CN101810120B - Ecological regulation and control method of waxberry - Google Patents
Ecological regulation and control method of waxberry Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
An ecological regulation and control method of waxberry belongs to the technical field of agricultural product safety in production, particularly relating to an ecological regulation and control method in safe production of waxberry, and is characterized in that the method constructs good circular system of ecological environment by mutually matching with ecological base construction, biological diversity culture, natural enemy protection and natural enemy use so as to establish good condition for natural enemy and improve the ability of natural enemy controlling pests; natural enemy is used for replacing chemical pesticide so as to obtain fruits without pesticide residues, thereby ensuring product quality safety and consumer health, reducing material cost, having economic, social and ecological effect, and being capable of efficiently promoting continuous development of waxberry industry.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the agricultural product security production technical field, be specifically related to a kind of ecological control method of red bayberry safety in production.
Background technology
China utilizes the starting of natural enemy control pest very early, and forefathers do a lot of work, and acquire a great achievement.Early just utilize frog protection Tian He in ancient times; Before and after 304 years Christian eras, be leveraged to the present with yellow capital ant control oranges and tangerines insect, the Ming Dynasty begins with the chicken and duck goose locust of going out.The bacterium control once on probation forties in last century cabbage caterpillar.Introduced the fifties such as Australia state ladybug, the latent lip ladybug of Meng Shi, daylight honeybee, Encarsia formosa, predation snail etc. successively.Widely apply natural enemy pest controls such as anastatus japonicus, oophagous trichogrammae, tiny golden wasp, white muscardine fungi, cotton bollworm nucleopolyhedrosis virus, spider, various beneficial birds since the sixties, all obtain good control efficiency.Study successful oophagous trichogrammae mechanization propagation technique the seventies.The eighties China biological control work from the protection natural enemy, develop into and improve environment, increase natural enemy, promote natural equilibrium, improve the quality of products, reduce the stage of expenses for prevention and control.After the eighties, though utilize technical research that bigger progress has been arranged to natural enemy, and since the surge of chemical pesticide usage amount, the deterioration of the ecological environment, the natural enemy lethality is high, and effect is very little.
Red bayberry is green throughout the year, and the tree performance grace has planting trees on barren hills, conserves water and soil, and beautifies the environment multiple function such as forest fire protection; Gorgeous, the delicious flavour of fruit colour, nutritious, to slake thirst and help produce saliva, instant is liked by the consumer deeply; The red bayberry resistance, wide adaptability, cultivation is easily.Red bayberry all is semi-wild cultivations before the nineties in last century, keeps ecological balance, and the sick worm of red bayberry is fully by natural enemy control, and the fruit edible safety is very high.Begin the nineties to have entered the fast-developing phase, the red bayberry producing region from Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangsu expands provinces such as Guizhou, Guangxi, Yunnan, Guangdong, Hainan, Sichuan, Hunan, Jiangxi to.To developing state is still swift and violent at present, yield potential is very big, becomes one of main fruit of China.But because large tracts of land is concentrated plantation and ground fine tube lithium in flakes, kind is single, and ecotope is seriously damaged, and the natural enemy of sick worm reduces, and forces agricultural chemicals to use more and more, causes chemical pesticide " 3R " problem (resistance, residual, rampant again) serious day by day.The one, agricultural chemicals constantly uses, and causes pest resistance to insecticide to strengthen, and makes chemical pesticide self lose normal control efficiency gradually, thereby only continues to increase the agricultural chemicals usage amount and access times reach the purpose of removing the evil, and has aggravated chemical pesticide to environment severe contamination more; The 2nd, after using, chemical pesticide can remain in red bayberry and other environmental key-element with various forms, had residually, biological concentration has just been arranged.The biology of enrichment takes care of the pence under the food chain transfer function, and long-pending low toxicity becomes high poison; The 3rd, most of insecticides tested lacks selectivity, has also killed a large amount of natural enemies when killing off the insect pests, and the insect that kills is got by beneficial organism and causes the secondary chain reaction such as cause harm of natural enemy after the food.To cause insect to cause harm rampant again because of natural enemy reduces, and its result causes the vicious circle of all kinds of natural enemies and sick worm, red bayberry and environment, human health and disease.
Red bayberry is naked fruit, and the fruit appearance is crude, and adhesion is very strong, and pollutant is difficult to clean, and pesticide application is penetrated into the fruit with directly contacting from the transfer of positions such as branches and leaves behind red bayberry, so the Waxberry fruit residue of pesticide are more much bigger than the harmfulness that severe edema due to hypofunction of the spleen fruit is arranged.Eat the foaming of red bayberry lip, Zhong Du Shi spares such as rubbish belly happen occasionally.
The red bayberry ecology regulation and control is at the deterioration of the ecological environment, natural enemy reduces, farming is residual serious problems and the new technology that shape became that conducts a research such as exceed standard, cultivate by bio-diversity, ecotope benign cycle system construction, for natural enemy is created the good condition of living, improve natural enemy and control the ability of disease worm, replace agricultural chemicals control damage by disease and insect by natural enemy control, it is residual to realize that fruit does not have farming, guarantee product quality safety and consumer's health Jiankang, reduce materials cost, have economy, society and ecological three big effects.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of red bayberry ecology regulation and control technology, improve the ability that natural enemy is controlled the disease worm, realize red bayberry product non agricultural chemical residuum, prevent from the consumer is caused actual bodily harm, promote the sustainable development of red bayberry industry.
Described ecological regulation and control method of waxberry, it is characterized in that this method is to cooperatively interact by ecological fundamental construction, bio-diversity cultivation, natural enemy protection and natural enemy utilization to make up ecotope benign cycle system, described ecological fundamental construction has following feature: it is pollution-free that a. kind is planted the selected field of red bayberry, b. some sub-districts are arranged to according to cultivated area in the field, each sub-district area is less than 30 mu, the isolation strip is set between neighbor cell, the isolation strip width is a 5-10 rice, c. planting density is 20-30 strain/mu, and former vegetation keeps 15%-25% between the strain of d. red bayberry; Described bio-diversity cultivation is cultivated three parts by plan sward, the useful crop of plantation and natural enemy and is formed; Described natural enemy protection is meant does not use the material that impairs natural enemy, takes one or more combinations in cultural control, physical control, insect-killing trapping, four kinds of measures of three sources (plant resource, mineral sources, biogenic) pesticide control when sick worm density surpasses the natural enemy control ability; Described natural enemy utilization is meant the growth and decline situation according to pest population, cultivate in good time or introduce corresponding natural enemy at the red bayberry growing area, sick worm hazard ratio is controlled in the economic loss threshold value the identical value of cost that the economic loss that described economic loss threshold value is meant disease worm harm and pesticide control are consumed.
Described ecological regulation and control method of waxberry, for newly-built garden, implementation content with order is: natural enemy utilization → (5) of natural enemy protection → (4) sick worm of (1) ecological fundamental construction → (2) bio-diversity cultivation → (3) sick worm turn back to (1); For the destroyed garden of having built of ecology, implementation content with order is: natural enemy utilization → (5) ecological fundamental construction → (6) of natural enemy protection → (4) sick worm of (1) bio-diversity cultivation → (2) ecotope reparation → (3) sick worm turn back to (1); For the not destroyed garden of having built of ecology, implementation content with order is: natural enemy utilization → (3) ecological fundamental construction of natural enemy protection → (2) sick worm of (1) sick worm → (4) bio-diversity cultivation → (5) turn back to (1).
Described ecological regulation and control method of waxberry, it is characterized in that described plan sward is meant that mainly the weeds to self-sow carry out intermittent sward according to microclimate, resistance natural calamity needs in the improvement garden, advance artificial mowing when not needing sward, the weeds of cutting off are covered crown ground, cradled in 1 year and to cover 3-4 time; Plant useful crop and be meant in the garden with field periphery plantation some insect is had repellent or lures the plant of function, these plants mainly are meant tropic ageratum, cordate houttuynia, the fruit of a cubeb litsea tree, wild jujube, paulownia; Described natural enemy is cultivated and is meant that creating superior ecotope cultivates the original natural enemy of natural world, puts beneficial insect and beneficial bacterium in a suitable place to breed by introducing a fine variety when original natural enemy lacks, and it is covered with the field, and keeps an amount of sick worm and provide food for natural enemy.
Described ecological regulation and control method of waxberry, it is characterized in that described natural enemy is made of useful animals class and beneficial microbe class, wherein the useful animals class is meant birds, amphibian animal, dragonfly, useful spider, Chrysopa, mantis, ladybug, parasitic wasp, carnivorism stinkbug, food aphid horsefly, parasitic fly, pathogeny nematode; The beneficial microbe class is meant parasitic bacteria, parasitical fungi, parasitic virus.
Described ecological regulation and control method of waxberry, it is characterized in that described physical control is meant that limb is whitewashed and film is spread on ground, wherein limb is whitewashed and is annual 3-4 time, white-out agent mainly is made up of lime, sulphur, water, salt, and its weight proportion is: lime: sulphur: water: salt=1: 0.2: 3: 0.05; Also can add vegetable oil or mineral oil in the white-out agent, addition is to add vegetable oil or mineral oil 1-5ml in every kilogram of white-out agent; The main purpose of ground shop film is the passage that intercepts the bury hatching or the insect that survives the winter, and makes the insect can't be abnormal or survive the winter nowhere.
Described ecological regulation and control method of waxberry, it is characterized in that the control of described three source pesticides is meant with plant resource, biogenic and mineral sources agricultural chemicals prevents and treats, method is as follows: a. botanical pesticide: select resin soap emulsifiable concentrate for use, winter-spring season 8-10 times of liquid, summer and autumn, 16-18 times of liquid sprayed anti-smelting shell insects, black rubber powder lice and red clothing disease; B. mineral sources agricultural chemicals: select lime sulfur for use, winter-spring season 3-5 Baume degrees, summer and autumn, the 0.3-0.5 Baume degrees sprayed, and prevented and treated leaf spot, red clothing is sick and disease such as the rotten disease of branch; C. biogenic pesticide: select bacillus thuringiensis,Bt control leaf roller and other moth class pest.
Described ecological regulation and control method of waxberry is characterized in that described planting density is 24-27 strain/mu, and the best is 26 strain/mus, seeding row spacing 4.5m * 5.5-6.0m.
Described ecological regulation and control method of waxberry is characterized in that sick worm hazard ratio is controlled at 8-12%, and this ratio neither can cause economic loss, provides suitable food to natural enemy again, and sick worm hazard ratio control is preferably 10%.
In the above-mentioned ecological regulation and control method of waxberry, the plan sward mainly is meant outside the peripheral drip of tree crown or treelet leaves drip 50cm kind and plants useful crop or allow its long naturally faggot, cradle to 40cm left and right sides Gao Shi when interrow crop or faggot are long, the young stem and leaf of cutting off is covered crown ground; The primary pest of useful its control of crop of plantation is respectively: tropic ageratum has the repellent function to Panonychus citri, and the fruit of a cubeb litsea tree, cordate houttuynia have the repellent function to germ, and paulownia and wild jujube are lured function to chafer.
The computing formula of above-mentioned sick worm hazard ratio is: hazard ratio=sick worm harm number removes total parameter * 100%.
Natural enemy is made of useful animals class and beneficial microbe class, below main natural enemy is elaborated:
Birds: the ability of migrating Strong, the predation scope is wide, and is heavy, and recipe is wide, can both prey in 1 year four.Some birds such as sparrow agricultural product such as cereal of also can eating food when not enough its appetite of the insect of predation cause certain causing harm to agricultural, but the merit of their predation insects is much larger than harm.
Dragonfly Yan: be divided into dragonfly, damselfly, damselfly by the build size, no matter that class all is a beneficial insect, they remove the prey on mosquitoes external enwergy and prey on flying insect in a large number.110-340 of every just one day predation mosquito, other insect 24-76 only only can be preyed on mosquito 5600-11000 all one's life, preys on more than 1000 of other insect.
Amphibian animal: as frog be a kind of be the amphibian of food with various insects.Frog day and night all can insect-catching, but more frequent with the predation at night.The insect of frog predation is in the great majority with pest, no matter adult, larva can both prey on.The kind that batrachia not only preys on insect is many, and the quantity of eating worm is also very big.According to statistics, a Rana nigromaculata approximately eats more than 70 insect every day, can eliminate destructive insects about 1.5 ten thousand by insect-catching calculating in 7 months in 1 year.1 rana limnocharis ate in 1 day worm maximum reach 266.As by 50 calculating of average insect-catching every day, 1000 rana limnocharis, just can eliminate destructive insects 50,000 every day.
Reptile:, daytime predation strong as lizard lizard wide adaptability, Quick off the mark, attack etc., this is that institute such as frog, toad can not reach.Annual since 3 months, the last ten-days period, in 10 months, end the last ten-days period, seven first quarter moons arranged approximately in the field activity.Be food mainly, in the farmland, pest such as mythimna separata, cutworm, mole cricket, wireworm, plan ground first, leafhopper had very strong prey ability with insect and other small animal.Xi Qi is similar to some birds, also prey on beneficial organisms such as Araneae simultaneously the predation insect.But therefore kind of its predation insect and quantity will be protected and be utilized equally all considerably beyond beneficial insect.
Useful spider: spider belongs to incomplete metamorphosis, and all one's life is only through ovum, spiderling, 3 stages of one-tenth spider.Resistance is Strong very, and high-and low-temperature resistance is born hunger, specially eats live body.The life-span 0.5-2 of female spider, the longest reaches 7 years.Every female spider can lay eggs hundreds of, and the most nearly more than 2000, fertility is Strong very.The animal of spider guiding principle has only Panonychus citri, the minorities such as tetranychid, blister mite, knurl tick that begin cause harm crop, and great majority all are the natural enemies of various insects.A is preyed on mite, the pure peaceful mite of De Shi, Nissl genus amblyseius berlese, Niu Shi genus amblyseius berlese, the mite that becomes mildewed, blind to walk mite, Shatian mite, the refreshing core mite of fine, soft fur, sickle chela mite, first mite etc. all be the beneficial mite that preys on evil mites such as Panonychus citri, beginning tetranychid, blister mite, knurl tick specially, these beneficial mites are also prosperous when evil mite Sheng is sent out, and can control breaking out of harmful mite effectively.B circle spider, the various spiders of circle spider section can be formed vertical big net between the fruit tree strain, prey on the insect that butterfly moth, grasshopper, grasshopper cicada, chafer, stinkbug etc. laterally migrate specially.C Tetragnathidae spider, the various spiders of Tetragnathidae section can be formed the big net of level between the fruit tree strain, the special seizure insect that vertically migrates.D leaf roll spider, little spider, theridiid, the various spiders of these sections are formed little net between blade or branch, the little insects of the bodily form such as predation wood louse, leafhopper, fruit bat, aleyrodid, coccid.The various spiders of e ground spider, comb spot spider section live in caves in the soil gap, knot predation ground insect at native face.The various not web spinners of f tarantula, flat abdomen spider, latent stone spider section are with the predation insect of going on a hunting trip.Ovum and the larva of various spiders happinesses predation insect between the fruit tree branches and leaves of g thomisid, carefree spider, jumping spider, Clubiondae.Carefree spider and jumping spider also go deep into the insects such as moth of people's the interior predation of house fly, mosquito, rain moth and phototaxis Strong.
Chrysopa: China various places are common chrysopa septempunctata, beautiful Chrysopa, leaf look Chrysopa, Chinese green lacewing, chrysopa carnea etc.Every Chrysopa adult 300-1400 grain of laying eggs, its reproduction speed is caught up with and surpassed before the insect.Every the Chrysopa larva can prey on aphid 600 bulls, and to the ovum and the low instar larvae of tetranychid, leafhopper, thrips, a red-spotted lizard shell class and moth butterfly class, Chrysopa all has the very effect of catching and killing of Yu to most of crop pests simultaneously.
Mantis: mantis belongs to Insecta, hemimetaboly.Its ovum becomes piece to produce on branch, and pieces of an egg claim " egg capsule of a mantis ", are commonly called as " the ox universe of coughing ".It is very wide to distribute, and China has found just kind more than 50, slightly little as the European mantid bodily form, and about long 5cm, about the wide long 6cm of abdomen mantis body, Chinese mantis bodily form maximum reaches about 10cm.A generation took place in 1 year, euryphagy, prey ability Strong, little of aphid, aleyrodid greatly to lappet moth, dovetail moth, poisonous slug moth, euproctis pseudoconspersa have the insects such as chafer, weevil of elytrum to prey on.
Ladybug: divide useful ladybug and harmful ladybug, the main distinction is their helmet cap, and glossiness is useful ladybug, and is lacklustre for being harmful to ladybug.Useful ladybug has kind more than 4000, presses the food object and is divided into: a food aphid ladybug mainly contains: coccinella septempunctata, harmonia axyridia, how different ladybug, tortoise literary composition ladybug, big spot show shield ladybug, the little Mao of black back of the body ladybug.B food scale insect ladybug mainly contains: bright red ladybug, Australian ladybeetle, black edge ladybug, red lip ladybug, red ring ladybug, Chinese showing are followed ladybug, Mongolian light ladybug.C food mite ladybug mainly contains: flap hair ladybug, connect marble ladybug, dark some food ladybug.E catches the bacterium ladybug, mainly contains: Sanskrit bacterium ladybug, plain sheath ladybug, informal voucher bacterium ladybug.
Parasitic wasp: parasitic wasp reaches kind more than 400, and ovipositing hosts because of the not homoecious characteristics of kind sample not, parasitizes adult in pest bodies such as scale insect, parasitize larva, also parasitizes soil insect.The carnivorism stinkbug: mainly contain Ji's Reduviidae, Reduviidae, Miridae, mountain hock Miridae, the green the region between the heart and the diaphragm Pentatomiddae of black porch, army and join the region between the heart and the diaphragm Pentatomiddae, Lygaeidae, Pentatomiddae, they mainly prey on the larva such as ovum star caterpillar, slug moth, looper of aphid, tetranychid, leafhopper, flea beetle, weevil, wood louse, moth butterfly, lace bug, leaf roller, stinkbug, plant hopper;
Parasitic fly: mainly contain golden light and post fly, caterpillar for a short time and chase after and post fly, leaf roller match and post fly, two spot and spread and post fly, bar Pattern and chase after and post more than 20 of flies etc. and plant and be more than 400 and plant.Many insects such as parasitic fly can parasitic moth butterfly class, fly class originate in ovum in the 3-5 big larva body in age, hatch into maggot very soon, in seconds kill off the insect pests.What have lays eggs on cauline leaf, allows insect food cauline leaf be gone in the body to cause death in the chalaza.
The pathogeny nematode: be a class special parasitize the nematode that hides insects such as underground grasshopper cicada, chafer larvas, can discharge entrained symbiotic bacteria rapidly after in the body of invasion insect, make insect get septicemia and dead rapidly.
Beneficial microbe: a parasitic bacteria, commonly used have streptomycete, a bacillus thuringiensis,Bt.The b parasitical fungi, commonly used have white muscardine fungi, black stiff bacterium, an aphid mould.The c parasitic virus, nuclear polyhedron parasitic virus commonly used, granule parasitic virus, matter polyhedron parasitic virus.These beneficial microbe main host plants are insects such as Lepidoptera, orthoptera, coleoptera, diptera, Hymenoptera.
When sick worm breaks out, take as early as possible sick worm density to be returned in the scope of natural enemy control ability when surpassing the natural enemy control ability with the next item down or multinomial ancillary technique combination:
A. cultural control.Wipe out serious sick branch, reduce disease worm density; The Strong tree vigo(u)r that has additional nutrients improves the red bayberry resistant to diseases and insects; Remove overstocked branch, increase Strong ventilation and penetrating light degree; Remove ground sick branch, leaf, fruit is burnt or buried, reduces disease worm radix.
B. physical control.Annual limb is whitewashed 2-4 time, keeps having in the limb anniversary white-out agent protection, prevents the intrusion of disease worm.White-out agent mainly is made up of lime, sulphur, water, salt, and its weight proportion is: lime: sulphur: water: salt=1: 0.2: 3: 0.05; Also can add vegetable oil or mineral oil in the white-out agent, addition is to add vegetable oil or mineral oil 1-5ml in every kilogram of white-out agent.In addition, can adopt the mode of ground shop film, intercept the passage of the bury hatching or the insect that survives the winter, make the insect can't be abnormal or survive the winter nowhere.
C. trapping control.A desinsection lamp is set every about 50m in the garden, utilizes the phototaxis trapping of insect; In the garden, on ground or the tree poison bait is set every about 20m, utilizes the trapping of insect sitotaxis.
D. three source pesticides control.Three source pesticides are meant plant resource, mineral sources, biogenic pesticide.
The control of the botanical pesticide of institute's art is meant and selects resin soap emulsifiable concentrate for use, and winter-spring season 8-10 times of liquid, summer and autumn, 16-18 times of liquid sprayed sick worms such as anti-smelting shell insects, black rubber powder lice and red clothing disease;
Described mineral sources pesticide control is meant and selects lime sulfur for use, and winter-spring season 3-5 Baume degrees, summer and autumn, the 0.3-0.5 Baume degrees sprayed, and prevents and treats leaf spot, red clothing is sick and disease such as the rotten disease of branch;
Described biogenic pesticide control is meant larvas such as selecting bacillus thuringiensis,Bt control leaf roller and other moth class.
Above-mentioned ecological regulation and control method of waxberry, by cultivating bio-diversity, build ecotope benign cycle system, create the good condition of living, improve the ability that natural enemy is controlled the disease worm for natural enemy, use for chemical pesticide for control by natural enemy, it is residual to realize that fruit does not have farming, guarantees product quality safety and consumer's health Jiankang, reduces materials cost, have economy, society and ecological three big effects, can effectively promote the sustainable development of red bayberry industry.
Embodiment
Now the invention will be further described in conjunction with embodiments of the invention.
Embodiment 1, ecological fundamental construction
The field is chosen in pollution-free source in the 2km, and ecological condition is good, below the Huanghai Sea absolute altitude height above sea level 500m, below the gradient 30 degree, on the deep loam hills hillside of soil layer, is advisable with north slope; According to cultivated area, several sub-districts will be divided in the field of establishing in large scale, and each sub-district area is less than 30 mu, between each sub-district the isolation strip is set, isolation strip width 5-10 rice, the plant that sick worm is had the repellent function is planted in the isolation strip, and also available former vegetation is cultivated and is formed.Can equidistantly be horizontally disposed with according to red bayberry plantation in the landform sub-district, but also the tableland formula is provided with.Mu is planted the 20-30 strain, wherein, plantation 24-27 strain/mu better effects if, the best is 26 strain/mus, seeding row spacing 4.5m * 5.5-6.0m is advisable; Red bayberry is planted in the Gregorian calendar and digs the cave March, the wide 40m in cave, dark 40m.Choose breeding strong sprout, draw disconnected grafting mouth nylon, cut off top 1/3 left and right sides branches and leaves, seedling is put into the cave at the bottom of, the root system reason is straight, earth backing strikes reality, it is high that earth backing is wanted, the covering of watering immediately after the kind; Treat to begin behind the red bayberry extending shoot thin fertile duty and execute, increase fertilizer with tree crown and increase the weight of.The annual cave twice of expanding of beginning in 1 year, width surpasses tree crown, and treelet is executed thin fertile 4-6 time every year in 3 years, and first fruit tree control nitrogenous fertilizer is contained fruit tree control phosphorus and is weighed potassium, and conscientiously does to draw management such as branch, pinching, bud picking, fruit thinning well.
Embodiment 2, bio-diversity are cultivated
Bio-diversity is cultivated modes such as comprising plan sward, natural enemy are cultivated, the beneficial grass of plantation.Be described in detail as follows:
The plan sward: except that precision management in the tree dish, the useful crop of plantation or allow its long naturally faggot between strain is cut it to 40cm left and right sides Gao Shi and covers in the tree dish when plant is long, cradles covering 3-4 time every year, and trunk is 30cm on every side
2In should not cover too thickly;
Natural enemy is cultivated: cultivates by Plant Diversity and inspires animal diversity, and by temperature, light, water, controlled atmosphere control, the microclimate conditions of Creating Comfort promotes the beneficial organism breeding.Need arrive the other places when general and introduce a fine variety and put in a suitable place to breed when certain natural enemy lacks, allow beneficial insect and beneficial bacterium be covered with the field;
Plantation benefit grass: in the garden in and periphery suitably plantation Ageratum conyzoides, cordate houttuynia, the fruit of a cubeb litsea tree etc. sick worm is had the sick worm of plant repellent of repellent function, plant the wild jujube, the paulownia that chafer etc. are had breath and sitotaxis, concentrate and kill.
Embodiment 3, natural enemy protection
The natural enemy protection is mainly by following approach:
Control harmful substance: forbid that the material that chemical pesticide etc. impairs natural enemy uses, guarantee natural enemies security.When the natural enemy control ability is lower than 90%, take technology prevention such as agricultural, physics, trapping, " three sources " agricultural chemicals, the control rate with the hostile sick worm in sky returns to more than 90% as early as possible.
Cultural control: wipe out the intensive branch of most sick worm on the tree at any time, branch, leaf, the fruit of worm are burnt in spite of illness to remove ground; According to red bayberry nutritional need characteristic, do balance fertilizing well and improve tree body premunition; Take to draw technology such as branch, bud picking, pinching to cultivate open a business tree-like, promote ventilation and penetrating light.
Physical control: whitewash 3-4 time limb every year, and the white-out agent adhesion is all arranged in the maintenance anniversary, and growth prevents the intrusion of disease worm season, prevents freeze injury winter, and the megathermal period prevents that heat is harmful.White-out agent preparation: lime: sulphur: water: salt=1: 0.2: 3: 0.05, quicklime is added low amounts of water dissolve the back and add in proper order by above-mentioned batching, the limit edged stirs, and waits to fill to add the 5-10ml vegetable oil in part every kilogram of white-out agent in mixed back or mineral oil gets final product.Shop, early April ground black film intercepts the underground insect that survives the winter such as grasshopper cicada, chafer, fruit bat and is unearthed control weeds, regulation and control moisture content.
Trapping control: utilize the light that becomes of insect, become food, the characteristics such as flavor, the look that becomes that become, desinsection lamp, Du Erbium, gyplure, the trapping of look haftplatte are set.About black light lamp spacing 50m, with a varied topography should the encryption.Du Erbium should be placed on the place that insect is come in and gone out, and the decoy of trapping moth class should hang on the tree crown, hangs one every about 20m.
" three sources " pesticide control: three source pesticides refer to and meet plant resource, biogenic, the mineral sources agricultural chemicals that organic products is produced.Shell insects, black rubber powder lice and red clothing disease can be selected for use from the resin soap emulsifiable concentrate of frying in shallow oil (plant resource), and winter-spring season 8-10 times of liquid, summer and autumn, 16-18 times of liquid sprayed.Leaf spot and red clothing disease can be selected for use from the lime sulfur (mineral sources) fried in shallow oil, and winter-spring season 3-5 times of liquid, summer and autumn, 0.3-0.5 times of liquid sprayed (avoiding the florescence), can increase the hardness of fruit simultaneously.Moth class larvas such as leaf roller can be selected bacillus thuringiensis,Bt (biogenic) control (red bayberry stopped all medications before 1 month maturing stage).
Embodiment 4, natural enemy utilization
(1) control rate is determined: natural enemy and sick worm exist dynamic relationship, control ability to sick worm is also at times strong and at other times weak, and the small naked eyes of most natural enemy volume be cannot see, the more difficult discovery of the natural enemy of underground sick worm, the natural enemy that food is got in flight also is unfavorable for observing, and can't quantize the density of natural enemy and to the control rate of sick worm.For will not taking the ancillary technique measure that foundation is provided, the control rate of the inverse of sick worm hazard ratio as natural enemy;
(2) sick worm hazard ratio is judged: harmful bacterium and insect all can damage strawberry tree body and fruit, and the degree weight of injury differs, and when judging injury rate, are parameter with full garden red bayberry strain number.Computing formula: hazard ratio=sick worm harm number removes total parameter * 100%.Certain red bayberry garden strain number of example is 300 strains, and certain germ endangers 60 strains, and hazard ratio calculates: 60 ÷, 300 * 100%=20%.Because of the ancillary technique measure difference that needs are taked, disease and insect pest should be calculated respectively.
(3) the natural enemy control rate is judged: the foodstuff of natural enemy derives from harmful bacterium and insect, just can support natural enemy so must keep a certain amount of pest, reasonably allowance is exactly usually said " economic loss allowed band (threshold value) ", through observation analysis for many years, the permission threshold value of red bayberry is that 8-12% is more reasonable, when sick worm hazard ratio during, can judge that the natural enemy control rate is 100% in 10% left and right sides.The control rate of natural enemy is 90% during the rate 20% that causes harm, and all the other by that analogy.
(4) natural enemy utilization: the control rate with natural enemy remains on 100% as far as possible, could realize the interests maximization, cause harm when sick worm and will take corresponding ancillary technique measure (as three source pesticides) when rate surpasses 10% (being that the natural enemy control rate is lower than 100%), as early as possible the control ability of natural enemy is returned to optimum state.
Claims (6)
1. ecological regulation and control method of waxberry is characterized in that this method is to cooperatively interact by ecological fundamental construction, bio-diversity cultivation, natural enemy protection and natural enemy utilization to make up ecotope benign cycle system,
Described ecological fundamental construction has following feature: it is pollution-free that a. kind is planted the selected field of red bayberry, b. some sub-districts are arranged to according to cultivated area in the field, each sub-district area is less than 30 mu, the isolation strip is set between neighbor cell, the isolation strip width is a 5-10 rice, c. planting density is 20-30 strain/mu, and former vegetation keeps 15%-25% between the strain of d. red bayberry;
Described bio-diversity cultivation is cultivated three parts by plan sward, the useful crop of plantation and natural enemy and is formed, wherein said plan sward refers to the weeds of self-sow are carried out intermittent sward according to microclimate, resistance natural calamity needs in the improvement garden, manually mow when not needing sward, the weeds of cutting off are covered crown ground, cradled in 1 year and to cover 3-4 time; Plant useful crop and be meant in the garden with field periphery plantation some insect is had repellent or lures the plant of function, these plants refer to tropic ageratum, cordate houttuynia, the fruit of a cubeb litsea tree, wild jujube, paulownia; Described natural enemy is cultivated and is meant that creating superior ecotope cultivates the original natural enemy of natural world, puts beneficial insect and beneficial bacterium in a suitable place to breed by introducing a fine variety when original natural enemy lacks, and it is covered with the field, and keeps an amount of sick worm and provide food for natural enemy;
Described natural enemy protection is meant does not use the material that impairs natural enemy, takes one or more combinations in cultural control, physical control, insect-killing trapping, four kinds of measures of three source pesticides control when sick worm density surpasses the natural enemy control ability; Wherein said physical control is meant with white-out agent limb is whitewashed and shop, ground film that wherein limb is whitewashed and is annual 3-4 time; Described three source pesticides control is meant with plant resource, biogenic and mineral sources agricultural chemicals and prevents and treats, method is as follows: a. botanical pesticide: select resin soap emulsifiable concentrate for use, winter-spring season 8-10 times of liquid, summer and autumn, 16-18 times of liquid sprayed anti-smelting shell insects, black rubber powder lice and red clothing disease; B. mineral sources agricultural chemicals: select lime sulfur for use, winter-spring season 3-5 Baume degrees, summer and autumn, the 0.3-0.5 Baume degrees sprayed, and it is sick and branch is rotten sick to prevent and treat leaf spot and red clothing; C. biogenic pesticide: select bacillus thuringiensis,Bt control leaf roller and other moth class pest;
Described natural enemy utilization is meant the growth and decline situation according to pest population, replenish or introduce in good time corresponding natural enemy at the red bayberry growing area, sick worm hazard ratio is controlled in the economic loss threshold value, the identical value of cost that the economic loss that described economic loss threshold value is meant disease worm harm and pesticide control are consumed, its scope is 8-12%;
Described natural enemy is made of useful animals class and beneficial microbe class, and wherein the useful animals class is meant birds, amphibian animal, dragonfly Yan, useful spider, Chrysopa, mantis, ladybug, parasitic wasp, carnivorism stinkbug, food aphid horsefly, parasitic fly, pathogeny nematode; The beneficial microbe class is meant parasitic bacteria, parasitical fungi, parasitic virus;
2. ecological regulation and control method of waxberry according to claim 1 is characterized in that described planting density is 24-27 strain/mu.
3. ecological regulation and control method of waxberry according to claim 1 is characterized in that described planting density is 26 strain/mus.
4. ecological regulation and control method of waxberry according to claim 1 is characterized in that described natural enemy utilization is that sick worm hazard ratio is controlled at 10%.
5. ecological regulation and control method of waxberry according to claim 1 is characterized in that described white-out agent is made up of lime, sulphur, water, salt, and its weight proportion is: lime: sulphur: water: salt=1: 0.2: 3: 0.05.
6. ecological regulation and control method of waxberry according to claim 5 is characterized in that adding in the described white-out agent vegetable oil or mineral oil, and addition is to add vegetable oil or mineral oil 1-5mL in every kilogram of white-out agent.
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| CN105660693A (en) * | 2016-04-10 | 2016-06-15 | 苏州湖中生态农业科技发展有限公司 | Whitewash for fruit trees and preparation method thereof |
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| CN106472578A (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2017-03-08 | 桂林茗兴生物科技有限公司 | A kind of pair of season Chinese scholartree plantation pest control flushing liquor |
| CN106613166A (en) * | 2016-11-25 | 2017-05-10 | 刘雄 | Planting method for roselle |
| CN111527951A (en) * | 2020-05-21 | 2020-08-14 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Method for preventing and treating red spiders |
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