CN110447523A - A kind of implantation methods of potted tomato - Google Patents
A kind of implantation methods of potted tomato Download PDFInfo
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- CN110447523A CN110447523A CN201910850593.3A CN201910850593A CN110447523A CN 110447523 A CN110447523 A CN 110447523A CN 201910850593 A CN201910850593 A CN 201910850593A CN 110447523 A CN110447523 A CN 110447523A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of implantation methods of potted tomato, this method planting pot tomatoes by the way of sustained release bag fertilising, specifically includes the following steps: 1) preparing matrix and fertilizer；2) configured fertilizer is fitted into sustained release bag, and edge sealing, as bag control slow-release fertilizer；3) it is first put into first part's matrix in flowerpot, then bag control slow-release fertilizer is placed in first part's matrix, then second branch's matrix is covered on bag control slow-release fertilizer；4) tomato seedling is colonized in flowerpot, breeding time only pours clear water, remaining presses normal management.Operation of the present invention is simple, can not only reduce workload, but also significantly improves the yield and quality of potted tomato, also increases the appreciative value of potted tomato simultaneously.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of vegetable cultivation, more particularly to a kind of implantation methods of potted tomato.
Background technique
It is influenced with the improvement of people ' s living standards and by green and healthy idea, potting Ornamental Vegetable is as a kind of novel
Vegetable cultivation mode gradually get people's approval.Potting Ornamental Vegetable can not only provide fresh vegetables, beautify the environment, and
And people can also be allowed to experience the pleasure of agro-farming after work, slow down rhythm of life.
In numerous vegetables, tomato since color is gorgeous, the graceful and with higher potting ornamental value of shape, and kind
Also rich in nutritional ingredients such as lycopene abundant, vitamin and beta carotenes in eggplant.Therefore, by the happiness of potting fan
Vigorously.
But as new industry, potting Ornamental Vegetable is started late in China, and there are mating planting technology is inadequate in production
The problems such as perfect lack maintenance of plant experience, inevitably meet in production process along with pursuer is mostly non-agricultural personage
To technical problem.Especially in terms of fertilising, the blindness application of fertilizer had both resulted in the long potential difference of vegetables, poor quality, low output and money
Source waste, and reduce the enthusiasm of pursuer.
Therefore it provides a kind of implantation methods for the potted tomato that plantation is simple, quality is good, yield is high are those skilled in the art
The technical issues of member's urgent need to resolve.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the present invention provides a kind of implantation methods of potted tomato according to the regulation of fertilizer requirement of potted tomato, make
Workload can be not only reduced with this method, but also tomato yield, quality and utilization rate of fertilizer can be improved.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A kind of implantation methods of potted tomato, the planting pot tomato by the way of sustained release bag fertilising, specifically include following
Step:
1) matrix and fertilizer are prepared；
2) configured fertilizer is fitted into sustained release bag, and edge sealing, as bag control slow-release fertilizer；
3) it is first put into first part's matrix in flowerpot, then bag control slow-release fertilizer is placed in first part's matrix, then will
Second branch's matrix is covered on bag control slow-release fertilizer；
4) tomato seedling is colonized in flowerpot, breeding time only pours clear water, remaining presses normal management.
Preferably, the sustained release bag is made of composite paper-plastic material, and the sustained release bag includes: edge sealing, paper plastic bag face and micro-
Three, hole part.
Preferably, every face of the wide 80~100mm of the sustained release bag, long 70~120mm, the sustained release bag are equipped with 4~5 column,
7~14 micropores of each column, the micro-pore diameter are 0.4~0.6mm, and every plant of tomato need to use 1 bag of bag control slow-release fertilizer.
Preferably, 708.4~944.6mg of N, P are contained in bag control slow-release fertilizer needed for every plant of tomato2O5680.4~
907.2mg、K2583.4~777.8mg of O.
For bag control slow-release fertilizer according to the principle expanded with heat and contract with cold, being sustained micropore on bag can be according to the height of temperature and moisture
How many automatic expansions and diminution, to achieve the purpose that control nutrient releasing speed.As the temperature rises with the increase of water content,
Micropore can continuous swell, nutrient releasing speed gradually accelerates, and crop root activity at this time is also constantly accelerated, and required nutrient also increases
Add.Bag control slow-release fertilizer in the entire growth course of crop can sustainedly and stably outside Releasing nutrient, micropore quantity and size
The demand that the confession for rationally designing the nutrient made in fertilizer gives crop has good synchronism, both will not be excessive, will not be very few.
If encountering watering, the seldom a part of fertilizer only released at that time outflowed with water, other fertilizer, will not still in bag
Loss.Also, bag control slow-release fertilizer is hardly influenced by soil types, this is just quantitative fertilization or the essence realized truly
Quasi- fertilising creates condition.
Bag control slow-release fertilizer overcomes fertilizer supply excess early period, the disadvantage of later period fertilizer efficiency deficiency, fertilizer relative to common fertilizer
Material release matches substantially with tomato N. P. K absorption rule, which is that fertile feature system is needed according to tomato with when amount of application
It is fixed, it ensure that breeding time stable source of manure supply, effectively increase utilization rate of fertilizer.
Preferably, 190~210mm of the second substrate upper surface of the bag control slow-release fertilizer distance.
The landfill depth of bag control slow-release fertilizer has a great impact to the growth of tomato: if sustained release bag is from table in the second matrix
Face is too deep, then influences absorption of the Tomato Root System to fertilizer；If crossed shallowly, because tomato seedling root system early period is weaker, then root system is influenced
Development, or even cause burn seedlings.
Preferably, the matrix is turf: vermiculite: perlite=2:1:1.
Preferably, primary in the every 3~6d watering of tomato breeding time, it irrigates.
Via above scheme, compared to the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
The present invention problem not easy to control for dose in potted tomato planting process provides a kind of potted tomato
Implantation methods, this method make fertility slow release by using sustained release bag, and combine suitable fertilizer amount and matrix, realize
Fertilizer disposably applies, and the later period only pours clear water, and no longer top dressing is simple and efficient planting patterns, can provide sufficient support for tomato
Point, and effectively prevent harm of the excessive fertilization to tomato.Operation of the present invention is simple, and the tomato of cultivation does not need special management,
The yield and quality of potted tomato can be significantly improved, also increases the appreciative value of potted tomato simultaneously.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to more clearly explain the embodiment of the invention or the technical proposal in the existing technology, to embodiment or will show below
There is attached drawing needed in technical description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only this
The embodiment of invention for those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts, can also basis
The attached drawing of offer obtains other attached drawings.
Fig. 1 attached drawing is the land-fill method of the sustained release bag of the embodiment of the present invention 1；
Fig. 2 attached drawing is the structural schematic diagram of the sustained release bag of the embodiment of the present invention 1；
Fig. 3 attached drawing is the bag control slow-release fertilizer release characteristics figure of the embodiment of the present invention 1；
Fig. 4 attached drawing is influence of the bag control slow-release fertilizer dosage of the embodiment of the present invention 1 to tomato plant height and stem thickness；
Fig. 5 attached drawing is influence of the bag control slow-release fertilizer dosage of the embodiment of the present invention 1 to Net Photosynthetic Rate in tomato leaf；
Influence of the bag control slow-release fertilizer dosage of Fig. 6 attached drawing embodiment of the present invention 1 to Tomato Root System configuration and root activity；
Fig. 7 attached drawing is influence of the bag control slow-release fertilizer dosage of the embodiment of the present invention 1 to tomato yield；
Fig. 8 attached drawing is influence of the bag control slow-release fertilizer dosage of the embodiment of the present invention 1 to tomato dry-matter accumulation.
In Fig. 2:
1- edge sealing, 2- paper plastic bag face, 3- micropore.
Specific embodiment
The technical scheme in the embodiments of the invention will be clearly and completely described below, it is clear that described implementation
Example is only a part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, this field is common
Technical staff's every other embodiment obtained without making creative work belongs to the model that the present invention protects
It encloses.
Embodiment 1
It is that ' Red Robin ' downgrades tomato for examination tomato variety；
It is tested in October, 2017~2019 year January in Shandong Agricultural University's Science And Technology Innovation Park gardening experiment centre heliogreenhouse
Interior progress, is trained, test matrix is turf using potting media: vermiculite: perlite=2:1:1, physicochemical property: pH 7.16, EC
Value is 1.19mScm-1, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content 433.69mgkg-1, available phosphorus contents 134.53mgkg-1, quick-acting potassium content
1154.25mg·kg-1；
Sustained release bag specification is 90mm × 70mm, and there are 4 column micropores in every face, and the 2nd is listed in the 3rd column pitch 2cm, first row and second
Column, third column and the 4th equal spacing 1cm of column, each column are equipped with 7 micropores, spacing 0.7cm, micro-pore diameter 0.5mm between two micropores, often
Packed N1180.7mg, P2O51134.0mg、K2O 972.3mg, the source of manure are provided by urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium sulfate；Flowerpot is
The plastic flowerpot of upper bore 190mm × lower relative aperture 160mm × high 220mm will make ready-made sustained release bag embedment away from matrix surface layer
At 20cm, 1 bag of every basin；
Based on above-mentioned planting conditions, field planting is set and is not colonized tomato 2 processing, 50 basins of every processing, normal management, periodically
Sustained release bag is taken out, is sampled when handling 0d, 7d, 14d, 28d, 45d, 60d, 75d and 90d, 5 bags of every sub-sampling (5 weights
It is multiple), drying weighing measures nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in bag control slow-release fertilizer respectively, and each processing keeps irrigation amount consistent, according to reality
Situation, every 3~6d watering is primary, each every basin 300ml.
Fig. 3 is bag control slow-release fertilizer release characteristics figure.
It is gradually increased as shown in figure 3, extending bag control slow-release fertilizer N P and K release rate with release time.Field planting and it is indefinite
It plants under two kinds of tomato processing, the release rate of nitrogen is very fast with 0~45d release, and when 45d discharges 89.5% and 73.4% respectively, fixed
It plants under tomato processing, field planting tomato handles lower nitrogen release completely when less field planting processing is higher by 21.9%, 75d, it is not colonized processing,
It is discharged when 90d complete；The rate of release of phosphorus is more synchronous, and when 45d releases 74.6% and 67.6% respectively, when 90d, releases respectively
94.3% and 85.4% are put；Potassium is very fast in 0~28d release, releases 52.6%, 36.5% respectively, then discharges more flat
Surely, when 90d, 91.4% and 64.2% are released respectively, and field planting processing less field planting processing is high by 42.4%.Thus, it is possible to obtain,
The release rate for the bag control slow-release fertilizer that field planting processing is less colonized processing is higher, and effect is preferable.
Embodiment 2
Show that the technical solution of field planting tomato processing is more excellent using planting conditions same as Example 1, and in embodiment 1
On the basis of selection field planting tomato processing, while be arranged with do not apply fertilizer and (be recorded as CK1) and application the rugged universal nutrient solution in mountain (record
For the control group of CK2)；Set 5 fertilizer gradients: separately again to contain N1180.7mg, P in every bag of bag control slow-release fertilizer2O51134.0 mg、
K2O 972.3mg is 100% (being recorded as BCRF4) processing, applies 40% (being recorded as BCRF1), 60% respectively on this basis
(being recorded as BCRF2), 80% (being recorded as BCRF3) and 120% (being recorded as BCRF5), specific dosage such as table 1:
1 bag of control slow-release fertilizer dosage processing of table
The upgrowth situation of tomato in each processing is analyzed, as a result as follows:
One) influence of the bag control slow-release fertilizer dosage to Development of Tomato and yield and quality
1) influence to plant height and stem thickness is as shown in Figure 4:
As shown in Figure 4, extend with breeding time, tomato plant height and stem thickness are in gradually increase trend.0~45d plant after field planting
Rapidly, plant height presents a rapidly rising trend for growth, and average daily variation is 0.25~0.27mmd-1；Growth speed is handled with BCRF2
Degree is most fast, and plant height is higher, and BCRF1 takes second place, and CK1 is most slow, and after 60d, plant height tends to be steady, at the end of breeding time, each processing and CK2
Difference in plant height is not significant, is all remarkably higher than CK1 processing.0~30d tomato stem thickness presents a rapidly rising trend after field planting, and average day becomes
Change amount is 0.061~0.13mmd-1, most fast with BCRF2 processing growth rate.60~90d after field planting, stem thickness increase slowly,
It is thicker with BCRF4 processing stem thickness at the end of breeding time, it is higher by 28.6% and 13.9% respectively compared with CK1 and CK2 processing respectively.
2) as shown in table 2 below to the influence of Contents of Photosynthetic Pigments:
Influence of 2 bags of the table control slow-release fertilizer dosages to tomato leaf Contents of Photosynthetic Pigments
As shown in Table 2, increase with bag control slow-release fertilizer dosage, tomato leaf Determination of Chlorophyll a, chlorophyll (a+b) and class Hu trailing plants
Foretell cellulose content in decreasing trend after first increasing, in addition to BCRF5 and CK1 and CK2 Chlorophyll-a Content are without significant difference, other processing
It is above CK1 and CK2, lower highest is handled with BCRF2, is higher by 36.0% and 16.5% respectively than CK1 and CK2 processing；Each processing
With CK2 content of chlorophyll b without significant difference, it is all remarkably higher than CK1 processing；Chlorophyll (a+b) content is higher with BCRF2 processing,
It is significantly higher than CK1, CK2 and BCRF5；Chlorophyll a/b is higher with BCRF2 processing, is significantly higher than BCRF5, with CK1, CK2 and other
Processing is without significant difference；Carotenoid content is significantly higher than CK1 and BCRF5 processing, with CK2 and its elsewhere with BCRF2 higher
Reason is without significant difference.
3) as shown in Figure 5 to the influence of Net Photosynthetic Rate
As shown in Figure 5, tomato Net Photosynthetic Rate increases with bag control slow-release fertilizer dosage in decreasing trend after first increasing, BCRF2
Maximum value is assigned in processing, is significantly higher than other processing, is higher by 56.08% and 11.67% respectively compared with CK1 and CK2 processing.BCRF1,
The lower Net Photosynthetic Rate of BCRF3, BCRF4, BCRF5 processing and CK2 are all remarkably higher than CK1 without significant difference.
4) as shown in table 3 below to the influence of fluorescence parameter:
Influence of 3 bags of the table control slow-release fertilizer dosages to fluorescence parameter in tomato leaf
5) influence to root system configuration and root activity is as shown in Figure 6
It will be appreciated from fig. 6 that it is in first to increase that root length, surface area, volume and root activity, which increase with bag control slow-release fertilizer dosage,
Add rear decreasing trend, handled down with BCRF2 it is higher, compared with CK2 processing be higher by 23.2%, 18.0%, 16.5% and respectively
14.3%, root length and BCRF1 and BCRF3 are without significant difference, root system surface area, root system volume and root activity and BCRF3
Without significant difference, it is all remarkably higher than other processing；Root length and root system volume handled with BCRF5 it is minimum, substantially less than CK1 and
CK2, root system volume and CK1 are without significant difference, substantially less than CK2.
6) as shown in table 4 below to the influence of fruit quality:
Influence of 4 bags of the table control slow-release fertilizer dosages to Tomato Quality
As shown in table 4, increase with bag control slow-release fertilizer dosage, tamato fruit soluble sugar, organic acid, soluble protein, Vc
It is in downward trend after first increasing, BCRF3 processing lower soluble sugar, soluble protein, Vc and tomato red with lycopene content
Cellulose content is higher, is all remarkably higher than CK1 and CK2 processing, but soluble sugar and Vc content and BCRF4 are without significant difference；Organic acid
Content handles highest with BCRF4, and BCRF3 and BCRF5 take second place, and with CK2 processing without significant difference, is all remarkably higher than CK1.
7) as shown in Figure 7 to the influence of yield
As shown in Figure 7, increase with bag control slow-release fertilizer dosage, tomato single plant yield has increase trend, but is more than certain dosage
Afterwards, yield declines instead.Lower yield highest is handled with BCRF2, is higher than CK2 processing 18.5%, BCRF1 and BCRF3 and takes second place, with
For CK2 without significant difference, it is lower to be all remarkably higher than CK1, BCRF4 and BCRF5, reduces by 13.4% and 16.8% compared with CK2 processing, with
CK1 is without significant difference.
8) as shown in Figure 8 to the influence of dry-matter accumulation
As shown in Figure 8, extend plant root, stem and leaf dry-matter accumulation amount with growth period to gradually increase.It is dry to be colonized root system in 60d
Rapidly, the lower average daily average increase of dry matter of BCRF2 processing is larger for substance accumulation, is higher by 13.8%, BCRF5 than CK2 and daily increases
Dosage is smaller, increases after 60d and slows down；0~15d, stem substance accumulation increase slowly, and 15~75d accumulation is rapid, at BCRF2
It is larger to manage the lower average daily average increase of dry matter, it is smaller to be higher by the average daily incrementss of 17.2%, BCRF5 than CK2, increases after 75d and subtracts
It is slow；0~45d after field planting, leaf dry-matter accumulation amount increase rapidly, and the lower average daily average increase of dry matter of BCRF2 processing is larger, than
It is smaller that CK2 is higher by the average daily incrementss of 12.8%, BCRF5, and 45~75d increase slows down, and 75~90d leaf amount of dry matter decreases.
9) as shown in table 5 below to the influence of fertilizer utilization
Influence of 5 bags of the table control slow-release fertilizer dosages to fertilizer utilization characteristic
As shown in table 5, increase with bag control slow-release fertilizer dosage, tomato is in first to increase to reduce afterwards to nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium accumulation
Gesture, under BCRF2 processing, nitrogen accumulation is more, with BCRF3 without significant difference, improves under 10.1%, BCRF3 processing compared with CK2, phosphorus,
Potassium accumulation is higher, with BCRF2 and CK2 without significant difference；N P and K utilization rate gradually decreases, under BCRF1 processing, N P and K benefit
Higher with rate, BCRF2 takes second place.Under CK2 processing, nitrogen, phosphorus utilization are higher than BCRF4, are lower than BCRF3, and potassium utilization rate is higher than
BCRF5 is lower than BCRF4.
Each embodiment in this specification is described in a progressive manner, the highlights of each of the examples are with other
The difference of embodiment, the same or similar parts in each embodiment may refer to each other.
The foregoing description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention.
Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, as defined herein
General Principle can be realized in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention.Therefore, of the invention
It is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, and is to fit to and the principles and novel features disclosed herein phase one
The widest scope of cause.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of implantation methods of potted tomato, which is characterized in that the planting pot tomato by the way of sustained release bag fertilising, specifically
The following steps are included:
1) matrix and fertilizer are prepared；
2) configured fertilizer is fitted into sustained release bag, and edge sealing, as bag control slow-release fertilizer；
3) it is first put into first part's matrix in flowerpot, then bag control slow-release fertilizer is placed in first part's matrix, then by second
Branch's matrix is covered on bag control slow-release fertilizer；
4) tomato seedling is colonized in flowerpot, breeding time only pours clear water, remaining presses normal management.
2. a kind of implantation methods of potted tomato according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the sustained release bag is answered by paper
Condensation material is made, and the sustained release bag includes: three edge sealing, paper plastic bag face and micropore parts.
3. a kind of implantation methods of potted tomato according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the sustained release bag is wide by 80~
100mm, long 70~120mm, every face of the sustained release bag are equipped with 4~5 column, 7~14 micropores of each column, and the micro-pore diameter is
0.4~0.6mm, every plant of tomato use 1 bag of bag control slow-release fertilizer.
4. a kind of implantation methods of potted tomato according to claim 1, which is characterized in that bag control needed for every plant of tomato
Contain 708.4~944.6mg of N, P in slow-release fertilizer2O5680.4~907.2mg, K2O583.4~777.8mg.
5. a kind of implantation methods of potted tomato according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the bag control slow-release fertilizer distance
Second 190~210mm of substrate upper surface.
6. a kind of implantation methods of potted tomato according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the matrix is turf: leech
Stone: perlite=2:1:1.
7. a kind of implantation methods of potted tomato according to claim 1, which is characterized in that tomato breeding time every 3~
6d watering is primary, irrigates.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111492962A (en) * | 2020-04-16 | 2020-08-07 | 农业农村部规划设计研究院 | Strawberry culture medium and application thereof |
| CN111492962B (en) * | 2020-04-16 | 2022-04-15 | 农业农村部规划设计研究院 | Strawberry culture medium and application thereof |
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