CN107509499B - Ecological environment-friendly shallow-water lotus root planting method - Google Patents

Ecological environment-friendly shallow-water lotus root planting method Download PDF

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CN107509499B
CN107509499B CN201710668702.0A CN201710668702A CN107509499B CN 107509499 B CN107509499 B CN 107509499B CN 201710668702 A CN201710668702 A CN 201710668702A CN 107509499 B CN107509499 B CN 107509499B
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lotus
fertilizer
lotus root
water
soil
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CN107509499A (en
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孔令建
王大莉
彭欣
孔淳
魏娜
罗飞
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Zhenping Linfeng green agricultural products development Co., Ltd
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Zhenping Agricultural Product Quality And Safety Inspection And Management Station
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
    • C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
    • C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
    • C05D9/02—Other inorganic fertilisers containing trace elements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G1/00—Mixtures of fertilisers belonging individually to different subclasses of C05

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an ecological environment-friendly shallow water lotus root planting method; the method comprises the steps of constructing a full-soil lotus root pond, applying base fertilizer, selecting lotus root varieties, planting, applying additional fertilizer, managing a water layer and harvesting the next crop without seeding; has the advantages of convenient re-tillage, disease reduction, pesticide consumption reduction, effective lotus root yield improvement and quality improvement.

Description

Ecological environment-friendly shallow-water lotus root planting method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and particularly relates to an ecological environment-friendly shallow water lotus root planting method.
Background
The lotus root is a water-based economic crop with wide application, can be eaten and used as a medicine, can be used for tourism and appreciation, and is deeply loved by the masses. Is a vegetable food which is loved by people, and is planted in various places of China with larger planting area. The existing shallow water lotus root planting method has the following defects: the lotus root pool is not beneficial to re-tillage, personnel can land in the lotus root pool for topdressing and damage to lotus roots, the wound causes diseases, the pesticide usage amount is increased, the pesticide residue of the product is large, and the yield and the quality are not high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides the ecological environment-friendly shallow water lotus root planting method which is convenient for re-cultivation, reduces diseases and pesticide consumption and effectively improves the yield and quality of lotus roots.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows: the method comprises the steps of constructing a full-soil lotus root pond, applying a base fertilizer, selecting lotus root varieties, planting, applying a top dressing fertilizer, managing a water layer and harvesting the next crop without seeding, and specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: building a full-soil lotus root pond; after the plots are selected, digging a rectangular pool with the depth of 33cm downwards in a field by adopting manual work or a bulldozer according to the ground level standard, wherein the length and the width are determined according to the land and the required shape, the dug plough layer soil is intensively stacked on one side, and the area of each pool is not more than 0.5 hectare at most; leveling the bottom of the pool by using a bulldozer, and compacting by using a road roller or compacting by using an electric rammer; filling a layer of soil around the soil, compacting the soil by using a road roller or an electric rammer to ensure that the ridge of the soil is 38-42 cm high and 1-1.2 m wide; backfilling plough layer soil with the depth of 20-25 cm into the pool; pouring water into the pond, fully stirring the water back and forth in the pond by using a rotary cultivator to form slurry, fully stirring the slurry in the pond by using the rotary cultivator for the second time after the slurry is settled statically to form slurry, fully stirring the slurry in the pond by using the rotary cultivator for the third time after the slurry is settled statically to form slurry, finishing the filling of soil seams after the slurry is settled, and finishing the construction of the lotus root pond;
step two: applying a base fertilizer; applying base fertilizer to the bottom of the full-soil lotus root pond after the full-soil lotus root pond is built in the step one, wherein the base fertilizer is applied to each 667m2Applying 1500kg of dry biogas residues or decomposed dry pig manure, 50kg of potassium sulfate type ternary compound fertilizer, 1kg of zinc fertilizer and 1kg of boron fertilizer;
step three: selecting varieties; the lotus root variety is preferably high-quality, disease-resistant and medium-early-maturing; selecting lotus roots which are plump in heads, complete in terminal buds, large in lotus roots, fine in lotus rhizome nodes, thick in later bundles, bright and uniform in color and luster; proper mud is carried, and lotus roots without large damage, deformity and plant diseases and insect pests are planted; each 667m2The amount of lotus seeds is 400 kg; it is noted that transgenic lotus seeds are not used;
step four: planting; the planting time is that after base fertilizer is applied for one week and after 4 months and 10 days, a lotus root pool is kept with a 4cm water layer, wide-narrow row planting is carried out, the width row is 2.5m, the narrow row is 1.5m, and the plant spacing is 1 m; firstly, discharging the lotus roots and then planting; the planting depth is 10cm, and one whole lotus root is arranged in each hole; the planting holes are arranged in a triangular shape between the rows;
step five: applying additional fertilizer; applying the additional fertilizer for three times in total, wherein the first additional fertilizer is applied 25-30 days after field planting, and each 667m230kg of potassium sulfate type ternary compound fertilizer is applied; applying the second additional fertilizer 50-60 days after field planting, wherein each 667m2Applying 25kg of potassium sulfate type ternary compound fertilizer; applying the third top dressing 77-80 days after field planting, wherein each 667m2Applying 10kg of urea and 10kg of potassium sulfate;
the fertilizing method of the additional fertilizer comprises the following steps: two submersible pumps are placed in a pool adjacent to a lotus root pool, the two submersible pumps are placed in respective filtering fixed cavities, the submersible pumps are preferably submerged in water, the distance between the two submersible pumps is not less than 2m, one submersible pump is used for fertilizer spraying, and the other submersible pump is used for clear water washing;
step six: managing a water layer; the water depth of the lotus roots is kept at 4cm from the stage of permanent planting to the stage of sprouting, the water layer of the lotus roots is kept at 15cm during the vigorous growth period, the water depth of the lotus roots is kept at 6cm during the lotus root forming period, and the water depth of a lotus root pool is kept at 2cm during the lotus roots harvesting;
step seven: harvesting the next stubble without seeding; when lotus roots are harvested, digging three rows and leaving one row without digging, then digging five rows and leaving one row without digging, forming wide and narrow rows and reserving in-situ seed production; the harvesting method comprises the following steps: the lotus leaves are cut off before the lotus roots are dug, the water is filled for 10cm, the lotus roots are dug out by an operator after soil is scattered by a high-pressure water gun, and the lotus roots harvested by the method are complete and have no obvious scars.
Preferably, the fertilizing method of the additional fertilizer in the fifth step specifically comprises the following steps: and simultaneously starting the two submersible pumps, wherein one submersible pump is used as a fertilizing pump, slowly pouring the fertilizer to be fertilized into a filtering fixed cavity in which the fertilizing pump is placed, spraying a mixture of the fertilizer and water to the lotus root pool to be fertilized by the fertilizing pump, and using the other submersible pump as a flushing pump which flushes clean water to the lotus leaves in the lotus root pool to be fertilized.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme adopted by the invention overcomes the defects that the lotus root pond is constructed by using water-retaining agents, bricks, cement, plastic films and the like in the prior art and is constructed by adopting full soil treatment, has the characteristics of environmental protection and no soil pollution, and particularly facilitates the re-ploughing of the lotus root pond after the lotus root is planted for a certain year, and can effectively maintain and improve the production performance of the soil of the original soil plough layer by directly ploughing and re-ploughing by using machines such as a tractor and the like when the humidity is proper after the water in the lotus root pond is drained during the re-ploughing; the method does not use transgenic lotus root seeds, has scientific and reasonable fertilization types and fertilization amount, can ensure that the lotus roots grow and do not excessively pollute water sources and soil, particularly zinc fertilizer and boron fertilizer, and can improve the quality of the lotus roots; in addition, especially after the lotus leaves are sealed in the lotus root pool, if a topdressing worker enters the lotus root pool for fertilizing, the lotus roots are easy to be trampled and damaged, the lotus leaves are broken, the wound is easy to cause diseases, the pesticide use amount is increased, the quality of the lotus roots is influenced, the pesticide residue of the lotus roots is increased, the working efficiency is low, the tourism income is influenced, and the like; in addition, the water layer management of the invention can achieve the aims of temperature increase, yield increase and quality increase; the seeding-free next crop is obtained, lotus roots are left in a certain proportion when being harvested, the next crop is directly planted, the seeding-free next crop is obtained, and labor for seeding the next crop of lotus roots is saved; has the advantages of convenient re-tillage, disease reduction, pesticide consumption reduction, effective lotus root yield improvement and quality improvement.
Detailed Description
The invention relates to an ecological environment-friendly shallow water lotus root planting method, which comprises the steps of building a full-soil lotus root pool, applying base fertilizer, selecting lotus root varieties, planting, applying additional fertilizer, managing a water layer and harvesting the next crop without seeding, and specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: building a full-soil lotus root pond; after the plots are selected, digging a rectangular pool with the depth of 33cm downwards in a field by adopting manual work or a bulldozer according to the ground level standard, wherein the length and the width are determined according to the terrain and requirements, the dug plough layer soil is intensively stacked on one side, and the area of each pool is not more than 0.5 hectare at most; leveling the bottom of the pool by using a bulldozer, and compacting by using a road roller or compacting by using an electric rammer; filling a layer of soil around the soil, compacting the soil by using a road roller or an electric rammer to ensure that the ridge of the soil is 38-42 cm high and 1-1.2 m wide; backfilling plough layer soil with the depth of 20-25 cm into the pool; pouring water into the pond, fully stirring the water back and forth in the pond by using a rotary cultivator to form slurry, fully stirring the slurry in the pond by using the rotary cultivator for the second time after the slurry is settled statically to form slurry, fully stirring the slurry in the pond by using the rotary cultivator for the third time after the slurry is settled statically to form slurry, finishing the filling of soil seams after the slurry is settled, and finishing the construction of the lotus root pond;
step two: applying a base fertilizer; applying base fertilizer to the bottom of the full-soil lotus root pond after the full-soil lotus root pond is built in the step one, wherein the base fertilizer is applied to each 667m2Applying 1500kg of dry biogas residues or decomposed dry pig manure, 50kg of potassium sulfate type ternary compound fertilizer, 1kg of zinc fertilizer and 1kg of boron fertilizer;
step three: selecting varieties; the lotus root variety is preferably high-quality, disease-resistant and medium-early-maturing; selecting plump lotus root head, complete terminal bud, big lotus root body, small lotus root node, thick afterstem, and bright colorThe brightness is uniform; proper mud is carried, and lotus roots without large damage, deformity and plant diseases and insect pests are planted; each 667m2The amount of lotus seeds is 400 kg; it is noted that transgenic lotus seeds are not used;
step four: planting; the planting time is that after base fertilizer is applied for one week and after 4 months and 10 days, a lotus root pool is kept with a 4cm water layer, wide-narrow row planting is carried out, the width row is 2.5m, the narrow row is 1.5m, and the plant spacing is 1 m; firstly, discharging the lotus roots and then planting; the planting depth is 10cm, and one whole lotus root is arranged in each hole; the planting holes are arranged in a triangular shape between the rows;
step five: applying additional fertilizer; applying the additional fertilizer for three times in total, wherein the first additional fertilizer is applied 25-30 days after field planting, and each 667m230kg of potassium sulfate type ternary compound fertilizer is applied; applying the second additional fertilizer 50-60 days after field planting, wherein each 667m2Applying 25kg of potassium sulfate type ternary compound fertilizer; applying the third top dressing 77-80 days after field planting, wherein each 667m2Applying 10kg of urea and 10kg of potassium sulfate; the fertilizing method of the additional fertilizer comprises the following steps: two submersible pumps are placed in a pool adjacent to a lotus root pool, the two submersible pumps are placed in respective filtering fixed cavities, the submersible pumps are preferably submerged in water, the distance between the two submersible pumps is not less than 2m, one submersible pump is used for fertilizer spraying, and the other submersible pump is used for clear water washing;
step six: managing a water layer; the water depth of the lotus roots is kept at 4cm from the stage of permanent planting to the stage of sprouting, the water layer of the lotus roots is kept at 15cm during the vigorous growth period, the water depth of the lotus roots is kept at 6cm during the lotus root forming period, and the water depth of a lotus root pool is kept at 2cm during the lotus roots harvesting;
step seven: harvesting the next stubble without seeding; when lotus roots are harvested, digging three rows and leaving one row without digging, then digging five rows and leaving one row without digging, forming wide and narrow rows and reserving in-situ seed production; the harvesting method comprises the following steps: the lotus leaves are cut off before the lotus roots are dug, the water is filled for 10cm, the lotus roots are dug out by an operator after soil is scattered by a high-pressure water gun, and the lotus roots harvested by the method are complete and have no obvious scars.
The fertilizing method of the additional fertilizer in the fifth step specifically comprises the following steps: and simultaneously starting the two submersible pumps, wherein one submersible pump is used as a fertilizing pump, slowly pouring the fertilizer to be fertilized into a filtering fixed cavity in which the fertilizing pump is placed, spraying a mixture of the fertilizer and water to the lotus root pool to be fertilized by the fertilizing pump, and using the other submersible pump as a flushing pump which flushes clean water to the lotus leaves in the lotus root pool to be fertilized.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention adopts full soil treatment construction, has the characteristics of environmental protection and no soil pollution, and particularly after lotus roots are planted for a certain period, the lotus root pond is conveniently ploughed again, and after the lotus root pond is drained during ploughing again, when the humidity is proper, the machine such as a tractor and the like is used for directly ploughing again, so that the production performance of the original soil plough layer soil can be effectively maintained and improved; the method does not use transgenic lotus root seeds, has scientific and reasonable fertilization types and fertilization amount, can ensure that the lotus roots grow and do not excessively pollute water sources and soil, particularly zinc fertilizer and boron fertilizer, and can improve the quality of the lotus roots; in addition, especially after the lotus leaves are sealed in the lotus root pool, if a topdressing worker enters the lotus root pool for fertilizing, the lotus roots are easy to be trampled and damaged, the lotus leaves are broken, the wound is easy to cause diseases, the pesticide use amount is increased, the quality of the lotus roots is influenced, the pesticide residue of the lotus roots is increased, the working efficiency is low, the tourism income is influenced, and the like; in addition, the water layer management of the invention can achieve the aims of temperature increase, yield increase and quality increase; the seeding is avoided by harvesting the next stubble, a certain proportion of lotus roots are left when the lotus roots are harvested, the next stubble is directly planted, the seeding is avoided, and the labor for seeding the next stubble of lotus roots is saved. It is to be noted that the filtration fixing cavity is a cylinder structure with an opening at the top, a plurality of water inlet holes are arranged on the surface of the cylinder, when the lotus root pool needs to be subjected to additional fertilization, the fertilization pump and the flushing pump are respectively placed in the filtration fixing cavity, the water outlet hose is sleeved on the water outlet of the flushing pump, the fertilization water outlet pipeline is sleeved on the water outlet of the fertilization pump, then the filtration fixing cavity is placed in the lotus root pool or the pond adjacent to one side of the lotus root pool needing to be subjected to additional fertilization, the water level is suitable for submerging the fertilization pump and the flushing pump, then the fertilization pump and the flushing pump are started, the fertilizer needing to be subjected to additional fertilization is slowly added into the filtration fixing cavity sleeved with the fertilization pump, the fertilizer and the water in the filtration fixing cavity are mixed and then sprayed into the lotus root pool needing to be subjected to additional fertilization through the fertilization pump, and the lotus leaves are fully distributed in the lotus root pool, and the fertilizer and water, the method comprises the following steps of (1) flushing a fertilizer and water mixture on lotus leaves into a lotus root pond, wherein the distance between a fertilizer pump and a flushing pump is not less than 2m so as to ensure that the fertilizer pump and the flushing pump can normally operate; preferably, filter fixed cavity and be open-top's tubular construction, and the opening at top is uncovered form to make things convenient for the business turn over of fertilization pump and washer pump and the interpolation of fertilizer, the barrel surface has been seted up a plurality of inlet opening and can has been made water get into fast and filter fixed cavity, and filters massive silt, in order to guarantee the normal operating of fertilization pump 1 and washer pump.
In order to explain the present invention more clearly, the present invention will now be further described with reference to specific examples. Specific examples are as follows:
example one
An ecological environment-friendly shallow water lotus root planting method comprises the steps of building a full-soil lotus root pool, applying base fertilizer, selecting lotus root varieties, planting, applying additional fertilizer, managing a water layer and harvesting the next crop without seeding, and specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: building a full-soil lotus root pond; after the plot is selected, digging a rectangular pool with the depth of 33cm downwards in a field according to the ground level standard by adopting manpower or a bulldozer, wherein the length and the width are determined according to the terrain and the requirement, the dug plough layer soil is intensively stacked on one side, and the area of each pool is 0.5 hectare; leveling the bottom of the pool by using a bulldozer, and compacting by using a road roller or compacting by using an electric rammer; filling a layer of soil around the soil, compacting the soil by using a road roller or an electric rammer to ensure that the soil ridge is 38cm high and 1m wide; backfilling plough layer soil with the depth of 20cm into the pool; pouring water into the pond, fully stirring the water back and forth in the pond by using a rotary cultivator to form slurry, fully stirring the slurry in the pond by using the rotary cultivator for the second time after the slurry is settled statically to form slurry, fully stirring the slurry in the pond by using the rotary cultivator for the third time after the slurry is settled statically to form slurry, finishing the filling of soil seams after the slurry is settled, and finishing the construction of the lotus root pond;
step two: applying a base fertilizer; applying base fertilizer to the bottom of the full-soil lotus root pond after the full-soil lotus root pond is built in the step one, wherein the base fertilizer is applied to each 667m2Applying dried biogas residue or thoroughly decomposing1500kg of pig manure, 50kg of potassium sulfate type ternary compound fertilizer, 1kg of zinc fertilizer and 1kg of boron fertilizer;
step three: selecting varieties; the lotus root variety is preferably high-quality, disease-resistant and medium-early-maturing; selecting lotus roots which are plump in heads, complete in terminal buds, large in lotus roots, fine in lotus rhizome nodes, thick in later bundles, bright and uniform in color and luster; proper mud is carried, and lotus roots without large damage, deformity and plant diseases and insect pests are planted; each 667m2The amount of lotus seeds is 400 kg; it is noted that transgenic lotus seeds are not used;
step four: planting; the planting time is that after base fertilizer is applied for one week and after 4 months and 10 days, a lotus root pool is kept with a 4cm water layer, wide-narrow row planting is carried out, the width row is 2.5m, the narrow row is 1.5m, and the plant spacing is 1 m; firstly, discharging the lotus roots and then planting; the planting depth is 10cm, and one whole lotus root is arranged in each hole; the planting holes are arranged in a triangular shape between the rows;
step five: applying additional fertilizer; applying the additional fertilizer for three times in total, wherein the first additional fertilizer is applied 25 days after the permanent planting, and each 667m230kg of potassium sulfate type ternary compound fertilizer is applied; applying the second additional fertilizer 50 days after field planting, wherein each 667m2Applying 25kg of potassium sulfate type ternary compound fertilizer; applying the third top dressing at 77 days after field planting, wherein each 667m2Applying 10kg of urea and 10kg of potassium sulfate; the fertilizing method of the additional fertilizer comprises the following steps: two submersible pumps are placed in the pool adjacent to the lotus root pool, the two submersible pumps are placed in respective filtering fixed cavities, the submersible pumps are preferably submerged in water, the distance between the two submersible pumps is 2m, one submersible pump is used for fertilizer spraying, and the other submersible pump is used for clear water washing;
step six: managing a water layer; the water depth of the lotus roots is kept at 4cm from the stage of permanent planting to the stage of sprouting, the water layer of the lotus roots is kept at 15cm during the vigorous growth period, the water depth of the lotus roots is kept at 6cm during the lotus root forming period, and the water depth of a lotus root pool is kept at 2cm during the lotus roots harvesting;
step seven: harvesting the next stubble without seeding; when lotus roots are harvested, digging three rows and leaving one row without digging, then digging five rows and leaving one row without digging, forming wide and narrow rows and reserving in-situ seed production; the harvesting method comprises the following steps: the lotus leaves are cut off before the lotus roots are dug, the water is filled for 10cm, the lotus roots are dug out by an operator after soil is scattered by a high-pressure water gun, and the lotus roots harvested by the method are complete and have no obvious scars.
The fertilizing method of the additional fertilizer in the fifth step specifically comprises the following steps: and simultaneously starting the two submersible pumps, wherein one submersible pump is used as a fertilizing pump, slowly pouring the fertilizer to be fertilized into a filtering fixed cavity in which the fertilizing pump is placed, spraying a mixture of the fertilizer and water to the lotus root pool to be fertilized by the fertilizing pump, and using the other submersible pump as a flushing pump which flushes clean water to the lotus leaves in the lotus root pool to be fertilized.
Example two
An ecological environment-friendly shallow water lotus root planting method comprises the steps of building a full-soil lotus root pool, applying base fertilizer, selecting lotus root varieties, planting, applying additional fertilizer, managing a water layer and harvesting the next crop without seeding, and specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: building a full-soil lotus root pond; after the plot is selected, digging a rectangular pool with the depth of 33cm downwards in a field according to the ground level standard by adopting manpower or a bulldozer, wherein the length and the width are determined according to the terrain and the requirement, the dug plough layer soil is intensively stacked on one side, and the area of each pool is 0.4 hectare; leveling the bottom of the pool by using a bulldozer, and compacting by using a road roller or compacting by using an electric rammer; filling a layer of soil around the soil, compacting the soil by using a road roller or an electric rammer to ensure that the soil ridge is 42cm high and 1.2m wide; backfilling plough layer soil with the depth of 25cm into the pool; pouring water into the pond, fully stirring the water back and forth in the pond by using a rotary cultivator to form slurry, fully stirring the slurry in the pond by using the rotary cultivator for the second time after the slurry is settled statically to form slurry, fully stirring the slurry in the pond by using the rotary cultivator for the third time after the slurry is settled statically to form slurry, finishing the filling of soil seams after the slurry is settled, and finishing the construction of the lotus root pond;
step two: applying a base fertilizer; applying base fertilizer to the bottom of the full-soil lotus root pond after the full-soil lotus root pond is built in the step one, wherein the base fertilizer is applied to each 667m2Applying 1500kg of dry biogas residues or decomposed dry pig manure, 50kg of potassium sulfate type ternary compound fertilizer, 1kg of zinc fertilizer and 1kg of boron fertilizer;
step three: selecting varieties; the lotus root variety is preferably high-quality, disease-resistant and medium-early-maturing; selecting lotus roots which are plump in heads, complete in terminal buds, large in lotus roots, fine in lotus rhizome nodes, thick in later bundles, bright and uniform in color and luster; proper mashed lotus root without great damage, deformity and diseases and pestsSeed production; each 667m2The amount of lotus seeds is 400 kg; it is noted that transgenic lotus seeds are not used;
step four: planting; the planting time is that after base fertilizer is applied for one week and after 4 months and 10 days, a lotus root pool is kept with a 4cm water layer, wide-narrow row planting is carried out, the width row is 2.5m, the narrow row is 1.5m, and the plant spacing is 1 m; firstly, discharging the lotus roots and then planting; the planting depth is 10cm, and one whole lotus root is arranged in each hole; the planting holes are arranged in a triangular shape between the rows;
step five: applying additional fertilizer; applying the additional fertilizer for three times in total, wherein the first additional fertilizer is applied 30 days after the permanent planting, and each 667m230kg of potassium sulfate type ternary compound fertilizer is applied; the second additional fertilizer is applied 60 days after the field planting, and each 667m2Applying 25kg of potassium sulfate type ternary compound fertilizer; applying the third top dressing 80 days after field planting, wherein each 667m2Applying 10kg of urea and 10kg of potassium sulfate; the fertilizing method of the additional fertilizer comprises the following steps: two submersible pumps are placed in a pool adjacent to a lotus root pool, the two submersible pumps are placed in respective filtering fixed cavities, the submersible pumps are preferably submerged in water, the distance between the two submersible pumps is 2.5m, one submersible pump is used for fertilizer spraying, and the other submersible pump is used for rinsing with clear water;
step six: managing a water layer; the water depth of the lotus roots is kept at 4cm from the stage of permanent planting to the stage of sprouting, the water layer of the lotus roots is kept at 15cm during the vigorous growth period, the water depth of the lotus roots is kept at 6cm during the lotus root forming period, and the water depth of a lotus root pool is kept at 2cm during the lotus roots harvesting;
step seven: harvesting the next stubble without seeding; when lotus roots are harvested, digging three rows and leaving one row without digging, then digging five rows and leaving one row without digging, forming wide and narrow rows and reserving in-situ seed production; the harvesting method comprises the following steps: the lotus leaves are cut off before the lotus roots are dug, the water is filled for 10cm, the lotus roots are dug out by an operator after soil is scattered by a high-pressure water gun, and the lotus roots harvested by the method are complete and have no obvious scars.
The fertilizing method of the additional fertilizer in the fifth step specifically comprises the following steps: and simultaneously starting the two submersible pumps, wherein one submersible pump is used as a fertilizing pump, slowly pouring the fertilizer to be fertilized into a filtering fixed cavity in which the fertilizing pump is placed, spraying a mixture of the fertilizer and water to the lotus root pool to be fertilized by the fertilizing pump, and using the other submersible pump as a flushing pump which flushes clean water to the lotus leaves in the lotus root pool to be fertilized.
EXAMPLE III
An ecological environment-friendly shallow water lotus root planting method comprises the steps of building a full-soil lotus root pool, applying base fertilizer, selecting lotus root varieties, planting, applying additional fertilizer, managing a water layer and harvesting the next crop without seeding, and specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: building a full-soil lotus root pond; after the plot is selected, digging a rectangular pool with the depth of 33cm downwards in a field according to the ground level standard by adopting manpower or a bulldozer, wherein the length and the width are determined according to the terrain and the requirement, the dug plough layer soil is intensively stacked on one side, and the area of each pool is 0.45 hectare; leveling the bottom of the pool by using a bulldozer, and compacting by using a road roller or compacting by using an electric rammer; filling a layer of soil around the soil, compacting the soil by using a road roller or an electric rammer to ensure that the soil ridge is 40cm high and 1.1m wide; backfilling plough layer soil with the depth of 22.5cm into the pool; pouring water into the pond, fully stirring the water back and forth in the pond by using a rotary cultivator to form slurry, fully stirring the slurry in the pond by using the rotary cultivator for the second time after the slurry is settled statically to form slurry, fully stirring the slurry in the pond by using the rotary cultivator for the third time after the slurry is settled statically to form slurry, finishing the filling of soil seams after the slurry is settled, and finishing the construction of the lotus root pond;
step two: applying a base fertilizer; applying base fertilizer to the bottom of the full-soil lotus root pond after the full-soil lotus root pond is built in the step one, wherein the base fertilizer is applied to each 667m2Applying 1500kg of dry biogas residues or decomposed dry pig manure, 50kg of potassium sulfate type ternary compound fertilizer, 1kg of zinc fertilizer and 1kg of boron fertilizer;
step three: selecting varieties; the lotus root variety is preferably high-quality, disease-resistant and medium-early-maturing; selecting lotus roots which are plump in heads, complete in terminal buds, large in lotus roots, fine in lotus rhizome nodes, thick in later bundles, bright and uniform in color and luster; proper mud is carried, and lotus roots without large damage, deformity and plant diseases and insect pests are planted; each 667m2The amount of lotus seeds is 400 kg; it is noted that transgenic lotus seeds are not used;
step four: planting; the planting time is that after base fertilizer is applied for one week and after 4 months and 10 days, a lotus root pool is kept with a 4cm water layer, wide-narrow row planting is carried out, the width row is 2.5m, the narrow row is 1.5m, and the plant spacing is 1 m; firstly, discharging the lotus roots and then planting; the planting depth is 10cm, and one whole lotus root is arranged in each hole; the planting holes are arranged in a triangular shape between the rows;
step five: applying additional fertilizer; applying the additional fertilizer for three times in total, wherein the first additional fertilizer is applied 27 days after the permanent planting, and each 667m230kg of potassium sulfate type ternary compound fertilizer is applied; the second topdressing is applied 55 days after the field planting, and each 667m2Applying 25kg of potassium sulfate type ternary compound fertilizer; applying the third additional fertilizer at 78 days after the field planting, wherein each 667m2Applying 10kg of urea and 10kg of potassium sulfate; the fertilizing method of the additional fertilizer comprises the following steps: two submersible pumps are placed in a pool adjacent to a lotus root pool, the two submersible pumps are placed in respective filtering fixed cavities, the submersible pumps are preferably submerged in water, the distance between the two submersible pumps is 2.2m, one submersible pump is used for fertilizer spraying, and the other submersible pump is used for rinsing with clear water;
step six: managing a water layer; the water depth of the lotus roots is kept at 4cm from the stage of permanent planting to the stage of sprouting, the water layer of the lotus roots is kept at 15cm during the vigorous growth period, the water depth of the lotus roots is kept at 6cm during the lotus root forming period, and the water depth of a lotus root pool is kept at 2cm during the lotus roots harvesting;
step seven: harvesting the next stubble without seeding; when lotus roots are harvested, digging three rows and leaving one row without digging, then digging five rows and leaving one row without digging, forming wide and narrow rows and reserving in-situ seed production; the harvesting method comprises the following steps: the lotus leaves are cut off before the lotus roots are dug, the water is filled for 10cm, the lotus roots are dug out by an operator after soil is scattered by a high-pressure water gun, and the lotus roots harvested by the method are complete and have no obvious scars.
The fertilizing method of the additional fertilizer in the fifth step specifically comprises the following steps: and simultaneously starting the two submersible pumps, wherein one submersible pump is used as a fertilizing pump, slowly pouring the fertilizer to be fertilized into a filtering fixed cavity in which the fertilizing pump is placed, spraying a mixture of the fertilizer and water to the lotus root pool to be fertilized by the fertilizing pump, and using the other submersible pump as a flushing pump which flushes clean water to the lotus leaves in the lotus root pool to be fertilized.
Experimental example 1
In 2013, in the production base of Linfeng green agricultural product development limited company, Nanyang city, Henan province, experiments are carried out on the method for planting lotus roots, the total area of the lotus root pool for the experiments is 102 hectare, each lotus root pool is 0.4 hectare, and the selected lotus root variety is Elian No. 5; the specific planting method is the first embodiment; the average yield per mu of the lotus roots harvested in the first embodiment can reach 2962.7 kilograms, through the inspection and test of the fruit and seedling quality supervision and inspection test center of the Ministry of agriculture, the lotus root soluble sugar (calculated on a dry basis) per 100g is far greater than the specified value of 2.0 of GB/T5009.8-2008, the quality is obviously improved, and all pesticide residues meet the requirements of NY/T1044-2007 'Green food lotus roots and products thereof'.
The specific detection of lotus root is as follows: the produced lotus roots are detected by a fruit and seedling quality supervision, inspection and test center (Zhengzhou) of Ministry of agriculture, and the detection number is No: (W)2013-12-601, by 2013, 12 month and 17 month, the weight of the sample is 5kg, the test is according to NY/T1044-2007, and the test results are shown in the following table:
Figure BSA0000148826680000121
Figure BSA0000148826680000131
the lotus seeds are specifically detected as follows: the produced lotus seeds are detected by a fruit and seedling quality supervision, inspection and test center (Zhengzhou) of Ministry of agriculture, and the detection number is No: (W)2013-12-602, sample weight 4kg by 2013, 12 and 17 months, test according to NY/T1042-2006, test results are as follows:
Figure BSA0000148826680000132
according to the conditions of the lotus roots and the lotus seeds, the product produced by the method has the characteristics of high yield and good quality, and all pesticide residues meet the relevant national standards.
Experimental example two
In 2015 for 3 months, carrying out experimental demonstration on the method for planting lotus roots in the production area of the lotus roots in the whole county of Zhen Ping county, Nanyang city, Henan province, wherein the total area of lotus root ponds for experimental demonstration is 11934 hectares, the area of each lotus root pond is 0.45 hectare, and the selected lotus root variety is Eicheng No. 5; the specific planting method is the third embodiment; the average yield per mu of the lotus roots harvested in the third embodiment can reach 2965 kg, the quality of the lotus seeds can reach the national green food standard and pass the green food certification of the Ministry of agriculture, and the certificate number is as follows: LB-19-1508163483A, the quality of lotus root reaches the national green food standard and passes the green food certification of the Ministry of agriculture, the quality is obviously improved by certificate number LB-15-1508163482A, the certificate is determined as provincial 'Zhen Ping county export lotus root quality safety demonstration area' by the linkage conference of the Ministry of civil mansion of Henan province, and 10 ten thousand yuan is awarded by the inspection and quarantine bureau of the province's financial hall and Henan's entry and exit, and the file number is: yu Cao nong (2015) 298.
Experimental example III
In 2016, 4 months, the method for planting the lotus roots is tested in Yangxing town of Zhen Ping county, Nanyang city, Henan province, the total area of the lotus root ponds for the test is 216 hectare, the area of each lotus root pond is 0.5 hectare, and the selected lotus root variety is Elian No. 5; the specific planting method is the second embodiment; the average yield per mu of the lotus roots harvested in the second embodiment can reach 3106 kilograms; and the lotus root of this annual production carries out the selective examination by peaceful county agricultural product quality safety inspection management station, and concrete selective examination serial number is: NO: ZPNJ2016101802, verification category: sample inspection, sample grade, status: fresh and normal; the sampling inspection date: 2016, 10 months, 18 days; sample number: 2Kg, sampling base: 1000Kg, test standard: GB 2763-: 18/10/2016 to 29/10/2016, experimental environmental conditions: temperature: 15-28 ℃, and the humidity is less than 70% RH, and the temperature and the humidity meet the relevant requirements.
The test results are shown in the following table:
Figure BSA0000148826680000151
according to the situation of the lotus roots, the product produced by the method has the characteristics of high yield and all pesticide residues meeting the relevant national standards.
Experimental example four
The lotus root pool in the first experimental example was replanted in 10 months in 2016, wheat was planted according to farming season after replanted, and wheat in the lotus root pool was harvested in 6 months in 2017, which slightly increased the yield and did not change the quality of wheat significantly compared to other wheat in the area.
The above detailed description is only specific to possible embodiments of the present invention, and they are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and equivalent embodiments, modifications, and alterations without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. The ecological environment-friendly shallow water lotus root planting method comprises the steps of building a full-soil lotus root pool, applying base fertilizer, selecting lotus root varieties, planting, applying additional fertilizer, managing a water layer and harvesting the next crop without seeding, and is characterized in that: the method specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: building a full-soil lotus root pond; after the plots are selected, digging a rectangular pool with the depth of 33cm downwards in a field by adopting manual work or a bulldozer according to the ground level standard, wherein the length and the width are determined according to the terrain and requirements, the dug plough layer soil is intensively stacked on one side, and the area of each pool is not more than 0.5 hectare at most;
leveling the bottom of the pool by using a bulldozer, and compacting by using a road roller or compacting by using an electric rammer;
filling a layer of soil around the soil, compacting the soil by using a road roller or an electric rammer to ensure that the ridge of the soil is 38-42 cm high and 1-1.2 m wide; backfilling plough layer soil with the depth of 20-25 cm into the pool;
pouring water into the pond, fully stirring the water back and forth in the pond by using a rotary cultivator to form slurry, fully stirring the slurry in the pond by using the rotary cultivator for the second time after the slurry is settled statically to form slurry, fully stirring the slurry in the pond by using the rotary cultivator for the third time after the slurry is settled statically to form slurry, finishing the filling of soil seams after the slurry is settled, and finishing the construction of the lotus root pond;
step two: applying a base fertilizer; applying base fertilizer to the bottom of the full-soil lotus root pond after the full-soil lotus root pond is built in the step one, wherein the base fertilizer is applied to each 667m2Applying 1500kg of dry biogas residues or decomposed dry pig manure, 50kg of potassium sulfate type ternary compound fertilizer, 1kg of zinc fertilizer and 1kg of boron fertilizer;
step (ii) ofThirdly, the method comprises the following steps: selecting varieties; selecting high-quality, disease-resistant and middle-early-maturing lotus roots; selecting lotus roots which are plump in heads, complete in terminal buds, large in lotus roots, fine in lotus rhizome nodes, thick in later bundles, bright and uniform in color and luster; proper mud is carried, and lotus roots without large damage, deformity and plant diseases and insect pests are planted; each 667m2The amount of lotus seeds is 400 kg; it is noted that transgenic lotus seeds are not used;
step four: planting; the planting time is that after base fertilizer is applied for one week and after 4 months and 10 days, a lotus root pool is kept with a 4cm water layer, wide-narrow row planting is carried out, the width row is 2.5m, the narrow row is 1.5m, and the plant spacing is 1 m; firstly, discharging the lotus roots and then planting; the planting depth is 10cm, and one whole lotus root is arranged in each hole; the planting holes are arranged in a triangular shape between the rows;
step five: applying additional fertilizer; applying the additional fertilizer for three times in total, wherein the first additional fertilizer is applied 25-30 days after field planting, and each 667m230kg of potassium sulfate type ternary compound fertilizer is applied; applying the second additional fertilizer 50-60 days after field planting, wherein each 667m2Applying 25kg of potassium sulfate type ternary compound fertilizer; applying the third top dressing 77-80 days after field planting, wherein each 667m2Applying 10kg of urea and 10kg of potassium sulfate;
the fertilizing method of the additional fertilizer comprises the following steps: two submersible pumps are placed in a pool adjacent to a lotus root pool, the two submersible pumps are placed in respective filtering fixed cavities, the submersible pumps are submerged in water, the distance between the two submersible pumps is not less than 2m, one submersible pump is used for fertilizer spraying, and the other submersible pump is used for clear water washing;
step six: managing a water layer; the water depth of the lotus roots is kept at 4cm from the stage of permanent planting to the stage of sprouting, the water layer of the lotus roots is kept at 15cm during the vigorous growth period, the water depth of the lotus roots is kept at 6cm during the lotus root forming period, and the water depth of a lotus root pool is kept at 2cm during the lotus roots harvesting;
step seven: harvesting the next stubble without seeding; when lotus roots are harvested, digging three rows and leaving one row without digging, then digging five rows and leaving one row without digging, forming wide and narrow rows and reserving in-situ seed production; the harvesting method comprises the following steps: removing lotus leaves before digging lotus roots, irrigating for 10cm, digging out the lotus roots by an operator after scattering soil by using a high-pressure water gun, wherein the lotus roots harvested by the method are complete in branches and have no obvious scars;
after the lotus roots are planted for a certain period, the lotus root pond is ploughed again, and after the lotus root pond drains water during the ploughing again, the tractor is used for directly ploughing and ploughing again when the temperature is proper, so that the production performance of the original soil of the plough layer can be effectively maintained and improved; the fertilizer can satisfy the growth of lotus roots without excessively polluting water sources and soil, and the zinc fertilizer and the boron fertilizer can increase the quality of the lotus roots.
2. The planting method of ecological and environment-friendly shallow water lotus roots according to claim 1, characterized in that: the fertilizing method of the additional fertilizer in the fifth step specifically comprises the following steps: and simultaneously starting the two submersible pumps, wherein one submersible pump is used as a fertilizing pump, slowly pouring the fertilizer to be fertilized into a filtering fixed cavity in which the fertilizing pump is placed, spraying a mixture of the fertilizer and water to the lotus root pool to be fertilized by the fertilizing pump, and using the other submersible pump as a flushing pump which flushes clean water to the lotus leaves in the lotus root pool to be fertilized.
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