CN100409738C

CN100409738C - Method for grafting Chinese chestnut trees

Info

Publication number: CN100409738C
Application number: CNB2006101021392A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 安海旭; 安立春; 安海涛; 马学才; 关真猛
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2006-11-10
Filing date: 2006-11-10
Publication date: 2008-08-13
Anticipated expiration: 2026-11-10
Also published as: CN1947489A

Abstract

A graft method of chestnut tree includes such steps as pruning stock tree, choosing the graft position, removing useless twigs, applying fertilizer, choosing dwarf tree as scion tree, storing the scion in cellar, and grafting when the length of new bud of stock tree is 7 mm.

Description

The grafting method of chestnut tree

Technical field

The present invention relates to the grafting method of a planting fruit-trees, specifically the method for transferring of chestnut tree.

Background technology

The traditional grafting method of chestnut tree has two kinds: the one, and the tack cortex grafting.The advantage of this method is that the survival rate that healed is higher.Weak point is that fixing newly wastes time and energy operating difficulties slightly.Meet strong wind, bleeding phase, grafting mortality height.The 2nd, insert leather belly and connect method.The method survives, and fixedly shoot is convenient.Weak point is, the interface healing is bad, meets the grafting failure of bleeding phase, and it is big to consume nutrient, newly poor growth slightly.

Summary of the invention

Goal of the invention of the present invention is the defective at prior art, a kind of loss of avoiding the bleeding phase to grafting tree is provided, avoid strong wind to hinder the generation of branch, save time, the interface nutrient consumption amount that healed is little, helps the master branch growth, adapts to the grafting method of the chestnut tree of " happy; as to draw branch, as to carve bud rich technology early ".

Realize the foregoing invention purpose by the following technical solutions:

A kind of grafting method of chestnut tree, described grafting method is undertaken by following step,

1, anvil tree pruning: the pruning of anvil tree, the treelet major branch stays a side shoot apart from center-pole 50 centimeters, does pillar usefulness, stays major branch, side shoot before the grafting, cuts other branch, for grafting is prepared;

2, choose the graft position of big tree, prune, remove the branch useless of big tree, reduce nutrient consumption;

3, fertilizing, watering: before the grafting, give to prepare the tree fertilising of grafting, the fertilizer of being executed be nitrogen phosphorus potassium each 15%, potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, add half urea by the weight of composite fertilizer and mix fertilising, water at once after having executed fertilizer;

4, select excellent kind, adopt numeral: kind of a fringe is done No. 2 in the Yanshan Mountain of the suitable short hat dense planting of choosing early red, the northern valley of rich, big plate; Apart from grafting time 15-30 days, gather developmental branch and bearing basal shoot on the excellent kind tree, thick more than 0.5 millimeter, it is contained in the plastic sack, indicate kind; Numeral being put into cellar or cavern storage, and sealing entrance of cellar, hole, shelters from heat or light with straw in ground, and reserve temperature is less than 10 ℃, and storage time was less than 50 days;

5, grafting period: when temperature goes back up to per day 15 degree when above, begin grafting during new bud of stock tree length to 7 millimeter;

6, stay fixing naked post: interface bares a tree of its bark more than the interface apart from trunk 20cm place, stays the naked post of the 40--50cm pillar (naked post peeling is the most handy with pliers) that fixes;

7, cut numeral: be whittled into horseshoe type with the scion of instrument hilt, the long 3-5cm of bevel stays spike length 7cm, and 3-4 full bud arranged;

8, grafting fringe: in the major branch inboard, pry open cortex, insert scion, scion of an interface;

9, wrapping: selecting the grafting plastic strip, interface is wrapped up tight, is knot that can be undone by a pull;

10, anti-damaging by worms: add insecticide with flour and make paste, be coated on the wrapping Polypropylence Sheet of interface;

11, remove rudiment, pluck chestnut flower, Li Peng: behind the grafting survival, remove the rudiment on the major branch once in a week, simultaneously chestnut flower, Li Pengquan are removed, concentrate nutrition, make it long long to 1.5 meters for the major branch growth;

12, uncord windproof wound branch: young sprout is long to be uncorded during to 20cm, draws and ties up young sprout on naked post, ties up the windproof wound of the tip for 1 year three times;

13, decide major branch, select side shoot: behind the grafting survival, a strain treelet stays 6 major branches, unnecessary removing; One strain anvil tree connects three statures, and a stature stays two major branches; Connect two statures, a stature stays three major branches; A major branch stays two side shoots, unnecessary dredging;

14, topdress: July early and middle ten days, every strain chases after nitrogen, phosphorus, each potassium sulfate compound fertilizer of 15%, 100 gram of potassium;

15, water and freeze water:, water for the chestnut tree of grafting and freeze water to early November.

Adopt technique scheme: compare with background technology, advantage of the present invention is: avoided the bleeding phase to the heavy losses of grafting tree and the generation of strong wind wound branch.Save the labour, saved the time.Nutrient consumption is few, effectively in the master branch growth.Interface heals, the survival rate height.Be applicable to the Chinese chestnut garden of " happily, draw branch, carve bud rich technology early ".

Embodiment

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with concrete enforcement.

The present invention is that chestnut tree stays naked post to insert the leather belly connection, and concrete steps are:

1, anvil tree pruning: the pruning of anvil tree, the treelet major branch stays a side shoot apart from center-pole 50 centimeters before the grafting, does pillar and uses.The major branch side shoot all is cut into one continuous line, does not block head (block head, resin flows slow, and grafting evening, survival rate descends), and other branch is cut entirely, for grafting is prepared; Big tree chooses graft position, prunes, and removes branch useless, reduces nutrient consumption.

2, fertilizing, watering: before the grafting, each 15% potassium sulfate compound fertilizer of nitrogen phosphorus potassium adds half urea, every strain 100 grams in dense planting garden by the weight of composite fertilizer.Having executed fertilizer in time waters.Guarantee that the grafting tree growth is vigorous.This year of grafting is accomplished not intercropping crops.

3, adopt numeral, select excellent kind: the Yanshan Mountain of the suitable short hat dense planting of choosing is the good kind of affinity such as No. 2, red, the northern valley of rich, big plate early.1. adopt numeral.Apart from grafting time 15-30 days, gather developmental branch and bearing basal shoot on the excellent kind tree, thick more than 0.5 millimeter, the dress plastic sack is indicated kind.2. numeral storage.With cellar or cavern storage, and sealing entrance of cellar, hole, shelters from heat or light with straw in ground, and temperature is no more than 10 ℃, and amount is few also can to discharge water the well spacing water surface more than one meter, covers well lid.Storage time is no more than 50 days.Shelf time is long more, and graft survival rate is low more.

4, grafting period: when temperature goes back up to per day 15 degree when above, millimeter grafting of new bud of stock tree length to 7 begins.The guarantor survives: note Changes in weather, weather is fine, the graft survival rate height; Overcast and rainy, big cooling, bleeding phase graft survival rate are low.

5, stay fixing naked post: interface bares a tree of its bark more than the interface apart from trunk 20cm place, stays the naked post of the 40--50cm pillar that fixes.(the most handy pliers peeling)

6, cut numeral: be whittled into horseshoe type with the scion of instrument hilt, the long 3-5cm of bevel stays spike length 7cm, and 3-4 full bud arranged.

7, a grafting fringe: in the major branch inboard (prevent to draw time fracture), pry open cortex, insert scion rapidly, scion of an interface.

8, wrapping: selecting grafting special plastic bar, interface is wrapped up tight, is knot that can be undone by a pull (stay tie up young sprout with).

9, anti-damaging by worms: add the dense insecticide of smell with flour and make paste, be coated on the wrapping Polypropylence Sheet of interface, prevention THE LARVAE OF CLEARWING MOTH ON CHESTNUT TREES moth food interface is is also prevented and treated the paulownia rot and is propagated.

10, inspection survives, and in time mends to connect: grafting 15 days, the benefit of not rudiment of numeral connects.If 90% survive finely, indivedual strains do not survive, and are the affinity problems, must change kind and mend and connect.

11, remove rudiment, pluck chestnut flower, Li Peng: behind the grafting survival, remove rudiment once in a week, simultaneously chestnut flower, Li Pengquan are removed, concentrate nutrition, reach 1.5 meters long for the major branch growth.Chestnut flower Li Peng must remove, and concentrates nutrition, and multiform becomes mixed bud, lays the foundation for getting bumper crops next year.

12, uncord windproof wound branch: young sprout is long to be uncorded during to 20cm, draws and ties up young sprout on naked post, ties up the windproof wound of the tip for 1 year three times.

13, decide major branch, select side shoot: behind the grafting survival, a strain treelet stays 6 major branches, and unnecessary vegetables remove; One strain anvil tree connects three statures, and a stature stays two major branches; Connect two statures, a stature stays three major branches.A major branch stays two (drawing a back horizontal level) side shoots, unnecessary dredging.Concentrate nutrient, allow major branch grow about 1.5 meters.The major branch side shoot is not inserted point.

14, topdress: July early and middle ten days, every strain chases after nitrogen, phosphorus, each potassium sulfate type of 15% of potassium is multiple

Hefei 100 grams.

15, water and freeze water: to early November, water and freeze water, autumn is not non-irrigated exempts to water.

Claims

1. the grafting method of a chestnut tree is characterized in that, described grafting method is undertaken by following step,

A. anvil tree pruning: the pruning of anvil tree, the treelet major branch stays one to do the side shoot that pillar is used apart from center-pole 50 centimeters, prunes major branch, side shoot before the grafting, cuts other branch, for grafting is prepared;

B. choose the graft position of big tree, and it is pruned, remove the branch useless of big tree, reduce nutrient consumption;

C. fertilizing, watering: before the grafting, give the tree of preparing grafting fertilising, the chemical fertilizer of being executed is nitrogen, phosphorus, each potassium sulfate compound fertilizer of 15% of potassium, adds half urea by the weight of composite fertilizer and mixes fertilising, waters at once after having executed fertilizer;

D. select excellent kind, adopt numeral: kind of a fringe is done No. 2 in the Yanshan Mountain of the suitable short hat dense planting of choosing early red, the northern valley of rich, big plate; Apart from grafting time 15-30 days, gather developmental branch and bearing basal shoot on the excellent kind tree, thick more than 0.5 millimeter, it is contained in the plastic sack, indicate kind; Numeral being put into cellar or cavern storage, and sealing entrance of cellar, hole, shelters from heat or light with straw in ground, and reserve temperature is less than 10 ℃, and storage time was less than 50 days;

E. grafting period: when temperature goes back up to per day 15 degree when above, new bud of stock tree length begins grafting during to 7 millimeters long;

F. stay fixing naked post: interface bares a tree of its bark more than the interface apart from trunk 20cm place, stays the naked post of the 40--50cm pillar that fixes;

G. cut numeral: be whittled into horseshoe type with the scion of instrument hilt, the long 3-5cm of bevel stays spike length 7cm, and 3-4 full bud arranged;

H. the fringe of pegging graft: in the major branch inboard, pry open cortex, insert scion, scion of an interface;

I. wrapping: select the grafting plastic strip, interface is wrapped up tight;

J. anti-damaging by worms: add insecticide with flour and make paste, be coated on the wrapping Polypropylence Sheet of interface;

K. remove rudiment, pluck chestnut flower, Li Peng: behind the grafting survival, remove the rudiment on the major branch once in a week, simultaneously chestnut flower, Li Pengquan are removed, concentrate nutrition, make it long long to 1.5 meters for the major branch growth;

L. uncord windproof wound branch: young sprout is long to be uncorded during to 20cm, draws and ties up young sprout on naked post, ties up the windproof wound of the tip for 1 year three times;

M. decide major branch, select side shoot: behind the grafting survival, a strain treelet stays 6 major branches, unnecessary removing; One strain anvil tree connects three statures, and a stature stays two major branches; Connect two statures, a stature stays three major branches; A major branch stays two side shoots, unnecessary dredging;

N. topdress: July early and middle ten days, every strain chases after nitrogen, phosphorus, each potassium sulfate compound fertilizer of 15%, 100 gram of potassium;

P. water and freeze water:, water for the chestnut tree of grafting and freeze water to early November.