CN116034833A - High-yield paddy rice direct seeding planting method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a high-yield paddy rice direct seeding planting method, and belongs to the technical field of agriculture. The invention comprises soil preparation, sowing and rice growth period management. According to the growth characteristics of the direct-seeding rice, a proper cultivation technology is selected, a proper growth environment is provided for the direct-seeding rice through soil preparation, and weeds can be effectively prevented and treated; through reasonable management of rice growth period, foliar fertilizer is sprayed on different growth periods of rice, so that rice blast is effectively prevented and treated, sufficient nutrients are provided for growth of rice, and the yield of direct-seeding rice can be remarkably improved.

Description

High-yield paddy rice direct seeding planting method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and particularly relates to a high-yield paddy rice direct seeding planting method.

Background

The rice is a main grain crop, and the planting modes of the rice mainly comprise direct seeding and seedling raising and transplanting. At present, in order to improve the yield per unit area, only the climate resources of the rice planting land can be fully utilized for carrying out fine tillage and fine cropping, so that one planting mode of seedling raising and transplanting is dominant. The direct seeding of rice refers to a planting technique of directly seeding seeds into a field without raising seedlings or transplanting rice seedlings. With the development of agricultural technology, agricultural production is also changed from the traditional single goal of pursuing yield to the comprehensive goal of pursuing benefit, ecology and environmental protection, so that the paddy rice direct seeding technology is gradually raised from the aspects of saving water resources, reducing the application amount of chemical fertilizers, reducing the manpower input and the like. However, due to the limitation of the growth and development characteristics of the direct-seeding rice, the growth period is often shortened, so that the available warm light resources are reduced, the contradiction between individuals and the group growth is prominent, the root system is shallow and easy to lodge, and the overall yield is low. Therefore, the direct seeding technique of rice is improved to fully develop the growth potential of the rice, and the improvement of the yield of the rice is an urgent problem to be solved at present.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a high-yield paddy direct seeding method, which can remarkably improve the yield of paddy rice, reduce the labor cost and is suitable for large-area popularization and application.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

a high-yield paddy rice direct seeding planting method comprises soil preparation, seeding and paddy rice growth period;

the soil preparation comprises rotary tillage, water drainage and field soaking of land parcels; the rotary tillage depth is 10-16cm;

the rice growth period management comprises fertilization management;

the fertilization management comprises topdressing in the rice tillering stage, booting stage and scion alignment stage; the additional fertilizer is prepared from 2000-2500 times liquid of 75% tricyclazole, 3-5g/L calcium phosphate, 10-15g/L potassium chloride, 9-12g/L zinc sulfate and 0.2-0.3g/L borax.

Preferably, the additional fertilizer is obtained by spraying the fertilizer on the leaf surfaces of the rice.

Preferably, the water is drained 22-30 days after rotary tillage of the land and before rice sowing, so that the water depth is 8-10cm beyond the soil layer, and the water is drained after 5-8 days after water drainage and field soaking.

Preferably, the land is leveled before sowing, and the leveling is that the land height difference is less than or equal to 4cm.

Preferably, the rice seeds are soaked in the solution 600-800 times of 75% tricyclazole before sowing.

Preferably, the soil preparation further comprises applying a base fertilizer to the soil with rotary tillage.

Preferably, the base fertilizer comprises 20-20-20 nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 10-12 kg/mu, organic fertilizer 50-60 kg/mu, zinc sulfate 0.5-1.0 kg/mu, calcium superphosphate 10-15 kg/mu and silicon fertilizer 0.2-0.6 kg/mu.

Preferably, the rice growth period management further comprises weed control comprising 10% pyriminobac-methyl at a pre-emergence spray concentration of 20-30 mg/L.

Preferably, the sowing is performed on 4 months, 20 days, 5 months and 10 days, and the sowing amount is 12-16 kg/mu.

Preferably, the method also comprises mechanical harvesting when the paddy is mature by nine times or more in the field.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

the invention provides a high-yield paddy rice direct seeding planting method, which selects a proper cultivation technology according to the growth characteristics of direct seeding paddy rice, and can effectively prevent and control weeds through a paddy field before paddy rice seeding; and the foliar fertilizer is sprayed on the rice in different growth periods, so that rice blast is effectively prevented and treated, sufficient nutrients are provided for the growth of the rice, and the yield of direct-seeding rice is remarkably improved. The invention forms a scientific paddy direct seeding cultivation technology and is suitable for large-area popularization and application.

Detailed Description

The invention provides a high-yield paddy rice direct seeding planting method, which comprises land preparation, seeding and paddy rice growth period; the soil preparation comprises rotary tillage, water drainage and field soaking of land parcels; the rotary tillage depth is 10-16cm; the rice growth period management comprises fertilization management; the fertilization management comprises topdressing in the rice tillering stage, booting stage and scion alignment stage; the additional fertilizer is prepared from 2000-2500 times liquid of 75% tricyclazole, 3-5g/L calcium phosphate, 10-15g/L potassium chloride, 9-12g/L zinc sulfate and 0.2-0.3g/L borax.

In the invention, the additional fertilizer is to spray the fertilizer on the rice leaf surface, and the spraying amount is based on that the leaf surface is full of liquid drops and does not drop. Preferably, the foliar fertilizer in the invention is 2200-2400 times liquid of 75% tricyclazole, 3.5-4.5g/L calcium phosphate, 12-14g/L potassium chloride, 10-11g/L zinc sulfate and 0.22-0.28g/L borax, more preferably 2300 times liquid of 75% tricyclazole, 13g/L potassium chloride, 11g/L zinc sulfate and 0.25g/L borax. The 75% tricyclazole in the foliar fertilizer can effectively prevent and treat rice blast, and the calcium phosphate, the potassium chloride, the zinc sulfate and the borax provide sufficient nutrient elements for the growth and development of rice, thereby being beneficial to enhancing the disease and pest resistance of the rice and promoting the improvement of the yield of direct-seeding rice.

In the invention, the water is drained 22-30 days after rotary tillage of the land and before rice sowing, so that the water depth is 8-10cm beyond the soil layer, the water is drained after 5-8 days after water drainage and soaking, preferably, the water is drained 24-26 days before rice sowing, so that the water depth is 9cm beyond the soil layer, and the water is drained after 6-7 days after water drainage and soaking. The invention can effectively control the generation of grass injury by soaking the paddy field before sowing, and reduce the using amount of pesticides.

In the invention, the land is leveled before sowing, the leveling is that the land height difference is less than or equal to 4cm, and the invention can provide good growth environment for rice growth by leveling the land, so that the rice emergence period is consistent.

Preferably, the rice seeds are soaked in the solution 600-800 times of 75% tricyclazole before sowing. As an implementation mode, the method is characterized in that seeds are dried in advance for 1 day before sowing, and then 75% tricyclazole 600-800 times liquid is used for soaking rice seeds for 5-10 hours, preferably 6-8 hours, so that rice blast can be effectively prevented and treated.

In the invention, a base fertilizer is applied into soil along with rotary tillage during soil preparation, wherein the base fertilizer comprises 20-20-20 nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer 10-12 kg/mu, organic fertilizer 50-60 kg/mu, zinc sulfate 0.5-1.0 kg/mu, superphosphate 10-15 kg/mu and silicon fertilizer 0.2-0.6 kg/mu.

In the invention, the seeds are sown in 4 months, 20 days to 5 months and 10 days, and the sowing amount is 12 kg/mu to 16 kg/mu. The sowing varieties comprise Songliao 838, japonica YOU 586, tie Japonica No. 11, wuYOU 17 and ZHONGKE 804. The invention sows when the low temperature is stabilized at 10 ℃ for 4 months 20 days to 5 months 10 days each year. As an implementation mode, the invention adopts a hole sowing mode, 5-7 grains are sown in each hole, and the row spacing is 15-22cm, preferably 18-20cm. Immediately after sowing, the rice is irrigated once and permeated with water, and then the water is managed in the conventional way in the field during the rice growth period.

In the invention, the rice growth period management also comprises weed control, wherein the weed control comprises 10% pyriminobac-methyl with the pre-emergence spraying concentration of 20-30mg/L and the spraying amount of 20L/mu, and the pre-emergence spraying is preferably 2-3d after the first water filling after seeding.

In the invention, the rice is mechanically harvested when the rice in the field is mature.

Unless otherwise specified, the reagents involved in the present invention are all commercially available products and are commercially available in a stable manner.

The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.

Example 1

In the embodiment, the rice variety is japonica you 586

Uniformly spreading 20-20-20 nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer 11 kg/mu, organic fertilizer 60 kg/mu, zinc sulfate 0.8 kg/mu, calcium superphosphate 13 kg/mu and silicon fertilizer 0.5 kg/mu on rice plots 24 days before sowing, and directly carrying out rotary tillage after base fertilizer spreading, wherein the rotary tillage depth is 12cm; after rotary tillage is finished, water is drained in the land, the water is enabled to be deep to be 9cm beyond the soil layer, and after the water is drained and soaked in the field for 6 days, the water is drained; leveling the land parcels 1 day before sowing until the height difference is less than or equal to 4cm;

airing the rice seeds for 1 day, and soaking the rice seeds for 8 hours by using 75% tricyclazole 800 times liquid;

sowing in a hole sowing mode for 5 months and 5 days, wherein the row spacing is 18cm, the sowing amount is 12 kg/mu, and water is immediately irrigated once after sowing; after 3d of water filling, 10% pyriminobac-methyl with the concentration of 25mg/L is sprayed, and the spraying amount is 20L/mu;

spraying 2300 times of 75% tricyclazole solution, 4.0g/L calcium phosphate, 13g/L potassium chloride, 11g/L zinc sulfate and 0.25g/L borax in the tillering stage, booting stage and scion stage of the rice respectively;

adopting a conventional rice growth period management method;

harvesting the rice when the rice in the field is mature.

Example 2

The difference between this example and example 1 is that the field was soaked by water at 30 days before sowing, the water was 8cm deep beyond the soil layer, and the water was drained after 5 days of soaking.

The rice variety is japonica you 586;

uniformly spreading 20-20-20 nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer 11 kg/mu, organic fertilizer 60 kg/mu, zinc sulfate 0.8 kg/mu, calcium superphosphate 13 kg/mu and silicon fertilizer 0.5 kg/mu on rice plots 30 days before sowing, and directly carrying out rotary tillage after base fertilizer spreading, wherein the rotary tillage depth is 12cm; after rotary tillage is finished, water is drained in the land, the water is enabled to be deep to be 8cm beyond the soil layer, and after water is drained and soaked in the field for 5 days, the water is drained; leveling the land parcels 1 day before sowing until the height difference is less than or equal to 4cm;

airing the rice seeds for 1 day, and soaking the rice seeds for 8 hours by using 75% tricyclazole 800 times liquid;

sowing in a hole sowing mode for 5 months and 5 days, wherein the row spacing is 18cm, the sowing amount is 12 kg/mu, and water is immediately irrigated once after sowing; after 3d of water filling, 10% pyriminobac-methyl with the concentration of 25mg/L is sprayed, and the spraying amount is 20L/mu;

spraying 2300 times of 75% tricyclazole solution, 4.0g/L calcium phosphate, 13g/L potassium chloride, 11g/L zinc sulfate and 0.25g/L borax in the tillering stage, booting stage and scion stage of the rice respectively;

adopting a conventional rice growth period management method;

harvesting the rice when the rice in the field is mature.

Example 3

The difference between this example and example 1 is that the rice variety is Songliao 838

Uniformly spreading 20-20-20 nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer 11 kg/mu, organic fertilizer 60 kg/mu, zinc sulfate 0.8 kg/mu, calcium superphosphate 13 kg/mu and silicon fertilizer 0.5 kg/mu on rice plots 24 days before sowing, and directly carrying out rotary tillage after base fertilizer spreading, wherein the rotary tillage depth is 12cm; after rotary tillage is finished, water is drained in the land, the water is enabled to be deep to be 9cm beyond the soil layer, and after the water is drained and soaked in the field for 6 days, the water is drained; leveling the land parcels 1 day before sowing until the height difference is less than or equal to 4cm;

airing the rice seeds for 1 day, and soaking the rice seeds for 8 hours by using 75% tricyclazole 800 times liquid;

sowing in a hole sowing mode for 5 months and 5 days, wherein the row spacing is 18cm, the sowing amount is 12 kg/mu, and water is immediately irrigated once after sowing; after 3d of water filling, 10% pyriminobac-methyl with the concentration of 25mg/L is sprayed, and the spraying amount is 20L/mu;

spraying 2300 times of 75% tricyclazole solution, 4.0g/L calcium phosphate, 13g/L potassium chloride, 11g/L zinc sulfate and 0.25g/L borax in the tillering stage, booting stage and scion stage of the rice respectively;

adopting a conventional rice growth period management method;

harvesting the rice when the rice in the field is mature.

Comparative example 1

This comparative example differs from example 1 in that no water-draining soaking of the field was performed before sowing.

Comparative example 2

The comparative example was different from example 1 in that rice seedling raising was performed after soaking rice seeds, transplanting was performed after 15 days of seedling age, and then the same topdressing and rice growth period management method as in example 1 was adopted.

Comparative example 3

The comparative example is different from example 1 in that the additional fertilizer is applied by applying 20-20-20 nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 10 kg/mu in a water irrigation mode at the tillering stage, booting stage and heading stage of rice respectively.

Example 4

This example compares rice yield from different planting methods

In the Seilization separation laboratory field of the agricultural academy of sciences of Heilongjiang province, paddy rice was planted by the methods disclosed in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 3, each of which was provided with 3 cells each having an area of 200m ³ Thousand kernel weight and yield of rice in different planting methods were counted at the time of harvest, and the results are shown in table 1.

TABLE 1 yield of different planting modes

As shown by the results of the table, the method provided by the invention can obviously improve the yield of rice. In addition, in the rice planting process, in the comparative example 1, the water soaking field treatment is not carried out, and the grass injury can not be effectively prevented and controlled only by spraying pesticides before emergence of seedlings, so that the weeds in the seedling stage field grow vigorously to compete with the rice for water, fertilizer and light resources, the growth and development of the rice are affected, and the yield of the rice is reduced; in the comparative example 2, a planting mode of seedling raising and transplanting is adopted, the labor cost is high, the rice seeds need to be soaked for germination acceleration, the loss of the rice seeds is easy to cause, weeds are easy to grow in the planting process, and the rice yield is influenced; in comparative example 3, the compound fertilizers of 20-20-20 nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are applied, the nutrient elements of the rice are not absorbed enough, and rice blast easily occurs in the later stage of rice planting, so that the yield of the rice is reduced.

The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A high-yield paddy rice direct seeding planting method is characterized by comprising land preparation, seeding and paddy rice growth period management;

the soil preparation comprises rotary tillage, water drainage and field soaking of land parcels; the rotary tillage depth is 10-16cm;

the rice growth period management comprises fertilization management;

the fertilization management comprises topdressing in the rice tillering stage, booting stage and scion alignment stage; the additional fertilizer is prepared from 2000-2500 times liquid of 75% tricyclazole, 3-5g/L calcium phosphate, 10-15g/L potassium chloride, 9-12g/L zinc sulfate and 0.2-0.3g/L borax.

2. The planting method according to claim 1, wherein the additional fertilizer is applied to the leaf surfaces of the rice.

3. The planting method according to claim 1, wherein the water is drained 22-30 days after rotary tillage of the land and before sowing of the rice, the water is made to be 8-10cm deeper than the soil layer, and the water is drained after 5-8 days after the water is drained.

4. The planting method according to claim 1, wherein the land is leveled before sowing, and the leveling is that the land height difference is less than or equal to 4cm.

5. The planting method according to claim 1, wherein the rice seeds are soaked with a solution of 600-800 times 75% tricyclazole before sowing.

6. The planting method of claim 1, wherein the preparing further comprises applying a base fertilizer to the soil with rotary tillage.

7. The planting method according to claim 6, wherein the base fertilizer comprises 20-20-20 nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 10-12 kg/mu, organic fertilizer 50-60 kg/mu, zinc sulfate 0.5-1.0 kg/mu, superphosphate 10-15 kg/mu and silicon fertilizer 0.2-0.6 kg/mu.

8. The planting method according to claim 1, wherein the rice growth period management further comprises weed control comprising pre-emergence spraying 10% pyriminobac-methyl at a concentration of 20-30 mg/L.

9. The planting method according to claim 1, wherein the sowing is performed on days 4-20-5-10, and the sowing amount is 12-16 kg/mu.

10. The planting method of claim 1, further comprising harvesting the rice at maturity above ninety percent of field rice.