CN1311734C - Method for culturing young Chinese chestnut trees by tracting trigs - Google Patents
Method for culturing young Chinese chestnut trees by tracting trigs Download PDFInfo
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- CN1311734C CN1311734C CNB2005100123426A CN200510012342A CN1311734C CN 1311734 C CN1311734 C CN 1311734C CN B2005100123426 A CNB2005100123426 A CN B2005100123426A CN 200510012342 A CN200510012342 A CN 200510012342A CN 1311734 C CN1311734 C CN 1311734C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a method for culturing young Chinese chestnuts for high early yield by grafting and carving buds, which belongs to the cultivation technical field of Chinese chestnuts. The survive grafted saplings are cultivated according to the following steps: the branches are pulled in a natural opening type in the fourth year, and all the branches are pulled at 70 to 80 DEG of angles; buds are carved before germination in the first third of March to the last third of April; in the middle third of May, male flowers are removed chemically when the lengths of female flowers reach 2.5cm; the summer shearing is carried out in the last third of June, and the fruit thinning and the fertilization are carried out in the first third of July; the watering is carried out twice in the first third of July to the middle third of the August; the fertilization and the watering are carried out in the last third of March to the first third of April in the fifth year; complex fertilizer, equivalent urea and 200 to 300 grams of trace fertilizer are added, and water is poured; 150 grams of complex fertilizer is poured in the middle third of July; the trimming is carried out in the last third of March to the first third of April, six to eight branches are reserved per square meter; spindly growth branches, parallel growth branches, overlapping branches and crossing branches are removed in summer; four covers are reserved on one branch, and the exceeding parts are removed. The method has the advantages of science, high rationality, convenient implement and high Chinese chestnut yield.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the culture technique field of Chinese chestnut, particularly relate to the cultivation method of chestnut sapling trig-tracting and sprout-carving after the grafting.
Background technology
The Chinese chestnut tradition early bearing early general production process of rich technology is to plant in 1 year, slow seedling was filled the gaps with seedlings in 1 year, grafting in the 3rd to four year, first meeting in the 4th to five year fruit, form economic flow rate on the 6th to eight year, and just can reach the high yield index of 100 kilograms of per mu yields after the 10th year, have the weakness that the slow in early days seedling of treelet is slow, amount of growth is little, nourish and grow and grow to the reproductive growth transitional period, its main restricting factor is to set body in early days to recover slow, the little and area deficiency as a result of amount of growth.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of Chinese chestnut and set the body recovery in early days soon, can promote the sapling up-growth amount, plant the cultivation method that back per mu yield in the 4th year can reach 150 kilograms chestnut sapling trig-tracting and sprout-carving
The technical scheme that realizes the foregoing invention purpose is:
A, tractive bob branch, expansion tree crown: the time late March is pulled into the happy type of nature to early April with branch, does not stay the center to do, and all ends of the branch are all pulled into 70-80 degree angle, avoids overlapping branch, the appearance of intersection branch;
B, carve bud: the time late March carries out before germinateing to early April, and tractive is weighed down the branch of finishing, and the distance of press a fruit bearing shoot of 15cm in branch side back side, is made an accurate selection of bud, use metal saw blade, and the 3mm place cuts xylem before bud, urgees living fruit bearing shoot;
C, thinning male flowers chemically or the artificial hero of dredging: to mid-May, when male flower length arrives 2.5cm, add 13 kilograms in water, carry out thinning male flowers chemically, perhaps manually thin male flower 70-80% with dredging male pure one;
D, summer cut: late June, the fruit bearing shoot group of selecting and remain that the position is good is not tied the fluffy 20cm cutting back that stays, and remove water sprout, competition branch, intersect branch, the branch between busy, back of the body undershoot, thin and delicate branch stays does auxilliary support;
E, fruit thinning: early July, in leaf-fruit ratio 20-25: 1 ratio determines to stay the fruit amount, branch keep at most four fluffy, what exceed dredges;
F, summer topdress: July early and middle ten days, every strain tree is executed N, P, each 15% composite fertilizer, 150 gram of K, encloses treetop, digs 3 holes and applies respectively;
G, water: late July is watered water twice to mid-August, satisfies chestnut fruit expanding stage demand;
The 5th year
H, fertilizing, watering, late March be to early April, and every strain sealing fertilizer adds equivalent urea and adds an amount of little fertile 200-300 gram, and waters, July early and middle ten days sealing fertilizer 150 grams;
I prunes: the time late March is to early April, and the branch that has living space is wanted mutual tractive, will select the vigorous branches retraction to pushing up between busy, stays single end of the branch, stays the preparation branch, and the preparation branch stays 3 centimetres of cutting backs, and succeeding year is done the end of the branch, stays 6-8 end of the branch by every square meter, and what exceed removes; Summer pruning water sprout, and give birth to branch, overlapping branch, the branch that intersects and dredge, the good cultivation results branch group in position, is not tied fluffy cutting back and is facilitated the branch group to 20cm, and thin and delicate branch stays auxilliary support;
J, fruit thinning: 4 of a branch reservation is fluffy, and what exceed removes.
Adopt technique scheme, Chinese chestnut evening, the slow deficiency of benefit have as a result been overcome, sapling up-growth speed is fast, by implementing rational close planting, strengthen water and fertilizer management, branch after the grafting is led branch, carving intensive farming technology such as bud has realized planting trees in 1 year, became strong grafting in 3 years, the high benefit of 4 years get bumper crops (150 kilograms of per mu yields) in 2 years.This method is scientific and reasonable, is convenient to implement.
Embodiment
The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with reaching embodiment.
The present invention is undertaken by following step:
At first want the Jian Li garden.The Chinese chestnut happiness faces south, and P in soil H value is 6.5-7, the meta-acid sand loam soil, and Chinese chestnut is a mycorhiza, avoids sticking heavy, the low-lying easy waterlogging of soil.The following hillside fields of 25 degree with the whole ground of excavator, scrapes out 4 meters wide platforms by horizontal line, plants two row chestnuts.
Accomplish in short close excellent orchard: other crop of not intercropping, build up water conservancy projects, and realize no farmland running to weeds, no damage by disease and insect.Specific practice:
Planted in 1 year:
Select biennial one-level seedling, concrete standard is: more than the thick 1cm of basic stem, root system is complete, no damage by disease and insect.
1, plant the time: late March is to early April, specification: seeding row spacing 2 * 2-3 rice, mu field planting 111-166 strain.
2, apply fertilizer to the subsoil.Potassium sulfate compound fertilizer adds equivalent urea mixing.Tree well has dug, and spreads 50 gram mixed fertilizer in the hole, returns two earlier and mills soil, puts sapling again, accomplishes that root does not contact with chemical fertilizer, the anti-root that burns.After planting, in time decide bar, the high 50cm of bar.
3, water.Watered 3-5 time in 1 year, and guaranteed normal growth.In time water water for the first time when planting, late May is watered second water, and late June is watered the 3rd water, waters according to damage caused by a drought later in good time.
4, spray leaf fertilizer and insect protected.Because of Chinese chestnut seedling being completely cured of process of planting, suction, fertilizer sucting ability are very weak, must spray leaf fertilizer, and 100 jin of water add 0.3 jin of urea and add 0.2 jin in biphosphate potassium.Begin after opening up leaf the first tenday period of a month in May, spray in 10 days is once sprayed more than 4 times continuously.The fertile time of spray, preferably after at 4 in afternoon, the leave dual sides spray was dripped for good.Add the anti-chafer of the clean 1000 times of liquid of beetle the first tenday period of a month in May, 6-7 month adds Rogor, the control two spotted spider mite.Prevent defoliator August.
5, the summer cuts and decides major branch.Happy type, three branches that the angle of selecting and remain is good are done major branch, and the competition branch is pinched off young shoots to delay and is put.
6, mid-July, to topdress for the second time, a strain, is dug 2 dark 20cm holes and is applied apart from trunk 20cm place with each 15% composite fertilizer, 50 gram of N P K.
7, do not plough, carry out no-tillage system, anti-ly hinder root, ventilative, seedling laying is extremely set.
8, early November waters and freezes water, the winter protection safe overwintering, and autumn is not non-irrigated exempts to water.
1 year treelet of this method management can grow more than the thick 2cm of stem, forms little tree crown.
2 years are strong:
1, prune, finish to early April by the end of March, three major branches are stayed in a strain, do not stay the center to do.Major branch surpasses 50cm's, at 50cm place cutting back.Unnecessary branch removes, and thin and delicate branch is done the auxilliary branch of supporting.
2, fertilising.Late March is to early April, and N, P, each 15% composite fertilizer of K add equivalent urea and add an amount of borax, zinc sulphate, ferrous sulfate (the special little fertilizer of wheatland must be executed, and little fertilizer also can foliage-spray) and be made into compound fertilizer.Compound fertilizer 100 grams are executed in one strain, dig two holes apart from tree bar 30cm place and apply.
3, the summer cuts, mid-May, a major branch two side shoots that angle is good of selecting and remain, other pinching control.Side shoot is apart from more than the center-pole 40cm, and the pillar of laboring is used.
4, topdress for the second time to mid-July.Each 15% composite fertilizer, 100 gram of N P K are executed in every strain.
5, water and freeze water, early November waters and freezes water.Not aridly exempt to water.
Treelet can grow more than the thick 4cm of stem in 1 year.
Grafting in 3 years:
1, the treelet plastic trimming was finished before early April.Major branch stays 1-2 side shoot, and the straight rod usefulness of laboring is cut into one continuous line, does not block head (block head, resin flows slow, and grafting evening, survival rate reduces), and other branch is cut entirely, for grafting is prepared.
2, fertilizing, watering.Late March, composite fertilizer adds equivalent urea, and every strain is executed 100 grams and is watered.
3, adopt numeral, select excellent kind.The Yanshan Mountain of the suitable short hat dense planting of choosing is No. 2, red, the northern valley of rich, big plate etc. early.1. adopt numeral.Gather developmental branch and bearing basal shoot on the excellent kind tree on March-30 on the 15th, thick more than 0.5 centimetre, the dress plastic sack is indicated kind.2. numeral storage.With cellar or cavern storage, and seal entrance of cellar, hole, sheltering from heat or light with straw in ground, prevents to heat up, and temperature is no more than 13 ℃, more than the water surface of the few well that also can discharge water of amount, covers well lid.Shelf time is no more than 50 days and survives.Shelf time is long more, and graft survival rate is low more.
4, grafting time.Mid or late April, sprouting long began to 0.5cm.The guarantor survives: note Changes in weather, temperature goes back up to daily mean temperature more than 15 ℃, and weather is fine, the graft survival rate height; Notice that overcast and rainy, big cooling, bleeding phase graft survival rate are low.
5, grafting method.Slotting leather belly connects, and interface bares a tree of its bark more than the interface at trunk 20cm place, stays a 40-50cm post of laboring, and peeling is the most handy with pliers.
6, cut numeral.The long 3-5cm of bevel stays spike length 7cm, and 3-4 full bud arranged.
7, grafting fringe in the mobile jib inboard (prevent to draw time fracture), is pried open cortex, inserts scion rapidly, interface one a scion grafting fringe.
8, wrapping.Selecting grafting special plastic bar, interface is wrapped up tight, is knot that can be undone by a pull (tie up young sprout with).
9, anti-damaging by worms.Add insecticide with flour and make paste, be coated with full interface, prevent THE LARVAE OF CLEARWING MOTH ON CHESTNUT TREES moth food interface, prevention paulownia rot is propagated.
10, inspection survives, and in time mends to connect.After the grafting 15 days, the benefit of not rudiment of numeral connect.
11, remove rudiment, pluck chestnut flower, Li Peng.Behind the grafting survival, once remove rudiment weekly, simultaneously chestnut flower, Li Pengquan are removed, concentrate nutrition for the major branch growth.
12, uncord windproof wound.Uncord during the long 20cm of young sprout, draw and tie up young sprout on pillar, tie up the windproof wound branch of the tip 1 year three times.
13, decide major branch, select side shoot.Behind the grafting survival, strain tree stays 3-6 major branch, unnecessary removing; A major branch stays two (drawing a back horizontal level) side shoots, unnecessary dredging.Concentrate nutrient, make major branch long more than 1 meter.The major branch side shoot is not pinched off young shoots.
14, topdress.July early and middle ten days, every strain chases after composite fertilizer 100 gram.
15, Xiu Shuping.To 7-10 month, the embanked fieldization will be finished in the orchard, and this year do not finish, after 4 years tractives weigh down and expand tree crown, and operating difficulties.
16, water and freeze water.To early November, to water and freeze water, autumn is not non-irrigated exempts to water.
This management treelet can grow the thick 5cm of stem.
4 years high yields:
Per mu yield can reach the 100-200 kilogram, and strain is produced can reach the 0.5-1.5 kilogram.
1, fertilizing, watering, short male and female flowering forms, and finishes by the end of March.Composite fertilizer adds equivalent urea, and strain tree is executed 150 grams.Apart from tree bar 40cm place, dig three holes and apply, water immediately after the fertilising.Late May, water water for the second time, short pollination setting.
2, pillar is removed, flat with interface, heal.
3, tractive weighs down branch, expands tree crown.Time, late March was to early April.Branch is not hindered in the leaf branch deliquescing of flowing.Naturally happy type does not stay the center to do, and all ends of the branch are all pulled into 70-80 degree angle, avoids overlapping branch, the branch that intersects occurs, and unnecessary branch removes from stem, and the major branch side shoot is the annual stay cord of not understanding of cutting back not.Effect: the one, enlarge projected area, take whole field, desirable tree type is arranged; The 2nd, weaken the tree vigo(u)r of vigorous growth, create condition as a result to branch.The 3rd, improve output, do not lead a strain and produce half jin of fruit, draw a strain to produce 0.5-2 kilogram fruit.(1) lead branch: tree and tree oblique angle, diagonal angle, 70-80 degree angle is all led in all ends of the branch.(2) draw branch: can't lead the branch, ground face nailing timber, draw the branch to 70 the degree angles.Rope will have the 5cm distance with ground, avoids mashed rope.(3) weigh down branch: use thin wire, stone in the bob weighs down the end of the branch to 70 degree angles.Tractive weighs down all uses thin wire, extends working time, and prevents the resilience inefficacy.
4, carve bud.The time late March carries out before germinateing to early April.Tractive is weighed down the branch of finishing, and the distance of pressing a fruit bearing shoot of 15cm in branch side back side, is made an accurate selection of bud, uses metal saw blade, and the 3mm place cuts xylem before bud, and the short fruit bearing shoot of giving birth to is the result then.
5, thinning male flowers chemically or the artificial hero of dredging.To mid-May, male and female are mixed when spending length to 2.5cm, add 13 kilograms in water with dredging one of male alcohol, carry out thinning male flowers chemically, perhaps manually thin male flower 70-80%.
6, the summer cuts.Late June, the fruit bearing shoot group of selecting and remain that the position is good is not tied the fluffy 20cm cutting back that stays.Water sprout, competition branch, intersect branch, the branch between busy and all remove.Back of the body undershoot, thin and delicate branch are done the auxilliary branch of supporting.
7, fruit thinning improves the Chinese chestnut quality.Early July, in leaf-fruit ratio 20-25: 1 ratio determines to stay fluffy amount, branch keep at most four fluffy, what exceed dredges.
8, topdress summer.July early and middle ten days, each 15% composite fertilizer, 150 gram of N, P, K are executed in a strain.Enclose treetop, dig 3 holes and apply.
9, late July is watered water twice to mid-August, satisfies chestnut fruit expanding stage demand, not non-irrigatedly exempts to water.
5 years high yields.Per mu yield 150-300 kilogram, strain is produced can reach the 1-3 kilogram.
1, fertilizing, watering, late March are to early April, and every strain sealing fertilizer adds equivalent urea and adds little fertile 200-300 gram, and waters.Early and middle ten days strain in July sealing fertilizer 150 grams.
2, prune.Time, late March was to early April.That has living space will mutual tractive.The vigorous branches of will selecting that pushes up between having no time is bounced back.Stay single end of the branch, stay the preparation branch.The preparation branch stays 3 centimetres of cutting backs, and succeeding year is done the end of the branch.Stay 6-8 end of the branch by every square meter, fruit bearing shoot group of 30cm.What exceed removes.Summer pruning water sprout, and give birth to branch, overlapping branch, the branch that intersects and dredge, the good cultivation results branch group in position, is not tied fluffy cutting back and is facilitated branch to organize to 20cm.Thin and delicate branch stays the auxilliary branch of supporting.3, fruit thinning.By leaf-fruit ratio 20-25: 1 determines to stay fluffy amount, branch keep 4 fluffy, the early July that exceeds will remove, and enters the full bearing period after 6 years.Manage by " three short two dig management method ".
Claims (1)
1, a kind of cultivation method of chestnut sapling trig-tracting and sprout-carving is characterized in that, with the sapling that the chestnut tree that survives 2 years carried out grafting in the 3rd year, handles as follows:
The 4th year
A, tractive bob branch, expansion tree crown: the time late March is pulled into the happy type of nature to early April with branch, does not stay the center to do, and all ends of the branch are all pulled into 70-80 degree angle, avoids overlapping branch, the appearance of intersection branch;
B, carve bud: the time late March carries out before germinateing to early April, and tractive is weighed down the branch of finishing, and the distance of press a fruit bearing shoot of 15cm in branch side back side, is made an accurate selection of bud, use metal saw blade, and the 3mm place cuts xylem before bud, urgees living fruit bearing shoot;
C, thinning male flowers chemically or the artificial hero of dredging: to mid-May, when female flower length arrives 2.5cm, add 13 kilograms in water, carry out thinning male flowers chemically, perhaps manually thin male flower 70-80% with dredging male pure one;
D, summer cut: late June, the fruit bearing shoot group of selecting and remain that the position is good is not tied the fluffy 20cm cutting back that stays, and remove water sprout, competition branch, intersect branch, the branch between busy, back of the body undershoot, thin and delicate branch stays does auxilliary support;
E, fruit thinning: early July, in leaf-fruit ratio 20-25: 1 ratio determines to stay the fruit amount, branch keep at most four fluffy, what exceed dredges;
F, summer topdress: July early and middle ten days, every strain tree execute N, P, K each 15%, composite fertilizer's 150 grams enclose treetop and dig 3 holes and apply respectively;
G, late July are watered water twice to mid-August, satisfy chestnut fruit expanding stage demand;
The 5th year
H, fertilizing, watering, late March be to early April, and every strain sealing fertilizer adds equivalent urea and adds an amount of little fertile 200-300 gram, and waters, July early and middle ten days sealing fertilizer 150 grams;
I, pruning: the time late March is to early April, and the branch that has living space is wanted mutual tractive, and the vigorous branches of will selecting that pushes up between having no time is bounced back, and stays single end of the branch, stay the preparation branch, the preparation branch stays 3 centimetres of cutting backs, and succeeding year is done the end of the branch, stay 6-8 end of the branch by every square meter, fruit bearing shoot group of 30cm, what exceed removes; Summer pruning water sprout, and give birth to branch, overlapping branch, the branch that intersects and dredge, the good cultivation results branch group in position, is not tied fluffy cutting back and is facilitated the branch group to 20cm, and thin and delicate branch stays auxilliary support;
J, fruit thinning: 4 of a branch reservation is fluffy, and what exceed removes.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2005100123426A CN1311734C (en) | 2005-01-27 | 2005-01-27 | Method for culturing young Chinese chestnut trees by tracting trigs |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CNB2005100123426A CN1311734C (en) | 2005-01-27 | 2005-01-27 | Method for culturing young Chinese chestnut trees by tracting trigs |
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| CN1311734C true CN1311734C (en) | 2007-04-25 |
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Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102283069A (en) * | 2011-07-06 | 2011-12-21 | 李印志 | Method for cultivating grafted optimal code chestnut tree |
| CN104012219B (en) * | 2014-06-12 | 2016-06-08 | 河北农业大学 | The bud method at quarter of multiple branch is done at a kind of Li Miao of inspiring center |
| CN104705082A (en) * | 2015-03-26 | 2015-06-17 | 迁西县职业技术教育中心 | Pruning method of big Chinese chestnut full-grown trees |
| CN107484622A (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2017-12-19 | 广西那坡县翠株园林业科技有限公司 | A kind of pruning method of Chinese chestnut tree |
| CN107691011A (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2018-02-16 | 东兰县旺达板栗茶油种植专业合作社 | The pruning method of Chinese chestnut bearing-age tree |
| CN107667754A (en) * | 2017-10-10 | 2018-02-09 | 罗荣棋 | The planting technology method of one breeder awl tree |
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2005
- 2005-01-27 CN CNB2005100123426A patent/CN1311734C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| 早熟型高产板栗栽培技术 顾炳贤等，浙江林业科技，第16卷第4期 1996 * |
| 板栗及其早果丰产栽培技术 张晋昌，晋新院，内蒙古林业调查设计，第26卷第3期 2003 * |
| 板栗及其早果丰产栽培技术 张晋昌，晋新院，内蒙古林业调查设计，第26卷第3期 2003;早熟型高产板栗栽培技术 顾炳贤等，浙江林业科技，第16卷第4期 1996 * |
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