CN105309267B - A kind of red bayberry fall " crowd " tree-like trimming and breeding method - Google Patents
A kind of red bayberry fall " crowd " tree-like trimming and breeding method Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of red bayberry " crowd " tree-like trimming and breeding method, and this method allows trunk to deviate 11.25 °~22.5 ° of vertical angle when being included in red bayberry grafting Seeding planting；Then 2 major branches of first layer are formed in the season of growth below, and allows the major branch to deviate 22.5~45 ° of vertical line angle；And 2 other major branches are formed respectively on described 2 major branches of first layer, allow the branch of second layer major branch to deviate 11.25 °~22.5 ° of vertical line angle.Strawberry tree fall " crowd " shape it is tree-like be we invent downgrade tree-like breeding method on the basis of innovation, tree structure is simple, is easy to orchard worker to operate, it is easy to receive grasp, orchard management is convenient, is easy to radiation and promotes, and is that a kind of new dwarfing of strawberry tree is high-quality, Labor-saving cultivation is tree-like.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of plant cultivation, concretely belongs to using the tree-like shaping and trimming method of " crowd " shape, promotees
Make red bayberry is tree-like downgrade, do sth. in advance result, reach the method downgraded and early tied.
Background technology
Red bayberry (Myrica rubra Sieb.et Zucc) category Myruca ceas (Myricaceae) Myrica(Myrica) (Myrica L.)
Plant, is the special product treasure fruit of south China, and good greening and Properties of Fire Prevention Trees, is generally planted in south China mountain red earth
With yellow earth soil property, cultivation optimum pH is between 4.5-5.5.At present, red bayberry is under natural suitable condition, strawberry tree it is tree-like
Height be 5-8 rice, the width of tree crown is 4-5 rice, and due to tree-like tall and big, this brings no small tired to the harvesting of Waxberry fruit
Difficulty, in addition, for some setting cultivations, tall trees shape adds the cost of cultivation.
This is necessary to provide a kind of new method to be downgraded to the tree-like of red bayberry, while does not influence the unit plane of red bayberry
Long-pending yield, while improve the quality and commodity rate of Waxberry fruit.
The content of the invention
For the deficiency of conventional art, the present invention provides a kind of method of new trimming strawberry tree, and this method can be downgraded
Red bayberry is tree-like, does sth. in advance result, reaches per unit area yield, the advantageous effects that commodity rate all improves.
On the one hand, the present invention provides a kind of strawberry tree and falls that " crowd " shape is tree-like and its shaping methods, wherein the tree-like tree of the red bayberry
2.3~2.5 meters of crown height, 4.2~5.0 meters of crown diameter, tiltedly to plant, non-stop layer is done, and retains 2, first layer major branch, 4, second layer major branch,
Therefore, referred to as fall " crowd " it is tree-like.Its " no happy shape of trunk ", internal thorax, the influence of bottom branch are small, and ventilation and penetrating light condition is good.
Strawberry tree fall " crowd " shape it is tree-like be we invent downgrade tree-like breeding method on the basis of innovation, tree structure is simple,
It is easy to orchard worker to operate, it is easy to receive grasp, orchard management is convenient, is easy to radiation and promotes, is a kind of new dwarfing of strawberry tree
High-quality, Labor-saving is cultivated tree-like.
On the other hand, the present invention provides a kind of red bayberry " crowd " tree-like trimming and breeding method, it is characterised in that this method
Comprise the following steps：
(1) First Year shaping：Red bayberry grafting seedling replanting, when transplanting, vertical line angle is deviateed using single trunk
After 11.25 °~22.5 ° of degree carries out planting stocks, cut that to determine beam length be 30-45cm；In the Growing season in spring then to autumn
In section, 2 branches are selected in the trunk nearly middle and lower part 2 direction as first layer major branch, using drawing branch method, support branch method, pressure
Branch method hangs a method and carries out drawing branch, allows the branch of first layer major branch to deviate 22.5 °~45 ° of vertical line angle, between two major branches or so
Secund；Remove when destroying its growth potential using branch mode is turned round to other upright competitive branchs, and trimming in the winter time, remove simultaneously
Intersect branch, overlapping branch, wherein, described torsion branch mode is that at the nearly base portion of upright competitive branch, will turn round its broken xylem with finger, turn round
Hinder its bast, and allow a kind of inverted trim mode in end of the branch；
(2) Second Year shaping：The season of growth lure drawing to first layer major branch, keeps first layer major branch to deviate vertical line angle
22.5 °~45 ° of degree；Meanwhile 2 major branches are respectively each selected as the second layer on 2 branches of first layer major branch, using drawing
Branch method, support branch method, layer method hang a method and carry out drawing branch, allow second layer major branch branch deviate 11.25 ° of vertical line angle~
22.5 °, each major branch deviation four directions；When destroying its growth potential using branch mode is turned round to other upright competitive branchs, and trimming in the winter time
Remove, while remove and intersect branch, overlapping branch；
Shaping in (3) the 3rd years：Continue that 2 major branches of first layer, 4 major branches of the second layer lure drawing, keep each master
The deviation vertical line angle of branch, for example, the angle for continuing to keep first layer major branch is 22.5 °~45 °；Allow the branch of second layer major branch
Bar deviates 11.25 °~22.5 ° of vertical line angle, and its growth potential is destroyed using branch mode is turned round to other upright competitive branchs, and in the winter
Season removes when trimming, while removes and intersect branch, overlapping branch, allows its descending branch, interior thorax branch to form bud as far as possible；
Shaping in (4) the 4th years：Continue keep first layer, the second layer totally 6 major branches deviation vertical line angle (for example, after
The angle that first layer major branch is held in continuation of insurance is 22.5 °~45 °；Allow second layer major branch branch deviate 11.25 ° of vertical line angle~
22.5°)；Other branches delete technology using thin, wipe out 80%-90% vertical branch, 10%-70% upper oblique branch, facilitate tree crown
Ventilation and penetrating light, allow all one's life branch, descending branch, interior thorax branch become civilized, result, the tip is pressed with fruit, controls nutrient growth, it is described so as to be formed
Strawberry tree complete by " crowd " tree-like shaping.
Wherein, red bayberry grafting seedling can be 1 year raw grafting, 2 years raw graftings or 3 years raw graftings.
For example, the strawberry tree tree-like trimming of " crowd " type can be carried out as described in Fig. 1-3.Such as Fig. 1, Ke Yixuan
Life in 1 year ' east chief ' red bayberry grafting is being chosen, red bayberry grafting seedling replanting, when transplanting, is being deviateed using single trunk 10
After 11.25 ° of vertical line angle (or skew 11.25 °~22.5 °) carries out planting stock, cut that to determine beam length be 30-45cm；
The season of growth (spring to autumn then), 2 first layer major branches 20,21 are selected in trunk nearly middle and lower part 2 direction, using drawing branch
Method, support branch method, layer method hang a method and carry out drawing branch, allow branch deviate 22.5 ° -45 ° of vertical line angle (such as 22.5 ° or
45 °), secund between two major branches or so；Its growth potential is destroyed using branch mode is turned round to other upright competitive branchs, and repaiied in the winter time
Removed when cutting, while remove and intersect branch, overlapping branch；Turn round branch mode：It will turn round that broken its is wooden at the nearly base portion of upright competitive branch with finger
Portion, its bast is sprained, and allow a kind of inverted trim mode in end of the branch.
Second Year shaping：The season of growth lure drawing to first layer major branch 20,21, keeps first layer major branch to deviate vertical line
22.5 ° of angle；Meanwhile 2 second layer major branches 30 are respectively selected on 2 branches of first layer major branch, and 31,32,33, using drawing branch
Method, support branch method, layer method hang a method and carry out drawing branch, allow branch to deviate 11.25 °~22.5 ° of angle of vertical line (Fig. 2), each master
Branch deviation four directions；Other branches are handled using First Year same method；Wherein, two of two major branches of the second layer and first layer
For major branch respectively positioned at (Fig. 3) on the four direction of the four corners of the world, i.e. first layer major branch is each major branch of east-west direction, then first layer
On 2 branches of the second layer be North and South direction, so allow 6 branch cross-distributions, maximumlly spread apart and, or bigger
Area.
Figure of description：
Fig. 1 is structural representation (including trunk and the of red bayberry different type branch in an embodiment of the invention
One layer of major branch)；Wherein 10 be trunk, and 20,21 be first layer major branch.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of red bayberry different type branch in an embodiment of the invention, wherein, 20,21 are
First layer major branch；30,31,32,33 be second layer major branch (" crowd " type that falls is tree-like).
Fig. 3 is the perspective view of first layer major branch and second layer major branch, shows the relation of each branch spatial distribution, wherein
10：Trunk；21,20 first layer major branches (2)；30-33：Second layer major branch (4)；40 be raw other on each major branch
Branch.
Beneficial effect
The present invention provides a kind of new method, and the cultivation and trimming of strawberry tree, Ke Yiyou are carried out using " crowd " type method
The dwarfing of effect control strawberry tree and ahead of time result, increase the yield (unit area) of red bayberry and improve quality and the business of Waxberry fruit
Product rate.Its " no happy shape of trunk ", internal thorax, the influence of bottom branch are small, and ventilation and penetrating light condition is good." crowd " shape is tree-like for strawberry tree
It is the innovation on the basis of the tree-like breeding method of dwarfing that we invent, tree structure is simple, is easy to orchard worker to operate, it is easy to
Receive grasp, orchard management is convenient, is easy to radiation and promotes, and is that a kind of new dwarfing of strawberry tree is high-quality, Labor-saving cultivation is tree-like.
Describe in detail
Definition：
Vertical branch：Life in the middle part of tree crown, growing way is vigorous, vertical growth, with the horizontal 90 ± 10 ° of Zhi Jing≤1cm
1 year raw above branch.
Descending branch：Raw in tree crown middle and lower part, sagging growth, with the horizontal 0 ° and ＞ -45 ° of branches of ＜.
Flattened branch：Raw in the middle part of tree crown, stretch all one's life, the branch with ° Qie≤10 ° of Shui Ping Mian Cheng≤0.
Upper oblique branch：Raw in tree crown middle and upper part, upward raw stretching, extension, with the horizontal 10 ° of ＞ and 80 ° of ＜ branch.
Interior thorax branch：Raw in inner canopy, all major branch (Zhi Jing≤1cm) on pumping branch.
Intersect branch：Raw in tree crown periphery, the branch to be intersected with another branch.
Overlapping branch：It is peripheral in tree crown life, with the equitant branch of another branch.
Ride branch：It is peripheral in tree crown life, in the branch of another branch back pumping.
Deadwood：All withered branches in tree crown.
The residual branch of disease pest：In tree crown it is all because disease, insect pest or it is natural, artificial caused by it is heavier, it is light, or any wound
Harmful branch.
Scope in the middle part of tree crown is：Refer to the position among the division relatively of tree crown upper, middle and lower.
The periphery of tree crown：Refer to tree crown four Mondays ring around position.
Inner canopy：Refer to position relatively middle inside tree crown.
Stand ground harvesting rate；Refer to that can realizes the harvesting of Waxberry fruit on the ground for the personnel station of harvesting, without
Climbing trees are carried out by instruments such as ladders, so overall to realize convenient harvesting, also ensure that the security of personnel in addition.
Pass through embodiments of the present invention, it is possible to achieve the dwarfing of strawberry tree.
1 year raw grafting：Survived after referring to scion grafting on stock and grow the grafting of 1 year.
2 years raw graftings：Survived after referring to scion grafting on stock and grow the grafting of 2 years.
3 years raw graftings：Survived after referring to scion grafting on stock and grow the grafting of 3 years.
Turn round branch mode：It will be turned round broken its xylem at the nearly base portion of upright competitive branch, sprain its bast with finger, and allow branch
A kind of inverted trim mode.
Stand ground harvesting rate；Refer to that can realizes the harvesting of Waxberry fruit on the ground for the personnel station of harvesting, without
Climbing trees are carried out by instruments such as ladders, and such part realizes convenient harvesting, also ensure that the security of personnel in addition.
Dwarfing rate is calculated as follows：(average heights of average height-processing trees of control trees) ÷ control trees
Average height.
Embodiment
Examples of implementation：Different shaping methods are to the single plant yield of red bayberry, fruit quality, commodity rate, tree-like Dwarf Effect on Dwarf
Influence.
Experiment material
Trying material kind is：Life in 1 year ' east chief ' red bayberry grafting.
Method 1：Comprise the following steps：
(1) First Year shaping：Choose life in 1 year ' east chief ' red bayberry grafting, red bayberry grafting seedling replanting, transplanting when
Wait, deviateed using single trunk after 22.5 ° of vertical line angle carries out planting stocks, cut that to determine beam length be 30-45cm；The season of growth
(spring to autumn then), 2 first layer major branches are selected in trunk nearly middle and lower part 2 direction, using drawing branch method, support branch method, pressure
Branch method hangs a method and carries out drawing branch, allows branch to deviate 45 ° of vertical line angle, secund between two major branches or so；To other upright
Competitive branch destroys its growth potential using branch mode is turned round, and removes when trimming in the winter time, while removes and intersect branch, overlapping branch；Turn round branch
Mode：It will be turned round broken its xylem at the nearly base portion of upright competitive branch, sprain its bast with finger, and allow the inverted one kind in end of the branch
Trim mode；
(2) Second Year shaping：The season of growth lure drawing to first layer major branch, keeps major branch to deviate 45 ° of vertical line angle；
Meanwhile 2 second layer major branches are respectively selected on 2 branches of first layer major branch, using drawing branch method, support branch method, layer method or hang
Branch method carries out drawing branch, allows branch to deviate 22.5 ° of vertical line angle, each major branch deviation four directions；Other branches are same using First Year
Method processing；Wherein, two major branches of two major branches of the second layer and first layer are located on the four direction of the four corners of the world respectively；
Shaping in (3) the 3rd years：Continue that 2 major branches of first layer, 4 major branches of the second layer lure drawing, keep each master
The deviation vertical line angle of branch is (for example, the angle for continuing to keep first layer major branch is 45 °；The branch of second layer major branch is allowed to deviate
22.5 ° of vertical line angle), other upright competitions are handled using First Year same method, allow its descending branch, interior thorax branch shape as far as possible
Into bud；
Shaping in (4) the 4th years：Continue to keep the angle of first layer, the second layer deviation vertical line of totally 6 major branches；Other branches
Strip adoption is dredged and deletes technology, wipes out 80%-90% vertical branch, 10%-70% upper oblique branch, facilitates tree crown ventilation and penetrating light, allow flat
Raw branch, descending branch, interior thorax branch become civilized, result, press the tip with fruit, control nutrient growth, are fallen " crowd " so as to form described strawberry tree
Tree-like shaping is completed.
On the four direction of the four corners of the world (Fig. 3), i.e., two major branches of the second layer and two major branches of first layer are located at respectively
First layer major branch is east-west direction, then 2 branches of the second layer on each major branch of first layer are North and South direction, so allows 6
Branch cross-distribution, maximumlly spread apart and, or obtain bigger area.
Table 1：Other processing it is following (in addition to following major parameter is different, remaining the step of with the step phase in method 1
Together)
Control：Branch is arranged and trimmed without any method, allows it to grow naturally, other water and fertilizer managements and side
Method 1 is identical.As a result：
Table 2：Difference deviates influence of the vertical line Angle Methods to life in 12 years ' east chief ' red bayberry, and (each method is in triplicate simultaneously
Take their average value).
Method as above processing is carried out it can be seen from upper table 2, the effect of strawberry tree dwarfing is realized not in method 3 " and 4~6
It is obvious or can not even realize dwarfings, however, it is possible to the single plant yield of relative raising strawberry tree and average commodity rate, single fruit in addition
Weight is also increased, but in method 1-1 ' or 2-2 ', can not only allow strawberry tree to reach the purpose downgraded, while average strain
Production and commodity rate are improved, and a kind of new method is provided for the bush type culture of strawberry tree.Integrated treatment result shows, method
2 ' can obviously reduce height of tree crown (dwarfing rate 53.92%), can make average strain production, commodity fruit rate and single fruit weight increase most aobvious again
Write.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of red bayberry fall " crowd " tree-like trimming and breeding method, it is characterised in that this method comprises the following steps：
(1), First Year shaping：Red bayberry grafting seedling replanting, when transplanting, vertical line angle is deviateed using single trunk
After 11.25 °~22.5 ° carry out planting stocks, cut that to determine beam length be 30-45cm；In the season of growth in spring then to autumn
In, 2 branches are selected in the trunk nearly middle and lower part 2 direction as first layer major branch (20,21), using drawing branch method, support branch
Method, layer method hang a method and carry out drawing branch, allow the branch of first layer major branch to deviate 22.5~45 ° of vertical line angle, between two major branches
Left and right secund；Removed when destroying its growth potential using branch mode is turned round to other upright competitive branchs, and trimming in the winter time, simultaneously
Remove and intersect branch, overlapping branch, wherein, described torsion branch mode is that will turn round that broken its is wooden at the nearly base portion of upright competitive branch with finger
Portion, its bast is sprained, and allow end of the branch to be inverted；
(2), Second Year shaping：The season of growth lure drawing to first layer major branch, keeps first layer major branch to deviate vertical line angle
22.5 °~45 °；Meanwhile 2 major branches are each respectively selected as the second layer on 2 branches of first layer major branch, using drawing branch
Method, support branch method, layer method hang a method and carry out drawing branch, allow second layer major branch branch deviate 11.25 ° of vertical line angle~
22.5 °, each major branch deviation four directions；When destroying its growth potential using branch mode is turned round to other upright competitive branchs, and trimming in the winter time
Remove, while remove and intersect branch, overlapping branch；
(3), shaping in the 3rd year：Continue that 2 major branches of first layer, 4 major branches of the second layer lure drawing, keep each major branch
Deviate vertical line angle, removed when destroying its growth potential using branch mode is turned round to other upright competitive branchs, and trimming in the winter time, together
When remove intersect branch, overlapping branch, allow as far as possible its descending branch, interior thorax branch formed bud；
(4), shaping in the 4th year：Continue to keep first layer, the deviation vertical line angle of the second layer totally 6 major branches；Other branches are adopted
With dredge delete technology, wipe out 80%-90% vertical branch, 10%-70% upper oblique branch, facilitate tree crown ventilation and penetrating light, allow all one's life branch,
Descending branch, interior thorax branch become civilized, result, press the tip with fruit, control nutrient growth, and so as to form described strawberry tree, " crowd " is tree-like whole
Shape is completed.
2. according to the method for claim 1, wherein, it is 11.25 ° of planting stocks to allow single trunk to deviate vertical line angle；Allow
The branch of first layer major branch deviates 22.5 ° of vertical line angle；The branch of second layer major branch is allowed to deviate 11.25 ° of vertical line angle.
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| CN106342638B (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2020-05-01 | 新疆生产建设兵团第二师农业科学研究所 | Method for strengthening trunk of pear tree in labor-saving tree form |
| CN106489647B (en) * | 2016-11-02 | 2019-03-05 | 慈溪市林特技术推广中心 | Red bayberry branch trims maintenance process |
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| CN1489894A (en) * | 2002-10-18 | 2004-04-21 | 何园球 | High survival rate technology for transplanting red babyberry in large area |
| RU2486746C1 (en) * | 2011-11-23 | 2013-07-10 | Станислав Николаевич Хабаров | Method of forming crown of fruit trees and small-fruit crops |
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