CN108522056A - Red vertebra select tree grafting and breeding nursery working system - Google Patents
Red vertebra select tree grafting and breeding nursery working system Download PDFInfo
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- CN108522056A CN108522056A CN201810220058.5A CN201810220058A CN108522056A CN 108522056 A CN108522056 A CN 108522056A CN 201810220058 A CN201810220058 A CN 201810220058A CN 108522056 A CN108522056 A CN 108522056A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
- A01G2/35—Cutting; Inserting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
- A01G2/38—Holding; Ligating
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of red vertebra select tree grafting and breeding nursery working systems, it is related to seeds vegetative propagation technique field.Its steps is：Select superior tree, fringe bar is acquired and is preserved, select the branch section of semi-lignified for two class scion, 2 years red vertebra seedlings of life are selected as stock, scion pretreatment, stock pretreatment, scion front wedge-formed incision is split notch with stock closely to amplexiform, scion reverse side is closely amplexiformed with stock bark, bast, is used in combination polybag to be sealed wrapping at grafting, is managed after grafting.The method of the present invention simply uses, grafting fastening is stablized, survival rate is high, it is easy assembling match production line, rapid seedling cultivation is grafted suitable for extensive red vertebra select tree, and seedling can effectively keep the excellent inhereditary feature of elite stand, it is ensured that new plant is consistent with elite stand fine quality, is suitable for the preservation of high-quality red vertebra germ plasm resource strange land, red vertebra germplasm gene pool structure, the construction of red vertebra breeding breeding garden and breeding seedling Clonal regeneration.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to seeds vegetative propagation technique fields, and in particular to red vertebra select tree grafting and breeding nursery operation
Method.
Background technology
Red vertebra is the precious excellent commerical tree species of Fagaceae, have fast-growing, high yield, volume recovery it is high, extremely suitable for large area artificial forest
The high-quality characteristic cultivated, plantation is introduced a fine variety in its suitable habitat extensively, builds red vertebra pure forest and needle vertebra mixed forest in Guangdong, Guangxi at present
Area reaches 5000hm2.Due to the high-quality breeding Fast Asexual Propagation Technique obstacle of red vertebra, breeding clone seedling supplies limited, red vertebra
Clone woods is popularized still immature, is only promoted in its main normal region, most of growing area afforestation still used with seedling it is traditional with
It adopts with the seedling broadcast, quality stability is poor, and genetic variation and genetic differentiation is serious, and high-quality breeding seedling breeding has become the current red vertebra of limitation
The matter of utmost importance for expanding afforestation and promoting and applying.
In recent years, it using root rudiment cuttage clone nursery and big tree high position grafting pierre technology maturation, survives
Rate is up to 80% or more, however there are many seedling breeding obstacles.Cutting strunk rush sprout to elite stand damage it is larger, be unfavorable for high-quality breeding
The sustainable breeding of seedling such as obtains a large amount of cuttage items, lacks corresponding cutting orchard at present, and it is uncomfortable to set high position grafting technology greatly
In the operation of seedling nursery, fast breeding is difficult in large quantities, and production cost is high.Based on this, a kind of red vertebra select tree grafting of design is numerous
Seedlings nursery working system is particularly necessary.
Invention content
In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, purpose of the present invention is to be to provide a kind of red vertebra select tree grafting and breeding nursery
Working system, method simply use, and grafting fastening is stablized, and high graft survival rate is easy assembling match production line, are suitable for extensive
Red vertebra select tree grafts rapid seedling cultivation, use easy to spread.
To achieve the goals above, the present invention is to realize by the following technical solutions：Red vertebra select tree grafting and breeding seedling
Garden working system, step are：
(1) select superior tree：Select tree, the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground of candidate select tree, tree height, individual volume are selected using 5 plants of dominant comparative methods
It is into being selected as select tree more than 15%~26%, 5%~7%, the 41%~64% of dominant tree average value.
(2) fringe bar acquisition and preservation：With the red vertebra select tree trunk middle and upper part semi-lignified side shoot of averruncator clip, trimming growth
The branch section of 10~30cm long；Blade is cut, each branch section retains 5~10 climax leaves；It is closely wrapped with preservative film after hanging up label
It pricks, is put into that ice chest is fresh-keeping to take back nursery；When the fringe bar acquisition of field, direct sunlight need to be avoided, graft survival rate is otherwise easily reduced, when
Its fringe bar that do not grafted is placed on 10 DEG C of refrigerators and preserves.
(3) scion selects：According to fringe bar degree of lignification and lateral bud germinating, scion is classified：Degree of lignification is high
Branch section be a kind of scion, such scion lateral bud has been sprouted or without apparent bud scar, graft survival rate is relatively low, uses no or little；Half
The branch section of lignifying is two class scion, such lateral bud is not sprouted, and sprout is full, and millet is granular granular to soya bean, and most suitable grafting is
Ideal grafting scion.
(4) Root-stock selection：Robust growth, the 2 years red vertebra seedlings of life endangered without disease pest are selected as stock, height of seedling 50~
70cm, 1.5~3.0cm of ground diameter.Because of 1 year raw seedling, ground diameter was small, and grafting part is thin, and scion amplexiforms difficulty, graft survival rate with stock
It is low；The above seedling of triennial, ground diameter is thick, and scion is amplexiformed closely with stock after grafting, but seedling management is costly, grafting and breeding
Cost is higher；Therefore 2 years red vertebra seedlings of life are selected.
(5) scion pre-processes：After cutting blade using grafting shear, semi-lignified fringe bar is trimmed to 3~5cm scion, often
A scion retains 1~3 lateral bud, and upper and lower two sections of scion must be smooth, away from 1~2cm of lower section that scion front is oblique
It cuts, is whittled into wedge-shaped section wide outside and narrow inside, cut long 1.5~2cm；Scion reverse side gently prunes bark, exposes green bast, no
Survival rate can be reduced as deep as xylem.
(6) stock pre-processes：Away from cutting stock at the smooth no knot of bark at 20~40cm of seedling medium, notch is cut
It is flat, a knife is split with grafting knife is vertical in the middle part of stock, form 2.5~3cm long splits mouth, and the width for splitting mouth is identical as scion；Then
Gently stock grafting side bark, bast and xylem are removed with grafting knife, then inwardly crosscutting a bite, cut-out are wooden
Stock is cut into " u "-shaped and grafts face by portion.
(7) grafting operation：Scion front wedge-formed incision is split notch with stock closely to amplexiform, scion reverse side and stock tree
Skin, bast closely amplexiform, and polybag is used in combination to be sealed wrapping at grafting.
(8) managing after grafting：The double-deck shading net is set up after grafting, away from seedling bed 1m high, reduces transpiration, raising survives
Rate；Waterproof cloth is set up when rainy season, rainwater is avoided to penetrate into graft union as possible, induces mould, reduces survival rate；Grafting 10~20 days,
Scion budling, which sprouts, bursts polybag, 30~60 days, and grafting survival, young sprout takes out exhibition, removes the polybag of wrapping in time, and erases
Stock bud.
Preferably, in described step (7) grafting operation, scion wedge shape section is closely amplexiformed with stock vertical section, is connect
Fringe reverse side section is closely amplexiformed with stock bark, bast, forms two grafting paste junctions, grafting fastening, scion, stock are wooden
It is more perfect that function of organization is dredged in portion, bast, which grafts more reliable, survival rate higher.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：The nursery method of this red vertebra select tree propagation by grafiting, practicality easy to operate are completed in nursery
Seedling grafting and breeding is easy assembling match production operation line, and average each skilled worker is 300 graftable daily, and whole year can produce,
It produces 80000 plants of graftings per year, is suitable for extensive red vertebra select tree and grafts rapid seedling cultivation, and scion and two grafting paste junctions of stock,
Grafting more fastens, stablizes, and graft survival rate higher, survival rate is up to 85% or more.
Specific implementation mode
To make the technical means, the creative features, the aims and the efficiencies achieved by the present invention be easy to understand, with reference to
Specific implementation mode, the present invention is further explained.
Present embodiment uses following technical scheme：Red vertebra select tree grafting and breeding nursery working system, its step are as follows：
(1) select superior tree：Select tree, the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground of candidate select tree, tree height, individual volume are selected using 5 plants of dominant comparative methods
It is into being selected as select tree more than 15%~26%, 5%~7%, the 41%~64% of dominant tree average value.
(2) fringe bar acquisition and preservation：With the red vertebra select tree trunk middle and upper part semi-lignified side shoot of averruncator clip, trimming growth
The branch section of 10~30cm long；Blade is cut, each branch section retains 5~10 climax leaves；It is closely wrapped with preservative film after hanging up label
It pricks, is put into that ice chest is fresh-keeping to take back nursery；When the fringe bar acquisition of field, direct sunlight need to be avoided, graft survival rate is otherwise easily reduced, when
Its fringe bar that do not grafted is placed on 10 DEG C of refrigerators and preserves.
(3) scion selects：According to the degree of lignification of fringe bar and lateral bud germinating, scion is classified：Degree of lignification
High branch section is a kind of scion, such scion lateral bud has been sprouted or without apparent bud scar, graft survival rate is relatively low, uses no or little；
The branch section of semi-lignified is two class scion, such lateral bud is not sprouted, and sprout is full, and millet is granular granular to soya bean, most suitable grafting,
It is ideal grafting scion.
(4) Root-stock selection：Robust growth, the 2 years red vertebra seedlings of life endangered without disease pest are selected as stock, height of seedling 50~
70cm, 1.5~3.0cm of ground diameter.
(5) scion pre-processes：After cutting blade using grafting shear, semi-lignified fringe bar is trimmed to 3~5cm scion, often
A scion retains 1~3 lateral bud, and upper and lower two sections of scion must be smooth, away from 1~2cm of lower section that scion front is oblique
It cuts, is whittled into wedge-shaped section wide outside and narrow inside, cut long 1.5~2cm；Scion reverse side gently prunes bark, exposes green bast, no
Survival rate can be reduced as deep as xylem.
(6) stock pre-processes：Away from cutting stock at the smooth no knot of bark at 20~40cm of seedling medium, notch is cut
It is flat, a knife is split with grafting knife is vertical in the middle part of stock, form 2.5~3cm long splits mouth, and the width for splitting mouth is identical as scion；Then
Gently stock grafting side bark, bast and xylem are removed with grafting knife, then inwardly crosscutting a bite, cut-out are wooden
Stock is cut into " u "-shaped and grafts face by portion.
(7) grafting operation：The positive wedge-formed incision of scion is split notch with stock closely to amplexiform, the reverse side and stock of scion
Bark, bast closely amplexiform, and polybag is used in combination to be sealed wrapping at grafting.
(8) managing after grafting：The double-deck shading net is set up after grafting, away from seedling bed 1m high, reduces transpiration, raising survives
Rate；Waterproof cloth is set up when rainy season, rainwater is avoided to penetrate into graft union as possible, induces mould, reduces survival rate；Grafting 10~20 days,
Scion budling, which sprouts, bursts polybag, 30~60 days, and grafting survival, young sprout takes out exhibition, removes the polybag of wrapping in time, and erases
Stock bud.
It is worth noting that, in the grafting operation step, scion wedge shape section is closely amplexiformed with stock vertical section, is connect
Fringe reverse side section is closely amplexiformed with stock bark, bast, forms two grafting paste junctions, grafting fastening, scion, stock are wooden
It is more perfect that function of organization is dredged in portion, bast, which grafts more reliable, survival rate higher.
In addition, in the Root-stock selection step, 2 years red vertebra seedlings of life need to be selected, because of 1 year raw seedling, ground diameter was small, grafting
Position is thin, and scion amplexiforms difficulty with stock, and graft survival rate is low；The above seedling of triennial, ground diameter is thick, scion and anvil after grafting
Wood amplexiforms closely, but seedling management is costly, and grafting and breeding cost is higher, therefore selects 2 years red vertebra seedlings of life most appropriate.
Present embodiment method is simple, and grafting fastening is stablized, and survival rate is high, and seedling can effectively keep the excellent of elite stand
Good inhereditary feature, it is ensured that new plant is consistent with elite stand fine quality, is suitable for high-quality red vertebra germ plasm resource strange land and preserves, is red
Vertebra germplasm gene pool structure, the construction of red vertebra breeding breeding garden and breeding seedling Clonal regeneration, have a vast market application prospect.
Embodiment 1：Red vertebra select tree grafting and breeding nursery working system, step are：
(1) select superior tree：No. A3018 candidate select tree, chest are chosen using 5 plants of dominant comparative methods on October 9th, 2014
Diameter, tree height, the volume of timber are respectively 32.41%, 19.47%, 102.52% beyond dominant tree ratio, the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, tree height, the volume of timber and its 5
The strain dominant tree diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, tree height, volume of timber average value and select tree growth indexes are shown in Table 1 more than dominant tree ratio, meet red vertebra select tree choosing
Standard is selected, enters to be selected as red vertebra select tree.
1 red vertebra select tree growth traits of table and dominant tree growth traits contrast table (embodiment 1)
(2) fringe bar acquisition and preservation：Clip select tree middle and upper part semi-lignified side shoot, and 10~30cm sections are trimmed to, it goes
Except leaf, each branch section retains 5~10, and preservative film closely after wrapping, is put into ice chest and takes back nursery.
(3) scion selects：Semi-lignified side shoot is selected as grafting scion, such scion lateral bud is not sprouted, and sprout is full,
It is granular granular to soya bean in millet, 24 grafting scion are selected altogether.
(4) Root-stock selection：Healthy and strong, disease-free nursery stock was selected in raw red vertebra seedling from 2 years as stock, ground diameter 1.5~
3.0cm, 50~70cm of height of seedling.
(5) scion pre-processes：After removing all blades, semi-lignified fringe bar is trimmed to 3~5cm scion, each scion
Retain 1~3 lateral bud, and cut from the downward square section in fringe bar middle part is flat, the beveling of scion front is whittled into wedge-shaped section wide outside and narrow inside,
Long 1.5~2cm；Scion reverse side gently prunes bark, exposes green bast.
(6) stock pre-processes：Away from cutting off stock at the smooth no knot of bark at 20~40cm of seedling medium, wound is cut
It is flat, it is indulged at 1/3~1/2 xylem from section and splits a knife, split the long 2.5~3cm of mouth, the width of notch is similar to scion；With cutting
Knife is gently by bark, bast and woody part from inside crosscutting a bite cuts off xylem, stock is cut into " u "-shaped junction.
(7) grafting operation：Scion front wedge-formed incision is split notch with stock closely to amplexiform, scion reverse side and stock tree
Skin, bast closely amplexiform, and grafting special plastic bag is used in combination to be sealed wrapping at grafting.
(8) managing after grafting：After grafting, the double-deck shading net is set up away from seedling bed 1m, reduces transpiration, raising survives
Rate；Waterproof cloth is set up when rainy season, rainwater is avoided to penetrate into graft union as possible, induces mould, reduces survival rate.Grafting 13 days, scion
Lateral bud is sprouted, and is grafted 25 days, and scion budling, which sprouts, bursts polybag, 30~45 days, grafting survival, and young sprout takes out exhibition, removal wrapping
Polybag, and stock lateral bud of erasing.
Through statistics, 24 plants of graftings survive 21 plants, survival rate 87.5%.
Embodiment 2：Red vertebra select tree grafting and breeding nursery working system, step are：
(1) select superior tree：No. A304 candidate select tree, chest are chosen using 5 plants of dominant comparative methods on January 22nd, 2015
Diameter, tree height, the volume of timber are respectively 33.62%, 24.11%, 102.34% beyond dominant tree ratio, the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, tree height, the volume of timber and its 5
The strain dominant tree diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, tree height, volume of timber average value and select tree growth indexes are shown in Table 2 more than dominant tree ratio, meet red vertebra select tree choosing
Standard is selected, red vertebra select tree is determined as.
2 red vertebra select tree growth traits of table and dominant tree growth traits contrast table (embodiment 2)
(2) fringe bar acquisition and preservation：Clip select tree middle and upper part side shoot, and 10~30cm branch sections are trimmed to, leaf is removed,
Each branch section retains 5~10, after preservative film wrapping, is put into ice chest and takes back nursery for grafting.
(3) scion selects：Semi-lignified side shoot is selected as grafting scion, such scion lateral bud is not sprouted, and sprout is full,
It is granular granular to soya bean in millet, 46 grafting scion are selected altogether.
(4) Root-stock selection：Healthy and strong, disease-free nursery stock was selected in raw red vertebra seedling from 2 years as stock, ground diameter 1.5~
3.0cm, 50~70cm of height of seedling.
(5) scion pre-processes：After removing all blades, semi-lignified fringe bar is trimmed to 3~5cm scion, each scion
Retain 1~3 lateral bud, and cut from the downward square section in scion middle part is flat, the beveling of scion front is whittled into wedge-shaped section wide outside and narrow inside,
Long 1.5~2cm；Scion reverse side gently prunes bark, exposes green bast.
(6) stock pre-processes：Away from cutting off stock at the smooth no knot of bark at 20~40cm of seedling medium, wound is cut
It is flat, it is indulged at 1/3~1/2 xylem from section and splits a knife, split the long 2.5~3cm of mouth, the width of notch is similar to scion, with cutting
Knife is gently by bark, bast and woody part from inside crosscutting a bite cuts off xylem, stock is cut into " u "-shaped junction.
(7) grafting operation：Scion front wedge-formed incision is split notch with stock closely to amplexiform, scion reverse side and stock tree
Skin, bast closely amplexiform, and polybag is used in combination to be sealed wrapping at grafting.
(8) managing after grafting：After grafting, the double-deck shading net is set up away from seedling bed 1m, reduces transpiration, raising survives
Rate；Waterproof cloth is set up when rainy season, rainwater is avoided to penetrate into graft union as possible, induces mould, reduces survival rate.Grafting 30 days, scion
Lateral bud item is sprouted, and is grafted 43 days, and scion budling, which sprouts, bursts polybag, grafts 61 days, grafting survival, and young sprout takes out exhibition, removes packet
The polybag of bundle, and stock lateral bud of erasing.
Through statistics, 46 plants of graftings survive 40 plants, survival rate 86.9%.
Embodiment 3：Red vertebra select tree grafting and breeding nursery working system, step are：
(1) select superior tree：The candidate select tree of select tree No. A3022 is chosen using 5 plants of dominant comparative methods on April 1st, 2015,
Its diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, tree be high, the volume of timber beyond dominant tree ratio is respectively 33.62%, 24.11%, 102.34%, the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, tree height, the volume of timber and
Its 5 plants of dominant tree diameters of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, tree height, volume of timber average value and select tree growth indexes are shown in Table 3 more than dominant tree ratio, meet red vertebra select tree
Selection criteria is determined as red vertebra select tree.
3 red vertebra select tree growth traits of table and dominant tree growth traits contrast table (embodiment 3)
(2) fringe bar acquisition and preservation：Clip select tree middle and upper part side shoot, and 10~30cm branch sections are trimmed to, leaf is removed,
Each branch section retains 5~10, after preservative film wrapping, is put into ice chest and takes back nursery for grafting.
(3) scion selects：Semi-lignified side shoot is selected as grafting scion, such scion lateral bud is not sprouted, and sprout is full,
It is granular granular to soya bean in millet, 60 grafting scion are selected altogether.
(4) Root-stock selection：Healthy and strong, disease-free nursery stock was selected in raw red vertebra seedling from 2 years as stock, ground diameter 1.5~
3.0cm, 50~70cm of height of seedling.
(5) scion pre-processes：After removing all blades, semi-lignified fringe bar is trimmed to 3~5cm scion, each scion
Retain 1~3 lateral bud, and cut from the downward square section in scion middle part is flat, the beveling of scion front is whittled into wedge-shaped section wide outside and narrow inside,
Long 1.5~2cm；Scion reverse side gently prunes bark, exposes green bast.
(6) stock pre-processes：Away from cutting off stock at the smooth no knot of bark at 20~40cm of seedling medium, wound is cut
It is flat, it is indulged at 1/3~1/2 xylem from section and splits a knife, split the long 2.5~3cm of mouth, the width of notch is similar to scion, with cutting
Knife is gently by bark, bast and woody part from inside crosscutting a bite cuts off xylem, stock is cut into " u "-shaped junction.
(7) grafting operation：Scion front wedge-formed incision is split notch with stock closely to amplexiform, scion reverse side and stock tree
Skin, bast closely amplexiform, and grafting special plastic bag is used in combination to be sealed wrapping at grafting.
(8) managing after grafting：After grafting, the double-deck shading net is set up away from seedling bed 1m, reduces transpiration, raising survives
Rate；Waterproof cloth is set up when rainy season, rainwater is avoided to penetrate into graft union as possible, induces mould, reduces survival rate.Grafting 13 days, scion
Lateral bud is sprouted, and is grafted 21 days, and scion budling, which sprouts, bursts polybag, grafts 49 days, grafting survival, and young sprout takes out exhibition, removes wrapping
Polybag, and stock bud of erasing.
Through statistics, 60 plants of graftings survive 59 plants, survival rate 98.3%.
Embodiment 4：Red vertebra select tree grafting and breeding nursery working system, step are：
(1) select superior tree：20 plants of select trees, each select tree chest are chosen using 5 plants of dominant comparative methods on November 18th, 2016
Diameter, tree are high, volume of timber inclusion criteria is shown in Table 4.
4 red vertebra select tree growth traits of table and dominant tree growth traits contrast table (embodiment 4)
(2) fringe bar acquisition and preservation：Clip select tree middle and upper part side shoot, and 10~30cm sections are trimmed to, leaf is removed, often
A section retains 5~10.When field acquisition, side shoot cutting carries out under tree shade, avoids sunlight, and side shoot plant division is hung
After label, after closely being wrapped up with preservative film, it is put into ice chest and takes back nursery for grafting；The scion that the same day has not been grafted is put into 10 DEG C
Refrigerator preserves.
(3) scion selects：Semi-lignified side shoot is selected as grafting scion, such scion lateral bud is not sprouted, and sprout is full,
It is granular granular to soya bean in millet, 688 grafting scion are selected altogether, and each select tree grafting Quantity of the scion is shown in Table 5.
5 select tree of table grafts number and graft survival rate
(4) Root-stock selection：Healthy and strong, disease-free nursery stock was selected in raw red vertebra seedling from 2 years as stock, ground diameter 1.5~
3.0cm, 50~70cm of height of seedling.
(5) scion pre-processes：After removing all blades, semi-lignified fringe bar is trimmed to 3~5cm scion, each scion
Retain 1~3 lateral bud, and cut from the downward square section in fringe bar middle part is flat, the beveling of scion front is whittled into wedge-shaped section wide outside and narrow inside,
Long 1.5~2cm；Scion reverse side gently prunes bark, exposes green bast.
(6) stock pre-processes：Away from cutting off stock at the smooth no knot of bark at 20~40cm of seedling medium, wound is cut
It is flat, it is indulged at 1/3~1/2 xylem from section and splits a knife, split the long 2.5~3cm of mouth, the width of notch is similar to scion, with cutting
Knife is gently by bark, bast and woody part from inside crosscutting a bite cuts off xylem, stock is cut into " u "-shaped junction.
(7) grafting operation：Scion front wedge-formed incision is split notch with stock closely to amplexiform, scion reverse side and stock tree
Skin, bast closely amplexiform, and grafting special plastic bag is used in combination to be sealed wrapping at grafting.
(8) managing after grafting：After grafting, the double-deck shading net is set up away from seedling bed 1m, reduces transpiration, raising survives
Rate；Waterproof cloth is set up when rainy season, rainwater is avoided to penetrate into graft union as possible, induces mould, reduces survival rate.Grafting 10~20 days,
Scion budling, which sprouts, bursts polybag, and 30~60 days, young sprout took out exhibition, removes the polybag of wrapping, and stock bud of erasing in time.
Through statistics, 20 plants of select trees graft 688 plants of graftings, 601 plants of grafting survival, survival rate 87.35%, each select tree in total
Grafting quantity, survive quantity, graft survival rate is shown in Table 5.
To sum up, the above embodiments 1-4 cultivates the red vertebra select tree of completion using grafting step disclosed by the invention and condition and transfers
Breeding is connect, high graft survival rate, operation is simple, is easily assembled nursery production line, and it is asexual to be suitable for high-quality red vertebra germ plasm resource strange land
It preserves, seed orchard construction and breeding clone are bred.
The above shows and describes the basic principles and main features of the present invention and the advantages of the present invention.The technology of the industry
Personnel are it should be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and the above embodiments and description only describe this
The principle of invention, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, various changes and improvements may be made to the invention, these changes
Change and improvement all fall within the protetion scope of the claimed invention.The claimed scope of the invention by appended claims and its
Equivalent thereof.
Claims (3)
1. red vertebra select tree grafting and breeding nursery working system, which is characterized in that its step is：
(1) select superior tree：Select tree is selected using 5 plants of dominant comparative methods, the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground of candidate select tree, tree are high, individual volume is more than
15%~26%, 5%~7%, the 41%~64% of dominant tree average value is into being selected as select tree；
(2) fringe bar acquisition and preservation：With the red vertebra select tree trunk middle and upper part semi-lignified side shoot of averruncator clip, it is trimmed to 10~
The branch section of 30cm long；Blade is cut, each branch section retains 5~10 climax leaves；It is closely wrapped up, is put with preservative film after hanging up label
Enter that ice chest is fresh-keeping to take back nursery；
(3) scion selects：According to fringe bar degree of lignification and lateral bud germinating, scion is classified：The high branch of degree of lignification
Section is a kind of scion, such scion lateral bud has been sprouted or without apparent bud scar, graft survival rate is low, uses no or little；Semi-lignified
Branch section be two class scion, such lateral bud do not sprout, and sprout is full, and millet is granular granular to soya bean, and most suitable grafting, is ideal
Graft scion；
(4) Root-stock selection：Robust growth, the 2 years red vertebra seedlings of life endangered without disease pest are selected as stock, height of seedling 50~
70cm, 1.5~3.0cm of ground diameter；
(5) scion pre-processes：After cutting blade using grafting shear, semi-lignified fringe bar is trimmed to the scion of 3~5cm long, often
A scion retains 1~3 lateral bud, and upper and lower two sections of scion must be smooth, away from 1~2cm of lower section that scion front is oblique
It cuts, is whittled into wedge-shaped section wide outside and narrow inside, cut long 1.5~2cm；Scion reverse side gently prunes bark, exposes green bast；
(6) stock pre-processes：Away from cutting stock at the smooth no knot of bark at 20~40cm of seedling medium, notch scabbles,
A knife is split with grafting knife is vertical in the middle part of stock, form 2.5~3cm long splits mouth, and the width for splitting mouth is identical as scion；Then with transferring
It connects knife gently to remove stock grafting side bark, bast and xylem, then inside crosscutting a bite, cuts off xylem, will
Stock is cut into " u "-shaped grafting face；
(7) grafting operation：Scion front wedge-formed incision is split notch with stock closely to amplexiform, it is scion reverse side and stock bark, tough
Skin zone closely amplexiforms, and polybag is used in combination to be sealed wrapping at grafting；
(8) managing after grafting：The double-deck shading net is set up after grafting, away from seedling bed 1m high, is reduced transpiration, is improved survival rate；
Waterproof cloth is set up when rainy season, rainwater is avoided to penetrate into graft union as possible, induces mould, reduces survival rate；Grafting 10~20 days, scion
Budling, which sprouts, bursts polybag, 30~60 days, and grafting survival, young sprout takes out exhibition, removes the polybag of wrapping, and stock of erasing in time
Bud.
2. red vertebra select tree grafting and breeding nursery working system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step (7)
In grafting operation, scion wedge shape section is closely amplexiformed with stock vertical section, and scion reverse side section and stock bark, bast are close
It amplexiforms, forms two grafting paste junctions, grafting fastening, it is more perfect that function of organization is dredged in scion, rootstock xylem, bast, should
Method grafts more reliable, survival rate higher.
3. red vertebra select tree grafting and breeding nursery working system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step (2)
During fringe bar preserves, when fringe bar acquires in the wild, direct sunlight need to be avoided, otherwise easily reduces graft survival rate, the same day is not grafted
Complete fringe bar is placed on 10 DEG C of refrigerators and preserves.
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