CN100579359C - Method for artificial breeding and planting rauvolfia vomitoria afzel - Google Patents
Method for artificial breeding and planting rauvolfia vomitoria afzel Download PDFInfo
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- CN100579359C CN100579359C CN200710066137A CN200710066137A CN100579359C CN 100579359 C CN100579359 C CN 100579359C CN 200710066137 A CN200710066137 A CN 200710066137A CN 200710066137 A CN200710066137 A CN 200710066137A CN 100579359 C CN100579359 C CN 100579359C
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Abstract
The invention relates to an artificial propagation of seed and planting method of emetic radix rauvolfiae verticillatae. The artificial germchit is obtained through pregermination, semination, germinating bin management, transplant, transplant management and so on. Furthermore, the artificial planted emetic radix rauvolfiae verticillatae fruit is onbtained through artificial cultivation, field management and main pest control. Through the planting method of the invention, the large-scale production of emetic radix rauvolfiae verticillatae is achieved, the problem of shortage of resources is resolved, and the adequate raw materials are provided for the society. With the method of the invention, the reproductive survival rate is higher and the growing status of plant cultivating is excellent. Because the appropriate fertilizer and water conditions and ecological environment are are applied, the yearly transplanting seedlings are in blossom and fruiting during that year. With a long fruit period, an excellent harvest can be obtained.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the plant planting technical field, specifically artificial numerous kind and the kind method for planting of Rauwolfia vomitoria Afzelius.
Background technology
Rauwolfia vomitoria Afzelius (Rauyolftoria vomitoria Afzel ex spreng) another name: African devilpepper, arbor devilpepper, Man Shan end dragon (Dai Nationality's language).Being Apocynaceae machaka or dungarunga, is a kind of rare natural medicinal plant, originates in Tropical Africa Ghana.Introduce a fine variety provinces and regions such as sixties Yunnan Province of China, Guangdong, Guangxi, Zhejiang.Be used as medicine with root, stem skin, leaf.Esidri in the root, the sharp alkaloid such as new of canescine, yohimbine, a one yohimbine, sarpagine, Armagh.Reserpine has calmness, hypotensive effect, cures mainly hypertension, and leaf has emetic action, discharge function, and the stem skin has antipyretic and antidote functions.
The contained composition of devilpepper studies show that except the treatment high blood pressure, cranial vascular disease is also had curative effect preferably through modern medicine.The pre-peaceful liberation period China's depressor---the effective ingredient " serpina " of devilpepper is mainly from India's import.The fifties China botanist in the Simao, Yunnan, Jinghong, Lincang one band finds that devilpepper identifies that through the medicine chemical examination contained step-down composition is than not bad from India's import " serpina ", the little and safety of side effect is called verticilum.Country begins to purchase devilpepper; start the upsurge of excavating wild devilpepper; owing to excavate in a large number, wild devilpepper resource faces to go out and exhausts, the raw material critical shortage; wild devilpepper resource is ordered to protect by the eighties country; carry out artificial planting, but for various reasons, particularly some technical barriers do not break through as yet; therefore, the very fragmentary scale that do not form of the plantation of devilpepper so far.Because the increase of raw materials requirement amount.The particularly formation of the international medical consumer environment of " back to nature " only depends on wild resource to be difficult to satisfy the needs that medical industry is produced depressor,
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of artificial numerous kind and kind method for planting that carries out the Rauwolfia vomitoria Afzelius of implant mass.
The kind method for planting of Rauwolfia vomitoria Afzelius of the present invention mainly contains two kinds: the one, and vegetative propagation (cuttage), the 2nd, seminal propagation, more employing seed seedling-raising in the production.
One, seed seedling-raising:
1. germination bed is made: general bed surface is wide one meter, and length is decided on landform, deep-cuts the 15-20 centimetre through fully being exposed to the sun, and smoulders with inflammable straw, smashes leveling, and the edge is high about 5 centimeters;
2. the bud bed surface is long-pending determines: the Rauwolfia vomitoria Afzelius seed sampling claims thousand kernel weight, about 33878 of per kilogram seed, and by every square of 0.35 kilogram of seeding quantity (about 11864), every square of 2372 seedlings (emergence rate generally reaches about 20%) of emerging are determined the germination bed area;
3. sowing:
3.1. the seed treatment before the sowing: break seed dormancy, could improve seed germination rate, because the kind shell is hard, be not easy to imbibition simultaneously, generally adopt warm water (40 ℃) seed soaking to handle, soak seed to drag for after 24 hours to remove and dry, can sow;
3.2. husky bed is prepared: water irrigates the seedbed, and the 3 centimeters thick Jiang Sha in upper berth, seedbed catch up with flat then;
3.3. evenly sowing: for guaranteeing each square unanimity of emerging, rare close unanimity is cultivated strong sprout, and the seedbed single-candidate is divided into one square, claims kind to each square evenly sowing back and forth;
3.4. the husky 1-2 centimetre in sowing bonnet river, seed does not expose, and covers sterile-processed straw 3-5 centimetre again, fully waters and irrigates the seedbed, puts up the little shed of plastics;
4. germination bed management
4.1. after planting must check No. one time germination bed every day, water clean water in right amount;
4.2. add a cover shading screen behind the seed sprouting, progressively pick up except that mulching straw and weeds;
4.3. prevention and elimination of disease and pests: insect pest is taked to lure and is catched and killed, brown sugar: vinegar: wheat=0.2: 0.1: 1, in complete, spray medicine control ant around the Le Siben; Diseases prevention mainly is a damping off, sprays with carbendazim dilute with water 1: 800-1000 times liquid;
Transplant seedlings the standard of transplanting seedlings 4.4. reach the transplanting standard: 3 centimeters of plant heights (1-2 is to true leaf) in batches.
Two, bag seedling and bareroot seedling are transplanted:
The bag seedling: nutritious bag specification 12 * 16 (centimetre); Nutritive soil preparation: the mountain forest humus soil adds the pig manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed, sheep excrement, nutritious bag of 2% fused calcium magnesium phosphate and 5-8% by wide one meter, and close proximity is arranged;
2. bareroot seedling: select fertile sandy loam with growing seedlings, one meter of moisture in the soil face width, length is decided on the plot, early ploughs deeply the 20-25 centimetre, fully be exposed to the sun through the Winter-Spring, vegetable soil is had ready conditions through smouldering or the moisture in the soil face waters and executes liquid dung clearly, before the whole ground with zineb or 1: 800 times of sterilization of carbendazim, smash leveling moisture in the soil face, the 3-4 month transplants seedlings, and transplants specification: 10 centimeters of line-spacings, 5 centimeters of spacing in the rows;
3. transplanting and management: be that bag seedling or bareroot seedling all will be put up little shed, transplant seedlings the time, transplant seedlings before at 11 in the fine morning or after at 4 in afternoon, the cloudy day whole day is transplanted seedlings, and should water nutritious bag, bareroot seedling ground the previous day of transplanting seedlings earlier, and transplanting depth is no more than cotyledon, transplant and finish to put up little shed, epiphragma heats, and burns seedling for preventing burning sun high temperature, the shady net of lid layer, simultaneously, every day, 4 of 12 points-afternoon were opened two film, looked the upgrowth situation of seedling about the epiphragma first quarter moon, threw off film and shady net; Watering 1-2 time every day at least in the back of transplanting seedlings, looks weather condition, soil regime determines to water number of times; Transplant seedlings after a week, in time the fill a vacancy pool and weeding, water) or impose composite fertilizer's (N-P-K content 45%) seedling survives and executes the liquid dung 1: 10 of once becoming thoroughly decomposed clearly (liquid dung: behind the first quarter moon, the every strain 4-6 of bag seedling grain, execute around the bag, seedling goes out before the garden, executes disposable fertilizer with urea or general calcium.
In the overall process of growing seedlings, strengthen extermination of disease and insect pest work, damping off particularly, in case the discovery damping off reduces the number of times that waters, and pulls out diseased plant, wash one's hands after pulling out, reduce shade rate, adopt the doubly continuous control of zineb or carbendazim dilute with water 1: 800-1000 2-3 time, find that ant, leaf roller etc. adopt 1: 1000 times of liquid control of complete middle dilute with water;
4. nursery stock standard:
The bag seedling: plant height 10-15 centimetre, the thick 0.12-0.2 centimetre of stem, blade 4-5 is right;
Bareroot seedling: plant height 15-20 centimetre, the thick 0.2-0.3 centimetre of stem, blade 4-6 is right.
Need at nursery lot 8-9 month to going out the garden transplanting from planting seed.
Three, vegetative propagation cuttage: with annotinous branch and 2 years livings branches all can, for well, at least two save branch length with three joints, with February, March, April be the best cuttage phase, two kinds of ground seedling cuttage and nutritious bag cuttages all can (seedling cost lower).
Four, the cultivating and growing of Rauwolfia vomitoria Afzelius
1) the selected and excavation of milpa: select 1002 meters above sea level, 21.3 ℃ of average temperatures of the whole year, frostless substantially all the year round, the soil of annual rainfall medicine 1400mm; Cultivate the field and press the contour excavation, field planting pool excavation standard: 40 * 40 * 40 (centimetres), 0.25 kilogram of the plain fertilizer of yeast-like fungi is executed on (the first tenday period of a month in May) time pool before rainy season, every pool, and abundant and soil is mixed thoroughly;
2) transplant density: transplant density 1 * 0.5～1.4 (rice), mu is planted 475～1332 strains;
3) transplant planting: soil moisture is moderate before the field planting, preferred field planting strong sprout, trimming leaf before the bareroot seedling field planting, the root comb is grown during field planting, and long root can be wiped out, and the degree of depth on the pool guarantees the long degree of depth of root, compacting during earthing (in order to avoid the loosing soil water evaporates is fast, the seedling dehydration is thirst).
4) field management: transplanting 1 year is the key of intertillage management, and necessary intertill and clean tillage is more than 2 times, for the first time in conjunction with 10 kilograms of intertill and clean tillage late June mu sealing fertilizers (NPK content 45%); For the second time late August intertill and clean tillage once.
5) main diseases pest control
The main disease of Rauwolfia vomitoria Afzelius is the damping off of seedling phase, and anthracnose (Colletotrichumgloeosporloides pens) sporadicly takes place, dark mildew (Gapnadium sp Meliola sp); Main insect pest: the dark wing tube of black tail longicorn (Oberes fascipennism hoioxantha Fuirm) (larva is unbearable), seedling that main harm is transplanted then and veteran spray.Avoid the transplanting of larva hazard boom phase, adopt the control of 1000 times of sprays of Le Sibenjia water cane before the seedling replanting and behind the seedling replanting 6-7 month, prevented once in per 10 days.
Five, Rauwolfia vomitoria Afzelius seed collection and processing, preservation: the Rauwolfia vomitoria Afzelius seedling raising and transplanting was yielded positive results in 1 year, and the florescence is long, and the fruit phase is long, and the 8-10 month in the full bearing period, bisque mellow fruit will be gathered in batches, and maturation is a collection of gathers a collection ofly, processes a collection ofly, and it is a collection of to dry in the shade.Process technology: mellow fruit is put into sack or trailing plants frame heap was sealed 1-2 days adopting back, the fermentation decortication, pour big basin into, add kitchen range ash or fine sand, artificial rubbing peeling, again and again rubbing decortication, clean, below full seed sinks to, drag for and remove floating pericarp and seed on the whole, full seed is cleaned dry in the shade, dry in the shade and to stir several times every day phase, avoid the mold of seed, lost germination rate.Seed store method: adopt damp sand to preserve.
Six, the planting density of relevant Rauwolfia vomitoria Afzelius test
Reasonably group structure is the key that obtains maximum output and economic benefit.The test of Rauwolfia vomitoria Afzelius planting density has been carried out in my field.
Test is handled: divide two groups, one group of high density test mu is planted 1332 strains, seeding row spacing 1 * 0.5 (rice), area: 0.75 mu, plant several 1000 strains of strain in fact.Two groups of yielding ability density test mus are planted 666 strains, seeding row spacing 1 * 1 (rice), area: 0.75 mu, plant several 500 strains of strain in fact.
Dig pool specification: 40 * 40 * 40 centimeters, 666 kilograms of mu organic fertilizers, intertillage in 1 year 2 times, in conjunction with intertilling mu 10 kilograms of sealing fertilizers (NPK content 45%) for the first time, damage by disease and insect is not prevented and treated.
Transplant the date: on May 28th, 2003.The determination of yield date: on December 5th, 2004, growth cycle 18 months.The determination of yield project: the Rauwolfia vomitoria Afzelius dried root of part (be not with mud, be cut into small pieces, the dried root of airing) that buries, through practical measurement: the promptly dried root of Rauwolfia vomitoria Afzelius psychrometric ratio: wet root=1: 2.42, storage rate (through by the strain statistics) 91.3%.
The determination of yield result: random sampling, empty dig a strain every 2 strains, one group is dug altogether and surveys 31 strains, and the dried root of average every strain weighs 0.35 kilogram, 421.75 kilograms of dried roots of per mu yield (1332 strains * 91.3% * 0.35 kilogram/strain).Two groups are dug 2 strains altogether, and the dried root of average every strain weighs 0.37 kilogram, 224.9 kilograms of dried roots of per mu yield (666 strains * 91.3% * 0.37 kilogram/strain).
Result of the test shows: the one, transplant strong sprout, and irrigate not having, it is big to enter rainy season soil moisture, and June, early and middle ten days transplanting survival rate height managed with delicacy, and in time intertill and clean tillage topdresses, and storage rate is up to more than 90%.The 2nd, select about 1000 meters of height above sea level, fertile soil digs pool management conscientiously, uses sufficient base manure (harmless treatment).Well-grown.The 3rd, excavate best group structure of planting two anniversaries of the time limit at definite Rauwolfia vomitoria Afzelius, every mu guarantees to transplant 800 strains, can obtain dried root more than 400 kilograms.
For guaranteeing the sustainable use of this rare living resources, Simao City coffee teste demonstration field is under the cooperation of the biological development corporation, Ltd. of the big farming of Simao Diqu, carry out the Rauwolfia vomitoria Afzelius planting experiment from 2003, set up 100 mu Rauwolfia vomitoria Afzelius seed orchard, demonstration garden and variety source garden so far.According to incompletely statistics, 3500 mu of whole city's plantation Rauwolfia vomitoria Afzeliuss, wherein Lin Sheng plantation, Jiang Cheng county is 3000 mu, 300 mu in emerald green cloud sector, 200 mu of billows Cang Countys.Grow fine, plant successfully.
Six, the Rauwolfia vomitoria Afzelius principal character characteristic of the present invention's plantation
Morphological feature: high 5-8m, tool milk does not have hair.The leaf papery, 3-4 piece verticillate, rare to life.Ovum shape ellipse or lanceolar.Long 5-12cm, wide 3-6cm, lateral vein arc Qu Shangsheng, every limit 9-12 bar.Give birth on the cyme top; Calyx five splits, and sliver is in the form of a ring left-handed; Five pieces on stamen and is born in tube throat, and carpel is from life, and style stem expands, column cap club-like, orange colour when drupe is ripe, spheroidal.
Biological property: the observed and recorded of the flowering habit of Rauwolfia vomitoria Afzelius being made system: according to different fertilizer and water conditions and ecotope, transplanted seedling is yielded positive results then then, general late March to early April begins to budding, mid-April initial bloom stage, the florescence is long, at the beginning of early June the fruit phase, begin maturation mid-July, in the 8-10 maturing stage month, to by the end of November, the fruit phase is long.
Rauwolfia vomitoria Afzelius happiness high temperature, sunny, drought-enduring.About 60 meters of original producton location Ghana, height above sea level, 26 ℃ of average temperatures of the whole year, Yunnan growing area, average temperature of the whole year 21-23 ℃.Monthly mean temperature is not less than 15-20 ℃, and the energy normal growth is yielded positive results.Winter low temperature seasonal growth is slow, the low temperature light frost, and tender shoots, sprout leaf are subjected to cold damage, when temperature gos up, can restore normal growth.At annual rainfall 1000-1500 millimeter, height above sea level 500-1300 rice wide geographic area suitable planting.The Winter-Spring arid season is usually fallen leaves.
Of the present invention kind of method for planting realized urging the large-scale production of leaf devilpepper, solved the problem of shortage of resources, for society provides sufficient raw material supply.Method reproductive survival rate of the present invention is higher, and plant planting grows fine, owing to use suitable fertilizer and water condition and ecotope, a year transplanted seedling is yielded positive results then, and the fruit phase is long, can obtain harvest preferably.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
The kind method for planting of Rauwolfia vomitoria Afzelius is as follows:
One, seed seedling-raising:
1. germination bed is made: general bed surface is wide one meter, and length is decided on landform, deep-cuts the 15-20 centimetre through fully being exposed to the sun, and smoulders with inflammable straw, adds the material earthing while smouldering and smoulders, and smashes leveling, and the edge is high about 5 centimeters;
2. the bud bed surface is long-pending determines: the Rauwolfia vomitoria Afzelius seed sampling claims thousand kernel weight, about 33878 of per kilogram seed, and by every square of 0.35 kilogram of seeding quantity (about 11864), every square of 2372 seedlings (emergence rate generally reaches about 20%) of emerging are determined the germination bed area.
3. sowing:
3.1. the seed treatment before the sowing: generally adopt warm water (40 ℃) seed soaking to handle, soak seed to drag for after 24 hours to remove and dry, can sow;
3.2. husky bed is prepared: water irrigates the seedbed, and the 3 centimeters thick Jiang Sha in upper berth, seedbed catch up with flat then;
3.3. evenly sowing: for guaranteeing each square unanimity of emerging, rare close unanimity is cultivated strong sprout, and the seedbed single-candidate is divided into one square, claims kind to each square evenly sowing back and forth;
3.4. the husky 1-2 centimetre in sowing bonnet river is thick, seed does not expose, and it is thick to cover sterile-processed (with carbendazim or zineb) straw 3-5 centimetre again, fully waters and irrigates the seedbed, puts up the little shed of plastics;
4. germination bed management
4.1. after planting must check No. one time germination bed every day, water clean water in right amount;
4.2. add a cover shading screen behind the seed sprouting, progressively pick up except that mulching straw and weeds;
4.3. prevention and elimination of disease and pests: insect pest is taked to lure and is catched and killed, brown sugar: vinegar: wheat=0.2: 0.1: 1, in complete, spray medicine control ant around the Le Siben; Diseases prevention (mainly being damping off), with carbendazim (dilute with water) 1: 800-1000 times of liquid sprays;
Transplant seedlings the standard of transplanting seedlings 4.4. reach the transplanting standard: 3 centimeters of plant heights (1-2 is to true leaf) in batches.
Two, bag seedling and bareroot seedling are transplanted:
The bag seedling: nutritious bag specification 12 * 16 (centimetre); Nutritive soil preparation: the mountain forest humus soil adds the pig manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed, the sheep excrement of 2% fused calcium magnesium phosphate and 5-8%, and nutritious bag is put the close proximity arrangement by wide one meter;
2. bareroot seedling: select fertile sandy loam with growing seedlings, one meter of moisture in the soil face width, length is decided on the plot, early plough deeply the 20-25 centimetre, fully be exposed to the sun through the Winter-Spring, vegetable soil is had ready conditions through smouldering or the moisture in the soil face waters and executes liquid dung clearly, dilute by 1: 800 water with zineb or carbendazim before the whole ground, leveling moisture in the soil face is smashed in sterilization, and the 3-4 month transplants seedlings, transplant specification: 10 centimeters of line-spacings, 5 centimeters of spacing in the rows;
3. transplanting and management: be that bag seedling or bareroot seedling all will be put up little shed, transplant seedlings the time, transplant seedlings before at 11 in the fine morning or after at 4 in afternoon, cloudy day, whole day was transplanted seedlings, and should water nutritious bag the previous day of transplanting seedlings earlier, bareroot seedling ground, transplanting depth is no more than cotyledon, nutritious bag is transplanted and is wanted compacting to prevent to hang sky, dry weather is watered normal root water while transplanting, improve transplanting survival rate, promotes that early growth and quick tiller early goes out the garden, transplant and finish to put up little shed, epiphragma heats, and burns seedling for preventing burning sun high temperature, the shady net of lid layer, simultaneously, every day, 4 of 12 points-afternoon were opened two film, looked the upgrowth situation of seedling about the epiphragma first quarter moon, threw off film and shady net; Watering 1-2 time every day at least in the back of transplanting seedlings, looks weather condition, soil regime determines to water number of times; Transplant seedlings after a week, in time the fill a vacancy pool and weeding, water) or impose composite fertilizer's (N-P-K content 45%) seedling survives and executes the liquid dung 1: 10 of once becoming thoroughly decomposed clearly (liquid dung: behind the first quarter moon, the every strain 4-6 of bag seedling grain, execute around the bag, seedling goes out before the garden, executes disposable fertilizer with urea or general calcium.
In the overall process of growing seedlings, strengthen extermination of disease and insect pest work, particularly damping off in case find damping off, reduces the number of times that waters, pull out diseased plant, wash one's hands after pulling out, reduce shade rate, adopt zineb or carbendazim dilute with water 1: 800-1000 doubly, control is 2-3 time continuously, finds 1: 1000 times of liquid control of dilute with water in the employings entirely such as ant, leaf roller;
4. nursery stock standard:
The bag seedling: plant height 10-15 centimetre, the thick 0.12-0.2 centimetre of stem, blade 4-5 is right;
Bareroot seedling: plant height 15-20 centimetre, the thick 0.2-0.3 centimetre of stem, blade 4-6 is right.
Three, the cultivating and growing of Rauwolfia vomitoria Afzelius
1. milpa is selected and excavation: select 1002 meters above sea level, and 21.3 ℃ of average temperatures of the whole year, frostless substantially all the year round, the soil of annual rainfall medicine 1400mm; Cultivate the field and press the contour excavation, field planting pool excavation standard: 40 * 40 * 40 (centimetres), 0.25 kilogram of the plain fertilizer of yeast-like fungi is executed on (the first tenday period of a month in May) time pool before rainy season, every pool, and abundant and soil is mixed thoroughly;
2. transplanting density: transplant density 1 * 0.5～1.4 (rice), mu is planted 475～1332 strains;
3. transplant planting: soil moisture is moderate before the field planting, preferred field planting strong sprout, trimming leaf before the bareroot seedling field planting, the root comb is grown during field planting, and long root can be wiped out, and the degree of depth on the pool guarantees the long degree of depth of root, compacting during earthing (in order to avoid the loosing soil water evaporates is fast, the seedling dehydration is thirst);
4. field management: transplanting 1 year is the key of intertillage management, and necessary intertill and clean tillage is executed 10 kilograms of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers (NPK content 45%) in conjunction with intertill and clean tillage late June mu for the first time more than 2 times; For the second time late August intertill and clean tillage once;
5) main diseases pest control
The main disease of Rauwolfia vomitoria Afzelius is the damping off of seedling phase, and anthracnose (Colletotrichumgloeosporloides pens) sporadicly takes place, dark mildew (Gapnadium sp Meliola sp); Main insect pest: the dark wing tube of black tail longicorn (Oberes fascipennism hoioxantha Fuirm) (larva is unbearable), seedling that main harm is transplanted then and veteran spray; Avoid the transplanting of larva hazard boom phase, adopt the control of 1000 times of sprays of Le Sibenjia water cane before the seedling replanting and behind the seedling replanting 6-7 month, prevented once in per 10 days.
Four, Rauwolfia vomitoria Afzelius seed collection and processing, preservation: the Rauwolfia vomitoria Afzelius seedling raising and transplanting was yielded positive results in 1 year, and the florescence is long, and the fruit phase is long, and the 8-10 month in the full bearing period, bisque mellow fruit is gathered in batches, and maturation is a collection of gathers a collection ofly, processes a collection ofly, and it is a collection of to dry in the shade; Processing: mellow fruit is put into sack or trailing plants frame heap was sealed 1-2 days adopting back, the fermentation decortication, pour big basin into, add kitchen range ash or fine sand, artificial rubbing peeling, again and again rubbing decortication is cleaned, below full seed sinks to, drag for and remove floating pericarp and seed on the whole, full seed is cleaned dry in the shade (will stir several times every day phase of drying in the shade, and avoids the mold of seed, lost germination rate); Seed store method: adopt damp sand to preserve.
Embodiment 2:
The vegetative propagation cuttage: with annotinous branch and 2 years livings branches all can, for well, at least two save branch length with three joints, with February, March, April be the best cuttage phase, two kinds of ground seedling cuttage and nutritious bag cuttages all can (seedling cost lower).
Management after the cuttage is similar to embodiment 1.The method cultivating and growing that embodiment 1 is same.
Claims (3)
1, a kind of artificial breeding method of Rauwolfia vomitoria Afzelius is characterized in that carrying out according to the following steps:
1) seedbed makes: bed surface is wide one meter, and length is decided on landform, deep-cuts the 15-20 centimetre through fully being exposed to the sun, and smoulders with inflammable straw, smashes leveling, and the edge is high about 5 centimeters;
2) the seedbed area is determined: the Rauwolfia vomitoria Afzelius seed sampling claims thousand kernel weight, about 33878 of per kilogram seed, and by 0.35 kilogram of every square of seeding quantity, every square of 2372 seedlings of emerging are determined the seedbed area;
3) sowing:
3) 1. sow preceding seed treatment: adopt 40 ℃ of water seed soakings to handle, soak seed to drag for after 24 hours to remove and dry, can sow;
3) 2. husky bed is prepared: water irrigates the seedbed, and the 3 centimeters thick Jiang Sha in upper berth, seedbed catch up with flat then;
3) 3. evenly sowing: the seedbed single-candidate is divided into square, claims to plant each square, evenly sowing back and forth;
3) 4. sow the husky 1-2 centimetre in bonnet river, seed does not expose, and covers sterile-processed straw 3-5 centimetre again, fully waters and irrigates the seedbed, puts up shed;
4) seedbed management
4) 1. after planting must check one time the seedbed every day, water clean water in right amount;
4) 2. add a cover shading screen behind the seed sprouting, progressively pick up except that mulching straw and weeds;
4) 3. prevention and elimination of disease and pests: insect pest is taked to lure and is catched and killed, brown sugar: vinegar: wheat=0.2: 0.1: 1, in complete, spray medicine control ant around the Le Siben; Spray diseases prevention with 800-1000 times of liquid of carbendazim water dilution;
4) 4. reach the transplanting standard and transplant seedlings in batches, the standard of transplanting seedlings: 3 centimeters of plant heights contain 1-2 to true leaf;
5) transplant
5) 1. bag transplantation of seedlings: 12 * 16 centimeters of nutritious bag specifications; Nutritive soil preparation: the mountain forest humus soil adds the pig manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed, the sheep excrement of 2% fused calcium magnesium phosphate and 5-8%, and nutritious bag is arranged by wide one meter close proximity;
5) 2. bareroot seedling is transplanted: select fertile sandy loam with growing seedlings, one meter of moisture in the soil face width, early plough deeply the 20-25 centimetre, fully be exposed to the sun vegetable soil through the Winter-Spring, through smouldering or the moisture in the soil face waters and executes liquid dung clearly, with zineb or 800 times of sterilizations of carbendazim dilute with water, smash leveling moisture in the soil face before the whole ground, the 3-4 month transplants seedlings, transplant specification: 10 centimeters of line-spacings, 5 centimeters of spacing in the rows;
6) transplanting and management: be that bag seedling or bareroot seedling all will be put up little shed, transplant seedlings the time, transplant seedlings before at 11 in the fine morning or after at 4 in afternoon, cloudy whole day is transplanted seedlings, transplant seedlings and to water nutritious bag, bareroot seedling ground the previous day earlier, transplanting depth is no more than cotyledon, transplants and finishes to put up little shed, and epiphragma heats, the shady net of lid layer, every day, 4 of 12 points～afternoon were opened two film, looked the upgrowth situation of seedling about the epiphragma first quarter moon, threw off film and shady net; Water 1-2 time every day at least after transplanting seedlings; Transplant seedlings after a week, in time the fill a vacancy pool and weeding, seedling is executed the liquid dung clearly that once becomes thoroughly decomposed, liquid dung after surviving first quarter moon: water=1: 10 or impose composite fertilizer, the every strain 4-6 of bag seedling grain is executed around bag, and seedling goes out before the garden, executes disposable fertilizer with urea or general calcium;
7) extermination of disease and insect pest in the overall process of growing seedlings: reduce the number of times that waters, pull out diseased plant, adopt zineb or carbendazim dilute with water 800-1000 doubly to prevent and treat 2-3 time continuously; Ant, leaf roller adopt 1000 times of liquid controls of complete middle dilute with water;
8) nursery stock standard:
The bag seedling: plant height 10-15 centimetre, the thick 0.12-0.2 centimetre of stem, blade 4-5 is right;
Bareroot seedling: plant height 15-20 centimetre, the thick 0.2-0.3 centimetre of stem, blade 4-6 is right.
2, the artificial breeding method of the described Rauwolfia vomitoria Afzelius of claim 1 is characterized in that:
1) the selected and excavation of milpa: select 1002 meters above sea level, 21.3 ℃ of average temperatures of the whole year, frostless substantially all the year round, the soil of the about 1400mm of annual rainfall; Cultivate the field and press the contour excavation, field planting pool excavation standard: 40 * 40 * 40 centimeters, went back to the pool before rainy season, 0.25 kilogram of the plain fertilizer of yeast-like fungi is executed on every pool, and abundant and soil is mixed thoroughly;
2) transplant density: transplant 1 * 0.5～1.4 meters of density, mu is planted 475～1332 strains;
3) transplant planting: soil moisture is moderate before the field planting, preferred field planting strong sprout, and trimming leaf before the bareroot seedling field planting, the root comb grow during field planting, and the degree of depth on the pool guarantees the root length degree of depth, compacting during earthing;
4) field management: transplant 1 year necessary intertill and clean tillage more than 2 times, execute 10 kilograms of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers in conjunction with intertill and clean tillage late June mu for the first time; For the second time late August intertill and clean tillage once;
5) main diseases pest control: avoid the transplanting of larva hazard boom phase, adopt the control of 1000 times of sprays of Le Sibenjia water cane before the seedling replanting and behind the seedling replanting 6-7 month, prevented once in per 10 days.
3, the artificial breeding method of the described Rauwolfia vomitoria Afzelius of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the Rauwolfia vomitoria Afzelius mellow fruit is gathered in batches, ripe a collection ofly gathers a collection ofly, processes a collection ofly, and it is a collection of to dry in the shade; Processing: mellow fruit is put into sack or trailing plants frame heap was sealed 1-2 days adopting back, and big basin is poured in the fermentation decortication into, adds kitchen range ash or fine sand, artificial rubbing peeling, cleans, and below full seed sinks to, drags for and removes floating pericarp and seed on the whole, full seed is cleaned dry in the shade; Seed store method: adopt damp sand to preserve.
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| CN106613252A (en) * | 2016-12-26 | 2017-05-10 | 安徽圆梦建筑有限公司 | Cryptostegia planting method |
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| 云南萝芙木引种驯化栽培及发展前景. 赵永生，周亚兴，查云盛.中国民族民间医药杂志，第80期. 2006 * |
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