CN102805006A - Improved method for great castanopsis hystrix tree high-position grafting - Google Patents
Improved method for great castanopsis hystrix tree high-position grafting Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an improved method for great castanopsis hystrix tree high-position grafting. According to the method, the scion grafting is carried out from middle and late January to late February every year when the average daily temperature is raised to 15+/-3 DEG C, good-material castanopsis hystrix lignification branches are selected, wedge-shaped scions with 1 to 2 axillary buds are cut and taken, the scions are inserted into a cut of a stock so that at least one side of a forming layer of the stock and the scions is sufficiently anastomotic, in addition, the sealing binding is carried out on grafting parts, and finally, the high-position grafting process of great castanopsis hystrix trees is completed after the post-grafting management. The method provided by the invention is used for grafting the castanopsis hystrix and has the advantages that the culture period is short, the forming speed is high, the operation is simple, the cost is low, and the grafting survival rate is higher than 90 percent.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of plant grafting method, be specifically related to the improvement method of the big height of tree of a kind of red awl position grafting.
Background technology
Red awl (Castanopsis hystix A.DC.) has another name called thorn evergreen chinquapin, red evergreen chinquapin, is the aiphyllium of Fagaceae (Fagaceae).Red awl tree body is perfectly straight; Growth is fast, material is excellent, is that first-class furniture, shipbuilding, vehicle etc. are used material, and red awl rudiment power is strong; Upgrade fast; Mixing natural disposition can be good, and can be used as timber forest, inferior woods, water conservation forest and ecological public welfare forests transformation and apply, be important ecological public welfare forests seeds in South China and precious broad-leaved commerical tree species of one's native land.The supply of red awl good seed mainly is the seed seedling, and Guangdong Province builds red awl seed orchard in beginning in 2000 in forest farm, longan hole, comprises 18hm
2Seedling seed orchard, 5hm
2Clonal seed orchard and 8hm
2Gene pool, along with red awl genetic improvement degree deeply, the genetic gain that can obtain rapidly through build 1.5 generations, 2 generation seed orchard to be converted into actual productivity extremely urgent.
Graft technology is widely used on the conventional crops such as fruit tree, vegetables, gardening work at present, but on the big tree of red awl, does not appear in the newspapers.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide the improvement method of the big height of tree of a kind of red awl position grafting, but adopt this method grafting rapid shaping, cultivation period short, ahead of time the result, simple to operate, cost is low, graft survival rate is higher.
Above-mentioned purpose of the present invention realizes through following technical scheme: the improvement method of the big height of tree of a kind of red awl position grafting contains following steps:
(1) grafting time is selected: mid or late January in every year to late Febuary, resin does not begin the grafting of flow progresses row as yet;
(2) stock is selected: choose the living red awl of 3-6 and set greatly, keeping the above 70-150cm of the big usage tree root of red awl high is stock, and saws and remove this highly with top, simultaneously stock is pruned processing, and below the top of stock, reserves a side shoot;
(3) scion is selected: choose have 1-2 full axillalry bud good red awl lignification semi-lignified branch as scion;
(4) grafting operation: on stock, adopt the cut-grafting mode to carry out grafting during grafting, the stock otch is inserted in scion, make at least one side of cambium of anvil, fringe fully identical, and grafting place is sealed wrapping;
(5) connect the back management: sunshade is carried out in grafting place handled, in time remove the side shoot of reserving on anvil bud and the stock, and carry out the extermination of disease and insect pest frequently and topdress processing to scion young sprout lignification.
Before mid or late January to the late Febuary in every year, resin did not begin to flow as yet, carry out grafting during average daily temperature rise to 15 ± 3 ℃ in the step of the present invention (1).
In the step of the present invention (2) preceding 1 month, the big tree of red awl is carried out fertilizer treatment, and remove the weeds that red awl is set periphery greatly in grafting.
Every big tree of red awl keeps three grafted branches at most as stock at different directions in the step of the present invention (2).
Below the top of stock, reserve a side shoot in the step of the present invention (2) as " branch draws water " (also claiming the auxilliary branch of supporting), help nutriment and moisture and carry, promoted the healing of interface.
2 ~ 4 scion in the method grafting of adopting cut-grafting on each stock in the step of the present invention (4).
Scion is handled through cutting earlier usually in the step of the present invention (4); The process that cutting is handled is preferably: choose the scion that has 1-2 full axillalry bud, earlier under the scion back side 0.5 ~ 0.8cm of bud downwards with the grafting knife branch of splaying, the length of splaying 2 ~ 3cm; The degree of depth reaches and has a little xylem in the xylem; Be 45 ° of oblique angles from below, bud front 1.5 ~ 2.5cm branch under the scion again and cut to first cutter edge of a knife bottom with grafting knife, 0.5cm cuts off branch above scion then, and the scion lower end becomes flat wedge shape.
Stock also needs to handle through cutting earlier in the step of the present invention (4), and working angles is: in a side of the smooth saw face of stock, be close to xylem with grafting knife and vertically downcut, long incision 2-3 centimetre, equate with the long inclined-plane of scion.
Cut-grafting process in the step of the present invention (4) is preferably: scion bevel and stock tangent plane are close to relatively; The xylem that makes scion and stock relatively, cambium aligns on one side, the upper end exposes a line scion bevel; Tighten grafting part with plastic film tape, during colligation scion, disconnected anvil mouth, grafting mouth are all sealed, and can not make anvil, the fringe displacement behind the aligning; Overlay film one deck at scion axillalry bud place breaks film so that sprouting is encircleed simultaneously.
Can add dried bamboo shell sunshade 70 ~ 90 days in grafting after the grafting in the step of the present invention (5), the young sprout of protection scion; It is that 90% chlorophos pulvis or quality percentage composition are that 800 times of medicaments of 52% marathon pulvis spray that the quality percentage composition is preferably used in prevention and elimination of disease and pests; Fertilising with 1 year spring and autumn twice sealing fertilizer preferable.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
(1) the present invention sets the employing high position grafting greatly to red awl, and the scion band connects 2-3 scion on full axil bud, each stock more than at least one during grafting, can obviously shorten red awl cultivation period, save propagating materials, and the grafting work efficiency is high;
(2) reserve a side shoot during grafting as " branch draws water ", helped the conveying of nutriment and moisture content, promoted the healing of interface, and added dried bamboo shell sunshade 70 ~ 90 days in grafting after the grafting that protected the young sprout of scion, these measures have improved the survival rate of grafting;
(3) the present invention has proposed the improvement method of the big height of tree of red awl position grafting first, and red awl grafting is selected in mid or late January that resin do not begin to flow as yet to late Febuary, preferably resolves because red awl bleeding sap is more the problem of graft survival rate influence;
(4) but the inventive method not only has the short rapid shaping of cultivation period, can do sth. in advance the result, simple to operate, characteristics such as cost is low; This method grafting survival reaches more than 90%; Being adapted to red awl and setting the grafting that breeding changes hat and nursery seedling greatly, is the extremely strong horticulture technique of a kind of practicality.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the system of cutting of red awl fringe bar among the embodiment 1-3;
Fig. 2 is the system of splitting of stock interface among the embodiment 1-3;
Fig. 3 is the placement of scion bevel and stock interface among the embodiment 1-3;
Fig. 4 is the colligation of grafting place among the embodiment 1-3;
Fig. 5 is the sprouting of the plant sunshade after the grafting and fringe bar among the embodiment 1-3;
Fig. 6 is a grafting aftershaping plant among the embodiment 1-3.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Method through high position grafting is carried out breeding to the red awl Lin Dashu of lifes in 6 years of Longyandong Forestry Station, Guangdong Prov. and is changed hat, makes up red awl 1.5 generation seed orchard, 9.4 meters of the average height of trees of the big tree of wherein red awl, and 10.8 centimetres of the diameters of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, scion is the excellent strain of red awl gene pool.
Carry out high position grafting according to the following steps:
(1) anvil tree pruning: previous month of grafting, add half urea by the weight of composite fertilizer and mix to the big tree fertilising of preparing grafting, remove the weeds around the big tree simultaneously; Select robust growth, the big tree of no damage by disease and insect is a stock, and every big tree keeps three grafted branches at most as stock at different directions; Saw removes height of tree 150cm height with top, and it is pruned, and removes the branch useless of big tree; Scabble saw kerf, the below of stock saw kerf keeps a side shoot as " branch draws water ";
(2) grafting time: beginning grafting on January 10th, 2011, temperature are about 12 degree;
(3) scion is selected: in grafting preceding 3 days, and choose the big trees materialization semi-lignified branch of red awl excellent strain (physiological ripening) and do scion, it is contained in the plastic sack; Indicate excellent strain number; Wrap with wet towel, the plastic sack of packing into is sealed, and is housed in the refrigerator of 4 ℃ of temperature for use.During grafting, each scion has 1-2 full axillalry bud, earlier under the scion back side 0.5 ~ 0.8cm of bud downwards with the grafting knife branch of splaying; The length of splaying 2 ~ 3cm, the degree of depth reaches and has a little xylem in the xylem, is 45 ° of oblique angles from below, bud front 1.5 ~ 2.5cm branch under the scion again and cuts to first cutter edge of a knife bottom with grafting knife; 0.5cm cuts off branch above scion then; The scion lower end becomes flat wedge shape,, as shown in Figure 1;
(4) grafting operation: want fast during grafting, want accurate, cut scion earlier, after split stock, in smooth saw face one side of stock; Be close to the vertical cutting-out of xylem (having a little wooden) with grafting knife, long incision 2-3 centimetre, equate with the long inclined-plane of scion, as shown in Figure 2; Then, light cleft grafting mouth is inserted people's scion rapidly, and scion bevel and stock tangent plane are close to relatively; The xylem that makes scion and stock relatively, cambium aligns at least on one side, the upper end shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, and tightens grafting part with grafting special plastic film band, should scion, the anvil mouth that breaks, grafting mouth all be sealed during colligation; Scion axillalry bud place overlay film one deck, a grafting 2-3 scion on each stock is shown in Fig. 3-4;
(5) connect back management: add dried bamboo shell sunshade 80 days in grafting after the grafting, the scion young sprout during lignification, is removed sky shade; In time with the newborn sprout tillers erase all on the stock; Reducing nutrient consumption, to branch out when growing to more than 40 centimetres when scion, saw removes " branch draws water " reserved on the stock; In time use the quality percentage composition to be 800 times of sprinklings of 90% chlorophos pulvis after the grafting, as shown in Figure 5;
(6) connect the back and formed callus in 15-25 days, encircleed in axillalry bud 20-35 days and film, formed the red awl branch of new excellent material in 45 days, as shown in Figure 6, the scion grafting situation and the effect of this case study on implementation see table 1 for details.
The effect of the table 1 red awl cut-grafting of life in 6 years
Embodiment 2
Method through high position grafting is carried out breeding to the red awl Lin Dashu of lifes in 3 years of Longyandong Forestry Station, Guangdong Prov. and is changed hat, makes up red awl 2 generation seed orchard, 4.0 meters of the average height of trees of the big tree of wherein red awl, and 4.5 centimetres of the diameters of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, scion is the excellent strain that red awl family woods is selected.
Carry out high position grafting according to the following steps:
(1) anvil tree pruning: previous month of grafting, add half urea by the weight of composite fertilizer and mix to the big tree fertilising of preparing grafting, remove the weeds around the big tree simultaneously; Select robust growth, the big tree of no damage by disease and insect is a stock, and every big tree keeps three grafted branches at most as stock at different directions; Saw removes height of tree 70cm height with top, and it is pruned, and removes the branch useless of big tree; Scabble saw kerf, the below of stock saw kerf keeps a side shoot as " branch draws water ";
(2) grafting time: beginning grafting on February 13rd, 2011, temperature are about 15 degree;
(3) scion is selected: in grafting preceding 3 days, and choose the big trees materialization semi-lignified branch of red awl excellent strain (physiological ripening) and do scion, it is contained in the plastic sack; Indicate excellent strain number; Wrap with wet towel, the plastic sack of packing into is sealed, and is housed in the refrigerator of 4 ℃ of temperature for use.During grafting, each scion has 1-2 full axillalry bud, earlier under the scion back side 0.5 ~ 0.8cm of bud downwards with the grafting knife branch of splaying; The length of splaying 2 ~ 3cm; The degree of depth reaches and has a little xylem in the xylem, is 45 ° of oblique angles from below, bud front 1.5 ~ 2.5cm branch under the scion again and cuts to first cutter edge of a knife bottom with grafting knife, and 0.5cm cuts off branch above scion then; The scion lower end becomes flat wedge shape, and is as shown in Figure 1;
(4) grafting operation: want fast during grafting, want accurate, cut scion earlier, after split stock, in smooth saw face one side of stock; Be close to the vertical cutting-out of xylem (having a little wooden) with grafting knife, long incision 2-3 centimetre, equate with the long inclined-plane of scion, as shown in Figure 2; Then, light cleft grafting mouth is inserted people's scion rapidly, and scion bevel and stock tangent plane are close to relatively; The xylem that makes scion and stock relatively, cambium aligns at least on one side, the upper end shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, and tightens grafting part with grafting special plastic film band, should scion, the anvil mouth that breaks, grafting mouth all be sealed during colligation; Scion axillalry bud place overlay film one deck, a grafting 2-3 scion on each stock is shown in Fig. 3-4;
(5) connect back management: add dried bamboo shell sunshade 80 days in grafting after the grafting, the scion young sprout during lignification, is removed sky shade; In time with the newborn sprout tillers erase all on the stock; Reducing nutrient consumption, to branch out when growing to more than 40 centimetres when scion, saw removes " branch draws water " reserved on the stock;, as shown in Figure 5 after the grafting in time with 800 times of sprinklings of 90% chlorophos pulvis;
(6) connect the back and formed callus in 10-25 days, encircleed in axillalry bud 15-38 days and film, formed the red awl branch of new excellent material in 45 days, as shown in Figure 6, the scion grafting situation and the effect of this case study on implementation see table 2 for details.
The effect of the table 2 red awl cut-grafting of life in 3 years
Embodiment 3
Method through high position grafting is carried out breeding to the red awl Lin Dashu of lifes in 4 years of Longyandong Forestry Station, Guangdong Prov. and is changed hat, makes up red awl 2 generation seed orchard, 6.2 meters of the average height of trees of the big tree of wherein red awl, and 6.5 centimetres of the diameters of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, scion is the excellent strain that red awl family woods is selected.
Carry out high position grafting according to the following steps:
(1) anvil tree pruning: previous month of grafting, add half urea by the weight of composite fertilizer and mix to the big tree fertilising of preparing grafting, remove the weeds around the big tree simultaneously; Select robust growth, the big tree of no damage by disease and insect is a stock, and every big tree keeps three grafted branches at most as stock at different directions; Saw removes height of tree 100cm height with top, and it is pruned, and removes the branch useless of big tree; Scabble saw kerf, the below of stock saw kerf keeps a side shoot as " branch draws water ";
(2) grafting time: beginning grafting on February 22nd, 2011, temperature is about 18 ℃;
(3) scion is selected: in grafting the last week, choose the big trees materialization semi-lignified branch of red awl excellent strain (physiological ripening) and do scion, it is contained in the plastic sack; Indicate excellent strain number; Wrap with wet towel, the plastic sack of packing into is sealed, and is housed in the refrigerator of 4 ℃ of temperature for use.During grafting; Each scion has 1-2 full axillalry bud, earlier under the scion back side 0.5 ~ 0.8cm of bud downwards with the grafting knife branch of splaying, the length of splaying 2 ~ 3cm; The degree of depth reaches and has a little xylem in the xylem; Be 45 ° of oblique angles from below, bud front 1.5 ~ 2.5cm branch under the scion again and cut to first cutter edge of a knife bottom with grafting knife, 0.5cm cuts off branch above scion then, and the scion lower end becomes flat wedge shape.As shown in Figure 1;
(4) grafting operation: want fast during grafting, want accurate, cut scion earlier, after split stock, in smooth saw face one side of stock; Be close to the vertical cutting-out of xylem (having a little wooden) with grafting knife, long incision 2-3 centimetre, equate with the long inclined-plane of scion, as shown in Figure 2; Then, light cleft grafting mouth is inserted people's scion rapidly, and scion bevel and stock tangent plane are close to relatively; The xylem that makes scion and stock relatively, cambium aligns at least on one side, the upper end shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, and tightens grafting part with grafting special plastic film band, should scion, the anvil mouth that breaks, grafting mouth all be sealed during colligation; Scion axillalry bud place overlay film one deck, a grafting 2-3 scion on each stock is shown in Fig. 3-4;
(5) connect back management: add dried bamboo shell sunshade 90 days in grafting after the grafting, the scion young sprout during lignifying, is removed sky shade; In time with the newborn sprout tillers erase all on the stock; Reducing nutrient consumption, to branch out when growing to more than 40 centimetres when scion, saw removes " branch draws water " reserved on the stock; In time 800 times of water dilutions of marathon pulvis back sprinkling of 52% after the grafting, as shown in Figure 5 with the quality percentage composition;
(6) connect the back and formed callus in 10-25 days, encircleed in axillalry bud 15-38 days and film, formed the red awl branch of new excellent material in 45 days, as shown in Figure 6.
The survival rate of the red awl cut-grafting of the inventive method is higher, reaches more than 90%.The red awl of improvement after the grafting has that growth is fast, form is perfectly straight, the characteristic of the excellent scion excellent material of material, is good red awl breed improvement method.
The present invention will be described more than to enumerate specific embodiment.It is pointed out that above embodiment only is used for the present invention is described further, do not represent protection scope of the present invention, nonessential modification and adjustment that other people prompting according to the present invention is made still belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. the improvement method of the big height of tree of red awl position grafting is characterized in that containing following steps:
(1) grafting time is selected: mid or late January in every year to late Febuary, resin does not begin the grafting of flow progresses row as yet;
(2) stock is selected: choose the living red awl of 3-6 and set greatly, keeping the above 70-150cm of the big usage tree root of red awl high is stock, and saws and remove this highly with top, simultaneously stock is pruned processing, and below the top of stock, reserves a side shoot;
(3) scion is selected: choose have 1-2 full axillalry bud good red awl lignification semi-lignified branch as scion;
(4) grafting operation: on stock, adopt the cut-grafting mode to carry out grafting during grafting, the stock otch is inserted in scion, make at least one side of cambium of anvil, fringe fully identical, and grafting place is sealed wrapping;
(5) connect the back management: sunshade is carried out in grafting place handled, in time remove the side shoot of reserving on anvil bud and the stock, and carry out the prevention and elimination of disease and pests and the processing of topdressing frequently to scion young sprout lignification.
2. the improvement method of the big height of tree of red awl according to claim 1 position grafting is characterized in that: before mid or late January to the late Febuary in every year, resin did not begin to flow as yet, carry out grafting during average daily temperature rise to 15 ± 3 ℃ in the step (1).
3. the improvement method of the big height of tree of red awl according to claim 1 position grafting is characterized in that: in the step (2) in grafting preceding 1 month, the big tree of red awl is carried out fertilizer treatment, and remove the weeds that red awl is set periphery greatly.
4. the improvement method of the big height of tree of red awl according to claim 1 position grafting is characterized in that: every big tree of red awl keeps three grafted branches at most as stock at different directions in the step (2).
5. the improvement method of the big height of tree of red awl according to claim 1 position grafting is characterized in that: below the top of stock, reserve a side shoot in the step (2) as " branch draws water ", help nutriment and moisture and carry, promoted the healing of interface.
6. the improvement method of the big height of tree of red awl according to claim 1 position grafting is characterized in that: 2 ~ 4 scion in the method grafting of adopting cut-grafting on each stock in the step (4).
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103757119A (en) * | 2014-01-22 | 2014-04-30 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | PCR (polymerase chain reaction) detection method and primer pair for quickly identifying Castanopsis hystrix |
| CN106069213A (en) * | 2016-06-20 | 2016-11-09 | 杨兆权 | A kind of method of veteran high position grafting |
| CN107820886A (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2018-03-23 | 阿坝州三奥农林有限责任公司 | A kind of Chinese prickly ash square bud connects modification method |
| CN107950220A (en) * | 2018-01-11 | 2018-04-24 | 福建省林业科学研究院（福建省林业技术发展研究中心、福建省林业生产力促进中心、中国林业科学研究院海西分院） | A kind of red cone engrafting method |
| CN108522056A (en) * | 2018-03-16 | 2018-09-14 | 中国林业科学研究院热带林业实验中心 | Red vertebra select tree grafting and breeding nursery working system |
| CN110558135A (en) * | 2019-09-26 | 2019-12-13 | 东莞植物园 | method for constructing improved litchi variety cutting orchard by using aged litchi orchard |
| CN111837791A (en) * | 2020-08-10 | 2020-10-30 | 广东省林业科学研究院 | Method for quickly establishing clonal seed orchard of castanopsis hystrix and application thereof |
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Cited By (9)
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| CN103757119A (en) * | 2014-01-22 | 2014-04-30 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | PCR (polymerase chain reaction) detection method and primer pair for quickly identifying Castanopsis hystrix |
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| CN106069213A (en) * | 2016-06-20 | 2016-11-09 | 杨兆权 | A kind of method of veteran high position grafting |
| CN107820886A (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2018-03-23 | 阿坝州三奥农林有限责任公司 | A kind of Chinese prickly ash square bud connects modification method |
| CN107950220A (en) * | 2018-01-11 | 2018-04-24 | 福建省林业科学研究院（福建省林业技术发展研究中心、福建省林业生产力促进中心、中国林业科学研究院海西分院） | A kind of red cone engrafting method |
| CN108522056A (en) * | 2018-03-16 | 2018-09-14 | 中国林业科学研究院热带林业实验中心 | Red vertebra select tree grafting and breeding nursery working system |
| CN110558135A (en) * | 2019-09-26 | 2019-12-13 | 东莞植物园 | method for constructing improved litchi variety cutting orchard by using aged litchi orchard |
| CN111837791A (en) * | 2020-08-10 | 2020-10-30 | 广东省林业科学研究院 | Method for quickly establishing clonal seed orchard of castanopsis hystrix and application thereof |
| CN111837791B (en) * | 2020-08-10 | 2021-09-03 | 广东省林业科学研究院 | Method for quickly establishing clonal seed orchard of castanopsis hystrix and application thereof |
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