CN101253842A

CN101253842A - Jinxiangyuli early high yield cultivation technology

Info

Publication number: CN101253842A
Application number: CNA2008100523969A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘光全
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2008-03-11
Filing date: 2008-03-11
Publication date: 2008-09-03
Anticipated expiration: 2028-03-11
Also published as: CN101253842B

Abstract

The invention relates to a technology for early-stage cultivation of prolific pear trees. According to the technology, the row spacing is between 2m and 4m, the plant spacing is between 0.5m and 1m, and the set trunk height is between 0.3m and 0.8m; not more than two skeleton branches are left on the trunk; pests to be controlled are mainly flour weevil, psylla chinensis, comstock mealybug, etc., by rotationally and compositionally applying pesticides including Haloxon, Acetamiprid and Avermectin; 5 to 6 cubic meters of miscellaneous manure is applied to fruit-bearing pear trees every autumn; NPK fertilizer, calcium fertilizer and trace element fertilizer are applied as required by production; the pear trees are watered with sufficient freezing water, and then well watered before and after blossoming; the pear trees should be well watered during the fruit-expansion period; watering should be controlled 15 days before harvesting pears. Compared with prior cultivating method, the technology has the advantages of convenient trimming and daily management, good fruit quality and high price, as well as early-stage proliferation.

Description

Jinxiangyuli early high yield cultivation technology

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of early high-yield culture technique of pears.

Background technology

Korea S's sand pear cording has outward appearance U.S., mouthfeel is good, the market price is high advantage, its shaping mode adopts layering shape or spindle more, promptly adopt and keep trunk, diverse location different spacing at trunk is reserved side shoot, again on side shoot give birth to fruit bearing shoot and yield positive results, this shaping methods exists and is not easy to pruning fruit tree and sprays insecticide, and is unfavorable for many shortcomings such as early high-yield.

Summary of the invention

At the problem that prior art exists, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of fruit quality of pruning and spraying insecticide conveniently, bearing well can make the culture technique of pear tree early high-yield again.

For achieving the above object, line-spacing 2-4 rice of the present invention, spacing in the rows is between 0.5 meter-1 meter; In pruning, heading height stays two following skeleton branches on the trunk between 0.3 meter-0.8 meter.

Further, 4 meters of line-spacings of the present invention, trunk each side stay a skeleton branch, the tree-like V font of selecting for use.

Further, 2 meters of line-spacings of the present invention only stay a skeleton branch in trunk one side, adopt predominate tree-like.

Further, 4 meters of line-spacings of the present invention, spacing in the rows is 0.5 meter; In pruning, heading height is between 0.3 meter-0.4 meter, and trunk each side stays a skeleton branch, the tree-like V font of selecting for use.

Further, 4 meters of line-spacings of the present invention, spacing in the rows is 0.5 meter; In pruning, heading height is between 0.3 meter-0.4 meter, and a skeleton branch is respectively stayed in the trunk both sides, the tree-like V font of selecting for use; On the extermination of disease and insect pest, the bearing-age tree emphasis is pest control, and main controlling object is yellow mealworm, pear sucker, Kang Shi mealybug, and the method for control is constantly to prevent and treat medicament pyrrole worm phosphorus, Acetamiprid, Avermectin with composite use by turns; On soil, fertilizer, water management, the annual autumn of bearing-age tree is executed farmyard manure 5-6 side, and according to every ratio of producing 1 jin of purity nitrogen of 100Kg pears needs, 0.5 jin of pure phosphorus, 1 jin of pure potassium, apply required nitrogen, phosphorus, K composite fertilizer according to output, calcareous fertilisers and trace element fertilizer are executed farmyard manure with the autumn and are applied, standard is that 10,000 jin of need of per mu yield apply 50 jin of water-soluble calcareous fertilizers, need apply each 20 jin of trace elements such as iron, zinc, boron, copper, magnesium, water the freeze-up water of foot, water and spend preceding, Hua Houshui, fruit expanding period is watered and is wanted sufficient, and the control in preceding 15 days of gathering is watered.

Further, second crop soil is not preferably selected in the garden of building of planting, be will the carrying out soil disinfection, impose little fertilizer of field, control soil insect in the past, 4 meters of line-spacings, 0.5 meter of spacing in the rows, after reserving line-spacing, excavate wide 0.8 meter, dark 0.8 meter plantation ditch, mu is executed chicken manure, cow dung is main farmyard manure 2-3 side, 80 kilograms of composite fertilizers, little fertile 10 kilograms, banket, beat furrow, irrigation ditch, the no damage by disease and insect seedling of the seedling of planting choosing, the time of planting be preferably in freeze-up before, before also the rudiment in spring can being selected in, behind the good sapling of field planting, water sufficient water.

Further, the time of planting be preferably in freeze-up before, before also can being selected in the rudiment in spring, in pruning, before freeze-up or rudiment in spring predetermination do, heading height is between 0.3 meter-0.4 meter, a skeleton branch is respectively stayed in the trunk both sides, the tree-like V font of selecting for use, concrete steps are after 1 year fixed doing, and with small bamboo or other supporter spending support angle, each inserts a bamboo pole every tree both sides when branch length to 70 centimetre, bamboo pole becomes 70 degree with the angle on ground, earth anchor is buried at the two ends of row, couples together with the upper end of attachment with bamboo pole again, and every two force of selecting and remain are suitable, the very not contiguous again branch in living trunk position and do skeleton branch, and tie up on bamboo pole; Only produce a vigorous branches, only tie up a bamboo pole, utilize the coming year back advantage of tree can produce a corresponding skeleton branch; The tree that produces two above branches will be selected skeleton branch branch in addition according to actual conditions, needs only its angle and is not higher than skeleton branch, gets rid of to put to get final product, and does not go but do not dredge.

Further, the 1 year winter of growing after 1 year cuts, 1 meter of spacing in the rows, skeleton branch stays 35-40 centimetre heavily to cut, and generally is that 1/3rd of current increment take the space with the short side shoot of giving birth to fast by it, does not arrange output as far as possible, and nourishes and grows with acceleration in 1 year; Will cutting in the 50-60 centimeters of 50 centimetres of spacing in the rows generally is about half of current increment, only cultivates a side shoot, and the output that can arrange the 200-300 kilogram; Spacing in the rows less than 50 centimetres generally cut 1/3rd of current increment, do not stay side shoot on the skeleton branch, allow fruit bearing shoot direct give birth on skeleton branch, growing way is good arranges output about 1000 kilograms, first bud preferably stays the back bud under the clip.

Further, grow pruning after 2 years, to all skeleton branches, side shoot stays without exception carries on the back the cutting back that sprouts, the degree of cutting back will be according to the situation of tree vigo(u)r, what tree vigo(u)r was prosperous will be lightly, what tree vigo(u)r was weak will weigh, generally will cut the 20-30% of branch then, to the branch beyond skeleton branch and the side shoot, that has living space can suitably keep and cutting back, but force can not surpass skeleton branch, surpass and overstocked will dredging, for the back branch, the down weak branch of the back of the body, overstocked side shoot all will be dredged, and clip will be near major branch, do not allow it produce some weak middle long shoots, fruit branch for back, in fruit spur dredge as far as possible and go, keep the branch back of the body down and side back of the body fruit spur down more, the side that produces every year is carried on the back, if angle is good, location-appropriate can keep, and constantly removes to upgrade the side shoot of other result more than 3 years.

Further, flower and fruit management and bagging, though the beautiful pears percentage of fertile fruit height of brocade, but preferably join the different cultivars of planting more than 10% and do pollinizers, also can carry out artificial pollination, the commerial growing florescence can put wall honeybee pollination, thanks and wants strict fruit thinning after spending, the fruit of axillary bud and fruit spur knot under the branch of as far as possible the selecting and remain back of the body, the fruit of back is dredged as far as possible and goes, the distance of the fruit of the tree vigo(u)r golden mean of the Confucian school and fruit with 30 centimetres for well, what tree vigo(u)r was strengthened can be closeer, weak tree can be rarer, periphery and the base portion of tree are rarer, and skeleton branch and side shoot haunch place can be closeer, little closeer of branch age, branch age big rarer, generally the select and remain fruit of the two or three bow structure of each inflorescence was sprayed twice sterilization after spending 10 days thanking every 10-15 days, insecticide, paper is that paper is the best of yellow in the brown paper beyond the fruit bag, fruit bag specification is general wide to be not less than 17 centimetres, long be not less than 21 centimetres, bagging time generally spent carry out in back one month thanking, and the time is no more than one month, will strut during bagging and guarantee the unimpeded of discharge outlet and blow vent, sack will be tightened.

The present invention compares with existing planting type, owing to adopt 4 meters of line-spacings, spacing in the rows is 0.5 meter; In pruning, heading height is between 0.3 meter-0.4 meter, and a skeleton branch is respectively stayed in the trunk both sides, the tree-like V font of selecting for use; On the extermination of disease and insect pest, the bearing-age tree emphasis is pest control, and main controlling object is yellow mealworm, pear sucker, Kang Shi mealybug, and the method for control is constantly to prevent and treat medicament pyrrole worm phosphorus, Acetamiprid, Avermectin with composite use by turns; On soil, fertilizer, water management, the annual autumn of bearing-age tree is executed farmyard manure 5-6 side, apply required nitrogen, phosphorus, K composite fertilizer according to output, calcareous fertilisers and trace element fertilizer water the freeze-up water of foot, water and spend preceding, Hua Houshui, fruit expanding period is watered and is wanted sufficient, the water yield is watered in the control in preceding 15 days of gathering, and has therefore both had to prune and the good price height of fruit quality that daily management makes things convenient for, bears the advantage that pear tree again can early high-yield.

Description of drawings

The present invention does not have accompanying drawing

Embodiment

Second crop soil is not preferably selected in embodiment 1, the garden of building of planting, be will the carrying out soil disinfection, impose little fertilizer of field, control soil insect in the past, 2003 4 meters of area, Laixi, Shandong employing line-spacings, 0.5 meter of spacing in the rows, after reserving line-spacing, excavate wide 0.8 meter, dark 0.8 meter plantation ditch, mu is executed chicken manure, cow dung is main farmyard manure 2-3 side, furrow, irrigation ditch are banketed, beaten in 80 kilograms of composite fertilizers, by little fertile 10 kilograms, the no damage by disease and insect seedling of the seedling of planting choosing, the time of planting behind the good sapling of field planting, is watered sufficient water before freeze-up.

In pruning, freeze-up predetermination is done, heading height is between 0.3 meter-0.4 meter, perpendicular year spring, a skeleton branch was respectively stayed in the trunk both sides, the tree-like V font of selecting for use, concrete steps are after 1 year fixed doing, with small bamboo or other supporter spending support angle, each inserts a bamboo pole every tree both sides when branch length to 70 centimetre, and bamboo pole becomes 70 to spend with the angle on ground, earth anchor is buried at the two ends of row, couple together with the upper end of attachment with bamboo pole, and lie on the earth anchor of two ends, every two force of selecting and remain are suitable, the very not contiguous again branch in living trunk position and do skeleton branch, and tie up on bamboo pole; Only produce a vigorous branches, only tie up a bamboo pole, utilize the coming year back advantage of tree can produce a corresponding skeleton branch; The tree that produces two above branches will be selected skeleton branch branch in addition according to actual conditions, needs only its angle and is not higher than skeleton branch, gets rid of to put to get final product, and does not go but do not dredge.

1 year winter of growing after 1 year cuts, and cutting in the 50-60 centimeters of 50 centimetres of spacing in the rows generally is about half of current increment, only cultivates a side shoot, and arranged the output of 200-300 kilogram.

Grow pruning after 2 years, to all skeleton branches, side shoot stays without exception carries on the back the cutting back that sprouts, the degree of cutting back will be according to the situation of tree vigo(u)r, what tree vigo(u)r was prosperous will be lightly, what tree vigo(u)r was weak will weigh, generally to cut the 20-30% of branch then, to the branch beyond skeleton branch and the side shoot, that has living space can suitably keep and cutting back, but force can not surpass skeleton branch, surpasses and overstocked will dredging, for the back branch, the down weak branch of the back of the body, overstocked side shoot all will be dredged, and clip will not allow it produce some weak middle long shoots, for the fruit branch of back near major branch, middle fruit spur is dredged as far as possible and is gone, keep under the branches back of the body and the fruit spur under the side back of the body more, to the side back of the body branch that produces every year, if angle is good, location-appropriate can keep, and constantly removes to upgrade the side shoot of other result more than 3 years.

Flower and fruit management and bagging, though the beautiful pears percentage of fertile fruit height of brocade, join the different cultivars of planting more than 10% and do pollinizers, also carry out artificial pollination and put the pollination of wall honeybee, thank and spend the strict fruit thinning in back, the fruit of axillary bud and disconnected fruit branch knot under the branch of as far as possible the selecting and remain back of the body, the fruit of back is dredged as far as possible and goes, the distance of the fruit of the tree vigo(u)r golden mean of the Confucian school and fruit with 30 centimetres for well, it is closeer that tree vigo(u)r is strengthened, weak tree is rarer, periphery and the base portion of tree are rarer, and skeleton branch and side shoot haunch place are closeer, little closeer of branch age, branch age big rarer, generally the select and remain fruit of the two or three bow structure of each inflorescence was sprayed twice sterilization after spending 10 days thanking every 10-15 days, it is that paper is yellow in the brown paper that insecticide, fruit bag adopt outer paper, fruit bag specification is general wide to be not less than 17 centimetres, long be not less than 21 centimetres, bagging time generally spent carry out in back one month thanking, and the time is no more than one month, will strut during bagging and guarantee the unimpeded of discharge outlet and blow vent, sack will be tightened.

On the extermination of disease and insect pest, the bearing-age tree emphasis is pest control, and main controlling object is yellow mealworm, pear sucker, Kang Shi mealybug, and the method for control is constantly to prevent and treat medicament pyrrole worm phosphorus, Acetamiprid, Avermectin with composite use by turns.

At soil, fertile, on the water management, the annual autumn of bearing-age tree is executed farmyard manure 5-6 side, and according to 1 jin of purity nitrogen of every production 100Kg pears needs, 0.5 the pure phosphorus of jin, the ratio of 1 jin of pure potassium, apply required nitrogen according to output, phosphorus, K composite fertilizer, calcareous fertilisers and trace element fertilizer and autumn execute that farmyard manure is disposable to apply, standard is that 10,000 jin of need of per mu yield apply 50 jin of water-soluble calcareous fertilizers, need apply iron, zinc, boron, copper, each 20 jin of trace elements such as magnesium, water the freeze-up water of foot, water spend before, Hua Houshui, fruit expanding period is watered and is wanted sufficient, the control in preceding 15 days of gathering is watered, and surveys product on the spot through Shandong forestry department and identifies that with quality per mu yield reaches 12256 kilograms in 2007, sugar content reaches 14.5%, has surpassed the international standard of sugar content 13.5%.

Claims

1, bright and beautiful beautiful pears early high-yield culture technique is characterized in that: line-spacing 2-4 rice, and spacing in the rows is between 0.5 meter-1 meter; In pruning, heading height stays two following skeleton branches on the trunk between 0.3 meter-0.8 meter.

2, according to the beautiful pears early high-yield of the described brocade of claim 1 culture technique, it is characterized in that: 4 meters of line-spacings, trunk each side stay a skeleton branch, the tree-like V font of selecting for use.

3, according to the beautiful pears early high-yield of the described brocade of claim 1 culture technique, it is characterized in that: 2 meters of line-spacings, only stay a skeleton branch in trunk one side, adopt predominate tree-like.

4, according to the beautiful pears early high-yield of the described brocade of claim 1 culture technique, it is characterized in that: 4 meters of line-spacings, spacing in the rows are 0.5 meter; In pruning, heading height is between 0.3 meter-0.4 meter, and trunk each side stays a skeleton branch, the tree-like V font of selecting for use.

5, according to the beautiful pears early high-yield of the described brocade of claim 1 culture technique, it is characterized in that: 4 meters of line-spacings, spacing in the rows are 0.5 meter; In pruning, heading height is between 0.3 meter-0.4 meter, and a skeleton branch is respectively stayed in the trunk both sides, the tree-like V font of selecting for use; On the extermination of disease and insect pest, the bearing-age tree emphasis is pest control, and main controlling object is yellow mealworm, pear sucker, Kang Shi mealybug, and the method for control is constantly to prevent and treat medicament pyrrole worm phosphorus, Acetamiprid, Avermectin with composite use by turns; On soil, fertilizer, water management, the annual autumn of bearing-age tree is executed farmyard manure 5-6 side, and according to every ratio of producing 1 jin of purity nitrogen of 100Kg pears needs, 0.5 jin of pure phosphorus, 1 jin of pure potassium, apply required nitrogen, phosphorus, K composite fertilizer according to output, calcareous fertilisers and trace element fertilizer are executed farmyard manure with the autumn and are applied, standard is that 10,000 jin of need of per mu yield apply 50 jin of water-soluble calcareous fertilizers, need apply each 20 jin of trace elements such as iron, zinc, boron, copper, magnesium, water the freeze-up water of foot, water and spend preceding, Hua Houshui, fruit expanding period is watered and is wanted sufficient, and the control in preceding 15 days of gathering is watered.

6, according to the beautiful pears early high-yield of the described brocade of claim 1 culture technique, it is characterized in that: second crop soil is not preferably selected in the garden of building of planting, be in the past the field to carry out soil disinfection, impose little fertilizer, the control soil insect, 4 meters of line-spacings, 0.5 meter of spacing in the rows, after reserving line-spacing, excavate wide 0.8 meter, dark 0.8 meter plantation ditch, mu is executed chicken manure, cow dung is main farmyard manure 2-3 side, 80 kilograms of composite fertilizers, little fertile 10 kilograms, banket, beat furrow, irrigation ditch, the no damage by disease and insect seedling of the seedling of planting choosing, the time of planting be preferably in freeze-up before, before also the rudiment in spring can being selected in, behind the good sapling of field planting, water sufficient water.

7, according to the beautiful pears early high-yield of the described brocade of claim 1 culture technique, it is characterized in that: the time of planting be preferably in freeze-up before, before also can being selected in the rudiment in spring, in pruning, before freeze-up or rudiment in spring predetermination do, heading height is between 0.3 meter-0.4 meter, a skeleton branch is respectively stayed in the trunk both sides, the tree-like V font of selecting for use, concrete steps are after 1 year fixed doing, and with small bamboo or other supporter spending support angle, each inserts a bamboo pole every tree both sides when branch length to 70 centimetre, bamboo pole becomes 70 degree with the angle on ground, earth anchor is buried at the two ends of row, couples together with the upper end of attachment with bamboo pole again, and every two force of selecting and remain are suitable, the very not contiguous again branch in living trunk position and do skeleton branch, and tie up on bamboo pole; Only produce a vigorous branches, only tie up a bamboo pole, utilize the coming year back advantage of tree can produce a corresponding skeleton branch; The tree that produces two above branches will be selected skeleton branch branch in addition according to actual conditions, needs only its angle and is not higher than skeleton branch, gets rid of to put to get final product, and does not go but do not dredge.

8, according to the beautiful pears early high-yield of the described brocade of claim 1 culture technique, it is characterized in that: the 1 year winter of growing after 1 year cuts, 1 meter of spacing in the rows, skeleton branch stays 35-40 centimetre heavily to cut, generally be that 1/3rd of current increment takes the space with the short side shoot of giving birth to fast by it, do not arrange output in 1 year as far as possible, nourish and grow with acceleration; Will cutting in the 50-60 centimeters of 50 centimetres of spacing in the rows generally is about half of current increment, only cultivates a side shoot, and the output that can arrange the 200-300 kilogram; Spacing in the rows less than 50 centimetres generally cut 1/3rd of current increment, do not stay side shoot on the skeleton branch, allow fruit bearing shoot direct give birth on skeleton branch, growing way is good arranges output about 1000 kilograms, first bud preferably stays the back bud under the clip.

9, according to the beautiful pears early high-yield of the described brocade of claim 1 culture technique, it is characterized in that: the pruning after 2 years of growing, to all skeleton branches, side shoot stays without exception carries on the back the cutting back that sprouts, the degree of cutting back will be according to the situation of tree vigo(u)r, what tree vigo(u)r was prosperous will be lightly, what tree vigo(u)r was weak will weigh, generally to cut the 20-30% of branch then, to the branch beyond skeleton branch and the side shoot, that has living space can suitably keep and cutting back, but force can not surpass skeleton branch, surpass and overstocked will dredging, for the back branch, the down weak branch of the back of the body, overstocked side shoot all will be dredged, and clip will be near major branch, do not allow it produce some weak middle long shoots, fruit branch for back, in fruit spur dredge as far as possible and go, keep the branch back of the body down and side back of the body fruit spur down more, the side that produces every year is carried on the back, if angle is good, location-appropriate can keep, and constantly removes to upgrade the side shoot of other result more than 3 years.

10, according to the beautiful pears early high-yield of the described brocade of claim 1 culture technique, it is characterized in that: flower and fruit management and bagging, though the beautiful pears percentage of fertile fruit height of brocade, but preferably join the different cultivars of planting more than 10% and do pollinizers, also can carry out artificial pollination, the commerial growing florescence can put the pollination of wall honeybee, thank and want strict fruit thinning after spending, the fruit of axillary bud and fruit spur knot under the branch of as far as possible the selecting and remain back of the body, the fruit of back is dredged as far as possible and goes, the distance of the fruit of the tree vigo(u)r golden mean of the Confucian school and fruit with 30 centimetres for well, what tree vigo(u)r was strong can be closeer, weak tree can be rarer, periphery and the base portion of tree are rarer, skeleton branch and side shoot haunch place can be closeer, little closeer of branch age, branch age big rarer, generally the select and remain fruit of the two or three bow structure of each inflorescence was sprayed twice sterilization after spending 10 days thanking every 10-15 days, insecticide, paper is that paper is the best of yellow in the brown paper beyond the fruit bag, fruit bag specification is general wide to be not less than 17 centimetres, long be not less than 21 centimetres, bagging time generally spent carry out in back one month thanking, and the time is no more than one month, will strut during bagging and guarantee the unimpeded of discharge outlet and blow vent, sack will be tightened.