer, and the above is urea 20kg/ mus three times, the
Composite fertilizer's 10kg/ mus are applied when fruit starts to soften coloring four times, potassium sulfate 10kg/ mus, promote the secondary growth of fruit second and fill
Point coloring, increases pol, favourable storage, autumn fertilising can be also combined before the 5th harvesting and is carried out, favorably increase trunk infusion, raising
The winter cabbage of tree body；
Annual 5 times of foliar fertilizer, respectively young leaves development after, bloom before, thank spend after the urea of blade face spraying 0.2% add 0.2 phosphorus
Acid dihydride potassium is each once, accelerates leaf growth, strengthens assimilation；In 7 months, the last ten-days period, fruit color and complicated and confused diameter increment
Animated period, the continuous potassium dihydrogen phosphate of spraying 0.3%, 4% calcium superphosphate or 3% vegetation matter leachate are each once；After fruit picking extremely
Before fallen leaves, 0.5% urea of spray 2-3 times, postpone the leaf fall period, accumulation reserve nutrient；During foliage application, 3000 times of stickers need to be added
Or 0.1% neutral detergent, to strengthen fertilizer efficiency；
(6) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Clear garden in time when winter cuts, 5 Baume degrees lime sulfurs are sprayed before grape rudiment, are set
Dry, ground sterilization；Keypoint control black soya bean disease and gray mold after Hua Qianhua；With 80% mancozeb wettable powder, 800 times of liquid or
40% 6000-8000 times of Flusilazole liquid prevent and treat anthrachose of grape, before blooming and the florescence gray mold can be selected 50% procymidone can
800 times of liquid of WP, 50% iprodione wettable powder, 1000 times of liquid, 40% pyrimethanil suspension emulsion, 1000 times of liquid preventing and treatings, charcoal
Subcutaneous ulcer disease is mainly prevented using 10% Difenoconazole wettable powder, 1500 times of liquid, 50% prochloraz-manganese chloride complex wettable powder, 1000 times of liquid
Control, downy mildew is mainly prevented and treated using 25% Fluoxastrobin suspension emulsion, 1500 times of liquid, 50% dimethomorph wettable powder, 2000 times of liquid；
(7) soil improvement：Ditching-fertilizing improved soil year by year, after field planting every year combine autumn basal dressing field planting ditch both sides by
Annual ring commutation extends out ditch and ploughed deeply, and organic substance, organic fertilizer and the phosphate fertilizer such as layering mixing application straw, apply straw, have respectively in ditch
Machine fertilizer, calcium magnesium phosphate, potassium sulfate 1000kg/ mus, 1200kg/ mus, 40kg/ mus, 18kg/ mus.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of grape nutrient growth and reproductive growth balance control cultural method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
(1) planting furrow is dug：Level land, the line-spacing thing row by 3m excavates planting furrow, furrow width 1- to line is got ready, with excavator
1.2m, ditch depth 40-60cm, wide 15cm, deep 20cm discharge culvert are dug again in bottom of trench；Planting furrow dig after first by groove face both sides
Base station is flattened, then bottom of trench, ditch slope are flattened respectively, it is ensured that planting furrow bottom surface is smooth, is 0.08cm's by thickness after unanimous between the higher and lower levels
Polyvinyl chloride Anti-fogging Film is covered on the wall of inner side four of bottom of trench and planting furrow, and buries drainpipe in discharge culvert internal pressure, will with sand
The corner pile things on of ditch counterdie is smooth, and the length and planting furrow length of overlay film are basically identical；On the polyvinyl chloride Anti-fogging Film of bottom of trench
Stalk thick one layer of 10cm of the uniform spreading in face, then on stalk mix the ratio of organic fertilizer and table soil in mass ratio 1: 6-8 even
After backfill, tamped when filling out；
(2) it is colonized：Plane frame is built, the high 1.6-1.9m of frame column, is interweaved with iron wire and is barricaded as level frame face, between iron wire longitudinal direction
Away from 30-40cm, horizontal spacing 50-60cm, formation 30-40cm × 50-60cm steel wire net rack；High-quality grapes nursery stock is selected to plant
Plant, spacing in the rows 2m, it is desirable to which nursery stock is healthy and strong, and branch is healthy and strong, and tissue enriches, and degree of lignification is high, and trunk is clear and definite, well developed root system and complete
Whole, main root reaches 30cm, there is more lateral root and fibrous root, and root system has complete healthy and strong bud, nursery stock damages without machinery without splitting
Wound, no disease and pests harm, not dehydration, possess exuberant vitality；Before field planting, 700 times of 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder of root system
Liquid disinfectant, stem are sterilized with 3-5 Baume degrees lime sulfur；By nursery stock be put in field planting ditch in unfold root system, banket 50% when it is light
Seedling is carried, is then banketed again；Drip irrigation zone is laid in plant both sides, fills and leads up after having peace of mind fully drip irrigation 1 time；With flattening ditch soil covering black
Film, seedling is drawn outside film from the place punching of face grapevine seedling；
(3) pruning
Pruning in 1st year：After being colonized seedling germination, the young sprout for staying 1 root growth most healthy and strong is grown up, and remaining bud is erased or plucked
The heart；When young sprout grows to 1.6-1.7m, by young sprout tip pinching, 2 reverse colligations of sublateral shoot for sending leading end portion after pinching
It is fixed on the canopy face longitudinal direction iron wire of frame, along iron wire back growth, length of side side banding fixed, this 2 sublateral shoots turn into the 2 of the tree
Root major branch, that is, it is tree-like to form the double major branches of single trunk, by major branch tip pinching when major branch grows to 2m or so, limits its growth,
In cultivating side shoot 30-40 on major branch, pinniform is distributed in the both sides of major branch, homonymy side shoot spacing 20-25cm, perpendicular to major branch water
Flat extension, collateral generation carry out the 1st pinching when reaching 7-8 leaves, and sublateral shoot is newly grown after pinching, retain 1 sublateral shoot of tip after
Continuous to extend forward, remaining sublateral shoot removes without exception；The 2nd pinching is carried out when tip sublateral shoot grows to 3-4 leaves, to sending out again after pinching
The pinching repeatedly of raw sublateral shoot, makes shoot maturation；When winter cuts, 2 major branches retain 1.8m and cut respectively, side shoot base portion rugosity on major branch
＞ 0.8cm's stays the full bud cutting back of base portion 2, and base portion rugosity ＜ 0.8cm whole removes；
Pruning in 2nd year：It is 2 young sprouts that 2 full buds that side shoot base portion leaves when winter cuts, which are sprouted, treats long 5-6 leaves of young sprout
When, it can be seen that the quantity and size of its inflorescence, such as 2 are all fruitful branch, stay relative golden mean of the Confucian school fruitful branch and stay simple inflorescence, remove another
1 prosperous fruitful branch or weak fruitful branch；Such as 2 are all prosperous fruitful branch, then stay 1 fruitful branch of base portion, and retain honeysuckle sequence, are removed
The prosperous fruitful branch in portion；Such as 1 is fruitful branch, and another 1 is nutrition branch, then stays fruitful branch to remove nutrition branch, depending on fruitful branch power feelings
Condition stays 1-2 inflorescence；The 1st pinching is carried out when the fruitful branch inflorescence top of reservation grows to 5-6 leaves, 4-6d enters before first flower
OK, sublateral shoot is newly grown after pinching, retains 1 sublateral shoot of tip and continues to extend forward, remaining sublateral shoot removes without exception；When tip sublateral shoot is grown
The 2nd pinching is carried out during to 4-5 leaves, 1 sublateral shoot of tip is still retained after pinching and continues to extend forward, remaining sublateral shoot removes；With
Tip sublateral shoot retains 1-2 leaf pinching repeatedly by previous methods afterwards；Winter pruning uses to bearing basal shoot stays base portion 2 full
Full bud cutting back, clip bearing basal shoot rugosity is in 1cm；
Pruning after shaping：The annual summer cuts to cut with the winter and carried out by the 2nd year method, but annual summer wants the new side of reserved part base portion
Female branch culture, winter pruning suitably update bearing basal shoot to branch as a result, prevent from moving outside bearing basal shoot；
(4) flower and fruit management
Arrange flower spike：Spend first 1 week and start to arrange flower spike, limit number of flowers, reduce the effective consumption of nutrient, improve fruit-setting rate, go
Fall 2-3 branch pair fringe, extract the fringe point for accounting for spike length 1/4-1/5, make fruit ear in cone；
Dredge fringe：Bloom after bearing fruit, remove bad, the irregular fruit ear of fringe shape of bearing fruit, stay 1-3 fringes fruit to be used as standard using 1 young sprout；
Fruit thinning：The closeer fruit ear of fruit to some and carries out fruit thinning, by fruit thinning, fruit can be made uniform in size, and promote fruit swollen
Greatly, make fruit ear shape consistent, so as to improve grape exterior quality；Typically after fruit drop termination, fruit between soybean grain and
When between shelled peanut size, small-sized fruit, malformed fruit and the close crowded fruit of interior thorax are removed, 70-90 grains are stayed per fringe, after the completion of dredging grain work,
Bagging immediately, prevent pollution by pesticides；
(5) rich water quality management：Abundant drip irrigation 1 time after field planting, ensure that rhizosphere soil all permeates；To temperature up to 30 DEG C after plant germination
In the past, per 2-3 days drip irrigations 1 time, each 1-2 hours；When temperature is more than 35 DEG C, daily drip irrigation 1 time, each 1-3 hours；For the first time
Grape applies nitrogen, phosphorus, the composite fertilizer's 20kg/ mus of Jia Ge 15% after going out restocking, promotes bud to continue differentiation and rudiment, has to young sprout growth
Facilitation, for the second time 1 week before spending, composite fertilizer's 25kg/ mus are applied, promotes oar fruit to expand rapidly, makes fruit in the same size, the 3rd
Secondary based on phosphorus, potassium, to add a small amount of instant nitrogenous fertilizer at the beginning of fruit color, the above is urea 20kg/ mus three times, the 4th time
When fruit starts to soften coloring apply composite fertilizer's 10kg/ mus, potassium sulfate 10kg/ mus, promote the secondary growth of fruit second and fully
Color, increase pol, favourable storage, autumn fertilising can be also combined before the 5th harvesting and is carried out, favorably increases trunk infusion, improves tree body
Winter cabbage；
Annual 5 times of foliar fertilizer, respectively young leaves development after, bloom before, thank spend after the urea of blade face spraying 0.2% add 0.2 di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate
Hydrogen potassium is each once, accelerates leaf growth, strengthens assimilation；In 7 months, the last ten-days period, fruit color and complicated and confused diameter increment are vigorous
Phase, the continuous potassium dihydrogen phosphate of spraying 0.3%, 4% calcium superphosphate or 3% vegetation matter leachate are each once；To fallen leaves after fruit picking
Before, 0.5% urea of spray 2-3 times, postpone the leaf fall period, accumulation reserve nutrient；During foliage application, need to add 3000 times of stickers or
0.1% neutral detergent, to strengthen fertilizer efficiency
(6) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Clear garden in time when winter cuts, 5 Baume degrees lime sulfurs are sprayed before grape rudiment, carry out trunk,
Face sterilizes；Keypoint control black soya bean disease and gray mold after Hua Qianhua；With 80% mancozeb wettable powder, 800 times of liquid or 40% fluorine
6000-8000 times of liquid of silicon azoles missible oil preventing and treating anthrachose of grape, before blooming and 50% procymidone wettable powder can be selected in the gray mold at florescence
800 times of liquid of agent, 50% iprodione wettable powder, 1000 times of liquid, 40% pyrimethanil suspension emulsion, 1000 times of liquid preventing and treatings, anthracnose master
10% Difenoconazole wettable powder, 1500 times of liquid, 50% prochloraz-manganese chloride complex wettable powder, 1000 times of liquid are used to prevent and treat, frost
Mildew is mainly prevented and treated using 25% Fluoxastrobin suspension emulsion, 1500 times of liquid, 50% dimethomorph wettable powder, 2000 times of liquid；
(7) soil improvement：Ditching-fertilizing improved soil year by year, autumn basal dressing is combined after field planting every year and is taken turns year by year in field planting ditch both sides
Commutation extends out ditch and ploughed deeply, in ditch layering mixing apply organic substance, organic fertilizer and the phosphate fertilizer such as straw, apply respectively straw, organic fertilizer,
Calcium magnesium phosphate, potassium sulfate 1000kg/ mus, 1000-1200kg/ mus, 40-50kg/ mus, 15-20kg/ mus.
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108605644A (en) * | 2018-05-28 | 2018-10-02 | 江苏农林职业技术学院 | The Ping Chuishi pruning methods of the double season fruits of grape horizontal frame |
| CN108849216A (en) * | 2018-07-05 | 2018-11-23 | 湘阴县南湖洲镇七姑塘现代农业专业合作社 | A kind of implantation methods of grape |
| CN109121968A (en) * | 2018-08-28 | 2019-01-04 | 常宁百茂佳果农业开发有限公司 | Tendril fruit tree lets alone grown cultures method |
| CN109601240A (en) * | 2019-01-07 | 2019-04-12 | 芜湖传云绿色果品种植专业合作社 | A kind of method that thickening is increased in grape seedling growth |
| CN112237118A (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2021-01-19 | 昆明学院 | Root-limiting small shed frame cultivation method suitable for holboellia latifolia |
| CN112470812A (en) * | 2020-12-04 | 2021-03-12 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Cultivation method for promoting natural fruit setting of Kyoho grapes |
| CN112790062A (en) * | 2021-02-26 | 2021-05-14 | 中国热带农业科学院海口实验站 | Multi-stage pruning method for passion fruit seedlings |
| CN113039994A (en) * | 2021-04-25 | 2021-06-29 | 新疆农业科学院园艺作物研究所 | Pruning method and management mode for grape with double main tendrils collected from fruit leaves |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108605644A (en) * | 2018-05-28 | 2018-10-02 | 江苏农林职业技术学院 | The Ping Chuishi pruning methods of the double season fruits of grape horizontal frame |
| CN108849216A (en) * | 2018-07-05 | 2018-11-23 | 湘阴县南湖洲镇七姑塘现代农业专业合作社 | A kind of implantation methods of grape |
| CN109121968A (en) * | 2018-08-28 | 2019-01-04 | 常宁百茂佳果农业开发有限公司 | Tendril fruit tree lets alone grown cultures method |
| CN109601240A (en) * | 2019-01-07 | 2019-04-12 | 芜湖传云绿色果品种植专业合作社 | A kind of method that thickening is increased in grape seedling growth |
| CN112237118A (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2021-01-19 | 昆明学院 | Root-limiting small shed frame cultivation method suitable for holboellia latifolia |
| CN112470812A (en) * | 2020-12-04 | 2021-03-12 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Cultivation method for promoting natural fruit setting of Kyoho grapes |
| CN112790062A (en) * | 2021-02-26 | 2021-05-14 | 中国热带农业科学院海口实验站 | Multi-stage pruning method for passion fruit seedlings |
| CN112790062B (en) * | 2021-02-26 | 2022-03-29 | 中国热带农业科学院海口实验站 | Multi-stage pruning method for passion fruit seedlings |
| CN113039994A (en) * | 2021-04-25 | 2021-06-29 | 新疆农业科学院园艺作物研究所 | Pruning method and management mode for grape with double main tendrils collected from fruit leaves |
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