CN104186217B - A kind of one-tenth low yield Castanea mollissima Top Budding in age changes kind of an engrafting method - Google Patents
A kind of one-tenth low yield Castanea mollissima Top Budding in age changes kind of an engrafting method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of become age Chinese chestnut top grafting method for changing species, comprise scion processing, stock processing, grafting, section processing and connect the steps such as rear management, expose the processing of green tender skin by scion is scraped off with cutter gently back to the place employing of stock, the periphery in stock cross section is done to smoothing processing, and grafting section is adopted to the method such as processing of newspaper parcel moisture absorption, realizing graft survival rate reaches more than 95%, and infect without disease and pest, solve the current Castanea mollissima Top Budding defects such as to change that the survival rate kind facing is lower, disease and pest is caused harm serious.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of engrafting method, be specifically related to the top grafting method for changing species of Chinese chestnut.
Background technology
Chinese chestnut (CastaneamollissimaBlume), having another name called chestnut, Chinese Chestnut, is Fagaceae Castanea, originates in China, is distributed in Vietnam, Taiwan and CONTINENTAL AREA OF CHINA, grows in the area of height above sea level 370m～2800m, is more common in mountain region, by artificial extensively cultivation. Chestnut is nutritious, and Vitamin C content is abundant, and mineral matter is comprehensive, belongs to extraordinary dry fruit seeds.
For a long time due to the Chinese chestnut reasons such as cultivation, kind are bad, extensive management of growing directly from seeds, present gradually tree vigo(u)r weak, the phenomenons such as disease and pest is more, cause yielding poorly, poor quality, low in economic efficiency, serious contusion orchard worker's cultivation enthusiasm, therefore, realize Chinese chestnut veteran optimize, rejuvenation upgrade have important practical significance. The inferior strain, the bad tree that become Low-yielding Chinese Chestnut Plantations woods in age are carried out to high-grafting grafting, and kind is upgraded, and can make full use of existing resource, survival rate is high, method is simple, compared with reconstructing the new garden of Chinese chestnut, small investment, instant effect, be into one of major measure of Low-yielding Chinese Chestnut Plantations woods transformation in age. Existing high-grafting technology exists and causes the disconnected cross section of stock to rot because humidity and temperature is large, be difficult for forming the problems such as callus, while changing kind for thick higher trunk in addition, there is the defect that graft survival rate is low, therefore find a kind of by graft survival rate be nearly increased to 100% and simple and easy to operate change kind of engrafting method be this area in the urgent need to. Summary of the invention
The present invention has adopted following top grafting method for changing species to realize the problems referred to above that will solve.
The selection of scion: fringe bar gathered in Chinese chestnut rest period, selects that annual growth is enriched, health is sturdy, sprout the is full fresh branch in middle and upper part is as scion, and descending branch, very thin branch, deadwood, sick branch all can not be used as scion.
The processing of scion: scion length is 10cm～15cm, rugosity requires 0.7cm～1.2cm, retains 2～3 full buds in each scion. Fresh scion is quickly dipped sealing wax in 60 DEG C of fusing point paraffin, ties and imbed in wet fine sand or wet towel, In Shade for subsequent use.
The processing of stock: grafting mouth ground height is controlled in 0.5m～1.2m, and position is too high, and scion young sprout is easily broken by windbreak. Level and smooth sawed-off with disease and pest place without scabbing at trunk with chain saw, scabble saw kerf surrounding hair stubble, guarantee that saw kerf is smoothly neat.
Grafting time with mid-March to early April resin start flow time be advisable, stock should carry out grafting after sawing out cross section immediately. Concrete engrafting method is as follows:
1) cut the horse ear shape inclined-plane of a long 4cm～6cm in the lower end of scion, the little inclined-plane of 0.2cm～0.5cm is cut in below in the back side, inclined-plane, old side cortex is pruned gently simultaneously, expose green tender skin, the length of tender skin is consistent with the length on inclined-plane.
2) stock cross section is arranged level and smooth, following cross section 10cm left and right bark is removed to clean (when ensureing to wrap up sealing and remove pathogen and injure) with grafting knife. To longitudinally partial application below stock, deeply reach xylem at graft position, length is only less than the length on scion inclined-plane.
3) adopt cortex grafting method, scion lower end is inserted gently in the gap of bar shaped cortex upper end, xylem is aimed on the inclined-plane of scion, and green tender skin is aimed at bar shaped cortex, and the degree of depth that bar shaped cortex is inserted in scion is consistent with chamfer length.
4) before wrapping, with newspaper, stock cross section is covered, then use the complete covering grafting of polyethylene film wound, along trunk, polyethylene film is fixed with plastic cord.
The scion amount in each cross section is determined according to section diameter, and diameter connects 1 fringe below 5cm, and diameter is at 2 fringes that connect of 5cm～10cm, and diameter is in available 3～4 scion of 10cm～20cm.
Managing after grafting is adopted with the following method:
1) in time except sprouting. Intercept after stock, before stock and scion healing tissue development, concentrate and can cause kryptoblast to be sprouted in a large number due to nutrient, adhere to " except early, except little, except " principle, erase in time the sprout tillers on stock, prevent and scion contention nutrient.
2) set up windproof post. In the time that young sprout grows to 15cm left and right, tie up in time windproof post. One, pillar inserts underground or is banded in (interface is following) on master branch, by tiing up on pillar of young sprout pine pine, in case windbreak. , along with constantly the growing tall of young sprout, tie up together every 20cm～30cm later.
3) membrane removal in good time ungirds. When young sprout grows to 20cm～25cm, (apart from grafting time 30d left and right), should cut off the plastic film chip near scion one side, and scion is combined with the callus of stock, in order to avoid form interlayer. Ungird and carry out at twice, lighten restrictions on for the 1st time, ungird for the 2nd time, the ankle injury young sprout base portion late that prevents from ungirding, but also too early unsuitable.
4) pinching in good time. In order to promote grafting tree multi-branched to be early shaped, increase lignifying. In the time that young sprout grows into 60cm, carry out in time pinching, impel pumping Secondary Branch.
5) pruning. In the time that Secondary Branch grows to 10cm～20cm, stay export-oriented branch, erase interior to branch, intersect branch, promote export-oriented branch growth. By pruning growth period, make Chinese chestnut form ahead of time natural open centre shape skeleton. Rest period then, also to cut or supplementary pruning of the irrational branch work of layout leaking growth period.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: adopt this method to becoming the survival rate high (reaching more than 95%) of low yield Chinese chestnut grafting in age, disease and pest infects less, after grafting, soon, tree crown shaping and result are early in chestnut growth. General First Year high connecing in spring, Second Year starts result, as manages properly, and third and fourth year can normally go into operation.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1:
Prepare that annual growth is enriched, health is sturdy, sprout the is full fresh branch in middle and upper part is as scion, scion length is 10cm, rugosity 0.5cm～0.7cm retains 2 full buds in each scion. Fresh scion is quickly dipped sealing wax in 60 DEG C of fusing point paraffin, ties and imbed in wet fine sand or wet towel, In Shade for subsequent use. 108 strains of stock quantity, are controlled at 1.0m left and right by grafting mouth ground height, level and smooth sawed-off with disease and pest place without scabbing at trunk with chain saw, scabble saw kerf surrounding hair stubble, guarantee that saw kerf is smoothly neat, diameter of section 5cm left and right.
Grafting time March 24. Concrete engrafting method is as follows:
1) cut the horse ear shape inclined-plane of a long 5cm in the lower end of scion, the little inclined-plane of 0.2cm is cut in below in the back side, inclined-plane, old side cortex is pruned gently simultaneously, expose green tender skin, the length of tender skin is consistent with the length on inclined-plane.
2) by the arrangement of stock cross section smoothly, following cross section 10cm left and right bark is removed clean with grafting knife. To longitudinally partial application below stock, deeply reach xylem at graft position, length is only less than the length on scion inclined-plane.
3) adopt cortex grafting method, scion lower end is inserted gently in the gap of bar shaped cortex upper end, the inclined-plane of scion is facing to xylem, and green tender skin is facing to bar shaped cortex, and the degree of depth that bar shaped cortex is inserted in scion is consistent with chamfer length. 2 fringes are inserted in every cross section.
4) before wrapping, with newspaper, stock cross section is covered, then use the complete covering grafting of plastic sheeting wound, along trunk, plastic sheeting is fixed with plastic cord.
After grafting, in time except sprouting, set up windproof post. In the time that young sprout grows to 15cm left and right, tie up in time windproof post. One, pillar inserts underground or is banded in (interface is following) on master branch, by tiing up on pillar of young sprout pine pine, in case windbreak. , along with constantly the growing tall of young sprout, tie up together every 20cm later. Membrane removal in good time ungirds. When young sprout grows to 20cm, the nylon film sheet near scion one side should be cut off, scion is combined with the callus of stock, in order to avoid form interlayer. Ungird and carry out at twice, lighten restrictions on for the 1st time, ungird for the 2nd time, ankle injury young sprout base portion late prevents from ungirding. In the time that young sprout grows into 60cm, carry out pinching, impel pumping Secondary Branch. In the time that Secondary Branch grows to 10cm, stay export-oriented branch, erase interior to branch, intersect branch, promote export-oriented branch growth. Rest period cuts or supplementary pruning of the irrational branch work of layout leaking growth period.
Graft survival rate by the method can reach 98% left and right.
Embodiment 2
Prepare that annual growth is enriched, health is sturdy, sprout the is full fresh branch in middle and upper part is as scion, scion length is 13cm, rugosity 1cm retains 3 full buds in each scion. Fresh scion is quickly dipped sealing wax in 60 DEG C of fusing point paraffin, ties and imbed in wet fine sand or wet towel, In Shade for subsequent use. Graft stock 112 strains, grafting mouth ground height is controlled at 0.8m. Level and smooth sawed-off with disease and pest place without scabbing at trunk with chain saw, scabble saw kerf surrounding hair stubble, guarantee that saw kerf is smoothly neat. Diameter of section 10cm.
Grafting time March 31, concrete engrafting method is as follows:
1) cut the horse ear shape inclined-plane of a long 4cm in the lower end of scion, the little inclined-plane of 0.3cm is cut in below in the back side, inclined-plane, old side cortex is pruned gently simultaneously, expose green tender skin, the length of tender skin is consistent with the length on inclined-plane.
2) by the arrangement of stock cross section smoothly, following cross section 10cm left and right bark is removed clean with grafting knife. To longitudinally partial application below stock, deeply reach xylem at graft position, length is only less than the length on scion inclined-plane.
3) adopt cortex grafting method, scion lower end is inserted gently in the gap of bar shaped cortex upper end, the inclined-plane of scion is facing to xylem, and green tender skin is facing to bar shaped cortex, and the degree of depth that bar shaped cortex is inserted in scion is consistent with chamfer length. 3 scion of every cross section grafting.
4) before wrapping, with newspaper, stock cross section is covered, then use the complete covering grafting of plastic sheeting wound, along trunk, plastic sheeting is fixed with plastic cord.
After grafting, in time except sprouting, set up windproof post. In the time that young sprout grows to 15cm left and right, tie up in time windproof post. One, pillar inserts underground or is banded in (interface is following) on master branch, by tiing up on pillar of young sprout pine pine, in case windbreak. , along with constantly the growing tall of young sprout, tie up together every 23cm later. Membrane removal in good time ungirds. When young sprout grows to 20cm, the nylon film sheet near scion one side should be cut off, scion is combined with the callus of stock, in order to avoid form interlayer. Ungird and carry out at twice, lighten restrictions on for the 1st time, ungird for the 2nd time, ankle injury young sprout base portion late prevents from ungirding. In the time that young sprout grows into 60cm, carry out pinching, impel pumping Secondary Branch. In the time that Secondary Branch grows to 15cm, stay export-oriented branch, erase interior to branch, intersect branch, promote export-oriented branch growth. Rest period cuts or supplementary pruning of the irrational branch work of layout leaking growth period.
Final statistics, can reach 97% left and right by the graft survival rate of the method.
Embodiment 3
Select that annual growth is enriched, health is sturdy, sprout the is full fresh branch in middle and upper part is as scion, descending branch, very thin branch, deadwood, sick branch all can not be used as scion. Scion length 15cm, rugosity 1.2cm, retains 3 full buds in each scion. Fresh scion is quickly dipped sealing wax in 60 DEG C of fusing point paraffin, ties and imbed in wet fine sand or wet towel, In Shade for subsequent use.
Select stock 90 strains, grafting mouth ground height is controlled at 1.2m. Level and smooth sawed-off with disease and pest place without scabbing at trunk with chain saw, scabble saw kerf surrounding hair stubble, guarantee that saw kerf is smoothly neat. Diameter of section 20cm.
Grafting time April 3. Concrete engrafting method is as follows:
1) cut the horse ear shape inclined-plane of a 4.5cm in the lower end of scion, the little inclined-plane of 0.5cm is cut in below in the back side, inclined-plane, old side cortex is pruned gently simultaneously, expose green tender skin, the length of tender skin is consistent with the length on inclined-plane.
2) by the arrangement of stock cross section smoothly, with grafting knife, following cross section 10cm left and right bark is removed to clean (sealing and the injury of removal pathogen to ensure to wrap up). To longitudinally partial application below stock, deeply reach xylem at graft position, length is only less than the length on scion inclined-plane.
3) adopt cortex grafting method, scion lower end is inserted gently in the gap of bar shaped cortex upper end, the inclined-plane of scion is facing to xylem, and green tender skin is facing to bar shaped cortex, and the degree of depth that bar shaped cortex is inserted in scion is consistent with chamfer length. 3 of every cross section grafting fringes.
4) before wrapping, with newspaper, stock cross section is covered, then use the complete covering grafting of plastic sheeting wound, along trunk, plastic sheeting is fixed with plastic cord.
After grafting, in time except sprouting, set up windproof post. In the time that young sprout grows to 15cm left and right, tie up in time windproof post. One, pillar inserts underground or is banded in (interface is following) on master branch, by tiing up on pillar of young sprout pine pine, in case windbreak. , along with constantly the growing tall of young sprout, tie up together every 25cm later. Membrane removal in good time ungirds. When young sprout grows to 25cm, the nylon film sheet near scion one side should be cut off, scion is combined with the callus of stock, in order to avoid form interlayer. Ungird and carry out at twice, lighten restrictions on for the 1st time, ungird for the 2nd time, ankle injury young sprout base portion late prevents from ungirding. In the time that young sprout grows into 60cm, carry out pinching, impel pumping Secondary Branch. In the time that Secondary Branch grows to 20cm, stay export-oriented branch, erase interior to branch, intersect branch, promote export-oriented branch growth. Rest period cuts or supplementary pruning of the irrational branch work of layout leaking growth period.
Graft survival rate by the method can reach 95% left and right.
The affect contrast test of the different stock processing modes of table 1 on survival rate
Claims (1)
1. the top grafting method for changing species of a Chinese chestnut, comprise scion processing, stock processing, grafting, section processing and connect rear management process, wherein fringe bar will gather in Chinese chestnut rest period, select that annual growth is enriched, health is sturdy, sprout the is full fresh branch in middle and upper part is as scion, scion length is 10cm～15cm, rugosity 0.7cm～1.2cm, retains 2～3 full buds in each scion; Fresh scion is quickly dipped sealing wax in the paraffin of 60 DEG C of fusing points, ties and imbed in wet fine sand or wet towel, In Shade for subsequent use; The grafting mouth ground height of stock is controlled at 0.5m～1.2m, with chain saw trunk level and smooth without scabbing, sawed-off without disease and pest place, scabble saw kerf surrounding hair stubble, guarantee that saw kerf is smoothly neat; Grafting time in mid-March to early April; It is characterized in that, concrete engrafting method is as follows:
1) cut the horse ear shape inclined-plane of a long 4cm～6cm in the lower end of scion, the little inclined-plane of 0.2cm～0.5cm is cut in below in the back side, horse ear shape inclined-plane, old side cortex is pruned gently simultaneously, expose green tender skin, the length of tender skin is consistent with the length on horse ear shape inclined-plane;
2) stock cross section is arranged level and smooth, with grafting knife, following cross section 10cm bark is removed clean, at graft position to longitudinal partial application below stock, deeply reach xylem, length is only less than the length on scion horse ear shape inclined-plane, to both sides Qing Bo skin zone, makes it slight perk with cutter;
3) adopt cortex grafting method, scion lower end is inserted gently in the gap of bar shaped cortex upper end, the horse ear shape inclined-plane of scion is facing to xylem, and green tender skin is facing to bar shaped cortex, and the degree of depth that bar shaped cortex is inserted in scion is consistent with horse ear shape chamfer length;
4) before wrapping, with newspaper, stock cross section is covered, then use the complete covering grafting of polyethylene film wound, along trunk, polyethylene film is fixed with plastic cord;
The scion amount in each cross section is determined according to section diameter, and diameter connects 1 fringe below 5cm, and diameter is at 2 fringes that connect of 5cm～10cm, and diameter is in 3～4 scion of use of 10cm～20cm;
5) after grafting, remove and sprout in time, set up windproof post; In the time that young sprout grows to 15cm, tie up in time windproof post; One, pillar inserts underground or is banded on master branch, by tiing up on pillar of young sprout pine pine, along with constantly the growing tall of young sprout, ties up together every 20cm～30cm later; When young sprout grows to 20cm～25cm, the plastic film chip near scion one side should be cut off, scion is combined with the callus of stock, in order to avoid form interlayer; Ungird and carry out at twice, lighten restrictions on for the 1st time, ungird for the 2nd time; In the time that young sprout grows into 60cm, carry out in time pinching, impel pumping Secondary Branch; In the time that Secondary Branch grows to 10cm～20cm, stay export-oriented branch, erase interior to branch, intersect branch, promote export-oriented branch growth; Rest period then, also to cut or supplementary pruning of the irrational branch work of layout leaking growth period.
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| CN108834605A (en) * | 2018-08-31 | 2018-11-20 | 迁西县安立春板栗技术服务部（普通合伙） | A kind of Chinese chestnut retention nutrient engrafting method |
| CN109496581A (en) * | 2019-01-27 | 2019-03-22 | 左齐 | A kind of Chinese chestnut tree engrafting method of high-survival rate |
| CN110876307A (en) * | 2019-12-05 | 2020-03-13 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | Grafting method for dwarfing Chinese chestnut |
| CN113475252A (en) * | 2021-08-17 | 2021-10-08 | 湖南省林业科学院 | Method for improving low-yield Chinese chestnut forest |
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| JPH0242920A (en) * | 1988-07-30 | 1990-02-13 | Hiroki Sato | Plant-breeding by grafting fig to walnuts |
| CN100409738C (en) * | 2006-11-10 | 2008-08-13 | 安海旭 | Method for grafting Chinese chestnut trees |
| CN103202178A (en) * | 2013-01-15 | 2013-07-17 | 湖南省湘潭市林业科学研究所 | Method for Chinese chestnut bud exposure side grafting in spring |
| CN103749157A (en) * | 2013-11-30 | 2014-04-30 | 万洪转 | Grafting cultivation method for Chinese chestnuts |
| CN103688764A (en) * | 2013-12-10 | 2014-04-02 | 王宁 | Method for grafting chestnut tree by taking wild chestnut tree as rootstock |
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