CN103404428A - Cross-breeding method of Fuhong large cherry - Google Patents
Cross-breeding method of Fuhong large cherry Download PDFInfo
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- CN103404428A CN103404428A CN2013103121484A CN201310312148A CN103404428A CN 103404428 A CN103404428 A CN 103404428A CN 2013103121484 A CN2013103121484 A CN 2013103121484A CN 201310312148 A CN201310312148 A CN 201310312148A CN 103404428 A CN103404428 A CN 103404428A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a cross-breeding method of Fuhong large cherry. The cross-breeding method comprises following steps: male parent Zaohong cherry and female parent Hongdeng cherry are cultivated in Shandong; in spring, artificial greenhouses are used so as to protect the male parent and the female parent from influences of cold spell in later spring, and to help to maintain relatively excellent blooming and fruit setting performances of the male parent and the female parent; since the flowering season of the male parent is 3 to 4 days earlier than that of the female parent, the flowering season of the male parent is shifted to an earlier date by photoinduction so that the flowering seasons of the male parent and the female parent are identical; pollination of the female parent is performed by artificial pollination method so as to realize the cross-breeding of the two species, or the pollen of the male parent is collected, and the stigma of the female parent at flowering season is fertilized with the pollen so as to realize the cross-breeding of the two species; and then the Fuhong large cherry breed is obtained. The Fuhong large cherry breed can be cultivated in South Jiangsu, is capable of booming and bearing fruits, and is adapted to the environment of local areas.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the red large cherry hybridization of good fortune breeding method, this method adopts Italy's red cherry morning and red light cherry crossing to cultivate the red large cherry kind of good fortune, belongs to the crossbreeding field.
Background technology
Cherry is that a kind of profile is gratifying, the fruit that nutrient component is abundant, also can be used as medicine, cherry is the general designation of the plant of some Prunus, comprise the cherry subgenus, the sour cherry subgenus, laural cherry subgenus etc., cherry of a great variety, the cherry kind of China's cultivation has cherry, Nanking cherry, sweet cherry, sour cherry and sweet cherry hybrid, the kind of cherry has red light, early red, the pioneer, large purple Rabin Si, early beautiful, the dragon hat, large fruit etc. early, the cherry of each kind all has strict requirement to growing environment, can only in specific amblent air temperature, grow, at present, also there is no good mouthfeel, and suitable cherry variety in the southern area of Jiangsu Province cultivation, the southern area of Jiangsu Province temperature in winter is short in the time below 4 ℃
,at present, can only rely on from other places introduction or external import cherry fruit and meet the local market demand, cost of transportation is high, causes cherry higher in local price, can not meet the crowd of ordinary consumption level.
The red light cherry is a kind of precocious type kind, the Dalian agri-scientific research study carefully the institute in 1963 by Na Weng and topaz cross breeding, principal character is that the high one-tenth of the strong germination rate of tree vigo(u)r principal stresses is strong, treelet phase tree vigo(u)r is upright, cries then clump, and branch is difficult for shape, bud is the interim length of fruit just, fruit is more, and the full bearing period, tree crown was half-open, take the strong fruit branch result of fruit spur and bouquet as main.It is partially late that treelet starts result, gave birth to the beginning result in general 4 years, and at 8 ~ 10 days florescences, many from spending in 6 ~ 12 pollen of every inflorescence, ripening rate is low, need join pollinizers.Maturing stage, late May, red light high yield matter shape, had slight dehiscent fruit phenomenon, dehiscent fruit rate 10% left and right but before fruit, meet the rain fruit to the early June maturation at Area in Yantai Region.
Italy is early red, and Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences introduced from Italy in 1989, after 1992 in the development of Shandong Area in Yantai Region, existing large result.Have the early characteristics of real, precocious, high and stable yield, 3 annual bearings, 5 years high yields, be that in sweet cherry, color is attractive in appearance, local flavor is fragrant and sweet, the precocious improved seeds of promotional value quite arranged.This varietal adaptation is strong, cold-resistant, drought resisting, and cultivating and growing is solid good on more barren gravel matter and sandy loam.Self-flowering fruiting, self-pollination flower fruit-setting rate can reach 40% left and right, and the cross pollination fruit-setting rate is better.Because prematurity is strong, it is the first-selected kind of current protection ground cultivation.In Changli, Hebei late May maturation, 35～40 days breeding times of fruit.
Crossbreeding is a kind of method that biology commonly used is cultivated new varieties, and crossbreeding refers to hybridize between different population, different genotype individuality, and in its hybrid generation, is bred as the method for the kind of isozygotying by selection.Hybridization can make parents' recombination of genes, forms various type, for selecting to provide abundant material; The excellent genes that genetic recombination can be controlled parents various trait is incorporated into one, or the different minor genes of controlling same proterties in parents are accumulated, and is created in the type that surpasses the parent on this proterties respectively.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problem of above-mentioned existence, the invention discloses the red large cherry hybridization of a kind of good fortune breeding method, this hybridization is cultivated and is selected the morning in cherry variety red in male parent, red light is hybridized as female parent, cultivation obtains hybridizing the first filial generation seed, just be the red kind of good fortune, to hybridize the first filial generation planting seed, cultivation becomes plant, cultivates, picks out growth healthy and strong at field cultivation, red kind cherry 3 annual bearings of good fortune, 5 years high yields, the growing environment that can adapt to a southern Jiangsu generation, meet the demand when ground-cheery market, reduces the market price of cherry.
The red large cherry hybridization of good fortune breeding method, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) cultivating the red cherry and red light cherry morning of robust growth, pick out in the 4th annual bearing very large, lovely luster, the uniform plant of fruit size, be respectively 10 ~ 20;
(2) in the 5th year, by the plant that step (1) is selected, early red cherry is as male parent, the red light cherry is as female parent, at bud stage, to maternal emasculation, bagging after emasculation, and do maternal mark, duration of flowering, invest male parent first day to the pollen dipping of four days of blooming on maternal column cap, and morning and afternoon pollinate respectively once, continuous pollination two days are spent in every strain, the maternal bagging that continues after pollination;
(3) after the florescence, take the bagging on female parent, keep maternal mark;
(4) until hybridize the fruit maturation obtained June then, take out pulp, obtain hybridizing the first filial generation seed, will hybridize the first filial generation seed and dry, drying is stowed to next year;
(5) hybridization first filial generation planting seed step (4) obtained to the sterilization after rice bran peat in, more than seed buried depth 1.5cm, it is moist that rice bran peat keeps, the surface whiting is watered, when tree seedling grows to 2.5-3cm when high, seedling replanting is cultivated in transplanting medium is the plastic basin of 18cm * 18cm humous, is obtained the red large cherry plant of First Year good fortune;
(6) the red large cherry plant of good fortune step (5) obtained is transplanted to field at Second Year spring, and the column pitch of the red large cherry plant of good fortune is 3m, and line space is 4m, adjacent 2 row trench diggings, furrow width 1m, dark 0.8m.
In step (1) morning red cherry and the red light cherry in the cultivating process of 4 years, spring to morning red cherry and red light cherry carry out the green house cultivation, control in greenhouse daytime manner at 15 ~ 22 ℃, night, temperature was at 9 ~ 15 ℃, in greenhouse, mean temperature of air is 12.5 ~ 17 ℃, sooner or later the temperature difference is 5 ~ 10 ℃, early red cherry and red light cherry are cultivated Shandong District, the local environment weather reaches: average temperature of the whole year is more than 12 ℃, in 1 year daily mean temperature more than 10 ℃ time requirement have 150～200 days, 600～700 millimeters of annual rainfalls, the pH value of soil is 5.6～7.0.
In described step (1) morning red cherry and the red light cherry in the cultivating process of 4 years, at Second Year late spring major branch that prunes away, retain other branch, the 3rd year late spring, the new shoot sprouted that prunes away then, observed early flowers and the fruit of red cherry and red light cherry on the 4th year, and it is approaching to mark the florescence, the limb growth is vigorous, and flowers are many, the plant that fruit is large.
Described step will be adjusted the florescence to female parent in (2) before the florescence, adopt the mixed light of royal purple light and ruddiness, and 5:15-7:15 irradiates maternal bud between the lights, until bud is bloomed after becoming to grow up to bud, stop mixed light and irradiate, shift to an earlier date 3-4 days maternal florescences, maternal consistent with the florescence of male parent.
The flux ratio of described royal purple light and ruddiness is 1:1, and adopting the royal purple light wavelength is 650 ~ 690nm, and the wavelength of ruddiness is 640 ~ 660nm.
In described step (2), pollination time is between 8 o'clock to 10 o'clock every morning, or between 5 o'clock to 6 o'clock afternoon.
The seed of the hybridization first filial generation of described step (5) is chosen in the sowing in spring, cultivates the area in southern area of Jiangsu Province.
After male parent is bloomed in described step (2), collect the pollen of male parent, and naturally dry processing, treat that female parent blooms, utilize writing brush to dip pollen and be coated on maternal column cap.
The present invention, at Shandong District, cultivate male parent and female parent, the weather of Shandong District is suitable for the early growth of red and red light, still, spring climate variability, cold in the late spring can have a great impact with fruit-setting rate red light early red, even can cause early can not bearing fruit of red and red light, thus in the process of cultivating maternal and male parent, adopted spring male parent and maternal outside prop green house, control male parent and maternal growth, can not affect female parent, maternal normally blooming and bear fruit.Male parent is maternal at the florescence ratio, adopt photoinduction, allow male parent shift to an earlier date the florescence, consistent with the maternal florescence, adopt the mode of artificial pollination to maternal pollination, realize the hybridization of two kinds, perhaps collect the pollen of male parent, when the maternal florescence, the pollen of male parent is invested to maternal column cap, realize the hybridization of two kinds.Key of the present invention is, cultivate and select male parent early stage, maternal, forbid male parent and the maternal impact that is subject to cold in the late spring, under normal identical environment, the florescence of male parent was than maternal Zao 3-4 days, can take photoinduced form, allow maternal advance flowering period, consistent with male parent, being convenient to pollen period synchronizeed with maternal flowering stage, perhaps collect the pollen of male parent, until after female parent is bloomed, invest on maternal column cap, realize hybridization early red and red light, it is red that hybridization obtains hybridizing the first filial generation good fortune, form with seed exists, by after planting seed, obtain the red plant of good fortune, the red plant set of good fortune the characteristics of red and red light early, the amblent air temperature that can adapt to southern area of Jiangsu Province, can be at the southern area of Jiangsu Province popularizing planting, 3 annual bearings, 5 years high yields.
Embodiment
Following embodiment, further illustrate the present invention.
Embodiment 1:
The red large cherry hybridization of this good fortune breeding method comprises the following steps:
(1) cultivating the red cherry and red light cherry morning of robust growth, pick out in the 4th annual bearing very large, lovely luster, the uniform plant of fruit size, be respectively 10 ~ 20;
(2) in the 5th year, by the plant that step (1) is selected, early red cherry is as male parent, the red light cherry is as female parent, at bud stage, to maternal emasculation, bagging after emasculation, and do maternal mark, duration of flowering, invest male parent first day to the pollen dipping of four days of blooming on maternal column cap, and morning and afternoon pollinate respectively once, continuous pollination two days are spent in every strain, the maternal bagging that continues after pollination;
(3) after the florescence, take the bagging on female parent, keep maternal mark;
(4) until hybridize the fruit maturation obtained June then, take out pulp, obtain hybridizing the first filial generation seed, will hybridize the first filial generation seed and dry, drying is stowed to next year;
(5) hybridization first filial generation planting seed step (4) obtained to the sterilization after rice bran peat in, more than seed buried depth 1.5cm, it is moist that rice bran peat keeps, the surface whiting is watered, when tree seedling grows to 2.5-3cm when high, seedling replanting is cultivated in transplanting medium is the plastic basin of 18cm * 18cm humous, is obtained the red large cherry plant of First Year good fortune;
(6) the red large cherry plant of good fortune step (5) obtained is transplanted to field at Second Year spring, and the column pitch of the red large cherry plant of good fortune is 3m, and line space is 4m, adjacent 2 row trench diggings, furrow width 1m, dark 0.8m.
This hybridization breeding method, main core is to guarantee female parent and the male parent selected, before hybridizing, maternal and male parent all can be bloomed well, be beared fruit, and adjusts the florescence consistent, collection is bloomed and is started 5 days with interior pollen, the activity of pollen is stronger, and the success rate of hybridization is high, and the seed that hybridization obtains is the hybridization first filial generation, the seed of hybridization first filial generation is cultivated to strain in southern area of Jiangsu Province, just can the normal growth result.
In described step (1) morning red cherry and the red light cherry in the cultivating process of 4 years, spring to morning red cherry and red light cherry carry out the green house cultivation, control in greenhouse daytime manner at 15 ~ 22 ℃, night, temperature was at 9 ~ 15 ℃, in greenhouse, mean temperature of air is 12.5 ~ 17 ℃, sooner or later the temperature difference is 5 ~ 10 ℃, early red cherry and red light cherry are cultivated a Shandong generation, the local environment weather reaches: average temperature of the whole year is more than 12 ℃, in 1 year daily mean temperature more than 10 ℃ time requirement have 150～200 days, 600～700 millimeters of annual rainfalls, the pH value of soil is 5.6～7.0.Allow male parent and maternal cultivate in its control environment, keep the ability of blooming, bear fruit of maternal and male parent preferably.
In described step (1) morning red cherry and the red light cherry in the cultivating process of 4 years, at Second Year late spring major branch that prunes away, retain other branch, the 3rd year late spring, the new shoot sprouted that prunes away then, observed early flowers and the fruit of red cherry and red light cherry on the 4th year, and it is approaching to mark the florescence, the limb growth is vigorous, and flowers are many, the plant that fruit is large.Avoid maternal and male parent growth major branch, consume a large amount of nutrition, be unfavorable for storing nutrient energy, be used for blooming and bear fruit, simultaneously, the major branch growth is too high, exceed the human normal operation height, manually gather pollen, maternal emasculation and maternal pollination action need staircase, make troubles to operating personnel.
Described step will be adjusted the florescence to female parent in (2) before the florescence, adopt the mixed light of royal purple light and ruddiness, and 5:15-7:15 irradiates maternal bud between the lights, until bud is bloomed after becoming to grow up to bud, stop mixed light and irradiate, shift to an earlier date 3-4 days maternal florescences, maternal consistent with the florescence of male parent.Royal purple light and ruddiness are can stimulate in maternal plant, the spectrum of the aggregate velocity of the molecule of blooming, 5:15-7:15 at dusk, maternal after receiving the solar radiation of a day, synthase activity in body is higher, uses light stimulus, can accelerate to control the aggregate velocity of the molecule of blooming.
The flux ratio of described royal purple light and ruddiness is 1:1, and adopting the royal purple light wavelength is 650 ~ 690nm, and the wavelength of ruddiness is 640 ~ 660nm.Such wavelength, and the mixed proportion of ripple, the mixed light obtained, can stimulate the molecule of blooming to female parent, extends the generated time of controlling the molecule of blooming, reaches to increase and open the quantity of fractionated molecule, thereby allow maternal Blooming.
Pollination time is between 8 o'clock to 10 o'clock every morning in described step (2), or between 5 o'clock to 6 o'clock afternoon, pollen in this time range activity the most by force, the most stable, the activity of maternal column cap and stable the highest, the probability that success is pollinated is the highest.
The seed of the hybridization first filial generation of described step (5) is chosen in the sowing in spring, cultivates the area in southern area of Jiangsu Province.The seed of hybridization first filial generation, be loaded with simultaneously male parent and maternal gene, show the time shorten of the cold stimulation that need to be subject to winter, in spring, can bloom equally, bear fruit, in the climatic environment of southern Jiangsu, can cultivate smoothly, bear fruit, meet the local market demand, reduce the cost of market supply cherry.
Embodiment 2:
Difference from Example 1 is, does not need female parent is carried out to light stimulus, in advance the florescence, the mode adopted is, after in step (2), male parent is bloomed, to collect the pollen of male parent, and naturally dry processing, and treat that female parent blooms, utilize writing brush to dip pollen and be coated on maternal column cap.Do not need to adopt light stimulus, simplified flow process, collect pollen, by the time after maternal column cap maturation, belong on maternal column cap, also can allow the pollen of male parent stimulate maternal column cap growth achievement, in this pollinating process, need to strengthen the pollen amount of pollination, and can repeatedly pollinate, guarantee that male parent can successfully stimulate maternal the growth.
The disclosed technological means of the present invention program is not limited only to the disclosed technological means of above-mentioned technological means, also comprises the technical scheme be comprised of above technical characterictic any combination.
Claims (8)
1. the red large cherry hybridization of good fortune breeding method, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) cultivating the red cherry and red light cherry morning of robust growth, pick out in the 4th annual bearing very large, lovely luster, the uniform plant of fruit size, be respectively 10 ~ 20;
(2) in the 5th year, by the plant that step (1) is selected, early red cherry is as male parent, the red light cherry is as female parent, at bud stage, to maternal emasculation, bagging after emasculation, and do maternal mark, duration of flowering, invest male parent first day to the pollen dipping of four days of blooming on maternal column cap, and morning and afternoon pollinate respectively once, continuous pollination two days are spent in every strain, the maternal bagging that continues after pollination;
(3) after the florescence, take the bagging on female parent, keep maternal mark;
(4) until hybridize the fruit maturation obtained June then, take out pulp, obtain hybridizing the first filial generation seed, will hybridize the first filial generation seed and dry, drying is stowed to next year;
(5) hybridization first filial generation planting seed step (4) obtained to the sterilization after rice bran peat in, more than seed buried depth 1.5cm, it is moist that rice bran peat keeps, the surface whiting is watered, when tree seedling grows to 2.5-3cm when high, seedling replanting is cultivated in transplanting medium is the plastic basin of 18cm * 18cm humous, is obtained the red large cherry plant of First Year good fortune;
(6) the red large cherry plant of good fortune step (5) obtained is transplanted to field at Second Year spring, and the column pitch of the red large cherry plant of good fortune is 3m, and line space is 4m, adjacent 2 row trench diggings, furrow width 1m, dark 0.8m.
2. the red large cherry of good fortune according to claim 1 is hybridized breeding method, it is characterized in that in described step (1) morning red cherry and the red light cherry in the cultivating process of 4 years, spring to morning red cherry and red light cherry carry out the green house cultivation, control in greenhouse daytime manner at 15 ~ 22 ℃, night, temperature was at 9 ~ 15 ℃, in greenhouse, mean temperature of air is 12.5 ~ 17 ℃, sooner or later the temperature difference is 5 ~ 10 ℃, early red cherry and red light cherry are cultivated Shandong District, the local environment weather reaches: average temperature of the whole year is more than 12 ℃, in 1 year daily mean temperature more than 10 ℃ time requirement have 150～200 days, 600～700 millimeters of annual rainfalls, the pH value of soil is 5.6～7.0.
3. the red large cherry of good fortune according to claim 1 is hybridized breeding method, it is characterized in that in described step (1) morning red cherry and the red light cherry in the cultivating process of 4 years, at Second Year late spring major branch that prunes away, retain other branch, the 3rd year late spring, the new shoot sprouted then prunes away, observed early flowers and the fruit of red cherry and red light cherry on the 4th year, and mark the florescence and approach, the limb growth is vigorous, flowers are many, the plant that fruit is large.
4. the red large cherry of good fortune according to claim 1 is hybridized breeding method, it is characterized in that before the florescence, will adjusting the florescence to female parent in described step (2), adopt the mixed light of royal purple light and ruddiness, 5:15-7:15 irradiates maternal bud between the lights, until bud is bloomed after becoming to grow up to bud, stop mixed light and irradiate, shift to an earlier date 3-4 days maternal florescences, maternal consistent with the florescence of male parent.
5. the red large cherry of good fortune according to claim 4 is hybridized breeding method, and the flux ratio that it is characterized in that described royal purple light and ruddiness is 1:1, and adopting the royal purple light wavelength is 650 ~ 690nm, and the wavelength of ruddiness is 640 ~ 660nm.
6. the red large cherry hybridization of good fortune according to claim 1 breeding method, is characterized in that in described step (2), pollination time is between 8 o'clock to 10 o'clock every morning, or between 5 o'clock to 6 o'clock afternoon.
7. the red large cherry hybridization of good fortune according to claim 1 breeding method, is characterized in that the seed of the hybridization first filial generation of described step (5) is chosen in the sowing in spring, cultivates the area in a southern Jiangsu generation.
8. the red large cherry of good fortune according to claim 1 hybridization breeding method, after it is characterized in that in described step (2) that male parent is bloomed, collect the pollen of male parent, and naturally dry processing, treats that female parent blooms, and utilizes writing brush to dip pollen and be coated on maternal column cap.
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| CN105154384A (en) * | 2015-09-18 | 2015-12-16 | 江苏丘陵地区镇江农业科学研究所 | Method for improving large cherry pollen germination rate |
| CN105165595A (en) * | 2015-07-14 | 2015-12-23 | 广州天适集团有限公司 | Method for improving Guangzhou cherry blossom and China Red cherry blossom hybridization pollination setting rate |
| CN105766299A (en) * | 2016-03-14 | 2016-07-20 | 乐亭丞起现代农业发展有限公司 | Method for culturing potted large cherry to be ripe during Spring Festival |
| CN105941130A (en) * | 2016-05-05 | 2016-09-21 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院生物技术研究所 | Large cherry breeding method |
| CN107114233A (en) * | 2017-06-20 | 2017-09-01 | 普定县绿源苗业开发有限公司 | A kind of method of morello and black skin cherry crossing |
| CN107258451A (en) * | 2017-08-04 | 2017-10-20 | 苏州蓝碧农产品发展有限公司 | It is a kind of to improve the implantation methods of cherry yield |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105165595A (en) * | 2015-07-14 | 2015-12-23 | 广州天适集团有限公司 | Method for improving Guangzhou cherry blossom and China Red cherry blossom hybridization pollination setting rate |
| CN105165595B (en) * | 2015-07-14 | 2017-07-04 | 广州天适集团有限公司 | The method that one kind improves ' Guangzhou ' cherry and ' Chinese red ' cherry hybridization pollination setting percentage |
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| CN105766299A (en) * | 2016-03-14 | 2016-07-20 | 乐亭丞起现代农业发展有限公司 | Method for culturing potted large cherry to be ripe during Spring Festival |
| CN105766299B (en) * | 2016-03-14 | 2018-08-24 | 乐亭丞起现代农业发展有限公司 | Ripe cultural method during a kind of potting large cherry Spring Festival |
| CN105941130A (en) * | 2016-05-05 | 2016-09-21 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院生物技术研究所 | Large cherry breeding method |
| CN107114233A (en) * | 2017-06-20 | 2017-09-01 | 普定县绿源苗业开发有限公司 | A kind of method of morello and black skin cherry crossing |
| CN107258451A (en) * | 2017-08-04 | 2017-10-20 | 苏州蓝碧农产品发展有限公司 | It is a kind of to improve the implantation methods of cherry yield |
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| CN103404428B (en) | 2015-07-22 |
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