CN108094095B - High-yield cultivation method of radix pseudostellariae - Google Patents
High-yield cultivation method of radix pseudostellariae Download PDFInfo
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- CN108094095B CN108094095B CN201711327696.9A CN201711327696A CN108094095B CN 108094095 B CN108094095 B CN 108094095B CN 201711327696 A CN201711327696 A CN 201711327696A CN 108094095 B CN108094095 B CN 108094095B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
Abstract
The invention provides a high-yield cultivation method of radix pseudostellariae, and belongs to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine cultivation. The method comprises the steps of land selection, land preparation, planting, fertilization and management, and comprises the following aspects: 1) selecting loam with the slope direction of southwest and southeast, the average annual temperature range of 20-32 ℃, the altitude of 1100-1300 m, the organic carbon content of the soil of 0-1.7 percent, and broadcasting and applying 2000-3000kg of farmyard manure per mu. 2) After seedling emergence, corresponding nutrient solution is prepared regularly to promote the accumulation of dry weight of roots, thereby improving the yield and quality of the radix pseudostellariae. On the basis of combining field planting technology and greenhouse planting technology, the yield per mu dry product of the medicine parts can be improved by about 30 percent compared with the control, the yield value is increased, the content of main active ingredients is increased by 1 percent, and the method is simple. Simple steps, convenient operation and strong practicability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of traditional Chinese medicine cultivation, and particularly relates to a planting method of radix pseudostellariae.
Background
Dried root tuber of Pseudostellaria heterophylla (Miq.) Pax ex Paxet Hoffm, a plant belonging to the family Phyllostachys, Pseudostellaria, Phyllostachys nigra, entitled "Panax quinquefolium", is described as "the young of Panax ginseng". As a traditional Chinese medicinal material, the radix pseudostellariae is widely utilized and started from the market development of Chinese patent medicines such as 'Jianzhong Jianwei Xiaoshi tablet', 'Compound radix pseudostellariae granule', 'radix pseudostellariae oral liquid' and the like.
The radix pseudostellariae shallow root crops require loose soil, the soil is preferably sandy soil or yellow red soil rich in humus, the sunny slope with slight inclination is the best, and the slightly acidic crops are preferably micro-acid crops. The clay with large water content and the soil with poor, high underground water level and low depression and easy to be cultivated are not suitable for planting. The fertilizer has good growth in a humid environment, is fertile and loose, is rich in humus soil, and has good growth in sandy soil. The growth of the radix pseudostellariae is influenced by low-waterlogging land, cohesive soil, solid soil, poor drainage, less soil humus and barren soil.
The Shandong radix pseudostellariae has a long cultivation history, is colored, brilliant yellow, fertile and excellent in quality, and is known as a genuine medicinal material. Radix pseudostellariae cultivation is an effective way for poverty deprivation and enrichment in Shandong near-Yiyi mountainous areas, but at present, the planting area of a production area is reduced year by year, the yield and the scale cannot be formed, and economic benefits are difficult to bring. At present, the method for planting the radix pseudostellariae has the defects of less and irregular seedling emergence and long time from planting to harvesting. Therefore, the modern agricultural technology is necessary to be combined, the planting technology is improved on the basis of the traditional planting technology, and the yield and income are increased according to local conditions.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects, the invention provides the radix pseudostellariae planting method which is high in reproduction rate, high in quality and the like.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a high-yield cultivation method of radix pseudostellariae comprises the following steps: selecting land, preparing land, planting, managing, and pouring nutrient solution regularly after the seedlings of the radix pseudostellariae emerge;
the nutrient solution is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 portions of water, 10 to 15 portions of cane sugar, 2 to 3 portions of inositol, 0.1 to 0.2 portion of kinetin, 0.1 to 0.3 portion of potassium nitrate, 0.3 to 0.6 portion of magnesium sulfate, 0.2 to 0.4 portion of ammonium phosphate, 0.01 to 0.02 portion of boric acid, 0.06 to 0.08 portion of zinc sulfate and 0.02 to 0.04 portion of ferric sulfide.
In order to improve the yield of the radix pseudostellariae, the method for cultivating the radix pseudostellariae is optimized, and the growth vigor and the disease resistance of the radix pseudostellariae are further improved in a mode of pouring the nutrient solution. Therefore, the inventor carries out systematic research on the influence of different nutrient elements on the fertility of the radix pseudostellariae root and the enrichment of effective components and the overall effect of the compound of different nutrient elements, and searches through large-scale experiments: the formula of the nutrient solution capable of obviously improving the yield of the medicinal parts of the radix pseudostellariae is found, the preparation method of the formula is simple, and the raw materials are easy to obtain.
Preferably, the nutrient solution consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 portions of water, 110 portions of cane sugar, 2 portions to 2.5 portions of inositol, 0.1 portion to 0.15 portion of kinetin, 0.1 portion to 0.2 portion of potassium nitrate, 0.3 portion to 0.45 portion of magnesium sulfate, 0.2 portion to 0.3 portion of ammonium phosphate, 0.01 portion to 0.015 portion of boric acid, 0.06 portion to 0.07 portion of zinc sulfate and 0.02 portion to 0.03 portion of ferric sulfide.
Preferably, the nutrient solution consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 120 parts of 110-organic materials of water, 12-15 parts of cane sugar, 2.5-3 parts of inositol, 0.15-0.2 part of kinetin, 0.2-0.3 part of potassium nitrate, 0.45-0.6 part of magnesium sulfate, 0.3-0.4 part of ammonium phosphate, 0.015-0.02 part of boric acid, 0.07-0.08 part of zinc sulfate and 0.03-0.04 part of ferric sulfide.
Preferably, the concrete steps of selecting the land are as follows: selecting loam in southwest or southeast slope direction, wherein the annual average temperature range is 20-32 ℃, the elevation is 1100-1300 m, and the organic carbon content of the soil is 0-1.7 wt%;
preferably, the average rainfall in 12 months locally is 22-31 mm.
Preferably, the land preparation comprises the following specific steps: and (3) cultivating the selected land, wherein the cultivation depth is 20-25 cm, leveling to form a compartment after ploughing the land, the length is determined according to land blocks, the width is 1-1.5 m, the depth of the ditch is 20-25 cm, and the depth of the ditch in the flat land is 25-30 cm. 3000kg of farmyard manure is applied to each mu.
Preferably, the planting method comprises the specific steps of planting root tubers, ①, selecting large and tidy radix pseudostellariae root tubers with complete buds as much as possible for seed propagation, planting ② in the late 10 th to the early 11 th months by a drill method, placing the radix pseudostellariae with the roots (buds) facing upwards, planting at the depth of 7-10 cm, covering soil and compacting the surface soil.
Preferably, the specific steps of the management are as follows: after the seedlings emerge in spring, carrying out primary ridging, wherein the ridging thickness is about 1cm, weeding and topdressing in time, and stopping after 5 middle ten days.
Preferably, the time interval of the regular nutrient solution pouring is once in one month and is up to 5 months.
Preferably, the row spacing of the radix pseudostellariae planting is 13cm, the furrow depth is about 10cm, and the plant spacing is 5 cm.
The invention also provides application of the nutrient solution in promoting the accumulation of the weight of the roots of the radix pseudostellariae and the enrichment of effective ingredients of the roots, which is characterized in that the effective ingredients comprise: cyclic peptide B, polysaccharide and total saponin;
the nutrient solution is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 portions of water, 10 to 15 portions of cane sugar, 2 to 3 portions of inositol, 0.1 to 0.2 portion of kinetin, 0.1 to 0.3 portion of potassium nitrate, 0.3 to 0.6 portion of magnesium sulfate, 0.2 to 0.4 portion of ammonium phosphate, 0.01 to 0.02 portion of boric acid, 0.06 to 0.08 portion of zinc sulfate and 0.02 to 0.04 portion of ferric sulfide.
The invention has the advantages of
(1) The invention saves labor and time and effectively utilizes the land space by proper close planting. Shallow ploughing after seedling emergence in spring is favorable for growth of root tuber, and can ensure that the soil fertility is continuously and efficiently utilized by matching with additional fertilization; the work of preventing plant diseases and insect pests is well done in the soil preparation period, the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests in the growth and development period is reduced, and the subsequent field management is facilitated; on the basis of combining the field planting technology with the greenhouse planting technology, the yield per mu of the dry product at the medicinal parts can be improved by about 30 percent compared with the control, the yield value is increased, and the content of the main active ingredients is increased by 1 percent.
(2) The nutrient solution is regularly irrigated to the radix pseudostellariae after seedling emergence, which is beneficial to enhancing the growth and disease resistance of the radix pseudostellariae and is beneficial to the enrichment of the root and the effective components.
(3) The planting method is simple, high in yield, strong in practicability and easy to popularize.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
Example 1
In the experimental field of the radix pseudostellariae medicinal material in the embodiment, the altitude is 103.10m, the rainfall in 12 months is 25mm, the annual average temperature difference variation range is 31.1 ℃, the soil is loam, and the pH value is 5.4.
The implementation case is carried out through four parts of reasonable soil preparation, planting, fertilization and field management according to the following steps:
land preparation: after selection, cultivation is carried out before the bottom of 10 months, shallow cultivation is carried out after seedling trimming in the second year, the width of a soil preparation working compartment is 1m before planting, the cultivation depth is 20cm, water accumulation in rain seasons is avoided, and the depth of a flat land and a ditch is 25 cm.
Planting: the row spacing between radix Pseudostellariae root tuber is 10cm × 20cm, the furrow depth is about 10cm, root tuber is placed every 5cm, the planting depth is 7cm, mulching film is covered, and surface soil is compacted.
Intertillage weeding and topdressing: carrying out one-time shallow intertillage in time after seedling alignment, carrying out 1-time weeding and topdressing, wherein the fertilizer adopts biogas slurry or fully decomposed human and animal excrement, the using amount of the biogas slurry or fully decomposed human and animal excrement is 2.0 t/mu, and the fertilizer application method carries out splashing application according to the equal ratio of fertilizer to water so as to promote the seedlings to grow strong; removing weeds when the weeds are seen in the later period, keeping the field free of weeds, and stopping weeding until the last ten days of May.
Ridging: after seedling emergence in spring, the soil for dredging the ditches is uniformly scattered beside the plants for hilling, which is favorable for root growth and development. The thickness of the hilling soil is 1.0 cm.
Fertilizing: preparing nutrient solution after seedling emergence in spring, wherein the nutrient solution is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: 100 portions of water, 10 to 15 portions of cane sugar, 2 to 3 portions of inositol, 0.1 to 0.2 portion of kinetin (6-furfuryl aminopurine), 0.1 to 0.3 portion of potassium nitrate, 0.3 to 0.6 portion of magnesium sulfate, 0.2 to 0.4 portion of ammonium phosphate, 0.01 to 0.02 portion of boric acid, 0.06 to 0.08 portion of zinc sulfate and 0.02 to 0.04 portion of ferric sulfide. Watering once in one month after seedling emergence till 5 months;
field management: and in 3-5 months, ditching, draining, waterlogging prevention and irrigation prevention are needed in rainy seasons, and water is sprayed for irrigation in dry seasons to keep soil moist.
Example 2
The planting technology of the radix pseudostellariae medicinal materials in the greenhouse experimental area comprises the following steps.
Setting a four-ridge greenhouse, wherein the length of the greenhouse is 45m, the width of the greenhouse is 9cm, and applying 0.5kg/m of farmyard manure2And 2kg/m2After the organic fertilizer is applied, soil is prepared and furrows are made, the width of the furrow surface is 1.5m, the width of the furrow road is 0.5m, the illumination intensity in the shed is 10Klx, and the temperature is controlled to be 20-25 ℃.
Selecting radix Pseudostellariae with thick root tuber and complete bud, planting root tuber every 5cm, planting depth of 7cm, covering with mulching film, and compacting surface soil.
Controlling the temperature of the greenhouse at 20-25 ℃, removing the mulching film after seedling emergence, watering once a month, and removing weeds in time;
after seedling emergence, a prepared nutrient solution is regularly applied every month, and the preparation of the nutrient solution comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 100 portions of water, 10 to 15 portions of cane sugar, 2 to 3 portions of inositol, 0.1 to 0.2 portion of kinetin (6-furfuryl aminopurine), 0.1 to 0.3 portion of potassium nitrate, 0.3 to 0.6 portion of magnesium sulfate, 0.2 to 0.4 portion of ammonium phosphate, 0.01 to 0.02 portion of boric acid, 0.06 to 0.08 portion of zinc sulfate and 0.02 to 0.04 portion of ferric sulfide. Watering once in one month after seedling emergence till 5 months;
and after the ground withers, the radix pseudostellariae root tuber can be harvested.
The method for planting the radix pseudostellariae in the greenhouse can fully utilize the heat preservation and moisture preservation characteristics of facilities, and the radix pseudostellariae is harvested about 20 days ahead of the normal field cultivation.
The results of the effective ingredients of the greenhouse radix pseudostellariae applied with the nutrient solution and the greenhouse radix pseudostellariae not applied with the nutrient solution (control group) in example 2 are compared as shown in the following table:
it should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and equivalents can be made in the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalents thereof. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Although the present invention has been described with reference to the specific embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A high-yield cultivation method of radix pseudostellariae is characterized by comprising the following steps: selecting land, preparing land, planting, managing, and pouring nutrient solution regularly after the seedlings of the radix pseudostellariae emerge;
the nutrient solution is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 portions of water, 10 to 15 portions of cane sugar, 2 to 3 portions of inositol, 0.1 to 0.2 portion of kinetin, 0.1 to 0.3 portion of potassium nitrate, 0.3 to 0.6 portion of magnesium sulfate, 0.2 to 0.4 portion of ammonium phosphate, 0.01 to 0.02 portion of boric acid, 0.06 to 0.08 portion of zinc sulfate and 0.02 to 0.04 portion of ferric sulfide.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the nutrient solution is comprised of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 portions of water, 110 portions of cane sugar, 2 portions to 2.5 portions of inositol, 0.1 portion to 0.15 portion of kinetin, 0.1 portion to 0.2 portion of potassium nitrate, 0.3 portion to 0.45 portion of magnesium sulfate, 0.2 portion to 0.3 portion of ammonium phosphate, 0.01 portion to 0.015 portion of boric acid, 0.06 portion to 0.07 portion of zinc sulfate and 0.02 portion to 0.03 portion of ferric sulfide.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the nutrient solution is comprised of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 120 parts of 110-organic materials of water, 12-15 parts of cane sugar, 2.5-3 parts of inositol, 0.15-0.2 part of kinetin, 0.2-0.3 part of potassium nitrate, 0.45-0.6 part of magnesium sulfate, 0.3-0.4 part of ammonium phosphate, 0.015-0.02 part of boric acid, 0.07-0.08 part of zinc sulfate and 0.03-0.04 part of ferric sulfide.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the specific steps of selecting the location are: selecting loam in southwest or southeast slope direction, wherein the annual average temperature range is 20-32 ℃, the elevation is 1100-1300 m, and the organic carbon content of the soil is 0-1.7 wt%; the average rainfall of 12 months in the local area is 22-31 mm.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the soil preparation comprises the following specific steps: and (3) cultivating the selected land, wherein the cultivation depth is 20-25 cm, leveling and compartment making are carried out after the land is ploughed, the length is determined according to land blocks, the width is 1-1.5 m, the furrow depth is 20-25 cm, the furrow depth on the flat ground is 25-30 cm, and 3000kg of farmyard manure is applied per mu.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the planting method comprises the specific steps of planting root tubers, ①, selecting large and tidy radix pseudostellariae root tubers with complete buds as possible for seed reproduction, ②, planting seeds in the late 10 th to the upper 11 th of the month by a drill method, placing the seeds with the roots (buds) facing upwards and the planting depth of 7-10 cm, covering soil and compacting the top soil.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the managing comprises the steps of: after the seedlings emerge in spring, carrying out primary ridging, wherein the ridging thickness is about 1cm, weeding and topdressing in time, and stopping after 5 middle ten days.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the periodic pouring of nutrient solution occurs at a time interval of up to 5 months from one month.
9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the radix pseudostellariae is planted at a row spacing of 13cm, a furrow depth of about 10cm, and a plant spacing of 5 cm.
10. The application of the nutrient solution in promoting the accumulation of the root weight of the radix pseudostellariae and the enrichment of effective ingredients of the root is characterized in that the effective ingredients comprise: cyclic peptide B, polysaccharide and total saponin;
the nutrient solution is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 portions of water, 10 to 15 portions of cane sugar, 2 to 3 portions of inositol, 0.1 to 0.2 portion of kinetin, 0.1 to 0.3 portion of potassium nitrate, 0.3 to 0.6 portion of magnesium sulfate, 0.2 to 0.4 portion of ammonium phosphate, 0.01 to 0.02 portion of boric acid, 0.06 to 0.08 portion of zinc sulfate and 0.02 to 0.04 portion of ferric sulfide.
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Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108713487A (en) * | 2018-06-08 | 2018-10-30 | 宁德师范学院 | A kind of method that numerous radix pseudostellariae virus-free seed ginseng is expanded in soilless culture |
| CN109601230A (en) * | 2019-01-23 | 2019-04-12 | 南通美日养中医药科技有限公司 | Yellow peach and radix pseudostellariae interplanting method |
| CN110679256B (en) * | 2019-11-01 | 2022-04-01 | 贵州金草海药材发展有限公司 | Fertilizing method for radix pseudostellariae and fertilizing fertilizer combination |
| CN112106613A (en) * | 2020-09-03 | 2020-12-22 | 贵州省施秉县万富农业科技发展有限公司 | Planting method for improving transplanting emergence rate of radix pseudostellariae |
| CN113173813A (en) * | 2021-06-04 | 2021-07-27 | 福建天人药业股份有限公司 | Radix pseudostellariae soilless culture nutrient solution and preparation method thereof |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1596597A (en) * | 2004-08-14 | 2005-03-23 | 贵州省黔东南州信邦中药饮片有限责任公司 | Standard planting method of radix pseudostellariae |
| CN107347413A (en) * | 2017-08-11 | 2017-11-17 | 合肥沁牧生态农业有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods for improving oenanthe stolonifera yield |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1596597A (en) * | 2004-08-14 | 2005-03-23 | 贵州省黔东南州信邦中药饮片有限责任公司 | Standard planting method of radix pseudostellariae |
| CN107347413A (en) * | 2017-08-11 | 2017-11-17 | 合肥沁牧生态农业有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods for improving oenanthe stolonifera yield |
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