CN1144515C - Culture method capable of making grape obtain continuous stable yield and high quality - Google Patents
Culture method capable of making grape obtain continuous stable yield and high quality Download PDFInfo
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- CN1144515C CN1144515C CNB001071602A CN00107160A CN1144515C CN 1144515 C CN1144515 C CN 1144515C CN B001071602 A CNB001071602 A CN B001071602A CN 00107160 A CN00107160 A CN 00107160A CN 1144515 C CN1144515 C CN 1144515C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a cultivation method for causing grapes to retain stable yields and good quality. The aging of a single plant of the grapes is irresistible, all the plants are often dug out, and thus, a garden is destroyed and planted again. The present invention comprises the steps that plant progeny row 487641655 density determination, tree-shaped design of double vertical frames, corresponding summer and winter pruning, renovation of a double-row alternative and regular press cultivation mode, wherein the plant row density is from 1.2 to 3 sq. m; the tree shape of the double vertical frames is the regular arrangement shape of vertical branches of double-row alternative creeping inclined vines; the summer and winter pruning comprises the steps of summer pruning for one vine and double branches, regular and quantitative branch thinning, winter pruning for long branches, and frame row exchange and reframing of a new mother vine; the renovation of the press cultivation mode comprises the steps that whole-plant vine press and seedling planting. The present invention is used for cultivating the grapes.
Description
Technical field: the present invention relates to a kind of cultivation method of grape, particularly make the cultivation method of grape retain stable yield, and good quality.
Background technology: the grape of indication of the present invention is meant the mattae of Vitaceae fallen leaves bejuco, is not to refer to its fruit---daily edible berry grape.
Grape be happiness light again can not be own upright, to rely on and climb up by holding on to the plant of striving for sunlight, its per unit area yield, gross output and economic worth are all than higher.The aging of the single plant of grape is irresistible, and the grapevine seedling of planting together in the field is inevitable so that enter into by carrying out the transition to the high yield and high quality phase first term declining period, therefore usually compel not dug out whole plant, replant in the garden of ruining, and causes the output instability of grape, the quality instability.
Summary of the invention:
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of cultivation method that makes grape retain stable yield, and good quality; it is a kind of orchard worker's of being suitable for operation; manage simple, good in economic efficiency, north and south is all suitable, the cultivation method that makes grape retain stable yield, and good quality that the protection ground viticulture of the most suitable central and north is used.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:
The cultivation method of grape, comprise determining of its seeding row spacing, the tree-like design of two stands, corresponding winter in summer pruning and duplicate rows replace the regular pressure mode of planting to be upgraded, described spacing in the rows is 0.52-0.6 rice or 0.78-0.8 rice, line-spacing is 3 meters, two stands are tree-like to be the double regularly arranged shape of climing vertical branch of alternately crawling, winter in summer trimming method is included as climing two branch summers and cuts, regularly quantitatively dredge branch, the long shoot winter cuts and cuts the back with the winter new female climing exchange frame is capable puts on the shelf again, the pressure mode of planting is upgraded and is comprised that connecting strain keeps down the vines of a creeping plant and raise seedling planting
A. described one climing two branch summer shear methods are: 2 fruit bearing shoot of selecting and remain of each the female climing upper end on the two framves of A, B, wherein go up branches and tendrils preceding, last two branches and tendrils after, every strain is female climing below 8, and 8-16 fruit bearing shoot its spacing is 0.15 meter climing upright tying up on two stand the 2nd, the 3 road horizontal lines of A, B of described mother;
B. describedly regularly quantitatively dredge branch, long shoot winter shear method is: the 8-10 joint is stayed in the every little strain of 1-4, and 0.5-0.7 rice long shoot is pruned the fruit branch that is meant in every fruit branch 50% and stays the 8-10 joint, and all the other are wiped out at the climing root of the one's old mother of Ying Shuzhi; During 8-11, to the fruit branch of every strain earlier from the climing base portion of the one's old mother that should dredge branch or last 1 base portion dredge remove 50% fruit branch after, dredge the fruit branch that goes 1-2 can not keep down the vines of a creeping plant again, retain fruit branch and stay the 8-10 joint, dug out by 11 years;
C. the described winter is cut the new capable method of putting on the shelf again of female climing exchange frame in back: it is female climing to fold A frame 50%, will the B frame 50% new female the climing A of drawing is capable northwards tilts, keep 0.3 meter spacing to tie up on B frame the 1st diatom, with capable 50% female climing the exchanging on capable the 1st diatom of B in addition of A;
D. the described strain mode of keeping down the vines of a creeping plant that connects comprises: the early winter in the 8th year, A capable every strain carrying out half is dredged branch, wherein 1 is stayed 12 joints, its remaining 8 joints, 0.9 meter pruning, be stored in the little capable frame climing, keep down the vines of a creeping plant in keep down the vines of a creeping plant before capable with the A capable b point of the B position of 50-60 degree diagonally opposing corner position, a point position, the about 0.35-0.45 rice of the climing base portion of new mother that every strain is exchanged to a capable overlength branch pruning of B when new female climing exchange frame is put on the shelf again is pressed in the hole, south dip presses, keep down the vines of a creeping plant then northwards to tilt to press for the capable a point of A, south dip and 0.3 meter spacing of other climing maintenances are tied up on B frame the 1st diatom, capable the 2nd year of keeping down the vines of a creeping plant of B is capable the 9th year of keeping down the vines of a creeping plant of A, to capable each the female climing pruning of carrying out 1 climing pair of branch of A, make the capable female climing 1 climing two branches that also form of the capable A of being pressed onto of B, it is climing to form renewal;
E. described raise seedling planting mode comprises: in the 7th year early winter of the capable plant of A, dredge and to go 50% fruit branch to add 1 will to exchange to the fruit branch that the capable b of B is ordered, the fruit branch that stays stays the 8-10 joint, winter is cut spring next year, and it is climing to tilt to tie up 4 mothers northwards at the capable frame of A, and it is climing that 3 mothers are tied up in the south dip of B frame, frame is changed in realization, early summer next year, wait to plant the capable b point of B and plant in the capable planting in advance a point of A position 50-60 degree is clinodiagonal, will live greatly seedling to south by east carry plant become upgrade climing;
Wherein:
(a). 3 meters of described plant density be in two stand framves little line-spacing 0.8-1 rice and wide row space 2-2.2 rice and;
(b). described pressure is planted mode female climing number controlling method of each phase of duplicate rows of regeneration period: increase climing one-tenth strain by pruning with 1-2-4-8 branch speed in the capable 1-4 strain of planting of keeping down the vines of a creeping plant of the capable B in the 8th year the new year of keeping down the vines of a creeping plant or planting of A, meanwhile the capable mother of B is climing digs out with 7-6-4-0 speed, guarantee that total amount is stable, the A capable guarantor who planted among the 5-7 3 years of keeping down the vines of a creeping plant of period and B that increased soil fertility in capable 3 years matches the climing phase;
(c). described pressure is planted the mode update cycle and is: the A strain is kept down the vines of a creeping plant or is planted to 4 year's harvest strains, and 5-7 is for protecting the climing phase, keeps down the vines of a creeping plant or plants from A is capable in the 8th year, and A is capable to begin to subtract the climing phase of withdrawing from, and digs out by the 11st year, and 3 years recuperation phases of 12-14 are finished one-period;
(d). described pressure is planted the renewal principle of mode, can plant the cuttage of new varieties from the root grape seedlings in the 8th year early summer of southern area, begins to connect strain after 7 years and keeps down the vines of a creeping plant.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. by the method for batch updating, the first term of the grape in the realization garden, high yield and high quality phase, the balanced appearance of declining period, realize continuing stable yields.Original viticulture technology is a cost to sacrifice quality, adopts the trimming method of brachyplast, ultrashort branch and retraction, branch is pruned and is upgraded in turn, to delay senility, this method can not make the plant body delay senility, some day, plant senesecence, just need dig out old strain, replant in the garden of ruining, and causes the orchard to have at least 3 annual productions to interrupt, the product quality in each period fluctuation is very big in the whole cycle, and the sale prestige of grape berry is brought tangible influence.
2. cultivate the stable yields mode that duplicate rows replaces by rule trimming.The present invention is building in the design of determining to go with the posture tree of garden plant apart from density, and in the pruning process, consider the climing and middle long shoot cutting back pruning of branch method fully, utilize the female climing middle part full mixed bud long shoot result of result, reach the purpose of precocity fruiting, the good fruit of knot and quick shaping, early high-yield high-quality.The present invention has considered that simultaneously Cheng Yuanhou adopts two strain alternate cycle to take root in the implementation condition of method, and plant density rule appropriateness makes the tree-like height of posture orderly by pruning, makes plant obtain superior life condition.
3. technical scheme is detailed, and the orchard worker with basic general knowledge just can operate easily, and management method is simple, the orchard is good in economic efficiency, north-south climate is all suitable, and the protection ground viticulture of the most suitable central and north is used.
4. by the two best branches and leaves of the tree-like realization of stand positions, realize the purpose of stable high yield.Grapevine seedling just inevitably occurs moving on the setting fruit position after several years through growing, yielding positive results, so that branch strain aging.It is artificial shortening ground branches and leaves and the underground extent of the root system and the height and distance of nature that the routine of grape is upgraded, generally be by brachyplast, ultrashort branch or old climing method of taking turns the retraction pruning, delay branches and leaves away from root system, but adopt this method, can not always in the position of the best eye appear, it is unpractical allowing plant keep the nearest optimum state of branches and leaves, therefore, inevitably produce branches and leaves away from old and feeble situation, in the course of time, will produce whole garden grape and enter the state of collective's aging, it is exactly that the common garden of ruining plants again that the collective of grape is laid off.
The present invention carries out the duplicate rows plant and periodically takes root in update method and realized that the twig nearest apart from root system arranged forever, promptly plant or take root in, upgrade the short plant of new root system and branches and leaves distance, reach appropriate optimum state as early as possible by natural selection, keep this state a period of time such as several years, make it substitute former plant and continue the result not dug out (be the plant that just enters best in quality and output state step down before) to the old and feeble time limit.Like this, just can not influence renewal yield and quality then, and the grape retain stable yield, and good quality in orchard there has been guarantee again after making.The enforcement of this update method has solved for the too fast problem of setting fruit position reach that realizes that the early high-yield high-quality occurs, for realizing making grape retain stable yield, and good quality that assurance is provided.This also is to make the present invention compare one of characteristics that have significant technological progress with other technologies.
5. adopt reasonable spacing in the rows density, provide assurance, guarantee that simultaneously all plant obtain rational sunlight, have guaranteed the quality and yield of grape for realizing two stand crop rotation methods.
6. adjust described plant density and trimming method according to the difference of cultural area, planting type, nursery stock kind and update method, this makes method of the present invention more meet scientific law, and experience and embodiment that can the operator adjust, and reaches better effect.
7. prune by, winter in summer tree-like and carried out adjustment, improvement and perfect in the past plant density, posture, make the grape branch strain of keeping down the vines of a creeping plant or planting in the seeding row spacing of appropriateness by pruning, utilize full bud vigorous branches made up two stands double alternately crawl climing upright regularly arranged short tree-like.This short tree-like company's strain of alternately regularly pressing the mode of planting to upgrade every 7 years for duplicate rows is again kept down the vines of a creeping plant or the raise seedling planting method provides the foundation, formed with pressure plant be updated to main, branches and tendrils be trimmed to auxilliary, keep down the vines of a creeping plant and the winter in summer is pruned the science cultivation system that combines, guaranteed implementation result of the present invention.
Description of drawings: accompanying drawing 1 is the plant structural representation that adopts planting method to upgrade among the present invention, time location is after building garden fallen leaves the 5th year early winter, the capable strain grape of B before the renewal pruning is the stereogram of the double regularly arranged tree type of climing vertical branch of alternately crawling of B strain shaping shelfful.
Embodiment:
Embodiment 1:
The cultivation method of grape, comprise the determining of its strain, row distance, the tree-like design of two stands, the corresponding winter in summer prunes and duplicate rows replace the regular pressure mode of planting and upgrade, described spacing in the rows is 0.52-0.6 rice or 0.78-0.8 rice, line-spacing is 3 meters, two stands are tree-like to be the double regularly arranged shape of climing vertical branch of alternately crawling, winter in summer trimming method be included as climing two branch summers cut, regularly quantitatively dredge branch, the long shoot winter cuts cuts the back with the winter new female climing exchange frame is capable puts on the shelf again, press the mode of planting to upgrade and comprise that connecting strain keeps down the vines of a creeping plant and raise seedling planting.
This cultivation method also comprises:
A. described one climing two branch summer shear methods are: 2 fruit bearing shoot of selecting and remain of each the female climing upper end on the two framves of A, B, wherein go up branches and tendrils preceding, last two branches and tendrils after, every strain is female climing below 8, and 8-16 fruit bearing shoot its spacing is 0.15 meter climing upright tying up on two stand the 2nd, the 3 road horizontal lines of A, B of described mother;
B. describedly regularly quantitatively dredge branch, long shoot winter shear method is: the 8-10 joint is stayed in the every little strain of 1-4, and 0.5-0.7 rice long shoot is pruned the fruit branch that is meant in every fruit branch 50% and stays the 8-10 joint, and all the other are wiped out at the climing root of the one's old mother of Ying Shuzhi; During 8-11, to the fruit branch of every strain earlier from the climing base portion of the one's old mother that should dredge branch or last 1 base portion dredge remove 50% fruit branch after, dredge the fruit branch that goes 1-2 can not keep down the vines of a creeping plant again, retain fruit branch and stay the 8-10 joint, dug out by 11 years;
C. the described winter is cut the new capable method of putting on the shelf again of female climing exchange frame in back: it is female climing to fold A frame 50%, will the B frame 50% new female the climing A of drawing is capable northwards tilts, keep 0.3 meter spacing to tie up on B frame the 1st diatom, with capable 50% female climing the exchanging on capable the 1st diatom of B in addition of A;
D. the described strain mode of keeping down the vines of a creeping plant that connects comprises: the early winter in the 8th year, A capable every strain carrying out half is dredged branch, wherein 1 is stayed 12 joints, its remaining 8 joints, 0.9 meter pruning, be stored in the little capable frame climing, keep down the vines of a creeping plant in keep down the vines of a creeping plant before capable with the A capable b point of the B position of 50-60 degree diagonally opposing corner position, a point position, the about 0.35-0.45 rice of the climing base portion of new mother that every strain is exchanged to a capable overlength branch pruning of B when new female climing exchange frame is put on the shelf again is pressed in the hole, south dip presses, keep down the vines of a creeping plant then northwards to tilt to press for the capable a point of A, south dip and 0.3 meter spacing of other climing maintenances are tied up on B frame the 1st diatom, capable the 2nd year of keeping down the vines of a creeping plant of B is capable the 9th year of keeping down the vines of a creeping plant of A, to capable each the female climing pruning of carrying out 1 climing pair of branch of A, make the capable female climing 1 climing two branches that also form of the capable A of being pressed onto of B, it is climing to form renewal;
E. described raise seedling planting mode comprises: in the 7th year early winter of the capable plant of A, dredge and to go 50% fruit branch to add 1 will to exchange to the fruit branch that the capable b of B is ordered, the fruit branch that stays stays the 8-10 joint, winter is cut spring next year, and it is climing to tilt to tie up 4 mothers northwards at the capable frame of A, and it is climing that 3 mothers are tied up in the south dip of B frame, frame is changed in realization, early summer next year, wait to plant the capable b point of B and plant in the capable planting in advance a point of A position 50-60 degree is clinodiagonal, will live greatly seedling to south by east carry plant become upgrade climing.
In the above-mentioned cultivation method that makes grape retain stable yield, and good quality:
(a). described plant density is 3 meters of 1.2 meters line-spacings of spacing in the rows for 1.2 * 3 meters, wherein 3 meters be in two stand framves little line-spacing 0.8-1 rice and wide row space 2-2.2 rice and;
(b). described pressure is planted mode female climing number controlling method of each phase of duplicate rows of regeneration period: increase climing one-tenth strain by pruning with 1-2-4-8 branch speed in the capable 1-4 strain of planting of keeping down the vines of a creeping plant of the capable B in the 8th year the new year of keeping down the vines of a creeping plant or planting of A, meanwhile the capable mother of B is climing digs out with 7-6-4-0 speed, guarantee that total amount is stable, the A capable guarantor who planted among the 5-7 3 years of keeping down the vines of a creeping plant of period and B that increased soil fertility in capable 3 years matches the climing phase;
(c). described pressure is planted the mode update cycle and is: the A strain is from keeping down the vines of a creeping plant or plant to 4 year's harvest strains, and 5-7 is for protecting the climing phase, keeps down the vines of a creeping plant or plants from A is capable in the 8th year, and A is capable to begin to subtract the climing phase of withdrawing from, and digs out by the 11st year, and 3 year phase of recuperating of 12-14 finished one-period;
(d). described pressure is planted the renewal principle of mode, can plant the cuttage of new varieties from the root grape seedlings in the 8th year early summer of southern area, begins to connect strain after 7 years and keeps down the vines of a creeping plant.
The described cultivation method that makes grape retain stable yield, and good quality of the above embodiments is planted cuttage seeding or is sowed when connecing seedling when described nursery stock kind adopts, and the method for adjustment of described plant density can also be:
(a). at cultural area is need protect ground with the viny region of accurate organic matter or simple and crude organic matter winter protection open country, the winter that does not need the grape main producing region of undercarriage winter protection winter,
Wide row space is 1.3-2m between two stand framves of outdoor cropping;
(b). at cultural area is that winter need be with the producing region, the central and north of the winter protection of in the ranks fetching earth, and wide row space is 2.5-3m between two stand framves of outdoor cropping, in two stand framves apart from being 1m;
(c). implement connecting keep down the vines of a creeping plant the take root spacing in the rows of long shoot method of strain is 0.52-0.6m;
(d). implementing from the different spacing in the rows of overgrowing root long shoot method of strain grafting is 0.78-0.8m;
The described cultivation method that makes grape retain stable yield, and good quality of the above embodiments, described keep down the vines of a creeping plant take root trimming method and cultivation, the update method of long shoot method of strain that connect is:
A. upgrading for the first time is to carry the 4th year that plants cuttage seeding in the capable garden of building of A, after falling leaves early winter, contract earlier and cut branch toward female 4 the climing fruit branches of the capable every strain of B, plough deeply and dig out the capable parallel ditch of keeping down the vines of a creeping plant in the fertilising of B line position with A, climing two fruit branches of capable every strain south 1 one's old mother of A are capable toward B as dividing climing branch, the north 2 fruit branches bending of these two fruit branches also is pressed in the ditch of keeping down the vines of a creeping plant, every strain divides the climing fruit branch that is pressed onto in the ditch of keeping down the vines of a creeping plant to keep the 0.52-0.6m south dip to cultivate, dividing between climing branch and the branch that is not pressed onto in the ditch of keeping down the vines of a creeping plant that is pressed onto in the ditch of keeping down the vines of a creeping plant the spacing south dip of maintenance 0.3m to be fixed on the first road iron wire each waits to prune, and do not divide climing seedling on the capable climing inside annular local panel of every strain north 2 one's old mothers of A, and be fixed with inserting underground wooden hook, every strain divides between climing two fruit branches 0.3 meter of distance, and south dip is fixedly waited to prune;
B. upgrade the back or upgrade before to the fruit branch of not pressing up to stay 0.7-0.8m from base portion, middle long shoot cutting back pruning so as the coming year in the capable long shoot result of B;
The fruit branch that is pressed onto in the ditch of keeping down the vines of a creeping plant up stays 0.5m from ground, mother is climing as a result as upgrading the coming year in moderate pruning;
Stay branch cutting back pruning among two fruit branch 0.5-0.6m of the capable every strain dish of A on climing, so that come annual bearing female climing in the capable long shoot result of A;
For being regardless of early winter in the coming year or early summer the climing renewal winter pruning of dish, prune female 1 in the south on climing of all results of duplicate rows off, the branch cutting back pruning is to be used as the annual bearing mother climing in 2 in the north, and every strain in the coming year keeps 4 climing, 4 fruit bearing shoot results of mother as a result;
C. orchard Cheng Yuanhou, climing always on the frame face, female climing, fruit branch is respectively 30 degree, 60 degree, 90 degree by the angle that tilts to upright the south, the 1st time in capable the 6th year of upgrading of B (the capable plantation of former A the 10th year) carry out second and take turns renewal in that A is capable, dig out A is capable, plant from B is capable that to be pressed onto the result be 2 years, dig out by the 10th year that upgrades the plant of the capable renewal of B for the 2nd time, divide climing to be again 2 years to the capable result of B, to realize the update cycle in 12 years from A is capable.
The described cultivation method that makes grape retain stable yield, and good quality of the above embodiments, described connect strain keep down the vines of a creeping plant take root the trimming method of long shoot method and cultivation, update method can also for:
A. implement carrying that the method for planting upgrades for the 1st time is to carry the 4th year early summer next year in Winter Solstice of planting grafting in the capable garden of building of A, winter is when cutting, cut branch earlier toward 6 fruit branches of the capable every strain of B, plough deeply in the fertilising of B line position, branch was pruned during the capable every strain of A north 2 old two climing fruit branches carried out, the long pruning during south 1 female two climing fruit branches carry out, winter protection is passed the winter, spring next year, the climing female climing branches of two new results of the capable every strain of A south 1 one's old mother are about to old climing fixing toward B, divide toward capable two the new fruit bearing shoot of every strain of B and divide climing distance by 0.78-0.8 rice, 0.26 distance in rice climing, south dip is fixed to Li Liangshang, and every young plant is climing in ground on the annular disk capable north 2 one's old mothers of A, and be fixed with inserting underground wooden hook, coil the climing female climing maintenance one determining deviation south dip of two new results of every strain and put on the shelf, during to early summer, the climing new result of two branches of the capable every strain of B female climing and in addition two new divide climing results female dig to carry by 0.78-0.8 rice spacing in the rows between climing plant the hole, the seedling of will living is greatly put into the hole, and south dip is carried to plant and guaranteed to survive;
B. upgrade the back or upgrade before up stays 0.7-0.8m to dividing from base portion toward capable two fruit branches of every strain of B, middle long shoot cutting back pruning so as the coming year in the capable long shoot result of B;
A shoot is only stayed in the innovation shoot strain of newly planting then, winter cuts and stays 0.8 meter to decide climing, first bud of clip is preferably in the south during cutting back pruning, summer is when cutting, two upright fruit bearing shoot results are only stayed on each inclination result's female climing top, erase the bud or the shoot of bottom at climing, two in climing north for 1, new fruit bearing shoot does not stay sublateral shoot;
For early winter in the coming year or early summer being regardless of the climing renewal winter pruning of dish, every strain is dredged at least and is gone to 1 in 1 the capable south of B, and basal shoot is pruned as coming the annual bearing mother climing, and the every strain of duplicate rows in the coming year has female climing 10 the fruit bearing shoot results of 5 results;
C. orchard Cheng Yuanhou, climing always on the frame face, female climing, fruit branch is respectively 30 degree, 60 degree, 90 degree by the angle that tilts to upright the south, the 1st time in capable the 6th year of upgrading of B (the capable plantation of former A the 10th year) carry out second and take turns renewal in that A is capable, dig out A is capable, plant from B is capable that to be pressed onto the result be 2 years, dig out by the 10th year that upgrades the plant of the capable renewal of B for the 2nd time, divide climing to be again 2 years to the capable result of B, to realize the update cycle in 12 years from A is capable.
In addition, the stable yields that should be noted that indication of the present invention is the gross yield that the gross yield of unit are several years is significantly higher than control group, and stable yield, can make the orchard not have the output rest periods to continue stable yields later on from building the garden, can make simultaneously the annual production in orchard stable, almost not fluctuation.
Adopt the present invention, owing to there are enough plant to be in outstanding output state, make the grape berry of output keep the stable high quality state, under the condition of this continual and steady good quality and high output, the producer can the application of the invention realization obtains the purpose of higher economic benefit.By implementing the present invention, not only can set up the mode of two framves, also can set up many mode, to expand the scale of production, improve planting type, reduce cost, create higher yield and quality, obtain better economic benefit, form an optimum viticulture economy circulation.
Below itemize by the time position and to implement method of operating of the present invention:
1. build the 1-3 in garden:
The 1st year: adopt keep down the vines of a creeping plant method or cultivation after being specified to the garden by cultural area, cultivation winter protection mode etc. earlier, determine the grape nursery stock kind of cultivation, determine wide row space between two stand framves again, little line-spacing was 1 meter in the frame.After line-spacing is determined, plough deeply fertilising and dig a vertical planting furrow wholely in that A is capable.Early summer, the grape seedlings of cuttage seeding or grafting bred big seedling alive after, put into planting furrow by 0.52-0.78 rice spacing in the rows, it is planted guarantees to survive.Must stay two shoots (if stay a shoot, the altricial garden of meeting 2 years) also in time to put on the shelf on the 1st year, shoot does not stay sublateral shoot.Winter, two shoots of every strain stayed the fixed climing of 0.8-0.9 rice, pass the winter after cutting when cutting.
The 2nd year: vegetative period spring and summer the climing curved incline to the south of two masters of every strain is put on the shelf, two climing tops of master, 4 shoots of selecting and remain, two shoots 1 were in climing south, and two shoots 2 are in time tied up branch summer and go pair slightly in climing north, and it is grown up strong and sturdy.Winter does not need the area of undercarriage winter protection or the plant of protection ground cultivation when cutting, and just divide every strain south 1 upright climing two shoots toward B capable early winter, fixes with wooden hook, keeps a determining deviation south dip to put on the shelf.Two shoots up stay long shoot cutting back pruning the 0.7-0.8 rice from base portion, and it is climing to do the capable mother as a result of B, and dividing climing purpose is that in another row result or the renewal of keeping down the vines of a creeping plant, coiling climing purpose is that short-term prevents to move past on the setting fruit position many unnecessary fruit branch branch of this row.After winter cut, nature or winter protection were passed the winter.
The 3rd year: the every strain of duplicate rows has 4, and mother was climing as a result, 8 fruit bearing shoot of selecting and remain, and the winter is when cutting, the method of keeping down the vines of a creeping plant is that female 1 climing in the south of all results of duplicate rows is pruned off, branch cutting back pruning in 2 in the north is used as the annual bearing mother climing, keeps 4 of every strains climing, 8 fruit bearing shoot results of mother as a result the coming year.The every strain of the rule of planting is dredged less and is gone to 1 in 1 the capable south of B, branch cutting back pruning during it is carried out, and the every strain of duplicate rows in the coming year has female climing 10 the fruit bearing shoot results of 5 results, enters next year after cutting.
2. adopt the method for keeping down the vines of a creeping plant building the garden the 4th year:
Plant of the present invention as Fig. 1, vegetative period spring and summer in the 4th year of founding the state, the angle that makes each 4 old climing the south of plant of frame face duplicate rows is 30 degree, be big inclination, 4 climing angle 60 degree in the south of mother tilt, it is female climing to keep 4 on the equidistant arrangement frame of planning to tilt, the fruit branch result who selects and remain 8 upright 90 degree, and early winter is in capable the 1st the method renewal of implementing to keep down the vines of a creeping plant of B; The 1st step contracted earlier cuts branch toward capable 4 fruit branches of every strain of B, deep-cut in the capable fertilising of B, article one, the ditch of vertically keeping down the vines of a creeping plant, the 2nd step divided two climing fruit branches of capable every strain south 1 one's old mother of A toward B capable more again, every strain divides being pressed in the ditch of keeping down the vines of a creeping plant toward 1 bending in north of two capable fruit branches of B, after being pressed onto in the ditch, the distance between branch is a 0.52-0.6 rice, and south dip is good with earth culture.The branch that makes every strain be pressed onto the branch in the ditch at last and be not pressed onto in the ditch keeps 0.3 meter spacing, equidistantly puts on the shelf.The branch of not pressing up to stay 0.7-0.8 rice from base portion, long shoot is pruned in the work, and is climing as the mother as a result in the coming year, and in the capable long shoot result of taking root of B, the branch that is pressed onto in the ditch up stays 0.5 meter moderate pruning from ground, and mother is climing as a result as upgrading the coming year, in the capable long shoot result of taking root of B.In the 3rd step, the capable every strain north of A 2 is old climing on the annular local panel, coil climing branch and keeps a determining deviation in row staying, and the rule inclination is put on the shelf and tied up, and two fruit branches of every strain stay a cutting back pruning in the 0.5-0.6 rice, are used as the annual bearing mother climing in the capable long shoot result of A.
3. adopt planting method building the 4th year of garden:
Plant of the present invention, in vegetative period spring and summer in the 4th year of building the garden, the angle that makes each 4 old climing the south of plant of frame face duplicate rows is 30 degree, be big inclination, 5 climing angle 60 degree in the south of mother tilt, and it is female climing to keep 5 on the equidistant arrangement frame of planning to tilt, the fruit branch result who selects and remain 10 upright 90 degree.Winter is when cutting, contract earlier and cut branch toward capable 6 fruit branches of every strain of B, plough deeply in the capable fertilising of B is to plant in the next spring to prepare wholely, the capable plant of A south 1 female two climing fruit branches are stayed 0.7-0.8 rice, in long shoot prune to prepare come the fraction of the year toward the capable long shoot result of B, be pressed onto branch in the ditch and up stay 0.5 meter moderate pruning to do from ground to upgrade the result coming year female climing in the capable long shoot result of taking root of B.The 3rd step is old climing in row on the annular local panel staying the capable every strain north of A 2.Coil climing branch and keep certain spacing rule to tilt to put on the shelf tying up, two fruit branches of every strain stay branch cutting back pruning in the 0.5-0.6 rice, do annual bearing female climing in the capable long shoot result of A.
4. the present invention prepares to implement the planting method renewal, promptly the 4th year of foundation, the spring and summer growth makes the big inclination of 4 old climing angle 30 degree in the south of each plant of duplicate rows on the frame face season, 5 climing angle 60 degree in the south of mother tilt, keep the arrangement frame of equidistant rule good, 5 female climing 10 upright 90 degree fruit bearing shoot results that select and remain that tilt.Winter is when cutting, and contracts earlier and cuts branch toward 6 fruit branches of the capable every strain of B, ploughs deeply wholely to coming the spring and summer renewal of planting to prepare in the capable fertilising of B.South 1 female two climing fruit branches to the capable every strain of A stay 0.7-0.8 rice, middle long shoot is pruned the fraction of the year of preparing capable toward B, in B newline result more, it is climing in the capable result of A that another north 2 old two climing fruit branches of every strain stay in the 0.5-0.6 rice branch to prune to prepare a spring in the coming year to be the climing result of the going up mother of dish.Winter protection is passed the winter, and next year, spring and summer upgraded at the capable enforcement of B planting method for the first time.
5. in the present invention, 1 year of upgrading of the method for keeping down the vines of a creeping plant that B is capable, the 5th year of building the garden, two each plant of stand duplicate rows (comprise be pressed onto in the ditch climing) still 4 mother is climing as a result, in topmost 8 the fruit bearing shoot results that select and remain.Female climing inclination on the frame face, fruit branch is upright, and growth is strengthened management in season, makes to upgrade and other technology performance actual effect, and the winter dredges southern 1 of the every strain of duplicate rows when cutting, and middle branch is pruned 2 in north, and is female climing constant for keeping 4 results next year.
6. build the garden in the present invention the 5th year, planting method was in capable 1 year of implementing for the first time of B.The suitable date in spring, remove the winter protection thing, keep the female climing branch of pruning last year of every strain south 1 old climing two results certain spacing rule to tilt to put on the shelf toward B is capable earlier, female climing of each result stays two fruit branches, and 1 in climing south, and 2 in climing north, again the capable maternal plant of the A that has cut north 2 old climing in row annular local panel, to fix annular climing always with inserting underground wooden hook, coil the certain spacing rule of climing female climing maintenance and tilt to put on the shelf, 4 of every strain duplicate rows climing 8 upright fruit bearing shoot results that select and remain of mother that tilt.This is year to early summer, earlier in that to upgrade B capable, every climing two result of branch female climing and in addition two mothers climing between, dig planting pit by 0.8 meter spacing in the rows, connect cold-resistant grape young plant and breed big seedling alive and put into planting pit sowing, its south dip is planted, guarantee to survive.New renewal plant only stays a shoot then, and the winter cuts and stays 0.8-0.9 rice fixed climing.
7. the 6th year of foundation, keep down the vines of a creeping plant or planted 1 year that upgrades, the method of the keeping down the vines of a creeping plant winter is cut branch toward the capable old climing and climing fruit branch of capable every strain south 1 one's old mother of A in south that there is not pressure of B, one strain becomes two strains at duplicate rows, the capable north of the capable old climing and A that upgrade to press of B last time 2 is old climing separately in row on the spot on the annular disk, and the skill pruning of putting on the shelf comes annual bearing.The plant that planting method is newly planted stays two branches on main climing top, and 1 in climing south, and 2 skills are in climing north.Method and the planting method pruning management of keeping down the vines of a creeping plant in several years later on is roughly the same, but have any different, separately by pruned the update method cultivation in the past, capable the 6th year of upgrading of B is for the second time in the capable renewal of A, and to plant be 4 years in the time of the capable renewal of B for the first time in the garden of building, build the garden to plant the capable renewal of A be 10 years from A is capable for such one time, the capable plant of A was dug out on the 8th year, being updated to the capable renewal of B from the capable method of pressing or plant of B later on has been exactly 12 years, for the second time the grapevine seedling in the capable renewal of B dug out on the 10th year, divided climingly the capable result of B 2 years from A is capable, and just the capable two annual overhaul spare time of B increase soil fertility the time, have still 12 years altogether, alternately the root branch update cycle is 12 years.By aforesaid a kind of cultivation method cultivation that makes grape retain stable yield, and good quality.Be equipped with good place of production condition, strengthen soil, fertile, water management, the extermination of disease and insect pest etc.We just can annual successively stably produce the grape product more, that integrated quality is various in the cultivating grape garden.
Claims (1)
1. grape cultivation method, comprise its strain, determining of line-spacing, the tree-like design of two stands, corresponding winter in summer pruning and duplicate rows replace the regular pressure mode of planting to be upgraded, it is characterized in that: described spacing in the rows is 0.52-0.6 rice or 0.78-0.8 rice, line-spacing is 3 meters, two stands are tree-like to be the double regularly arranged shape of climing vertical branch of alternately crawling, winter in summer trimming method is included as climing two branch summers and cuts, regularly quantitatively dredge branch, the long shoot winter cuts and cuts the back with the winter new female climing exchange frame is capable puts on the shelf again, the pressure mode of planting is upgraded and is comprised that connecting strain keeps down the vines of a creeping plant and raise seedling planting
A. described one climing two branch summer shear methods are: 2 fruit bearing shoot of selecting and remain of each the female climing upper end on the two framves of A, B, wherein go up branches and tendrils preceding, last two branches and tendrils after, every strain is female climing below 8, and 8-16 fruit bearing shoot its spacing is 0.15 meter climing upright tying up on two stand the 2nd, the 3 road horizontal lines of A, B of described mother;
B. describedly regularly quantitatively dredge branch, long shoot winter shear method is: the 8-10 joint is stayed in the every little strain of 1-4, and 0.5-0.7 rice long shoot is pruned the fruit branch that is meant in every fruit branch 50% and stays the 8-10 joint, and all the other are wiped out at the climing root of the one's old mother of Ying Shuzhi; During 8-11, to the fruit branch of every strain earlier from the climing base portion of the one's old mother that should dredge branch or last 1 base portion dredge remove 50% fruit branch after, dredge the fruit branch that goes 1-2 can not keep down the vines of a creeping plant again, retain fruit branch and stay the 8-10 joint, dug out by 11 years;
C. the described winter is cut the new capable method of putting on the shelf again of female climing exchange frame in back: it is female climing to fold A frame 50%, will the B frame 50% new female the climing A of drawing is capable northwards tilts, keep 0.3 meter spacing to tie up on B frame the 1st diatom, with capable 50% female climing the exchanging on capable the 1st diatom of B in addition of A;
D. the described strain mode of keeping down the vines of a creeping plant that connects comprises: the early winter in the 8th year, A capable every strain carrying out half is dredged branch, wherein 1 is stayed 12 joints, its remaining 8 joints, 0.9 meter pruning, be stored in the little capable frame climing, keep down the vines of a creeping plant in keep down the vines of a creeping plant before capable with the A capable b point of the B position of 50-60 degree diagonally opposing corner position, a point position, the about 0.35-0.45 rice of the climing base portion of new mother that every strain is exchanged to a capable overlength branch pruning of B when new female climing exchange frame is put on the shelf again is pressed in the hole, south dip presses, keep down the vines of a creeping plant then northwards to tilt to press for the capable a point of A, south dip and 0.3 meter spacing of other climing maintenances are tied up on B frame the 1st diatom, capable the 2nd year of keeping down the vines of a creeping plant of B is capable the 9th year of keeping down the vines of a creeping plant of A, to capable each the female climing pruning of carrying out 1 climing pair of branch of A, make the capable female climing 1 climing two branches that also form of the capable A of being pressed onto of B, it is climing to form renewal;
E. described raise seedling planting mode comprises: in the 7th year early winter of the capable plant of A, dredge and to go 50% fruit branch to add 1 will to exchange to the fruit branch that the capable b of B is ordered, the fruit branch that stays stays the 8-10 joint, winter is cut spring next year, and it is climing to tilt to tie up 4 mothers northwards at the capable frame of A, and it is climing that 3 mothers are tied up in the south dip of B frame, frame is changed in realization, early summer next year, wait to plant the capable b point of B and plant in the capable planting in advance a point of A position 50-60 degree is clinodiagonal, will live greatly seedling to south by east carry plant become upgrade climing;
Wherein:
(a). 3 meters of described seeding row spacings be in two stand framves little line-spacing 0.8-1 rice and wide row space 2-2.2 rice and;
(b). described pressure is planted mode female climing number controlling method of each phase of duplicate rows of regeneration period: increase climing one-tenth strain by pruning with 1-2-4-8 branch speed in the capable 1-4 strain of planting of keeping down the vines of a creeping plant of the capable B in the 8th year the new year of keeping down the vines of a creeping plant or planting of A, meanwhile the capable mother of B is climing digs out with 7-6-4-0 speed, guarantee that total amount is stable, the A capable guarantor who planted among the 5-7 3 years of keeping down the vines of a creeping plant of period and B that increased soil fertility in capable 3 years matches the climing phase;
(c). described pressure is planted the mode update cycle and is: the A strain is from keeping down the vines of a creeping plant or plant to 4 year's harvest strains, and 5-7 is for protecting the climing phase, keeps down the vines of a creeping plant or plants from A is capable in the 8th year, and A is capable to begin to subtract the climing phase of withdrawing from, and digs out by the 11st year, and 3 years recuperation phases of 12-14 are finished one-period;
(d). described pressure is planted the renewal principle of mode, can plant the cuttage of new varieties from the root grape seedlings in the 8th year early summer of southern area, begins to connect strain after 7 years and keeps down the vines of a creeping plant.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB001071602A CN1144515C (en) | 2000-04-28 | 2000-04-28 | Culture method capable of making grape obtain continuous stable yield and high quality |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB001071602A CN1144515C (en) | 2000-04-28 | 2000-04-28 | Culture method capable of making grape obtain continuous stable yield and high quality |
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| CN1321416A CN1321416A (en) | 2001-11-14 |
| CN1144515C true CN1144515C (en) | 2004-04-07 |
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Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HU220386B (en) * | 1998-12-16 | 2002-01-28 | Tivadar Babó | Process for crop resulation of grape |
| CN102550358B (en) * | 2011-08-29 | 2013-09-11 | 宜章华山红林科技生态有限公司 | Method for high-density layered fruit bearing for grape cultivation in south |
| CN103238495B (en) * | 2013-05-27 | 2015-02-04 | 镇江万山红遍农业园 | Method for landscaping by peach tree |
| CN103782865A (en) * | 2014-01-25 | 2014-05-14 | 潍坊职业学院 | Greenhouse grape branch and tendril refreshing method |
| CN104106444B (en) * | 2014-07-11 | 2017-02-01 | 徐小菊 | Method for renewing grapes fast |
| CN110050633B (en) * | 2019-05-28 | 2021-08-27 | 曾新华 | Method for alternately and circularly fruiting a plurality of grapevines |
| CN110679380B (en) * | 2019-11-04 | 2022-03-29 | 寿光市润宏农业科技有限公司 | Grape cultivation management method |
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