CN109601283B - Method for improving watermelon seedling quality and efficiency - Google Patents
Method for improving watermelon seedling quality and efficiency Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/23—Wood, e.g. wood chips or sawdust
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving the quality and efficiency of watermelon seedling, which comprises the steps of seed treatment, preparation of seedling substrate, seeding and seedling, transplanting and the like. The seed soaking liquid can improve the disease resistance of watermelon, promote metabolism and the accumulation of physiologically active substances in seeds, increase the activity of the seed enzyme, promote the germination of the seeds and simultaneously improve the germination rate and the germination quality of the watermelon seeds. The seedling substrate disclosed by the invention is reasonable in raw material matching, capable of improving the substrate environment, improving the substrate permeability, adjusting the acid-base balance of the substrate, providing rich nutrition and trace elements for the growth of seedlings and suitable for the growth of watermelon seedlings. Experiments prove that the seedling raising method is suitable for raising watermelon seedlings, can obviously improve the germination rate of the watermelon, shorten the germination time, improve the survival rate of the seedlings, obviously improve performance indexes such as plant height, stem thickness, leaf number and the like, and has good social and economic benefits.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for improving the watermelon seedling quality and efficiency, and belongs to the field of agricultural planting.
Background
The watermelon is a very favorite fruit of consumers, the consumption of the watermelon accounts for a very high proportion of all fruits in summer, and even the watermelon is sold in the market in winter. The watermelon and fruit have sweet meat flavor, can cool and remove summer heat, contain oil in seeds, and can be used as a recreation food; the pericarp is used as medicine, and has the effects of clearing heat, promoting urination and reducing blood pressure. Therefore, the watermelon planting area is enlarged in partial areas of China. At present, watermelon seeds are mainly adopted for planting in China to cultivate seedlings and then are transplanted in a field, but the conventional seedling growing methods mostly adopt the traditional soil method for growing seedlings, so that the operation is complex, scientific guidance for the seedling growing process is lacked, the emergence rate of the watermelon seeds is low, the emergence is irregular, the seedling weakness phenomenon occurs, the disease resistance of the transplanted watermelon seedlings is poor, the survival rate is low, and the quality and the yield of the watermelon are seriously influenced. In the watermelon seedling raising process, if scientific management can be carried out on the seedling raising process, the treatment effect of each seedling raising stage is improved, and the quality and the efficiency of seedling raising can be effectively improved. The traditional seedling raising method generally adopts common clear water to soak watermelon seeds, the germination efficiency and quality of the watermelon seeds are difficult to ensure, and the seedling raising substrate is generally made of straw, organic fertilizer, vermiculite, perlite and other raw materials, although the substrate can meet certain seedling raising requirements, the problems of hardening, poor permeability, nutrient imbalance and poor compatibility with transplanted soil easily occur, and the seedling raising quality and the growth and development of the watermelon are seriously influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a novel watermelon seedling method, which can improve the seedling quality and efficiency, thereby improving the quality and yield of watermelons.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a method for improving the watermelon seedling quality and efficiency comprises the following steps:
(1) treating seeds: selecting full watermelon seeds, putting the watermelon seeds into a container, adding hot water with the weight 3-5 times of that of the watermelon seeds and the temperature of 80-90 ℃, stirring for 5-10s, pouring out the hot water, then adding seed soaking liquid into the watermelon seeds, immersing the watermelon seeds in the seed soaking liquid for seed soaking treatment, wherein the temperature of the seed soaking treatment is 30-40 ℃, the time is 40-60min, and then fishing out the watermelon seeds, wiping or airing;
(2) preparing a seedling culture substrate: weighing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-50 parts of planting soil, 10-15 parts of chicken manure, 10-20 parts of bagasse, 10-15 parts of sawdust, 10-20 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 10-20 parts of furnace slag, 3-6 parts of protocatechuic acid, 1-2 parts of quercetin, 2-3 parts of kaempferol, 2-4 parts of hexadecanol and 2-5 parts of methionine, mixing, crushing until the particle size of the raw material is less than or equal to 5mm, adding 10-20 parts of traditional Chinese medicine extract, stirring uniformly, adding water, and stirring until the moisture content is 50-60% to obtain a seedling culture substrate;
(3) sowing and seedling raising: cutting a seedling culture substrate into substrate blocks, digging a planting groove in the center of each substrate block, putting 2-3 watermelon seeds obtained in the step (1) into the planting grooves, covering a layer of plant ash in the planting grooves and on the surface of the substrate blocks, covering a layer of plastic film on the plant ash of the substrate blocks, performing seedling culture, and removing the film when watermelon seedlings arch soil;
(4) transplanting: the watermelon seedlings grow to more than 10cm and can be transplanted to a field for planting.
The seed soaking liquid comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of turnip seed extract, 15-25 parts of loofah sponge extract, 5-10 parts of lateral bur leaf extract, 2-5 parts of amino acid chelated calcium, 3-7 parts of citric acid and 3-6 parts of succinic acid.
The preparation method of the turnip seed extracting solution comprises the following steps: adding 5-10 times of water into turnip seed, decocting for 2-3 times (each time for 1-2 hr), and mixing decoctions.
The preparation method of the loofah sponge extract comprises the following steps: adding water 5-10 times the weight of retinervus Luffae fructus into retinervus Luffae fructus, decocting for 2-3 times, each time for 1-2 hr, and mixing decoctions.
The preparation method of the lateral bur leaf extracting solution comprises the following steps: adding water 5-10 times the weight of folium Potentillae Discoloris into folium Potentillae Discoloris, decocting for 2-3 times (each time for 1-2 hr), and mixing decoctions.
The preparation method of the traditional Chinese medicine extracting solution comprises the following steps: weighing 3-6 parts of herba patriniae, 5-8 parts of gynostemma pentaphyllum, 2-5 parts of pyrrosia leaf and 5-10 parts of pyracantha fortuneana by weight, mixing and crushing into coarse powder, adding water with the weight of 4-7 times of the coarse powder, decocting for 2-3 times for 1-2 hours each time, and combining decoction to obtain traditional Chinese medicine extracting solution; the residual dregs are the traditional Chinese medicine dregs.
The size of the matrix block was 5X 5 cm.
The diameter of the planting groove is 1-2cm, and the depth is 1-2 cm.
The thickness of the plant ash covered on the surface of the substrate block is 1-2 mm.
The conditions of seedling culture are as follows: the temperature is 25-30 ℃ and the humidity is 60-80%.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the method, the watermelon seeds with full grains are selected and soaked in high-temperature hot water for a short time, so that the air permeability of the watermelon seed coats can be effectively improved, the seed coats are soft, and the young embryos can be germinated from the seed coats; meanwhile, the improvement of the air permeability of the seed coat can improve the water absorption capacity and the water absorption rate of the watermelon seed, and is beneficial to the immersion of effective components in the subsequent seed soaking liquid into the watermelon seed, thereby being beneficial to improving the germination rate and the germination quality of the watermelon seed and shortening the germination time.
2. The invention takes turnip seed extract, loofah sponge extract and Chinese honey locust leaf extract as main raw materials of seed soaking liquid, the three traditional Chinese medicine extracts cooperate and cooperate, and amino acid chelated calcium, citric acid and succinic acid are used for assisting, thus improving the disease resistance of watermelon, promoting metabolism and accumulation of physiologically active substances in seeds, increasing the activity of the seedenzyme, promoting seed germination, and simultaneously improving the germination rate and the germination quality of watermelon seeds.
3. The seedling substrate disclosed by the invention is reasonable in raw material matching, capable of improving the substrate environment, improving the substrate permeability, adjusting the acid-base balance of the substrate, providing rich nutrition and trace elements for the growth of seedlings and suitable for the growth of watermelon seedlings. The seedling raising matrix takes planting soil as one of the main raw materials, watermelon seedlings can be quickly and well adapted to a field transplanting soil environment, meanwhile, chicken manure, cane sugar, sawdust, traditional Chinese medicine residues and furnace slag are added into the seedling raising matrix in a proper adding proportion, the permeability of the seedling raising matrix can be improved, the matrix and the external environment are improved, the exchange and diffusion capacity of gas in the matrix is improved, the fertilizer and water retention capacity is enhanced, and the watermelon seedling matrix is favorable for germination of watermelon seeds and absorption of external nutrient substances by the seedlings. Protocatechuic acid, quercetin, kaempferol, hexadecanol, methionine and other raw materials are added into the matrix, so that the watermelon seeds can be promoted to bud as soon as possible, the germination rate and the germination quality of the watermelon seeds are improved, the growth of stems and leaves of watermelon seedlings can be promoted, and the watermelon seedlings are stronger. The substrate is added with the functional component traditional Chinese medicine extracting solution, the traditional Chinese medicine extracting solution is extracted by taking herba patriniae, gynostemma pentaphylla, herba pyrrosiae and pyracantha fortuneana as raw materials, the compatibility is scientific, the effect is combined comprehensively, the effective components rich in the traditional Chinese medicine can improve the substrate, promote the growth of seedling roots and stems and leaves, promote the growth of watermelon seedlings, and improve the disease resistance of the seedlings.
4. Experiments prove that the seedling raising method is suitable for raising watermelon seedlings, can obviously improve the germination rate of the watermelon, shorten the germination time, improve the survival rate of the seedlings, obviously improve performance indexes such as plant height, stem thickness, leaf number and the like, and has good social and economic benefits.
Detailed Description
The following examples further illustrate the embodiments of the present invention in detail.
The preparation method of the turnip seed extracting solution comprises the following steps: adding water 6 times the weight of turnip seed into turnip seed, decocting for 3 times, each time for 1.5 hr, and mixing decoctions.
The preparation method of the loofah sponge extract comprises the following steps: adding water 6 times the weight of retinervus Luffae fructus into retinervus Luffae fructus, decocting for 3 times, each time for 1.5 hr, and mixing decoctions.
The preparation method of the lateral bur leaf extracting solution comprises the following steps: adding water 6 times the weight of folium Potentillae Discoloris into folium Potentillae Discoloris, decocting for 3 times, each time for 1.5 hr, and mixing decoctions.
Example 1
A method for improving the watermelon seedling quality and efficiency comprises the following steps:
(1) treating seeds: selecting full watermelon seeds, putting the watermelon seeds into a container, adding 80 ℃ hot water 4 times the weight of the watermelon seeds, stirring for 10s, pouring out the hot water, adding seed soaking liquid into the watermelon seeds to immerse the watermelon seeds in the seed soaking liquid, performing seed soaking treatment at 35 ℃ for 50min, taking out the watermelon seeds, and wiping or airing the watermelon seeds;
(2) preparing a seedling culture substrate: weighing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 parts of planting soil, 12 parts of chicken manure, 15 parts of bagasse, 13 parts of sawdust, 15 parts of Chinese herb residues, 15 parts of furnace slag, 5 parts of protocatechuic acid, 1 part of quercetin, 3 parts of kaempferol, 3 parts of hexadecanol and 4 parts of methionine, mixing, crushing until the particle size of the raw materials is less than or equal to 5mm, adding 15 parts of Chinese herb extract, stirring uniformly, adding water, and stirring until the water content is 55% to obtain a seedling culture substrate;
(3) sowing and seedling raising: cutting a seedling culture substrate into substrate blocks of 5 multiplied by 5cm, digging a planting groove with the diameter of 1cm and the depth of 2cm at the central position of each substrate block, taking 2-3 watermelon seeds obtained in the step (1), putting the watermelon seeds into the planting grooves, covering a layer of plant ash with the thickness of 1mm in the planting grooves and the surface of the substrate blocks, covering a layer of plastic film on the plant ash of the substrate blocks, performing seedling culture under the conditions of 28 ℃ and 70% humidity, and removing the film when watermelon seedlings arch soil;
(4) transplanting: the watermelon seedlings grow to more than 10cm and can be transplanted to a field for planting.
The seed soaking liquid comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 parts of turnip seed extracting solution, 20 parts of loofah sponge extracting solution, 8 parts of lateral bur leaf extracting solution, 4 parts of amino acid chelated calcium, 5 parts of citric acid and 5 parts of succinic acid.
The preparation method of the traditional Chinese medicine extracting solution comprises the following steps: weighing 5 parts of herba patriniae, 6 parts of gynostemma pentaphyllum, 3 parts of folium pyrrosiae and 6 parts of pyracantha fortuneana by weight, mixing and crushing into coarse powder, adding water with the weight 6 times of the coarse powder, decocting for 2 times, decocting for 1 hour each time, and combining decoction to obtain traditional Chinese medicine extracting solution; the residue is the residue of the Chinese medicinal materials.
Example 2
A method for improving the watermelon seedling quality and efficiency comprises the following steps:
(1) treating seeds: selecting full watermelon seeds, putting the watermelon seeds into a container, adding hot water with the weight 3 times that of the watermelon seeds at 80 ℃, stirring for 10s, pouring out the hot water, then adding seed soaking liquid into the watermelon seeds to immerse the watermelon seeds in the seed soaking liquid, carrying out seed soaking treatment at the temperature of 30 ℃ for 60min, then fishing out the watermelon seeds, and wiping or airing the watermelon seeds;
(2) preparing a seedling culture substrate: weighing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of planting soil, 10 parts of chicken manure, 10 parts of bagasse, 10 parts of sawdust, 10 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 10 parts of furnace slag, 3 parts of protocatechuic acid, 2 parts of quercetin, 2 parts of kaempferol, 2 parts of hexadecanol and 2 parts of methionine, mixing, crushing until the particle size of the raw materials is less than or equal to 5mm, adding 10 parts of traditional Chinese medicine extract, stirring uniformly, adding water, and stirring until the water content is 50% to obtain a seedling culture substrate;
(3) sowing and seedling raising: cutting a seedling culture substrate into substrate blocks of 5 multiplied by 5cm, digging a planting groove with the diameter of 2cm and the depth of 1cm at the central position of each substrate block, taking 2-3 watermelon seeds obtained in the step (1), putting the watermelon seeds into the planting grooves, covering a layer of plant ash with the thickness of 2mm in the planting grooves and the surface of the substrate blocks, covering a layer of plastic film on the plant ash of the substrate blocks, performing seedling culture under the conditions of 25 ℃ and 60% humidity, and removing the film when watermelon seedlings arch soil;
(4) transplanting: the watermelon seedlings grow to more than 10cm and can be transplanted to a field for planting.
The seed soaking liquid comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10 parts of turnip seed extracting solution, 15 parts of loofah sponge extracting solution, 5 parts of lateral bur leaf extracting solution, 2 parts of amino acid chelated calcium, 3 parts of citric acid and 3 parts of succinic acid.
The preparation method of the traditional Chinese medicine extracting solution comprises the following steps: weighing 3 parts of herba patriniae, 5 parts of gynostemma pentaphyllum, 2 parts of pyrrosia leaf and 5 parts of pyracantha fortuneana by weight, mixing and crushing into coarse powder, adding water with the weight of 4 times of the coarse powder, decocting for 3 times, decocting for 1 hour each time, and combining decoction to obtain traditional Chinese medicine extracting solution; the residue is the residue of the Chinese medicinal materials.
Example 3
A method for improving the watermelon seedling quality and efficiency comprises the following steps:
(1) treating seeds: selecting full watermelon seeds, putting the watermelon seeds into a container, adding 90 ℃ hot water which is 5 times of the weight of the watermelon seeds, stirring for 5s, pouring out the hot water, then adding seed soaking liquid into the watermelon seeds to immerse the watermelon seeds in the seed soaking liquid, carrying out seed soaking treatment at 40 ℃ for 40min, then fishing out the watermelon seeds, and wiping or airing the watermelon seeds;
(2) preparing a seedling culture substrate: weighing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts of planting soil, 15 parts of chicken manure, 20 parts of bagasse, 15 parts of sawdust, 20 parts of Chinese medicine residues, 20 parts of furnace slag, 6 parts of protocatechuic acid, 2 parts of quercetin, 3 parts of kaempferol, 4 parts of hexadecanol and 5 parts of methionine, mixing, crushing until the particle size of the raw materials is less than or equal to 5mm, adding 20 parts of Chinese medicine extracting solution, stirring uniformly, adding water, and stirring until the water content is 60% to obtain a seedling culture substrate;
(3) sowing and seedling raising: cutting a seedling culture substrate into substrate blocks of 5 multiplied by 5cm, digging a planting groove with the diameter of 1cm and the depth of 2cm at the central position of each substrate block, taking 2-3 watermelon seeds obtained in the step (1), putting the watermelon seeds into the planting grooves, covering a layer of plant ash with the thickness of 1mm in the planting grooves and the surface of the substrate blocks, covering a layer of plastic film on the plant ash of the substrate blocks, performing seedling culture under the conditions of 30 ℃ and 80% of humidity, and removing the film when watermelon seedlings arch soil;
(4) transplanting: the watermelon seedlings grow to more than 10cm and can be transplanted to a field for planting.
The seed soaking liquid comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of turnip seed extracting solution, 25 parts of loofah sponge extracting solution, 10 parts of lateral bur leaf extracting solution, 5 parts of amino acid chelated calcium, 7 parts of citric acid and 6 parts of succinic acid.
The preparation method of the traditional Chinese medicine extracting solution comprises the following steps: weighing 6 parts of herba patriniae, 8 parts of gynostemma pentaphyllum, 5 parts of pyrrosia leaf and 10 parts of pyracantha fortuneana fruit according to the weight, mixing and crushing into coarse powder, adding water with the weight being 7 times of the coarse powder, decocting for 2 times, decocting for 2 hours each time, and combining decoction to obtain traditional Chinese medicine extracting solution; the residue is the residue of the Chinese medicinal materials.
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 is a general watermelon seedling raising method, comprising the steps of:
(1) treating seeds: selecting full watermelon seeds, putting the watermelon seeds into a container, adding hot water with the weight 5 times of that of the watermelon seeds at 80 ℃, stirring for 10s, then adding cold water until the water temperature is 50 ℃, stirring and cooling until the water temperature is 30 ℃, soaking for 5h, accelerating germination at 30 ℃, and sowing when two thirds of the seeds are broken and white;
(2) preparing a seedling culture substrate: taking local planting soil, adding a proper amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, adding water until the water content is 60%, and uniformly stirring to obtain a seedling culture substrate;
(3) sowing and seedling raising: placing seedling culture substrates into seedling culture trays, digging a planting groove with the diameter of 1cm and the depth of 1cm at the center of each plug tray, placing 2-3 watermelon seeds obtained in the step (1) into the planting grooves, covering a layer of soil in the planting grooves and on the surfaces of the plug trays, covering a layer of plastic film on plug plant ash, performing seedling culture under the conditions of the temperature of 30 ℃ and the humidity of 60%, and removing the film when watermelon seedlings arch soil;
(4) transplanting: the watermelon seedlings grow to more than 10cm and can be transplanted to a field for planting.
Comparative example 2
Comparative example 2 is substantially the same as example 1 except for the composition (parts by weight) of the seed-soaking liquid: 4 parts of sodium alginate, 2 parts of wood vinegar, 3 parts of palmitic acid, 1 part of alanine, 2 parts of succinic acid, 3 parts of carbendazim and 50 parts of water.
Comparative example 3
Comparative example 3 is substantially the same as example 1 except for the composition (parts by weight) of the seedling substrate: 20 parts of perlite, 3 parts of wheat straw, 2 parts of corn straw, 17 parts of organic fertilizer, 3 parts of borax, 0.2 part of rooting powder, 5 parts of plant ash, 10 parts of humus, 4 parts of sesame and 10 parts of traditional Chinese medicine extracting solution.
The preparation method of the traditional Chinese medicine extracting solution comprises the following steps: weighing 3 parts of water hyacinth, 2 parts of angelica, 3 parts of codonopsis pilosula, 3 parts of red paeony root and 5 parts of cassia bark by weight, mixing and crushing into coarse powder, adding water with the weight 7 times of that of the coarse powder, decocting for 2 times and 2 hours each time, and combining decoction.
Experimental example 1 analysis of germination and survival of watermelon seeds
Randomly selecting a batch of watermelon seeds with plump grains, dividing the watermelon seeds into 6 groups, respectively adopting the methods of examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-3 to carry out seedling culture, and counting the germination rate, the germination time and the survival rate of the watermelon seedlings after germination of each group of watermelon seeds, wherein the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 germination percentage, germination time and survival rate of watermelon seedlings after germination of each group of watermelon seeds
As can be seen from Table 1, the germination rate, germination time and survival rate of watermelon seedlings of the method for raising watermelon seedlings of the invention are much higher than those of the comparative example, which shows that the method of the invention can improve the watermelon seedling raising quality and seedling raising efficiency, wherein the method of the embodiment 1 has the best effect.
Example 2 morphological analysis of watermelon seedlings
Randomly selecting a batch of watermelon seeds with plump grains, dividing the watermelon seeds into 6 groups, respectively adopting the methods of examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-3 to carry out seedling culture, and counting the plant height, stem thickness and leaf number of seedlings under the same time, wherein the results are shown in a table 2.
TABLE 2 analysis of seedling morphology of groups of seedlings
As can be seen from Table 2, the plant height, stem thickness and leaf number of the seedling raising method of the present invention are much higher than those of the control example, which shows that the method of the present invention can promote the vigorous growth of watermelon seedlings, and the method of example 1 has the best effect.
Claims (8)
1. A method for improving the watermelon seedling quality and efficiency is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) treating seeds: selecting full watermelon seeds, putting the watermelon seeds into a container, adding hot water with the weight 3-5 times of that of the watermelon seeds and the temperature of 80-90 ℃, stirring for 5-10s, pouring out the hot water, then adding seed soaking liquid into the watermelon seeds, immersing the watermelon seeds in the seed soaking liquid for seed soaking treatment, wherein the temperature of the seed soaking treatment is 30-40 ℃, the time is 40-60min, and then fishing out the watermelon seeds, wiping or airing;
the seed soaking liquid comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of turnip seed extract, 15-25 parts of loofah sponge extract, 5-10 parts of lateral bur leaf extract, 2-5 parts of amino acid chelated calcium, 3-7 parts of citric acid and 3-6 parts of succinic acid;
(2) preparing a seedling culture substrate: weighing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-50 parts of planting soil, 10-15 parts of chicken manure, 10-20 parts of bagasse, 10-15 parts of sawdust, 10-20 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 10-20 parts of furnace slag, 3-6 parts of protocatechuic acid, 1-2 parts of quercetin, 2-3 parts of kaempferol, 2-4 parts of hexadecanol and 2-5 parts of methionine, mixing, crushing until the particle size of the raw material is less than or equal to 5mm, adding 10-20 parts of traditional Chinese medicine extract, stirring uniformly, adding water, and stirring until the moisture content is 50-60% to obtain a seedling culture substrate;
the preparation method of the traditional Chinese medicine extracting solution comprises the following steps: weighing 3-6 parts of herba patriniae, 5-8 parts of gynostemma pentaphyllum, 2-5 parts of pyrrosia leaf and 5-10 parts of pyracantha fortuneana by weight, mixing and crushing into coarse powder, adding water with the weight of 4-7 times of the coarse powder, decocting for 2-3 times for 1-2 hours each time, and combining decoction to obtain traditional Chinese medicine extracting solution; the residual dregs are the Chinese medicine dregs;
(3) sowing and seedling raising: cutting a seedling culture substrate into substrate blocks, digging a planting groove in the center of each substrate block, putting 2-3 watermelon seeds obtained in the step (1) into the planting grooves, covering a layer of plant ash in the planting grooves and on the surface of the substrate blocks, covering a layer of plastic film on the plant ash of the substrate blocks, performing seedling culture, and removing the film when watermelon seedlings arch soil;
(4) transplanting: the watermelon seedlings grow to more than 10cm and can be transplanted to a field for planting.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the turnip seed extract is prepared by the following steps: adding 5-10 times of water into turnip seed, decocting for 2-3 times (each time for 1-2 hr), and mixing decoctions.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the loofah sponge extract is prepared by: adding water 5-10 times the weight of retinervus Luffae fructus into retinervus Luffae fructus, decocting for 2-3 times, each time for 1-2 hr, and mixing decoctions.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the extract of lateral bur leaves is prepared by: adding water 5-10 times the weight of folium Potentillae Discoloris into folium Potentillae Discoloris, decocting for 2-3 times (each time for 1-2 hr), and mixing decoctions.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the substrate block has dimensions of 5 x 5 cm.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the planting pots are 1-2cm in diameter and 1-2cm in depth.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the surface of the substrate block is covered with plant ash having a thickness of 1-2 mm.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the conditions of said nursery culture are: the temperature is 25-30 ℃ and the humidity is 60-80%.
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| CN109983994A (en) * | 2019-05-14 | 2019-07-09 | 宁夏农林科学院 | A kind of watermelon transplantation of seedlings substrate block and its cultural method |
| CN110583461A (en) * | 2019-10-24 | 2019-12-20 | 海南现代设施农业研究院有限公司 | Soilless culture method of watermelons |
| CN111642339A (en) * | 2020-07-03 | 2020-09-11 | 三亚双盛实业有限公司 | Hami melon seedling culture method |
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| CN106718754B (en) * | 2016-12-22 | 2020-05-12 | 中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 | Classification recycling method for waste soilless culture medium |
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