CN110786158A - Rice raft grafting method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a rice old raft grafting method, which comprises the following steps: stock selection, scion picking time, scion selection, grafting time, grafting part, grafting method and management after grafting. The method overcomes the defect that the stem medulla of the old rice seedlings is a separating medulla, has low grafting survival rate due to the hollow wall, and has the advantages of simple operation, high grafting efficiency, low cost, simple later management, fast growth after grafting and early fructification. And the grafting survival rate reaches more than 90 percent. Is an effective way for storing and utilizing superior rice and improved seed materials in different places. The invention can provide high-yield, fast-growing and high-quality grafted seedlings for the construction of old rice seed-metering gardens and ear-picking gardens. Can obviously shorten the cultivation period of the rice and the old raft. Is a forest genetic improvement technology with strong practicability.

Description

Rice raft grafting method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of forestry biology, particularly relates to a plant asexual propagation method, and more particularly relates to a rice-steak grafting method.

Background

The Miaosuis (Mylar laoscnsis) is evergreen big tree of Hamamelidaceae, the height of an adult tree is up to 30m, the diameter at breast height is more than 80cm, the crown is spherical and umbrella-shaped, the trunk is straight, the bark is dark grey brown, and small branches have annular leaf supporting marks; the tender branches are unhaired. The leaf is oval in width, 10-13 cm in length, short and sharp at the tip, heart-shaped at the base, full margin or 3 superficial laceration, 5 palmate veins, and 7-10 cm in petiole length. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps of (1) carrying out flower amphipathy, wherein scion-shaped inflorescences grow at the tops or in the axilla, the inflorescence axis is about 4cm, most flowers are arranged closely, 5-6 sepals are arranged, and the inflorescences are shorn; the petal is strip-shaped and tongue-shaped, the length of the petal is 0.8-1 cm, the petal is white, 10-13 stamens and the filament is extremely short; anthers are hidden in the slightly larger part of the ovary at the lower part of the inner side of the drug septum, 2 chambers are provided, 6 ovules are arranged in each chamber, the length of a style is 2-3 cm, and the stigma is provided with mastoid process. The capsule is 1.5-2 cm long, the outer peel is thick, and the color is yellow brown: the seeds are 1-1.2cm long, brown, glossy and white at hilum. The flowering period is 6-7 months, and the fruit ripening period is 10-11 months.

The Milao raft belongs to neutral sun-biased fast-growing excellent broad-leaved tree species, young trees are shading-resistant, and the Milao raft has the characteristics of rapid growth, wide adaptability, strong resistance, strong germination capacity, straight trunk, early lumber formation, high outturn rate, luxuriant branches and leaves, large leaf amount, more dead branches and fallen leaves, forest land fertility improvement, water conservation, strong water and soil conservation effect and the like, is one of fireproof forest zone construction and woody feed tree species, and is widely applied to the first-selected species of special-age coniferous needle-broad mixed composite layer forest reconstruction in high-efficiency ecological forest stand construction in recent years. Is a main popularization and application mode for the near-natural and sustainable operation of southern forestry.

The rice noodles are straight and round in shape, and have good wood structure, straight texture, good color and luster and good patterns. The mature period of the artificial forest fiber material is 7 years, the economic mature period is 16 years, the process mature period is more than 20 years, the artificial forest fiber material is a high-quality raw material for buildings, furniture, fiberboards, plywood and pulping and papermaking, is an important ecological economic tree species for collecting materials, ecological protection and appreciation in south Asia tropical zone in China, and is a tree species with good economic benefit and ecological benefit.

The large-scale forestation of the old rice rows adopts seed seedlings to cultivate and afforest, but the seed collection forests have serious differentiation, uneven virtues and low virtues degree. Therefore, the superior characteristics of the female parent can be maintained and the goal of rapid propagation of the superior clone can be realized by selecting the superior Miaoliu superior trees to construct a clone grafting seed garden and carrying out asexual propagation.

The growth characteristics of the rice in the old seedling stage are that the base part grows in a transverse expansion mode, the high growth depends on the top bud to grow in a tip-pulling mode, each tip-pulling growth time forms a internode, each node grows 1 leaf, and the leaf stalk germinates new buds along with the growth and development to develop lateral branches. The stem of each growth cycle comprises 12-15 nodes and internodes. The internal structure of the seedling stem is characterized in that the cavity is hollow and thin. The diameter variation coefficient of each internode and each internode is less than 5 percent. The nursery stock forms a separation medulla at 10cm above the ground, the diameter of the separation medulla reaches 3mm, and the thickness of the medulla is about 0.2 cm. The width of a separating medulla heart between 15 and 60cm above the ground accounts for 30 to 45 percent of the diameter of a seedling stem, the separating medulla heart with the height of more than 60cm of the seedling is gradually reduced to 3mm, the total length of the separating medulla heart accounts for about 70 percent of the total height of the seedling, and the phenomenon that the hollow wall of the seedling stem cavity directly influences the survival of the grafting. Restricting the collection and preservation of superior tree genes and the construction of clone grafting seed gardens.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defect that the hollow wall of a stem cavity is thin and the grafting survival rate is low in the old rice seedling stage, the invention provides a method for grafting superior rice seedlings. The method comprises the steps of stock selection, scion picking time, scion selection, grafting time, grafting part, grafting operation and management after grafting, and is simple and easy to implement, strong in operability and high in grafting survival rate of more than 95%.

The invention is realized in such a way that a rice old raft grafting method comprises the following steps:

selecting the rootstock: the seedling with height over 1m, ground diameter over 1.5cm and base part of seedling stem of about 20cm with grey brown annual surface is selected as stock. Overcomes the defects that the cavity wall of the young seedling is thin, the base part of the stem of the seedling is green, the lignification degree is low, the lignification degree of the base part of the stem of the old seedling is high, and the grafting opening is difficult to cut.

Ear picking time: after the superior tree sprouts, the young shoots grow to more than 10cm per year according to the current year of young branch and young leaves within 3-4 months, the young shoots are provided with 2 young shoots and young leaves, the distance between the young shoots and the two young leaves is about 1.5cm, and more than 2 internodes are formed to be the optimal ear picking time. If the harvest is too late, the distance between the scion and the tender bud of the scion and the two young leaf nodes is too long, which is not favorable for grafting.

Selecting spike strips: the thickness of the ear is more than 0.6cm, the length is more than 10cm, 2 internodes are provided, and 2 pieces of tender shoots and young leaves are provided. The scion is too small and inconvenient to operate, and the nutrition supply after grafting cannot be kept up and is easy to die.

Grafting part: two internode parts which are 30-40cm away from the ground are selected as grafting parts. The 1 year old seedling stem is divided into green tangerine orange peel, phloem, cambium and medulla, and the medulla is used to separate the medulla and has several thin films attached to the wall of the chamber. The epidermis of the stock is turned into green above 20cm away from the ground, the diameter of the stem of the stock is between 1.1 and 1.2cm between 20 and 60cm away from the ground, and the thickness of the seedling wall cavity at the grafting part is 3 to 4mm, thereby being beneficial to grafting. The epidermis of less than 30cm is grey brown, the lignification degree is high, and the graft opening is difficult to cut. And (3) dwarfing and planting the tree body after the unfavorable grafting of more than 60 cm.

Further, the rice old raft grafting method specifically comprises the following steps:

step one, selecting grafting time:

selecting windless weather at the bottom of 3 months and at the beginning of 4 months for grafting.

Step two, stock quality selection:

selecting and planting 1-year-old seedlings in a nursery garden, wherein the quality requirements of the stocks are as follows: the ground diameter is 1.5-2.0cm, the height of the seedling is 1.0-1.2m, the terminal bud is plump, the stem of the seedling is straight and round, no disease or insect exists, and the internode length between two nodes which is more than 30cm away from the ground is more than 10 cm.

Step three, selecting and storing spike strips:

the method comprises the following steps of collecting new shoots at the top of crown of a superior tree in the current year by spike strips, wherein the thickness of the spike strips is more than 0.6cm, the length of the spike strips is more than 10cm, 2 internodes are formed, and 2 shoots and 2 young leaves are arranged. And (3) bundling every 3-5 branches after the spike strips are collected, wrapping the spike strips by absorbent cotton which absorbs enough water, putting the spike strips into a plastic barrel, and timely moisturizing if grafting cannot be completed in the same day.

Step four, selecting a grafting part:

the part between two nodes with internode length more than 10cm is selected as the grafting part between 30cm to 50cm away from the ground of the rootstock.

Step five, the grafting operation process:

and grafting is carried out on the rootstock in a ventral grafting mode during grafting. First, leaves, twigs and buds are cut off below 70cm from the ground. And secondly, selecting a position between two nodes of the rootstock 30-40cm away from the ground, obliquely cutting a knife from top to bottom by using the knife to deeply penetrate into the xylem of the rootstock, wherein the maximum depth of an inlet is less than 1.5cm, the length of a wound is 4-6cm, and the deepest position of the cut is higher than 1cm of the node. The scion is cut into 8-9cm long, the tender leaf at the upper part of the terminal bud is reserved, and the larger tender leaf is cut off. The lower end of the scion is cut into a horse ear-shaped inclined plane, the length of the inclined plane is 4-6cm, the inclined plane conforms to the shape of a wound of the stock, and the length and the width of the cut plane are basically the same as those of the stock inclined plane. The scion is inserted into the phloem of the stock, the cut surfaces of the stock and the scion are adhered together and are tightly bound by a plastic belt special for grafting, a moisture-preserving cover is formed, and the scion and the stock are tightly combined.

Step six, managing after receiving:

and (3) loosening the plastic binding bands after grafting for about 60 days, and obliquely cutting upper branches and leaves of the original stocks from the grafting openings after the scions are loosened to 20cm after the scions are pulled out. After grafting, attention should be paid to observation, and the sprouts of the seedling stems under the grafting ports of the rootstocks are periodically removed. And spraying water at irregular intervals according to the soil moisture condition of the nursery lands, spraying 3% compound fertilizer aqueous solution or applying 25g of compound fertilizer aqueous solution to each plant when the sprouts grow to 30cm, and keeping good water and fertilizer management.

The invention overcomes the defect of low grafting survival rate of the hollow wall of the stem cavity in the old seedling stage of rice and has the advantages of simple operation, high grafting efficiency, low cost, simple later management, fast growth after grafting and early fructification. And the grafting survival rate reaches more than 95 percent. Is an effective way for storing and utilizing superior rice and improved seed materials in different places. The invention can provide high-yield, fast-growing and high-quality grafted seedlings for the construction of old rice seed-metering gardens and ear-picking gardens. Can obviously shorten the cultivation period of the rice and the old raft.

Detailed Description

The principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with examples which are set forth to illustrate, but are not to be construed to limit the scope of the invention.

Example 1:

grafting test conditions of Milao chop

4 months in 2014, a pit nursery is reserved in Hangzhou white sand national forest farms in Fujian province. The method comprises the steps of carrying out 180 grafting tests on superior trees (23-year-old-aged seedlings) collected from water-feeding well pipe protection station mother forest by using the newly-grown shoots at the top of crown of the superior trees in the current year and using old rice seedlings of 1 year as stocks, wherein the grafting heights are respectively 30cm, 60cm and 80cm, and the germination rates of scion branches after 60 days of grafting respectively reach 95%, 90% and 95%. And (4) obliquely cutting upper branches and leaves of the original stock from the grafting opening after about 100 days of grafting. The final preservation rate of the product reaches more than 93.5 percent.

The purpose of grafting is as follows: aiming at the difficulty that the hollow wall of the stem cavity is thin in the old rice seedling stage, a grafting test is carried out, and a grafting technology is groped. The superior tree spike strips in the mother forest are mainly adopted to carry out grafting in the nursery land, and a foundation is laid for the next step of building a clone seed garden and a good material spike cutting garden.

Grafting time: 4, month and 3 days 2014.

The source of the ear strips: the young branches of the superior trees (23 years old) of the mother forest of the food-water well management and protection station of the Shangzhou white sand state are scions in the same year.

Specification of the ear strips: the ear thickness is more than 0.5cm, the length is more than 8cm, 2 internodes are provided, and 2 pieces of tender shoots and young leaves are provided.

Grafting mode: a ventral grafting method.

First, leaves, twigs and buds are cut off below 70cm from the ground. And secondly, selecting a position between two rootstock sections which are 30cm, 60cm and 80cm away from the ground, obliquely cutting a knife from top to bottom to penetrate into the xylem of the rootstock, wherein the length of the cut is 3-4cm, and the depth position of the cut is higher than the section by more than 1 cm. The scion is cut into 3.5-4.5cm long, the tender leaf at the upper part of the terminal bud is reserved, and the larger tender leaf is cut off. The lower end of the scion is cut into a horse ear-shaped inclined plane, the length of the inclined plane is 2-4cm, and the length and the width of the cut plane are basically the same as those of the stock inclined plane. The scion is inserted into the phloem of the stock, the cut surfaces of the stock and the scion are adhered together and are tightly bound by a plastic belt special for grafting, a moisture-preserving cover is formed, and the scion and the stock are tightly combined.

And (4) management after connection:

the grafting part starts to sprout at 30cm, 60cm and 80cm spike strips after grafting for about 60 days, and the plastic binding bands are untied after 60 days, so that the spike strip sprouting rates of the plastic binding bands respectively reach 95%, 90% and 95%. And after the scion is untied to be 15cm, obliquely cutting off upper branches and leaves of the original rootstock from the grafting opening in about 100 days. After grafting, attention should be paid to observation, and the sprouts of the seedling stems under the grafting ports of the rootstocks are periodically removed. And spraying water at irregular intervals according to the soil moisture condition of the nursery lands, spraying 3% compound fertilizer aqueous solution or applying 25g of compound fertilizer aqueous solution to each plant when the sprouts grow to 25cm, and keeping good water and fertilizer management. The comprehensive preservation rate of the grafting of the invention reaches 93.5 percent.

Example 2:

grafting of Milao chop

A pit nursery is reserved in Hangzhou white sand state forest farms in Fujian province at the end of 3 months in 2015. 200 plants are subjected to grafting test by using the newly born twig at the top of the crown of a superior tree (24-year-old) harvested from a parent forest of a water-feeding well pipe protection station and using old rice seedlings of 1 year as stocks, wherein the grafting height is respectively between 30 and 50 cm. The part between two sections with the length between sections more than 10cm is selected as the grafting part. The heading rate of the scion can reach 100% after grafting for 50 days. And (4) obliquely cutting upper branches and leaves of the original stock from the grafting opening after about 100 days of grafting. The final preservation rate of the product is more than 95.5%.

Grafting time: year 2015, 3, month 25.

The source of the ear strips: the young (24-year-old) branches of the crown top of the superior tree of the parent forest of the food-water well management and protection station in the Shang Hangzhou white sand state are scions.

Specification of the ear strips: the thickness of the ear is more than 0.6cm, the length is more than 10cm, 2 internodes are provided, and 2 pieces of tender shoots and young leaves are provided.

Grafting mode: a ventral grafting method.

First, leaves, twigs and buds are cut off below 70cm from the ground. And secondly, selecting a part between two sections of the rootstock which is 30-50cm away from the ground and is closest to the ground, wherein the length of the internode is more than 10cm, obliquely cutting a knife by using the knife from top to bottom to penetrate into the xylem of the rootstock, wherein the depth of an entrance is less than 1.5cm, the length of a wound is 5-6cm, and the deepest position of the cut is higher than that of the section closest to the ground by more than 1 cm. The scion is cut into 8-9cm long, the tender leaf at the upper part of the terminal bud is reserved, and the larger tender leaf is cut off. The lower end of the scion is cut into a horse ear-shaped inclined plane, the length of the inclined plane is 4-5cm, and the length and the width of the cut plane are basically the same as those of the stock inclined plane. The scion is inserted into the phloem of the stock, the cut surfaces of the stock and the scion are adhered together and are tightly bound by a plastic belt special for grafting, a moisture-preserving cover is formed, and the scion and the stock are tightly combined.

And (4) management after connection:

the scion starts to sprout after about 50 days of grafting, the plastic binding band is untied, and the tip pulling rate of the scion reaches 100 percent. And after the scion is untied to 20cm, obliquely cutting upper branches and leaves of the original rootstock from the grafting opening for about 80-100 days. After grafting, attention should be paid to observation, and the sprouts of the seedling stems under the grafting ports of the rootstocks are periodically removed. And spraying water at irregular intervals according to the soil moisture condition of the nursery lands, spraying 3% compound fertilizer aqueous solution or applying 25g of compound fertilizer aqueous solution to each plant when the sprouts grow to 30cm, and keeping good water and fertilizer management. The preservation rate of the grafting of the invention reaches 95.5 percent.

The invention has the following effects:

(1) the selection of the grafted scion and the grafting season are most critical, the scion cutting cannot be ensured too early, the scion is harvested too late, and the distance between the scion tender bud and two young leaf nodes is too long, so that the grafting is not favorable.

(2) Stock requirements: the ground diameter is 1.5-2.0cm, the height of the seedling is 1.0-1.2m, the terminal bud is plump, the stem of the seedling is straight and round, no disease or insect exists, and the internode length between two nodes which are more than 30cm away from the ground is more than 10 cm. And the base part of the seedling stem is about 20cm, and the epidermis is a grayish brown annual seedling which is used as a stock.

(3) The requirement of the spike strip: the top of crown of superior tree has new twig in the current year, with fringe thickness greater than 0.5cm, length greater than 8cm, 2 internodes, and 2 tender shoots and leaves.

(4) Grafting part: the part between two nodes with internode length more than 10cm is selected as the grafting part between 30cm to 50cm away from the ground of the rootstock. Is beneficial to dwarfing the trunk of the old rice-raft mother forest.

(5) The ventral grafting method comprises the following steps: the rootstock and the scion are required to be fast, accurate, thin and stop. The stock is cut to the high cutting speed, the stock is required to be cut in place at one time, the stock cannot be stopped, and otherwise, uneven wounds can be formed. The cutting opening is required to stop, and a slope surface is formed between the cutting opening and the stop, so that the grafting is facilitated. Thinning: the cut is controlled to be 0.15-0.18cm from the deepest wound, otherwise, the cambium is washed to the part of the molten medullary center, and the grafting survival rate is reduced. Stopping: the incision is stopped to a distance of more than 1.0cm from the internode, and too deep can affect the transmission of nutrients. The scion should be cut into noodles reasonably according to the shape of the cut of the stock, and also needs to be fast, accurate and thin. The lower end of the scion is cut with a horse ear-shaped inclined plane.

Claims (9)

1. A rice old raft grafting method is characterized in that: selecting 1-year-old rice-raft field seedlings as rootstocks, and collecting young shoots and young shoots of the current year at the tops of crowns of superior rice-raft trees as scions in 3-4 months per year; grafting is carried out between two sections of the old row cutting board which are 30-40cm away from the ground by adopting a belly grafting mode, the plastic binding bands are untied after grafting for about 60 days, and upper branches and leaves of the original stock are obliquely cut from the grafting opening within about 100 days. And after grafting, periodically removing the new buds of the seedling stem under the grafting port of the stock. Water is not sprayed regularly, and good water and fertilizer management is kept.

2. The rice raft grafting method according to claim 1, wherein the stock is more than 1.0m in height, more than 1.5cm in ground diameter, full in terminal bud, straight and round in seedling stem, free of diseases and insects, and more than 30cm above the ground, and more than 10cm in internode length. The base of the seedling stem is about 20cm, and the epidermis of the seedling stem is a seedling cultured in a dark brown annual field.

3. The rice raft grafting method according to claim 1, wherein the required scion collection comprises the following steps:

(1) and in the Miaochi elite forest, selecting the superior tree according to the superior tree selection standard.

(2) When young shoots of young branches of the superior trees in the same year grow to be more than 10cm in 3-4 months per year, the young shoots of the young branches in the same year on the top of the crown of the superior trees are collected, the thickness of the scion is required to be more than 0.6cm, the length of the scion is more than 10cm, 2 internodes are provided, and 2 young shoots and 2 young leaves are provided.

4. The method for grafting of rice raft according to claim 1, wherein the grafting site is a site between two segments with a length between segments > 10cm, selected from a distance of 30-50cm from the ground.

5. The rice raft grafting method according to claim 1, wherein leaves, twigs and buds are first cut off below 70cm from the ground. And secondly, selecting a position between two sections of the rootstock 30-40cm away from the ground, obliquely cutting a knife from top to bottom to penetrate into the xylem of the rootstock, wherein the length of a wound is 5-6cm, and the depth position of the cut is higher than that of the section by more than 1 cm.

6. The rice raft grafting method according to claim 3, wherein the scion is cut into 8-9cm long, the tender leaf at the upper part of the terminal bud is retained, and the larger tender leaf is cut off. And cutting the lower end of the scion into a horse ear-shaped inclined plane, wherein the length of the inclined plane is 4-5cm, and the length and the width of the cut plane are basically the same as those of the stock inclined plane.

7. The rice raft grafting method according to claim 1, wherein the grafting scion is inserted into the phloem of the stock after the steps of the claims 5 and 6, the stock and the cut surface of the grafting scion are stuck together and are tightly bound by a plastic strip special for grafting, a moisture-preserving cover is formed, and the grafting scion and the stock are tightly combined.

8. The rice raft grafting method according to claim 1, wherein the plastic binding bands are untied after about 60 days of grafting, and after the scion is untied to 20cm, upper branches and leaves of the original rootstock are obliquely cut from the grafting opening after about 100 days.

9. The rice raft grafting method according to claim 1, wherein observation is carried out after grafting, and new buds of seedling stems under a grafting port of the rootstocks are periodically removed. And spraying water at irregular intervals according to the soil moisture condition of the nursery lands, spraying 3% compound fertilizer aqueous solution or applying 25g of compound fertilizer aqueous solution to each plant when the sprouts grow to 30cm, and keeping good water and fertilizer management.