CN1297189C - Culturing method for Chinese chestnut trees in richful production period - Google Patents
Culturing method for Chinese chestnut trees in richful production period Download PDFInfo
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- CN1297189C CN1297189C CN 200510012339 CN200510012339A CN1297189C CN 1297189 C CN1297189 C CN 1297189C CN 200510012339 CN200510012339 CN 200510012339 CN 200510012339 A CN200510012339 A CN 200510012339A CN 1297189 C CN1297189 C CN 1297189C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a culturing method for Chinese chestnuts, particularly to a culturing method for Chinese chestnut trees in a full bearing period. The method is carried out by three promotion steps and two control steps: in the first promotion step, after chestnuts are harvested, the recovery of tree vigor can be promoted by fertilizer water; in the second promotion step, the formation of male and female flowers are promoted by fertilizer water in the differentiation period of flower bud, and the watering is carried out twice from the last third of March to the first third of April; in the third promotion, the expansion of chestnuts is promoted by fertilizer water in the key growth period of the chestnuts, fertilization is carried out by digging pits around treetops, and the watering is carried out twice from the last third of July to the last third of the August; in the first control, tree shapes are controlled from the middle third of November to the first third of April for balancing the tree vigor, the tree vigor is balanced by trimming with a tool shear, and the tree shape is trimmed into a natural opening shape with single branches and reserved preparation branches; in the second control, crown-contact spindly growth is controlled by summer trimming from the last third of June to the first third of July for balancing the tree vigor. Crown-contact branches and competition branches in the inner cella are removed, at most four chestnut covers are reserved on one fruit branch, and exceeding parts are removed. The Chinese chestnut trees cultured by the method has the advantages of high percentage of fertile fruit, favorable quality of Chinese chestnuts, and more than 300 kilograms of acre yield.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Chinese chestnut culture technique field, particularly relate to a kind of cultivation method of Chinese chestnut trees in richful production period.
Background technology
Conventional Chinese chestnut cultivation method generally carries out once or carries out spring, summer twice rich water quality management in spring, owing to fail to implement in the key period of chestnut growth, the effect of rich water can not be given full play to.And have that pruning tool is extensive, the time partially early, setting fruit position move outward, stay the branch amount too much, outstanding problem such as biennial fruiting, influenced normal result and the benefit of Li Yuan.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention provides that a kind of rich water quality management is proper, percentage of fertile fruit is high, the cultivation method of the Chinese chestnut trees in richful production period that output is high.
The technical scheme that addresses the above problem is: it is undertaken by the step of following three short two controls:
First is short, and rich water promotes tree vigo(u)r to recover: way: ditch, enclose the annular ditch that treetop is opened dark 30cm, fertilising in the ditch was executed fertilizer and was fixed the tree dish, and early November is watered freeze-up water to early November late September time;
Second is short, rich water promotes male and female flowering to form: early April time is to late June, topdress at late March spring to early April, press 2 jin of the per 10 jin of fruit applications of mixed fertilizers of forecast production, N, P, K ratio are 3: 2: 1, each square metre digs the fertilising hole of a dark 30cm in the scope of treetop, will mix fertilizer and be placed in the hole;
Water: late March carried out to early April, chased after fertilizer spring after, in time water, send fertilizer with water, in time bring into play fertilizer efficiency.Watered in late May for the second time, satisfy pollination setting demand;
The 3rd is short, rich water promotes the chestnut fruit to expand: the time is that late July is to early September, Chinese chestnut expanding stage regulation of fertilizer requirement is based on P, K fertilizer, N is fertile to assist it, N, P, K ratio are 1: 1: 1, executing 1 jin of fertilizer by 10 jin of fruits of forecast production and apply, enclose treetop and dig the 30cm dell, applies fertilizer in 2 square metres of holes;
Water; Late July watered twice to late August;
First control, tree-like by winter pruning control, the balance tree vigo(u)r, mid-November time is to early April
A, prune with averruncator saw and to cut flat the weighing apparatus tree vigo(u)r, the pruning time, change the fallen leaves back into to early April by pruning spring;
B, cultrate: during pruning, with the tree-like natural open centre shape that is cut into, stay fixedly fruit bearing shoot group, the preparation branch is stayed in single end of the branch;
C, stay branch amount: by 12 ends of the branch of every square metre of projected area is 6-8, cuts off the most prosperous branch in front, stays the back vigorous branches; Branch is done the auxilliary branch of supporting a little less than staying parts of fine between the fruit bearing shoot group, has solved trunk baldness, the not enough problem of blade face coefficient;
Second controls, and cut by the summer and control closing excessive growth, balanced tree body growing way, late June time is to early July;
The chestnut summer cuts, and the water sprout of cella, competition branch are dredged, and the bad weak branch in position is done the auxilliary branch of supporting, and the cutting back that the position is good stays 20cm to do the fruit bearing shoot group.Carry out fruit thinning to early July, in leaf-fruit ratio 20-25: 1 ratio determines to stay fluffy amount, and a fruit bearing shoot keeps 4 Li Peng at most, exceeds part and dredges.
According to the chestnut tree of this method cultivation the winter cut with the summer cut carried out aspect two Routine Managements pruning tool, pruning time, trimming method, transformation tree-like, reduce the technological improvement that end of the branch quantity, control are stayed 8 aspects such as branch amount, realized nourishing and growing and the result between high yield target on the basis equalization basis, every 667m
2Output reaches more than 300 kilograms.This method is according to the long characteristic of branch, blastogenesis and the flower bud differentiation rule of chestnut tree, reflux phase, flower bud differentiation period and chestnut fruit expanding stage of nutrition behind fruit harvesting respectively strengthened soil, fertilizer, the water management of Li Yuan, and be simple to operate, can promote to set bulk-growth effectively, improve percentage of fertile fruit.Improve the Chinese chestnut quality effectively, realize year after year stable, high yield, high-quality.
Embodiment
The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with reaching embodiment.
The present invention passes through the analysis to branch, bud characteristic and the flower bud differentiation rule of chestnut tree, adopt back nutrient backflow phase, flower bud differentiation period, chestnut fruit expanding stage reinforcement chestnut garden mould, fertilizer, water management at the fruit of Chinese chestnut growth respectively, promote the benefit as a result of chestnut, and rationally utilize the winter to cut, the summer cuts two kinds of Routine Management means, control chestnut nourish and grow and the result between relation, realization is nourished and grown and the reproduction result high yield target on the balance basis substantially, and per mu yield reaches more than 300 kilograms.
For this reason, the present invention adopts the step of three short two controls:
First is short, and rich water promotes, culture fertility recovers tree vigo(u)r.Late September time is to early November.
Execute thick fertile 2500 kilograms/mu after the Chinese chestnut results, the stalk leaf is the field also.Culture fertility improves the storing water and preserving fertility ability.Way: the trench digging, enclose treetop and open annular ditch, radial furrow all can, ditch depth 30cm.Not watering the orchard and the short fertilising in spring second of water spring carries out simultaneously.Execute fertilizer and fixed the tree dish.Anti-water and soil runs off, and early November waters and freezes water (autumn not arid exempt to water), reaches the winter protection wind of surviving the winter not and branches out and sprout.
Second is short, and rich water promotes male and female flowering to form, and improves pollination setting ability.Early April time is to late June.
This moment Chinese chestnut based on long shoot, come into leaves, Chang Lihua, long Li Peng, pollination, setting, be first rich water greatest benefit phase of Chinese chestnut, this moment fruit tree mainly based on absorption of N fertilizer, P, K are fertile to assist it.The gneiss area, silicate soil, the soil nutrient characteristics are to lack N, few P, the K deficiency, trace element is incomplete.Topdress spring late March to early April by per 10 jin of 2 jin of the applications of mixed fertilizers of fruit of forecast production, N, P, K ratio are 3: 2: 1.Avoid the chlorine plant because of Chinese chestnut belongs to, sulphur is again the Chinese chestnut macroelement, selects composite fertilizer must select potassium sulfate compound fertilizer to add equivalent urea, add 1 jin every mu of borax, zinc sulphate, ferrous sulfate, mix, in treetop, dig pit, dark 30cm, one square metre is dug one and applies fertilizer.
Water.Late March is to early April, chased after fertilizer spring after, in time water, send fertilizer with water, in time bring into play fertilizer efficiency.Watered in late May for the second time, satisfy pollination setting demand.
The 3rd is short, and rich water promotes the chestnut fruit to expand, and mixed bud forms.Time is that late July is to early September.
To autumn, the chestnut tree bulk-growth is slow, and Yi Liguo expands, forms mixed bud, and storage nutrition is main before the winter, and this phase is second greatest benefit phase of rich water.Rich water is supplied with abundance at this moment, when nutrient accumulation expands consumption greater than the chestnut fruit, and Li Guoda, the output height, quality is good, and it is many to form mixed bud, and have a good harvest next year; This moment, rich water was under-supply, and nutrient accumulation expands consumption less than chestnut fruit.Li Guoxiao yields poorly, and is of poor quality, and benefit is low, and mixed bud forms few, serious underproduction next year.Chinese chestnut expanding stage regulation of fertilizer requirement is based on P, K fertilizer, and N is fertile to assist it, and N, P, K ratio are 1: 1: 1.Executing 1 jin of fertilizer by 10 jin of fruits of forecast production and apply, enclose treetop and dig the 30cm dell, applies fertilizer in 2 square metres of holes.
Water.Late July in time waters twice to late August, and major flood season at a time when this can exempt to water as the no dry season.
First control, mid-November time is to early April.New method is pruned the balance tree vigo(u)r, and three-dimensional result realizes eight improvement.
Change, tool using colludes the sickle axe and is fruittree shear, averruncator, saw by using.Solve the limb damage problem, adapt to new method and prune.
Two change, and the pruning time is by being trimmed to the fallen leaves back spring to early April.Solved to cut to set and be pressed for time the big problem of pruning rate.
Three change, and real year after year hall is trimmed to " renewal of rotating, retraction is pruned, for the sign indicating number result ".Solve root/shoot ratio, limb than lacking of proper care, cutting big affair problem greatly, realized fixedly fruit bearing shoot group, stable yield, quality improves.
Four change, and how main laminated devices is natural open centre shape.Solve the tall and big strong up and weak down problem of trunk, realized the illumination abundance, three-dimensional result.
Five change, and changing the two ends of the branch of dovetail is single end of the branch, stays preparation to dismember biennial bearing, Li Guoxiao, the problem of poor quality of having determined.Realize high and stable yields year after year, improve the quality high efficiency.
Six change, and stay the branch amount.By 12 ends of the branch of every square metre of projected area is 6-8.Solved the problem of the canopy that causes more the end of the branch, waste nutrient, biennial fruiting.
Seven change, and change to stay prosperous branch to be vigorous branches, cut off the most prosperous branch in front, stay the back vigorous branches, have solved that branch is prosperous excessively, the closing problem, have realized balance tree vigo(u)r, three-dimensional result.
Eight change, and change to remove thin and delicate branch and do auxilliary support for staying.Branch is done the auxilliary branch of supporting a little less than staying parts of fine between the fruit bearing shoot group, has solved trunk baldness, the not enough problem of blade face coefficient.
Second control, late June time is to early July.Control closing excessive growth carries out that the summer cuts and fruit thinning.
The chestnut summer cuts, and the water sprout of cella, competition branch are dredged, and the bad weak branch in position is done the auxilliary branch of supporting, and the cutting back that the position is good stays 20cm to do the fruit bearing shoot group.Carry out fruit thinning to early July, in leaf-fruit ratio 202-5: 1 ratio determines to stay fluffy amount, and a fruit bearing shoot keeps 4 Li Peng at most, exceeds part and dredges, and can effectively improve the Chinese chestnut quality, realizes year after year stable, high yield, high-quality.
Claims (2)
1, a kind of cultivation method of Chinese chestnut trees in richful production period is characterized in that, it is undertaken by the step of following three short two controls:
A, first urgees, and rich water promotes tree vigo(u)r to recover: late September time, way: ditch, enclose the annular ditch that treetop is opened dark 30cm, apply fertilizer in the ditch, executed fertilizer and fixed the tree dish, early November was watered freeze-up water to early November;
B, second urgees, rich water promotes male and female flowering to form: early April time is to late June, topdress: at late March to early April, press 2 jin of the per 10 jin of fruit applications of mixed fertilizers of forecast production, N, P, K ratio are 3: 2: 1, each square metre digs the fertilising hole of a dark 30cm in the scope of treetop, will mix fertilizer and be placed in the hole;
A waters: after having chased after fertilizer spring, in time water, send fertilizer with water, in time bring into play fertilizer efficiency, watered in late May for the second time, satisfy pollination setting demand;
C, the 3rd urgees, rich water promotes the chestnut fruit to expand: the time is that late July is to early September, Chinese chestnut expanding stage regulation of fertilizer requirement is based on P, K fertilizer, N is fertile to assist it, N, P, K ratio are 1: 1: 1, executing 1 jin of fertilizer by 10 jin of fruits of forecast production and apply, enclose treetop and dig the 30cm dell, applies fertilizer in 2 square metres of holes;
A waters; Late July watered twice to late August;
D, first control, tree-like by winter pruning control, prune the balance tree vigo(u)r with the averruncator saw, mid-November time is to early April;
A, shaping: during pruning, stay fixedly fruit bearing shoot group, with the tree-like natural open centre shape that is cut into, the preparation branch is stayed in single end of the branch;
B, stay branch amount: by 12 ends of the branch of every square metre of projected area is 6-8, cuts off the most prosperous branch in front, stays the back vigorous branches; Branch is done the auxilliary branch of supporting a little less than staying parts of fine between the fruit bearing shoot group, has solved trunk baldness, the not enough problem of blade face coefficient;
E, second is controlled, and cut by the summer and control closing excessive growth, balanced tree body growing way, late June time is to early July;
A, the water sprout of cella, competition branch are dredged, the bad weak branch in position is done the auxilliary branch of supporting, and the cutting back that the position is good stays 20cm to do the fruit bearing shoot group, carry out fruit thinning to early July, in leaf-fruit ratio 20-25: 1 ratio determines to stay fluffy amount, and a fruit bearing shoot keeps 4 Li Peng at most, exceeds part and dredges.
2, the cultivation method of a kind of Chinese chestnut trees in richful production period according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described mixing fertilizer can select composite fertilizer, composite fertilizer is that potassium sulfate compound fertilizer adds equivalent urea, add 1 jin every mu of borax, zinc sulphate, ferrous sulfate, mix, apply in the hole.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN 200510012339 CN1297189C (en) | 2005-01-27 | 2005-01-27 | Culturing method for Chinese chestnut trees in richful production period |
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| CN 200510012339 CN1297189C (en) | 2005-01-27 | 2005-01-27 | Culturing method for Chinese chestnut trees in richful production period |
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| CN1644019A CN1644019A (en) | 2005-07-27 |
| CN1297189C true CN1297189C (en) | 2007-01-31 |
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Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105265304B (en) * | 2014-07-30 | 2017-08-01 | 河北省农林科学院昌黎果树研究所 | A kind of Chinese chestnut hybridization pollination method |
| CN104705082A (en) * | 2015-03-26 | 2015-06-17 | 迁西县职业技术教育中心 | Pruning method of big Chinese chestnut full-grown trees |
| CN105557425B (en) * | 2015-12-17 | 2018-05-18 | 承德市林业技术推广总站 | A kind of method of Chinese chestnut skeleton branch baldness with multiple spot grafting bearing basal shoot |
| CN106342640B (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2019-11-26 | 河北科技师范学院 | The remodeling method in Chinese chestnut tree closing garden |
| CN106747790A (en) * | 2016-12-08 | 2017-05-31 | 河池市技术开发中心 | A kind of Liquid Fertilizer for Chinese chestnut expanding stage |
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