CN113079972B - Method for continuously controlling tomato root-knot nematode by resistant variety - Google Patents
Method for continuously controlling tomato root-knot nematode by resistant variety Download PDFInfo
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- CN113079972B CN113079972B CN202110373194.XA CN202110373194A CN113079972B CN 113079972 B CN113079972 B CN 113079972B CN 202110373194 A CN202110373194 A CN 202110373194A CN 113079972 B CN113079972 B CN 113079972B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for continuously controlling tomato root-knot nematode by resistant varieties, which comprises the steps of selecting a tomato variety resistant to root-knot nematode, reserving 1 axillary bud at the leaf axillary position of any leaf except 3 leaves below the fruit cluster after the 1 st panicle inflorescence of a plant bears fruit, reserving 2 leaves for the axillary bud to be pinched, and removing buds and secondary lateral buds growing on the axillary bud; when the soil temperature exceeds 28 ℃, cutting off the remained axillary bud branches by 0.5-1.0cm, promoting the base part to sprout new buds, keeping 2-3 new buds, smearing 50-75mg/kg of Dufulin aqueous solution when the new buds grow out of 2 leaves, and pinching the new buds after 7-10 days. The invention can keep the resistance sustainability of the tomato variety resisting the root knot nematode and can effectively control the harm of the root knot nematode.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for continuously controlling tomato root-knot nematodes by resistant varieties, belonging to the technical field of vegetable plant protection.
Background
The root-knot nematode damage is one of the main damages in the production process of tomato crops, and can cause the yield of tomatoes to be reduced by more than 30 percent, even the tomatoes are not harvested completely. In recent years, the planting area of vegetables in protected areas such as solar greenhouses and the like in China is continuously enlarged, the temperature and the humidity of the solar greenhouses are proper, and the root-knot nematodes are aggravated year by year due to continuous cropping all year round. The selection of a variety resistant to root knot nematode is one of the economic and effective ways to overcome the harm of the root knot nematode of facility tomatoes. Most resistant varieties are resistant to root-knot nematodes, but the resistance persistence is not strong, especially the resistance is lost when the soil temperature exceeds 28 ℃, which is related to the thermal instability of the Mi gene. At present, only methods for maintaining resistance by maintaining the ground temperature not higher than 28 ℃ are available, and methods for enhancing the resistance persistence of resistant varieties are not available. How to strengthen the resistance persistence of resistant varieties in production is a problem to be urgently solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a method for continuously controlling tomato root-knot nematode by resistant varieties, which can keep the resistance continuous force of the tomato varieties for resisting the root-knot nematode and effectively control the harm of the root-knot nematode.
In order to solve the problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a method for continuously controlling tomato root-knot nematode by using resistant varieties selects tomato varieties resistant to root-knot nematode and contains Mi resistant genes, 1 axillary bud is reserved at the leaf axillary position of any leaf except 3 leaves below the fruit cluster after the 1 st panicle inflorescence of the plants bears fruit, 2 leaves are reserved for the axillary bud for pinching, and buds and secondary lateral buds growing on the axillary bud are removed;
when the soil temperature exceeds 28 ℃, cutting off the remained axillary bud branches by 0.5-1.0cm, promoting the base part to sprout new buds, keeping 2-3 new buds, and when the new buds grow out of 2 leaves, smearing toxic fluorine phosphorus aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 50-75mg/kg on the new buds for 7-10 days, and then pinching off the new buds.
An optimized scheme is that the leaves close to the root system are selected as the implantation positions of the axillary buds.
In another optimized scheme, the soil temperature is the soil layer temperature with the underground depth of 10 cm.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme has the following advantages that: the method can activate and induce the inherent resistance of the tomato variety resisting the root-knot nematode, enhance the resistance duration, maintain the original resistance when the soil temperature exceeds 28 ℃, and effectively and continuously control the harm of the root-knot nematode. The root-knot index of the resistant tomato variety can be continuously controlled within 5 without any other auxiliary control measures, the yield is improved by more than 10 percent, and the method is particularly suitable for controlling the root-knot nematode of the resistant tomato variety when the soil temperature exceeds 28 ℃ in high-temperature seasons.
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following specific embodiments.
Detailed Description
The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The tomatoes are cultivated in early spring in a sunlight greenhouse, and the sunlight greenhouse for certain vegetables is located in Shandong. Sowing the seeds in 11 and 15 months in 2017, planting the seeds in 5 days in 1 and 5 months next year, wherein the variety is resistant to the Monitaa and contains the Mi gene and is resistant to root-knot nematode. FA-189 which is not resistant to root-knot nematode is used as a control variety. The root knot nematode disease of the sunlight greenhouse selected by the field test is serious, the crop planted in the previous crop is the cucumber, and the yield is reduced by more than 30%.
Treatment 1: according to the technical scheme of the application. The specific scheme is as follows:
after planting Mountainella resistance, 1 axillary bud is reserved at the leaf axillary position of 3 leaves close to the root system except the lower part of the 1 st fruit cluster, 2 leaves are reserved for the axillary bud to be pinched, and a bud and a secondary side bud growing on the axillary bud are removed;
monitoring the soil temperature regularly, when the temperature of a soil layer with the underground depth of 10cm exceeds 28 ℃, cutting off the remained axillary bud branches by 0.5cm, promoting the base part of the axillary bud branches to sprout and keeping 2 new buds, when the new buds grow 2 leaves, smearing toxic fluorine phosphorus aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 50mg/kg on the new buds, and pinching the new buds after 7 days.
And (3) treatment 2: the application of Dufulin on new buds is changed into root irrigation. The specific scheme is as follows:
and (3) regularly monitoring the soil temperature after the Monizat resistant field planting, and irrigating the roots with a toxic fluorophosphate aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 50mg/kg when the temperature of a soil layer with the local depth of 10cm exceeds 28 ℃, wherein each plant is 250 g.
And (3) treatment: the method changes the smearing of the new buds of the Dufulin into the spraying of the entire Monita resistant plants, and the specific scheme is as follows:
regularly monitoring the soil temperature after the Monizat resistant field planting, and spraying a toxic fluorine phosphorus aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 50mg/kg on the leaf surface of the whole plant when the temperature of a soil layer with the local depth of 10cm exceeds 28 DEG C
And (4) treatment: no toxic fluorophosphate treatment measures are adopted. The specific scheme is as follows:
after planting, 1 axillary bud is reserved at the leaf axillary position of 3 leaves close to the root system except the 1 st fruit ear below the 1 st fruit ear, 2 leaves are reserved for the axillary bud to be pinched, and a bud and a secondary side bud growing on the axillary bud are removed.
And (4) treatment 5: the FA-189 tomato variety is adopted, and is not resistant to root-knot nematode. Except for the variety, the other technical schemes are the same as those in the treatment 1.
Randomly taking 5 plants with roots and digging out the plants 90 days after the field planting, cleaning the plants with clear water, and observing the root growth condition; and (3) randomly taking 20 plants with roots and digging out each treatment before seedling pulling, cleaning the plants with clear water, grading the root knots of the roots respectively, and calculating the root knot index.
The root knot index is calculated by the following steps:
root knot grading standard:
grade 0, no root knot;
1-2 root knots are arranged at the level 1;
grade 2, 3-10 root knots are arranged;
grade 3, 11-30 root knots are formed;
at level 4, 31-100 root knots are formed;
level 5, more than 100 root knots are provided.
And (3) test results: 90 days after planting, the ground temperature is monitored to be 26.3 ℃, no root knot is found in the treatment 1, the treatment 2, the treatment 3 and the treatment 4, a large number of root knots are distributed on the root system of the treatment 5, and part of plants are yellowed and cannot form yield; the root knot indexes of the seedling pulling pretreatment 1, the treatment 2, the treatment 3 and the treatment 4 are 1.36, 26.13, 28.49 and 37.55 respectively. Through analysis of variance, the differences between the treatments 1 and 2, 3 and 4 are very significant, and the differences between the treatments 2, 3 and 4 are not significant.
In addition, after harvesting the tomatoes, the yield of each test field is calculated, the tomato yield per mu of the treatment 1, the treatment 2, the treatment 3 and the treatment 4 is 9798.7kg, 8815.6kg, 8907.4kg and 8329.5kg respectively, and the tomato yield per mu of the treatment 1 is increased by 11.1%, 10.0% and 17.6% respectively compared with the tomato yield per mu of the treatment 2, the treatment 3 and the treatment 4.
Example 2
The tomatoes are cultivated in early spring in a sunlight greenhouse, and the sunlight greenhouse for certain vegetables is located in Shandong. Sowing the seeds in 2017 in 11 and 15 days, and planting the seeds in the next 1 and 6 days, wherein the variety is Kaimei and contains Mi gene to resist root-knot nematode. FA-189 which is not resistant to root-knot nematode is used as a control variety. The root knot nematode disease of the sunlight greenhouse selected by the field test is serious, the crop planted in the previous crop is the cucumber, and the yield is reduced by more than 30%.
Treatment 1: according to the technical scheme of the application. The specific scheme is as follows:
after Kaimei planting, 1 axillary bud is reserved at the leaf axillary position of 3 leaves close to the root system except the lower part of the 1 st fruit ear, 2 leaves are reserved for the axillary bud for pinching, and a flower bud and a secondary side bud growing on the axillary bud are removed;
and (3) regularly monitoring the soil temperature, when the temperature of a soil layer with the underground depth of 10cm exceeds 28 ℃, cutting off the remained axillary bud branches by 1.0cm, promoting the base parts of the axillary bud branches to sprout and keeping 3 new buds, when the new buds grow into 2 leaves, smearing toxic fluorine phosphorus aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 75mg/kg on the new buds, and pinching the new buds after 10 days.
And (3) treatment 2: the application of Dufulin on new buds is changed into root irrigation. The specific scheme is as follows:
and (3) regularly monitoring the soil temperature after Kaimei permanent planting, and irrigating roots with a toxic fluorophosphate aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 75mg/kg when the temperature of a soil layer with the underground depth of 10cm exceeds 28 ℃, wherein each plant is 250 g.
And (3) treatment: the method changes the application of the Dufulin on the new buds into the spraying of the whole plants, and the specific scheme is as follows:
and (3) monitoring the soil temperature regularly after Kaimei permanent planting, and spraying a toxic fluorine phosphorus aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 75mg/kg on the leaf surface of the whole plant when the temperature of a soil layer with the underground depth of 10cm exceeds 28 ℃.
And (4) treatment: no toxic fluorophosphate treatment measures are adopted. The specific scheme is as follows:
after Kaimei planting, 1 axillary bud is reserved at the leaf axillary position of 3 leaves close to the root system except the lower part of the 1 st fruit ear, 2 leaves are reserved in the axillary bud for pinching, and a flower bud and a secondary side bud growing on the axillary bud are removed.
And (4) treatment 5: the FA-189 tomato variety is adopted, and is not resistant to root-knot nematode. Except for varieties, the other technical schemes are the same as the treatment 1.
Randomly taking 5 plants with roots and digging out the plants 90 days after the field planting, cleaning the plants with clear water, and observing the root growth condition; and (3) randomly taking 20 plants with roots and digging out each treatment before seedling pulling, cleaning the plants with clear water, grading the root knots of the roots respectively, and calculating the root knot index. The root knot grading criteria and root knot index calculation method were the same as in example 1.
As a result: 90 days after planting, the ground temperature is monitored to be 26.6 ℃, root knots are not found in the treatment 1, the treatment 2, the treatment 3 and the treatment 4, a large number of root knots are distributed on the root system of the treatment 5, and part of plants are yellowed and cannot form yield; the root knot indexes of the seedling pulling pretreatment 1, the treatment 2, the treatment 3 and the treatment 4 are 1.27, 26.55, 29.12 and 39.68 respectively. Through analysis of variance, the differences between the treatments 1 and 2, 3 and 4 were very significant, and the differences between the treatments 2, 3 and 4 were not significant.
In addition, after the tomatoes are harvested, the yield of each test field is calculated, the tomato yield per mu of the treatment 1, the treatment 2, the treatment 3 and the treatment 4 is 12094.6kg, 10849.2kg, 10718.5kg and 10231.9kg respectively, and the tomato yield per mu of the treatment 1 is increased by 11.5%, 12.8% and 18.2% respectively compared with the tomato yield per mu of the treatment 2, the treatment 3 and the treatment 4.
Example 3
The tomatoes are cultivated in the sunlight greenhouse in early spring stubbles, and the sunlight greenhouse of a certain vegetable is planted in the Shandong birthday season. Sowing the seeds in 2017 in 11 and 15 days, and planting the seeds in the next 1 and 4 days, wherein the variety is Elaste and contains Mi gene for resisting root-knot nematode. FA-189 which is not resistant to root-knot nematode is used as a control variety. The root knot nematode disease of the sunlight greenhouse selected in the field test is serious, the crop planted in the previous crop is cucumber, and the yield is reduced by more than 30 percent.
Treatment 1: according to the technical scheme of the application. The specific scheme is as follows:
after the Erait planting, 1 axillary bud is reserved at the leaf axillary position of 3 leaves close to the root system except the lower part of the 1 st fruit ear, 2 leaves are reserved for the axillary bud for pinching, and a bud and a secondary side bud growing on the axillary bud are removed;
and (3) monitoring the soil temperature regularly, when the temperature of a soil layer with the underground depth of 10cm exceeds 28 ℃, cutting off the remained axillary bud branches by 0.8cm, promoting the base parts of the axillary bud branches to sprout new buds, keeping 2 new buds, smearing toxic fluorine-phosphorus aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 60mg/kg on the new buds when the new buds grow out of 2 leaves, and pinching the new buds after 8 days.
And (3) treatment 2: the application of Dufulin on the bud is changed into root irrigation. The specific scheme is as follows:
and (3) regularly monitoring the soil temperature after the Erlat field planting, and irrigating roots with a toxic fluorophosphate aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 60mg/kg when the temperature of a soil layer with the underground depth of 10cm exceeds 28 ℃, wherein each plant is 250 g.
And (3) treatment: the method changes the application of the Dufulin on the new buds into the spraying of the whole plants, and the specific scheme is as follows:
and (3) regularly monitoring the soil temperature after the Erlat field planting, and spraying a toxic fluorine phosphorus aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 60mg/kg to the leaf surfaces of the whole plants when the temperature of a soil layer with the underground depth of 10cm exceeds 28 ℃.
And (4) treatment: no toxic fluorophosphate treatment is adopted. The specific scheme is as follows:
and (3) after the Erait planting, reserving 1 axillary bud at the leaf axillary position of 3 leaves close to the root system below the 1 st fruit ear, reserving 2 leaves for the axillary bud to be pinched, and removing a flower bud and a secondary side bud grown on the axillary bud.
And (4) treatment 5: the FA-189 tomato variety is adopted, and is not resistant to root-knot nematode. Except for varieties, the other technical schemes are the same as the treatment 1.
Randomly taking 5 plants with roots and digging out the plants 90 days after the field planting, cleaning the plants with clear water, and observing the root growth condition; and (3) randomly taking 20 plants with roots and digging out each treatment before seedling pulling, cleaning the plants with clear water, grading the root knots of the roots respectively, and calculating the root knot index. The root knot grading criteria and root knot index calculation method were the same as in example 1.
As a result: 90 days after planting, the ground temperature is monitored to be 26.1 ℃, root knots are not found in the treatment 1, the treatment 2, the treatment 3 and the treatment 4, a large number of root knots are distributed on the root system of the treatment 5, and part of plants are yellowed and cannot form yield; the root knot indexes of the pre-treatment before seedling pulling 1, the treatment 2, the treatment 3 and the treatment 4 are 1.55, 25.92, 29.51 and 40.65 respectively. Through analysis of variance, the differences between the treatments 1 and 2, 3 and 4 were very significant, and the differences between the treatments 2, 3 and 4 were not significant.
In addition, after the tomatoes are harvested, the yield of each test field is calculated, the tomato yield per mu of the treatment 1, the treatment 2, the treatment 3 and the treatment 4 is 10907.8kg, 9646.5kg, 9702.4kg and 9118.6kg respectively, and the improvement of the treatment 1 is 13.1%, 12.4% and 19.6% compared with the treatment 2, the treatment 3 and the treatment 4 respectively.
It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the above-described embodiments are merely exemplary, intended to enable persons skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. In light of the technical solutions of the present invention, those skilled in the art can implement the objects of the present invention in other ways without creative efforts, and the modifications made according to the technical solutions of the present invention fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A method for continuously controlling tomato root-knot nematode by a resistant variety is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the steps of smearing 50-75mg/kg of Dufulin water solution when 2 leaves grow out of the sprout, and pinching the sprout after 7-10 days;
the new buds are germinated after 0.5-1.0cm of the remained axillary bud branches are cut off;
the reserved number of the buds is 2-3;
the germination condition of the new bud is that the soil temperature exceeds 28 ℃;
the axillary buds are positioned at the axillary positions of any one leaf except 3 leaves below the cluster after the 1 st panicle inflorescence of the plant bears fruit;
2 leaves are reserved for picking the axillary buds, and buds and secondary side buds growing on the axillary buds are picked;
the method needs to select a tomato variety resisting the root-knot nematode, and the tomato variety resisting the root-knot nematode contains Mi genes and resists the root-knot nematode.
2. The method for continuously controlling tomato root-knot nematode of a resistant variety according to claim 1, characterized in that: and selecting the leaves close to the root system at the implantation positions of the axillary buds.
3. The method of claim 1 for the continuous control of tomato root knot nematode in a resistant variety, characterized in that: the soil temperature is the soil layer temperature of 10cm underground.
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| CN103181305B (en) * | 2012-08-16 | 2014-07-09 | 胡永军 | Training method for preventing premature aging of tomatoes |
| CN105123283B (en) * | 2015-08-28 | 2017-11-14 | 寿光市新世纪种苗有限公司 | A kind of method for cultivating cucumber health grafting |
| CN105123471B (en) * | 2015-08-28 | 2018-03-06 | 寿光市新世纪种苗有限公司 | A kind of breeding method of tomato health seedling |
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