CN101253842B - Jinyu pear early high yield cultivation technology - Google Patents
Jinyu pear early high yield cultivation technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN101253842B CN101253842B CN2008100523969A CN200810052396A CN101253842B CN 101253842 B CN101253842 B CN 101253842B CN 2008100523969 A CN2008100523969 A CN 2008100523969A CN 200810052396 A CN200810052396 A CN 200810052396A CN 101253842 B CN101253842 B CN 101253842B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a technology for early-stage cultivation of prolific pear trees. According to the technology, the row spacing is between 2m and 4m, the plant spacing is between 0.5m and 1m, and the set trunk height is between 0.3m and 0.8m; not more than two skeleton branches are left on the trunk; pests to be controlled are mainly flour weevil, psylla chinensis, comstock mealybug, etc.,by rotationally and compositionally applying pesticides including Haloxon, Acetamiprid and Avermectin; 5 to 6 cubic meters of miscellaneous manure is applied to fruit-bearing pear trees every autumn; NPK fertilizer, calcium fertilizer and trace element fertilizer are applied as required by production; the pear trees are watered with sufficient freezing water, and then well watered before and after blossoming; the pear trees should be well watered during the fruit-expansion period; watering should be controlled 15 days before harvesting pears. Compared with prior cultivating method, the technology has the advantages of convenient trimming and daily management, good fruit quality and high price, as well as early-stage proliferation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of early high-yield cultivation method of pears.
Korea S's sand pear cording has the advantage that outward appearance is beautiful, mouthfeel is good, the market price is high; Its shaping mode adopts layering shape or spindle more; Promptly adopt to keep trunk, reserve side shoot in the diverse location different spacing of trunk, again on side shoot give birth to fruit bearing shoot and yield positive results; This shaping methods exists and is not easy to pruning fruit tree and sprays insecticide, and is unfavorable for many shortcomings such as early high-yield.
To the problem that prior art exists, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of fruit quality of pruning and spraying insecticide conveniently, bearing well can make the culture technique of pear tree early high-yield again.
Be the realization above-mentioned purpose, line-spacing 2-4 rice of the present invention, spacing in the rows is between 0.5 meter-1 meter; In pruning, heading height stays two following skeleton branches on the trunk between 0.3 meter-0.8 meter.
Further, 4 meters of line-spacings of the present invention, trunk each side stay a skeleton branch, the tree-like V font of selecting for use.
Further, 2 meters of line-spacings of the present invention only stay a skeleton branch in trunk one side, adopt predominate tree-like.
Further, 4 meters of line-spacings of the present invention, spacing in the rows is 0.5 meter; In pruning, heading height is between 0.3 meter-0.4 meter, and trunk each side stays a skeleton branch, the tree-like V font of selecting for use.
Further, 4 meters of line-spacings of the present invention, spacing in the rows is 0.5 meter; In pruning, heading height is between 0.3 meter-0.4 meter, and a skeleton branch is respectively stayed in the trunk both sides, the tree-like V font of selecting for use; On the extermination of disease and insect pest, the bearing-age tree emphasis is pest control, and main controlling object is yellow mealworm, pear sucker, Kang Shi mealybug, and the method for control is constantly to prevent and treat medicament pyrrole worm phosphorus, Acetamiprid, AVM with composite use by turns; On soil, fertilizer, water management, the annual autumn of bearing-age tree is executed farmyard manure 5-6 side, and needs the ratio of 1 jin of purity nitrogen, 0.5 jin of pure phosphorus, 1 jin of pure potassium according to every production 100Kg pears; Apply required nitrogen, phosphorus, K composite fertilizer according to output; Calcareous fertilisers and trace element fertilizer are executed farmyard manure with the autumn and are applied, and standard is that 10,000 jin of need of per mu yield apply 50 jin of water-soluble calcareous fertilizers, need apply each 20 jin of trace elements such as iron, zinc, boron, copper, magnesium; Water the freeze-up water of foot; Water and spend preceding, Hua Houshui, fruit expanding period to water to want sufficient, the control in preceding 15 days of gathering is watered.
Further, second crop soil is not preferably selected in the garden of building of planting, and is will the carrying out soil disinfection, impose little fertilizer of field, control soil insect in the past, 4 meters of line-spacings; 0.5 meter of spacing in the rows, reserve line-spacing after, excavate wide 0.8 meter, dark 0.8 meter plantation ditch; Mu is executed chicken manure, cow dung is main farmyard manure 2-3 side, 80 kilograms of composite fertilizers, little fertile 10 kilograms; Banket, beat furrow, irrigation ditch, the no damage by disease and insect seedling of the seedling of planting choosing, the time of planting be preferably in freeze-up before; Before also the rudiment in spring can being selected in, behind the good sapling of field planting, water sufficient water.
Further, the time of planting be preferably in freeze-up before, also can be selected in the rudiment in spring before, in pruning; Before freeze-up or rudiment in spring predetermination do, heading height is between 0.3 meter-0.4 meter, a skeleton branch is respectively stayed in the trunk both sides, the tree-like V font of selecting for use; Concrete steps are after 1 year fixed doing, and with small bamboo or other supporter spending support angle, each inserts a bamboo pole every tree both sides when branch length to 70 centimetre; Bamboo pole becomes 70 degree with the angle on ground, earth anchor is buried at the two ends of row, couples together with the upper end of attachment with bamboo pole again; Every two force of selecting and remain are suitable, the very contiguous again branch in living trunk position and do skeleton branch, and tie up on bamboo pole; Only produce a vigorous branches, only tie up a bamboo pole, utilize the coming year back advantage of tree can produce a corresponding skeleton branch; The tree that produces two above branches will be selected the branch beyond the skeleton branch according to actual conditions, needs only its angle and is not higher than skeleton branch, gets rid of to put to get final product, and does not go but do not dredge.
Further, the 1 year winter of growing after 1 year cuts, 1 meter of spacing in the rows, skeleton branch stays 35-40 centimetre heavily to cut, and generally is that 1/3rd of current increment take the space with the short side shoot of giving birth to by it fast, does not arrange output as far as possible, and nourishes and grows with acceleration in 1 year; Will in the 50-60 centimeters, cutting of 50 centimetres of spacing in the rows generally is about half of current increment, only cultivates a side shoot, and the output that can arrange the 200-300 kilogram; Spacing in the rows less than 50 centimetres generally cut 1/3rd of current increment, do not stay side shoot on the skeleton branch, let fruit bearing shoot direct give birth on skeleton branch, growing way is good arranges the output about 1000 kilograms, first bud preferably stays the back bud under the clip.
Further, the pruning after 2 years of growing is stayed the back of the body cutting back that sprouts without exception to all skeleton branches, side shoot, and the degree of cutting back will be according to the situation of tree vigo(u)r; What tree vigo(u)r was prosperous will be lightly, and what tree vigo(u)r was weak will weigh, and generally will cut the 20-30% of branch then; To the branch beyond skeleton branch and the side shoot, that has living space can suitably keep and cutting back, but force can not surpass skeleton branch; Surpass and overstocked will dredging, all will dredge for back branch, the down weak branch of the back of the body, overstocked side shoot, and clip will be near major branch; Do not allow some weak middle long shoots of its generation, dredge for the fruit branch of back, middle fruit spur as far as possible and go, keep under the branch back of the body and the fruit spur under the side back of the body more; Side back of the body branch to producing every year if angle is good, location-appropriate can keep, constantly removes to upgrade the side shoot of other result more than 3 years.
Further, flower and fruit management and bagging though bright and beautiful beautiful pears percentage of fertile fruit is high, is preferably joined the different cultivars of planting more than 10% and are done pollinizers; Also can carry out artificial pollination, the commerial growing florescence can put wall honeybee pollination, thanks and wants strict fruit thinning after spending, and the branch of as far as possible the selecting and remain back of the body is axillary bud and the fruit spur fruit of tying down; The fruit of back is dredged as far as possible and goes, the distance of the fruit of the tree vigo(u)r golden mean of the Confucian school and fruit with 30 centimetres for well, what tree vigo(u)r was strengthened can be closeer, weak tree can be rarer; Periphery and the base portion of tree are rarer, and skeleton branch and side shoot haunch place can be closeer, little closeer of branch age, an age big rarer; Generally the select and remain fruit of the two or three bow structure of each inflorescence, thank spend 10 days after every twice sterilization, insecticide of spraying at a distance from 10-15 days, paper is that paper is yellow best in the brown paper beyond the fruit bag; Fruit bag specification is general wide to be not less than 17 centimetres, longly is not less than 21 centimetres, and bagging time generally spent carry out in back one month thanking; Time is no more than one month, will strut during bagging to guarantee the unimpeded of discharge outlet and blow vent, and sack will be tightened.
The present invention compares with existing planting type, owing to adopt 4 meters of line-spacings, spacing in the rows is 0.5 meter; In pruning, heading height is between 0.3 meter-0.4 meter, and a skeleton branch is respectively stayed in the trunk both sides, the tree-like V font of selecting for use; On the extermination of disease and insect pest, the bearing-age tree emphasis is pest control, and main controlling object is yellow mealworm, pear sucker, Kang Shi mealybug, and the method for control is constantly to prevent and treat medicament pyrrole worm phosphorus, Acetamiprid, AVM with composite use by turns; On soil, fertilizer, water management, the annual autumn of bearing-age tree is executed farmyard manure 5-6 side, applies required nitrogen, phosphorus, K composite fertilizer according to output; Calcareous fertilisers and trace element fertilizer water the freeze-up water of foot, water and spend preceding, Hua Houshui; Fruit expanding period is watered and is wanted sufficient; The water yield is watered in the control in preceding 15 days of gathering, and has therefore both had to prune the good price height of fruit quality convenient with daily management, that bear the advantage that pear tree again can early high-yield.
Description of drawings
The present invention does not have accompanying drawing
Embodiment
Second crop soil is not preferably selected in embodiment 1, the garden of building of planting, and is will the carrying out soil disinfection, impose little fertilizer of field, control soil insect in the past, adopts 4 meters of line-spacings in area, Laixi, Shandong in 2003; 0.5 meter of spacing in the rows, reserve line-spacing after, excavate wide 0.8 meter, dark 0.8 meter plantation ditch; Mu is executed chicken manure, cow dung is main farmyard manure 2-3 side, 80 kilograms of composite fertilizers, little fertile 10 kilograms; Banket, beat furrow, irrigation ditch, the no damage by disease and insect seedling of the seedling of planting choosing, the time of planting is before freeze-up; Behind the good sapling of field planting, water sufficient water.
In pruning, freeze-up predetermination is done, and heading height is between 0.3 meter-0.4 meter; Perpendicular year spring, a skeleton branch was respectively stayed in the trunk both sides, the tree-like V font of selecting for use, and concrete steps are after 1 year fixed doing; With small bamboo or other supporter spending support angle, each inserts a bamboo pole every tree both sides when branch length to 70 centimetre, and bamboo pole becomes 70 to spend with the angle on ground; Earth anchor is buried at the two ends of row, couples together with the upper end of attachment with bamboo pole, and lies on the earth anchor of two ends; Every two force of selecting and remain are suitable, the very contiguous again branch in living trunk position and do skeleton branch, and tie up on bamboo pole; Only produce a vigorous branches, only tie up a bamboo pole, utilize the coming year back advantage of tree can produce a corresponding skeleton branch; The tree that produces two above branches will be selected the branch beyond the skeleton branch according to actual conditions, needs only its angle and is not higher than skeleton branch, gets rid of to put to get final product, and does not go but do not dredge.
1 year winter of growing after 1 year cuts, and in the 50-60 centimeters, cutting of 50 centimetres of spacing in the rows generally is about half of current increment, only cultivates a side shoot, and arranged the output of 200-300 kilogram.
Grow pruning after 2 years is stayed the back of the body cutting back that sprouts without exception to all skeleton branches, side shoot, and the degree of cutting back will be according to the situation of tree vigo(u)r; What tree vigo(u)r was prosperous will be lightly, and what tree vigo(u)r was weak will weigh, and generally will cut the 20-30% of branch then; To the branch beyond skeleton branch and the side shoot, that has living space can suitably keep and cutting back, but force can not surpass skeleton branch; Surpass and overstocked will dredging, all will dredge for back branch, the down weak branch of the back of the body, overstocked side shoot, and clip will be near major branch; Do not allow some weak middle long shoots of its generation, dredge for the fruit branch of back, middle fruit spur as far as possible and go, keep under the branch back of the body and the fruit spur under the side back of the body more; Side back of the body branch to producing every year if angle is good, location-appropriate can keep, constantly removes to upgrade the side shoot of other result more than 3 years.
Flower and fruit management and bagging though bright and beautiful beautiful pears percentage of fertile fruit is high, is joined the different cultivars of planting more than 10% and are done pollinizers, have also carried out artificial pollination and have put the pollination of wall honeybee; Thank and spend the strict fruit thinning in back, the branch of as far as possible the selecting and remain back of the body is the fruit of axillary bud and disconnected fruit branch knot down, and the fruit of back is dredged as far as possible and goes, the distance of the fruit of the tree vigo(u)r golden mean of the Confucian school and fruit with 30 centimetres for well; It is closeer that tree vigo(u)r is strengthened, and weak tree is rarer, and periphery and the base portion of tree are rarer; Skeleton branch and side shoot haunch place are closeer, little closeer of branch age, branch age big rarer; Generally the select and remain fruit of the two or three bow structure of each inflorescence, thank spend 10 days after every twice sterilization, insecticide of spraying at a distance from 10-15 days, it is that the interior paper of brown paper is yellow that the fruit bag adopts outer paper; Fruit bag specification is general wide to be not less than 17 centimetres, longly is not less than 21 centimetres, and bagging time generally spent carry out in back one month thanking; Time is no more than one month, will strut during bagging to guarantee the unimpeded of discharge outlet and blow vent, and sack will be tightened.
On the extermination of disease and insect pest, the bearing-age tree emphasis is pest control, and main controlling object is yellow mealworm, pear sucker, Kang Shi mealybug, and the method for control is constantly to prevent and treat medicament pyrrole worm phosphorus, Acetamiprid, AVM with composite use by turns.
On soil, fertilizer, water management, the annual autumn of bearing-age tree is executed farmyard manure 5-6 side, and needs the ratio of 1 jin of purity nitrogen, 0.5 jin of pure phosphorus, 1 jin of pure potassium according to every production 100Kg pears; Apply required nitrogen, phosphorus, K composite fertilizer according to output, calcareous fertilisers and trace element fertilizer and autumn execute that farmyard manure is disposable to apply, and standard is that 10,000 jin of need of per mu yield apply 50 jin of water-soluble calcareous fertilizers; Need apply each 20 jin of trace elements such as iron, zinc, boron, copper, magnesium, water the freeze-up water of foot, water and spend preceding, Hua Houshui; Fruit expanding period is watered and is wanted sufficient; The control in preceding 15 days of gathering is watered, 2007 through Shandong forestry department surveys on the spot to produce with quality and identifies that per mu yield reaches 12256 kilograms; Sugar content reaches 14.5%, has surpassed the international standard of sugar content 13.5%.
Claims (6)
1. the beautiful pears early high-yield of brocade cultivation method, line-spacing 2-4 rice is characterized in that: spacing in the rows is between 0.5 meter-1 meter; In pruning, heading height stays two following skeleton branches on the trunk between 0.3 meter-0.8 meter; On the extermination of disease and insect pest, bearing-age tree is pest control, and controlling object is yellow mealworm, pear sucker, Kang Shi mealybug, and the method for control is constantly to prevent and treat medicament pyrrole worm phosphorus, Acetamiprid, AVM with composite use by turns; On soil, fertilizer, water management, the annual autumn of bearing-age tree is executed farmyard manure 5-6 side, and needs the ratio of 1 jin of purity nitrogen, 0.5 jin of pure phosphorus, 1 jin of pure potassium according to every production 100Kg pears; Apply required nitrogen, phosphorus, K composite fertilizer according to output; Calcareous fertilisers and trace element fertilizer are executed farmyard manure with the autumn and are applied, and standard is that 10,000 jin of need of per mu yield apply 50 jin of water-soluble calcareous fertilizers, need apply each 20 jin of iron, zinc, boron, copper, magnesium trace elements; Water the freeze-up water of foot; Water and spend preceding, Hua Houshui, fruit expanding period to water to want sufficient, the control in preceding 15 days of gathering is watered.
2. according to the beautiful pears early high-yield of the described a kind of brocade of claim 1 cultivation method, 4 meters of line-spacings is characterized in that: second crop soil is not selected in the garden of building of planting; Be will the carrying out soil disinfection, impose little fertilizer of field, control soil insect in the past, 0.5 meter of spacing in the rows, reserve line-spacing after; Excavate wide 0.8 meter, dark 0.8 meter plantation ditch, mu is executed chicken manure, cow dung is main farmyard manure 2-3 side, 80 kilograms of composite fertilizers; Little fertile 10 kilograms, banket, beat furrow, irrigation ditch, the no damage by disease and insect seedling of the seedling of planting choosing; The time of planting behind the good sapling of field planting, is watered sufficient water before being selected in the rudiment in spring.
3. according to the beautiful pears early high-yield of the described a kind of brocade of claim 1 cultivation method, it is characterized in that: before the time of planting is selected in the rudiment in spring, in pruning; Rudiment in spring predetermination is done, and heading height is between 0.3 meter-0.4 meter, and a skeleton branch is respectively stayed in the trunk both sides; The tree type is selected the V font for use, and concrete steps are after 1 year fixed doing, when branch length to 70 centimetre with the small bamboo support angle of paying wages; Every each slotting bamboo pole of tree both sides, bamboo pole becomes 70 degree with the angle on ground, and earth anchor is buried at the two ends of row; Couple together with the upper end of attachment again bamboo pole; Every two force of selecting and remain are suitable, the very contiguous again branch in living trunk position and do skeleton branch, and tie up on bamboo pole; Only produce a vigorous branches, only tie up a bamboo pole, utilize the coming year back advantage of tree can produce a corresponding skeleton branch; The tree that produces two above branches will be selected the branch beyond the skeleton branch according to actual conditions, needs only its angle and is not higher than skeleton branch, gets rid of to put to get final product, and does not go but do not dredge.
4. according to the beautiful pears early high-yield of the described a kind of brocade of claim 1 cultivation method; It is characterized in that: the 1 year winter of growing after 1 year cuts; 1 meter of spacing in the rows, skeleton branch stays 35-40 centimetre heavily to cut, and promptly 1/3rd of current increment takes the space with the short side shoot of giving birth to fast by it; Do not arrange output in 1 year, nourish and grow with acceleration; Will in the 50-60 centimeters, cutting of 50 centimetres of spacing in the rows clipped the half the of current increment, only cultivates a side shoot, and arranges the output of 200-300 kilogram; Spacing in the rows less than 50 centimetres cut 1/3rd of current increment, do not stay side shoot on the skeleton branch, let fruit bearing shoot direct give birth on skeleton branch, the output that the good arrangement of growing way is 1000 kilograms, first bud stays the back bud under the clip.
5. according to the beautiful pears early high-yield of the described a kind of brocade of claim 1 cultivation method, it is characterized in that: the pruning after 2 years of growing, all skeleton branches, side shoot are stayed the back of the body cutting back that sprouts without exception; The degree of cutting back will be according to the situation of tree vigo(u)r, and what tree vigo(u)r was prosperous will be lightly, and what tree vigo(u)r was weak will weigh; Cut the 20-30% of branch then, to the branch beyond skeleton branch and the side shoot, the suitable reservation and the cutting back that have living space; But force can not surpass skeleton branch, surpasses and overstocked will dredging, and all will dredge for back branch, the down weak branch of the back of the body, overstocked side shoot; And clip will not allow it to produce some weak middle long shoots near major branch, dredges and goes for the fruit branch of back, middle fruit spur; Keep under the branches back of the body and the fruit spur under the side back of the body more; Side back of the body branch to producing every year if angle is good, location-appropriate keeps, constantly removes to upgrade the side shoot of other result more than 3 years.
6. according to the beautiful pears early high-yield of the described a kind of brocade of claim 1 cultivation method, it is characterized in that: flower and fruit management and bagging, though bright and beautiful beautiful pears percentage of fertile fruit is high, also need joins and plant 10% different cultivars and do pollinizers; The commerial growing florescence puts wall honeybee pollination, thanks and wants strict fruit thinning after spending, and the branch of the selecting and remain back of the body is the fruit of axillary bud and fruit spur knot down, and the fruit of back is thin to go; 30 centimetres of the fruit of the tree vigo(u)r golden mean of the Confucian school and distances really, it is closeer that tree vigo(u)r is strengthened, and weak tree is rarer, and periphery and the base portion of tree are rarer; Skeleton branch and side shoot haunch place are closeer, little closeer of branch age, branch age big rarer; The select and remain fruit of the two or three bow structure of each inflorescence, thank spend 10 days after every twice sterilization, insecticide of spraying at a distance from 10-15 days, the outer paper of fruit bag is that paper is yellow in the brown paper; Specification is wide is not less than 17 centimetres for fruit bag, longly is not less than 21 centimetres, and bagging time spent carry out in back one month thanking; Time is no more than one month, will strut during bagging to guarantee the unimpeded of discharge outlet and blow vent, and sack will be tightened.
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| CN2008100523969A CN101253842B (en) | 2008-03-11 | 2008-03-11 | Jinyu pear early high yield cultivation technology |
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| CN2008100523969A CN101253842B (en) | 2008-03-11 | 2008-03-11 | Jinyu pear early high yield cultivation technology |
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| CN101253842B true CN101253842B (en) | 2012-01-11 |
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| CN101926276B (en) * | 2010-07-19 | 2011-11-23 | 南京农业大学 | 3+1 tree form of pear tree and shaping method thereof |
| CN103408353A (en) * | 2013-07-10 | 2013-11-27 | 句容市丰之源果品专业合作社 | Sterilizing and healing agent for pear |
| CN104365422A (en) * | 2014-10-14 | 2015-02-25 | 湖北仙仙果品有限公司 | Pear short dense early harvest cultivation method |
| CN104488632A (en) * | 2014-11-27 | 2015-04-08 | 安徽久裕农业科技有限公司 | Method for planting late-autumn yellow pears |
| CN104429775A (en) * | 2014-11-27 | 2015-03-25 | 安徽久裕农业科技有限公司 | Planting method for late-autumn yellow pears |
| CN104488631A (en) * | 2014-11-27 | 2015-04-08 | 安徽久裕农业科技有限公司 | Method for planting late-autumn yellow pears |
| CN104521665B (en) * | 2014-12-09 | 2017-05-10 | 王永光 | Pear tree simplifying and pruning method |
| CN104604620A (en) * | 2014-12-18 | 2015-05-13 | 吴太平 | Field production and cultivation method of column pears |
| CN104756813A (en) * | 2015-04-02 | 2015-07-08 | 张玉雯 | Cultivation method for improving quality of crystal pear |
| CN105010072A (en) * | 2015-07-17 | 2015-11-04 | 江苏丘陵地区镇江农业科学研究所 | Planting method for improving sugar content of Xiacui peach |
| CN105145259A (en) * | 2015-09-16 | 2015-12-16 | 江苏丘陵地区镇江农业科学研究所 | Planting method for improving sugar content of Fengshui pears |
| CN105523871A (en) * | 2016-02-06 | 2016-04-27 | 辽宁省果树科学研究所 | Formula fertilizer for production of green pear products as well as preparation method and application method of formula fertilizer |
| CN105766349A (en) * | 2016-04-10 | 2016-07-20 | 吴肖颜 | Cultivation technique of Zaocuili pear trees |
| CN105941066B (en) * | 2016-06-15 | 2018-11-30 | 江苏丘陵地区镇江农业科学研究所 | A kind of pear tree cultural method preventing pear tree trunk disease |
| CN106888911B (en) * | 2017-02-28 | 2020-07-31 | 山东省果树研究所 | Pear tree planting method |
| CN107182688A (en) * | 2017-07-20 | 2017-09-22 | 太仓市丰缘农场专业合作社 | A kind of implantation methods of apple bergamot pear |
| CN107409912A (en) * | 2017-08-10 | 2017-12-01 | 芜湖县兰馨油桃种植专业合作社 | A kind of Planting management method of early crisp red pears |
| CN107371982A (en) * | 2017-09-04 | 2017-11-24 | 江苏沿海地区农业科学研究所 | A kind of cultural method of the moon in autumn pears |
| CN110463502A (en) * | 2019-09-20 | 2019-11-19 | 上海市农业科学院 | A kind of south Labor-saving, mechanization theatre garden building method |
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