CN111972230A

CN111972230A - Greenhouse tomato planting method

Info

Publication number: CN111972230A
Application number: CN202010919691.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈朝辉
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2020-09-04
Filing date: 2020-09-04
Publication date: 2020-11-24

Abstract

The invention discloses a greenhouse tomato planting method, and belongs to the technical field of greenhouse vegetable planting. The greenhouse tomato planting method is realized through five steps of greenhouse building, seedling raising, field planting management, field planting and water and fertilizer management. The invention improves the tomato crop yield, indirectly improves the nutritional requirement for the bean crops and promotes the corresponding improvement of the yield. In the invention, after the tomatoes and the soybean crops are used for relay intercropping, the number of emergence days is greatly shortened, and the yield reaches 97.6%. According to the greenhouse-planted tomato, the fruit color of the greenhouse-planted tomato is orange, the weight of a single tomato reaches 245.8-246.2 g, the hardness is 5.41-5.46, the quality guarantee period of the tomato is prolonged, the soluble solid content is 4.81-4.84, the disease incidence is only 3.89% -4.01%, the yield reaches 5012.35-5014.72 kg/mu, the yield is increased by 3.96-4.01%, and the economic benefit is remarkable.

Description

Greenhouse tomato planting method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of greenhouse vegetable planting, and particularly relates to a greenhouse tomato planting method.

Background

Tomato, is an annual or perennial herb of the order tubiform florae, family solanaceae, genus tomato. The current tomato cultivation mode mainly comprises facility cultivation and open field cultivation, but more tomatoes are planted in respective modes, the two planting modes are combined, and the tomato yield can be obviously improved, and the insect pest can be reduced.

The search of the existing literature finds that Chinese patent publication No. CN106034839A, a patent application of 2016, 10, 26 and discloses a greenhouse for tomato planting, and the patent literature mainly avoids the influence on the quality and yield of tomatoes caused by the influence of weather by arranging a greenhouse framework and a temperature control device. However, the patent document is not easy to control the temperature of the greenhouse and has a limited increase in the yield of tomatoes.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a greenhouse tomato planting method for reducing tomato plant diseases and insect pests and improving the yield of tomatoes.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a greenhouse tomato planting method comprises greenhouse building, seedling raising, field planting management, field planting and water and fertilizer management, and specifically comprises the following steps:

1) building a greenhouse: build the big-arch shelter on spacious soil, the left and right sides of big-arch shelter respectively is equipped with main bow member and vice bow member, top between main bow member and the vice bow member is connected with the longeron, the top of longeron is equipped with the film winding axle, the outside of film winding axle is equipped with heat preservation quilt and film in proper order, it is fixed through the jump ring with film winding axle to keep warm quilt and film, the intermediate position department of big-arch shelter is equipped with two beds of educating seedlings, it leaves spacious soil to educate between the bed of educating seedlings.

2) Seedling culture: placing the seeds in a container for low-temperature disinfection treatment, soaking the disinfected seeds in sweet wormwood herb leaching liquor, then placing the seeds on a seedling bed for seedling culture treatment, laying a layer of film on the seedling bed, fertilizing after 3-5 days of seedling culture, controlling the temperature to be 18-20 ℃ in the daytime and the temperature to be 12-14 ℃ at night after seedling emergence, separating the seedlings when two true leaves grow out from the seedlings, and controlling water and hardening the seedlings in one week before field planting.

3) Managing a planting place: spreading quicklime powder into a field, irrigating and soaking for 4-5 days, disinfecting soil, draining water, drying in the sun, mechanically ploughing and turning soil for 20-30 cm, mixing 2000-2600 kg of organic fertilizer, 2000kg of rice hull manure and 100kg of compound fertilizer, applying the mixture to the field, mixing the mixture with turned subsoil, and raking the mixture to form a ridge, wherein the length x width is 10-12 x 2-4 m;

4) planting: the cultivated seedlings with root system soil are fixedly planted on the land between seedling raising beds, the row spacing of the fixedly planted seedlings is 40-45 multiplied by 50-55 cm, the seedlings are filled with soil and compacted, the soil is watered thoroughly, the field planting is not ventilated for 1-2 days, the indoor daytime temperature is 26-28 ℃, the nighttime temperature is 14-16 ℃, then the heat preservation quilt and the thin film above the film rolling shaft are pulled open, small gaps of 5-8 cm are exposed, ventilation treatment is carried out, meanwhile, a small amount of liquid fertilizer is sprayed, the seedlings are transplanted into a field after seedling delay, beans are interplanted after 10-20 days, and bee pollination and artificial bagging pollination treatment are carried out on tomato seedlings.

5) And (3) water and fertilizer management: and after seedling buffering, watering and field planting for one-time watering, after the first cluster fruit is seated, additionally applying 20kg of compound fertilizer per mu with water, and after the second cluster fruit is seated, additionally applying 20kg of compound fertilizer with water.

Further, the heat preservation quilt and the thin film are controlled by a motor through a film winding shaft.

Further, the distance between the seedling beds is 3-4 times of the distance between the seedling beds and the main arch frame.

Further, the temperature of low-temperature treatment in the seedling raising step is 0-6 ℃.

Further, the mass ratio of the sweet wormwood herb leaching liquor to the seeds is 40-50: 1.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1) according to the invention, the heat preservation quilt and the thin film are arranged on the top layer of the greenhouse, so that the influence of cold weather on tomatoes can be prevented, the heat preservation quilt and the thin film can be automatically controlled through the film rolling shaft and the motor, and the minimum difference of the temperature and the humidity inside and outside the greenhouse can be ensured.

2) The invention improves the tomato crop yield, indirectly improves the nutritional requirement for the bean crops and promotes the corresponding improvement of the yield.

3) In the invention, after the tomatoes and the soybean crops are used for relay intercropping, the number of emergence days is greatly shortened, and the yield reaches 97.6%.

4) According to the greenhouse-planted tomato, the fruit color of the greenhouse-planted tomato is orange, the weight of a single tomato reaches 245.8-246.2 g, the hardness is 5.41-5.46, the quality guarantee period of the tomato is prolonged, the soluble solid content is 4.81-4.84, the disease incidence is only 3.89% -4.01%, the yield reaches 5012.35-5014.72 kg/mu, the yield is increased by 3.96-4.01%, and the economic benefit is remarkable.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a greenhouse in the planting method of greenhouse tomatoes of the invention.

Detailed Description

The following detailed description of embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

Example 1:

1) building a greenhouse: build the big-arch shelter on spacious soil, the left and right sides of big-arch shelter respectively is equipped with main bow member and vice bow member, top between main bow member and the vice bow member is connected with the longeron, the top of longeron is equipped with the film winding axle, the outside of film winding axle is equipped with heat preservation quilt and film in proper order, it is fixed through the jump ring with film winding axle to keep warm quilt and film, the intermediate position department of big-arch shelter is equipped with two beds of educating seedlings, it leaves spacious soil to educate between the bed of educating seedlings. The heat preservation quilt and the thin film are controlled by a motor through a film rolling shaft. The distance between the seedling beds is 3 times of the distance between the seedling beds and the main arch frame.

2) Seedling culture: and (2) placing the seeds in a container for low-temperature disinfection treatment, wherein the low-temperature treatment temperature is 0 ℃, soaking the disinfected seeds by utilizing sweet wormwood herb leach liquor, and the mass ratio of the sweet wormwood herb leach liquor to the seeds is 4-50: 1. And then placing the seedlings on a seedling bed for seedling culture treatment, paving a layer of film on the seedling bed, fertilizing after seedling culture for 5 days, controlling the temperature to be 18 ℃ in the daytime and 12 ℃ at night after seedling emergence, dividing the seedlings when the seedlings grow two true leaves, and controlling water and hardening the seedlings in one week before field planting.

3) Managing a planting place: spreading quicklime powder into a field, irrigating and soaking for 4 days, disinfecting soil, draining water, drying in the sun, mechanically ploughing and turning soil for 20cm, mixing 2000kg of organic fertilizer, 2000kg of rice hull manure and 100kg of compound fertilizer, applying the mixture to the field, mixing the mixture with the turned soil, and raking the mixture to form furrows, wherein the length x width of the furrows is 10 x-4 m;

4) planting: the cultivated seedlings with root system soil are fixedly planted on the land between seedling raising beds, the row spacing of the planted seedlings is 40 multiplied by 50cm, the planted seedlings are watered thoroughly after being filled with soil and compacted, the planted seedlings are not ventilated for 1 day, the indoor daytime temperature is 26 ℃, the nighttime temperature is 14 ℃, then the heat preservation quilt and the film above the film rolling shaft are pulled open, small gaps of 8cm are exposed, ventilation treatment is carried out, a small amount of liquid fertilizer is sprayed, the seedlings are transplanted into the field after seedling delay, bean crops are interplanted after 10 days of transplantation, and bee pollination and artificial bagging pollination treatment are carried out on tomato seedlings.

Example 2

1) building a greenhouse: build the big-arch shelter on spacious soil, the left and right sides of big-arch shelter respectively is equipped with main bow member and vice bow member, top between main bow member and the vice bow member is connected with the longeron, the top of longeron is equipped with the film winding axle, the outside of film winding axle is equipped with heat preservation quilt and film in proper order, it is fixed through the jump ring with film winding axle to keep warm quilt and film, the intermediate position department of big-arch shelter is equipped with two beds of educating seedlings, it leaves spacious soil to educate between the bed of educating seedlings. The heat preservation quilt and the thin film are controlled by a motor through a film rolling shaft. The distance between the seedling raising beds is 3.5-4 times of the distance between the seedling beds and the main arch frame.

2) Seedling culture: placing the seeds in a container for low-temperature disinfection treatment, wherein the low-temperature treatment temperature is 3 ℃, soaking the disinfected seeds by utilizing sweet wormwood herb leach liquor, and the mass ratio of the sweet wormwood herb leach liquor to the seeds is 45: 1. And then placing the seedlings on a seedling bed for seedling culture treatment, paving a layer of film on the seedling bed, fertilizing after 4 days of seedling culture, controlling the temperature to be 19 ℃ in the daytime and 13 ℃ at night after seedling emergence, dividing the seedlings when the seedlings grow two true leaves, and controlling water and hardening the seedlings for one week before field planting.

3) Managing a planting place: spreading quicklime powder into a field, irrigating and soaking for 4 days, disinfecting soil, draining water, drying in the sun, mechanically ploughing and turning over the soil by 25cm, mixing 2300kg of organic fertilizer, 2000kg of rice hull manure and 100kg of compound fertilizer, applying the mixture to the field, mixing the mixture with the turned-up subsoil, and raking the mixture to form a ridge, wherein the length x the width is 11 x 3 m;

4) planting: the cultivated seedlings with root system soil are fixedly planted on the land between seedling raising beds, the row spacing of the planted seedlings is 43 multiplied by 53cm, the planted seedlings are watered thoroughly after being filled with soil and compacted, the planted seedlings are not ventilated for 1 day, the indoor daytime temperature is 27 ℃, the nighttime temperature is 15 ℃, then the heat preservation quilt and the film above the film rolling shaft are pulled apart, small gaps of 6cm are exposed, ventilation treatment is carried out, a small amount of liquid fertilizer is sprayed, the seedlings are transplanted into a field after seedling delay, bean crops are interplanted after 15 days of transplantation, and bee pollination and artificial bagging pollination treatment are carried out on tomato seedlings.

Example 3

1) building a greenhouse: build the big-arch shelter on spacious soil, the left and right sides of big-arch shelter respectively is equipped with main bow member and vice bow member, top between main bow member and the vice bow member is connected with the longeron, the top of longeron is equipped with the film winding axle, the outside of film winding axle is equipped with heat preservation quilt and film in proper order, it is fixed through the jump ring with film winding axle to keep warm quilt and film, the intermediate position department of big-arch shelter is equipped with two beds of educating seedlings, it leaves spacious soil to educate between the bed of educating seedlings. The heat preservation quilt and the thin film are controlled by a motor through a film rolling shaft. The distance between the seedling beds is 4 times of the distance between the seedling beds and the main arch frame.

2) Seedling culture: placing the seeds in a container for low-temperature disinfection treatment, wherein the low-temperature treatment temperature is 6 ℃, soaking the disinfected seeds by utilizing sweet wormwood herb leach liquor, and the mass ratio of the sweet wormwood herb leach liquor to the seeds is 50: 1. And then placing the seedlings on a seedling bed for seedling culture treatment, paving a layer of film on the seedling bed, fertilizing after 5 days of seedling culture, controlling the temperature to be 20 ℃ in the daytime and 12-14 ℃ at night after seedling emergence, dividing the seedlings when the seedlings grow two true leaves, and controlling water and hardening the seedlings for one week before field planting.

3) Managing a planting place: spreading quicklime powder into a field, irrigating for 4-5 days, disinfecting soil, draining water, drying in the sun, mechanically ploughing and turning soil for 30cm, mixing organic fertilizer 2600kg, rice hull manure 2000kg and compound fertilizer 100kg, applying the mixture to the field, mixing the mixture with turned bottom soil, and raking the mixture to form a furrow with the length multiplied by the width of 12 multiplied by 4 m;

4) planting: the cultivated seedlings with root system soil are fixedly planted on the land between seedling raising beds, the row spacing of the planted seedlings is 45 x 55cm, the planted seedlings are watered thoroughly after being filled with soil and compacted, the planted seedlings are not ventilated for 2 days, the indoor daytime temperature is 28 ℃, the nighttime temperature is 16 ℃, then the heat preservation quilt and the film above the film rolling shaft are pulled apart, small gaps of 8cm are exposed, ventilation treatment is carried out, a small amount of liquid fertilizer is sprayed, the seedlings are transplanted into the field after seedling delay, bean crops are interplanted after 20 days of transplantation, and bee pollination and artificial bagging pollination treatment are carried out on tomato seedlings.

Experimental example:

first, tomatoes were interplanted with soybean crops in outdoor fields, and the effect on the emergence of tomatoes is shown in table 1:

item	Date of emergence	Days of emergence (d)	Percent yield (%)
				Single job	3-10	9	90.4
Intercropping	3-13	6	97.6

As can be seen from Table 1, the number of emergence days is greatly shortened and the yield reaches 97.6% after the relay intercropping of tomatoes and soybean crops is utilized in the invention.

Secondly, the influence of greenhouse planting of tomatoes on the yield, quality and pest and disease damage of tomatoes is shown in table 2:

as can be seen from Table 2, the tomatoes planted in the greenhouse have orange fruit color, the weight of a single tomato reaches 245.8-246.2 g, the hardness is 5.41-5.46, the shelf life of the tomatoes is prolonged, the soluble solid content is 4.81-4.84, the morbidity is only 3.89-4.01%, the yield reaches 5012.35-5014.72 kg/mu, the yield is increased by 3.96-4.01%, and the economic benefit is remarkable.

Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments or portions thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A greenhouse tomato planting method comprises greenhouse building, seedling raising, field planting management, field planting and water and fertilizer management, and is characterized in that:

building a greenhouse: the method comprises the following steps of building a greenhouse on open land, wherein a main arch frame and an auxiliary arch frame are arranged on the left side and the right side of the greenhouse respectively, a longitudinal beam is connected above the space between the main arch frame and the auxiliary arch frame, a film rolling shaft is arranged above the longitudinal beam, a heat preservation quilt and a film are sequentially arranged on the outer side of the film rolling shaft, the heat preservation quilt and the film are fixed with the film rolling shaft through clamp springs, two seedling raising beds are arranged in the middle of the greenhouse, and the open land is reserved between the seedling raising beds;

the seedling raising step comprises: placing the seeds in a container for low-temperature disinfection treatment, soaking the disinfected seeds in sweet wormwood herb extract, then placing the seeds on a seedling bed for seedling culture treatment, laying a layer of film on the seedling bed, fertilizing after 3-5 days of seedling culture, controlling the temperature to be 18-20 ℃ in the daytime and the temperature to be 12-14 ℃ at night, separating the seedlings when the seedlings grow two true leaves, and controlling water and hardening the seedlings for one week before field planting;

the planting step: the cultivated seedlings with root system soil are fixedly planted on the land between seedling raising beds, the row spacing of the fixedly planted seedlings is 40-45 multiplied by 50-55 cm, the seedlings are filled with soil and compacted, the soil is watered thoroughly, the field planting is not ventilated for 1-2 days, the indoor daytime temperature is 26-28 ℃, the nighttime temperature is 14-16 ℃, then the heat preservation quilt and the thin film above the film rolling shaft are pulled open, small gaps of 5-8 cm are exposed, ventilation treatment is carried out, meanwhile, a small amount of liquid fertilizer is sprayed, the seedlings are transplanted into a field after seedling delay, beans are interplanted after 10-20 days, and bee pollination and artificial bagging pollination treatment are carried out on tomato seedlings.

2. The method for planting greenhouse tomatoes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the heat-insulating quilt and the film are controlled by a motor through a film winding shaft.

3. The method for planting greenhouse tomatoes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the distance between the seedling beds is 3-4 times the distance between the seedling bed and the main arch.

4. The method for planting greenhouse tomatoes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the temperature of the low temperature treatment in the seedling growing step is 0-6 ℃.

5. The planting method of greenhouse tomatoes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of the sweet wormwood leaching liquor to seeds is 40-50: 1.