CN108901941A - A method of carbonate-type salt-soda soil is improved using fish culture - Google Patents

A method of carbonate-type salt-soda soil is improved using fish culture Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108901941A
CN108901941A CN201810654718.0A CN201810654718A CN108901941A CN 108901941 A CN108901941 A CN 108901941A CN 201810654718 A CN201810654718 A CN 201810654718A CN 108901941 A CN108901941 A CN 108901941A
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China
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salt
pond
soda soil
soil
water
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CN108901941B (en
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赵志刚
徐伟
徐奇友
罗亮
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Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences
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Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish

Abstract

A method of carbonate-type salt-soda soil being improved using fish culture, is related to a kind of method for improveing carbonate-type salt-soda soil.The present invention is to solve the problems, such as that improved effect difference present in existing carbonate-type saline and alkali land improvement method and method are complicated.Method：Salt-soda soil is equally divided into several salt-soda soil units, dykes and dams are built in edge, and ditching canal on the outside of dykes and dams is laid with collection branch pipe and the supervisor that catchments in soil horizon, and the water outlet for the supervisor that catchments is set in the collecting-tank outside salt-soda soil；Planting forage grass or saline-alkali tolerant crop in each salt-soda soil unit, fingerling stocking, feedstuff feeding, aquaculture management and regulating and controlling water quality after the selection of pond carry out soil pouring and elution using pond water.The present invention combines biological flocculation regulating and controlling water quality, scientific oxygenation and science and feeds, and realizes sediment of pond reparation, consumption salt-soda soil basicity, improvement pond water quality environment, reduces feedstuff feeding in breeding process.The present invention is suitable for improvement carbonate-type salt-soda soil.

Description

A method of carbonate-type salt-soda soil is improved using fish culture
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of methods for improveing carbonate-type salt-soda soil.
Background technique
Mainly there are solonchak, alkaline earth and different degrees of salty soils or the soil of alkalization, saline-alkali soil to contain to saline-alkali soil There is more salt and alkali component, physicochemical property is poor, and most plants all can not be in saline-alkali soil surface normal growth.There are all kinds of salt in China About 36,000,000 hm of alkali ground2, and salinization of soil area has widened trend year by year.West of Songnen Plain, that is, Jilin Province and Heilongjiang Province west Portion area is that one of big distributed area in China salt-soda soil five and carbonate-type salt-soda soil maximum areal concentration, area are up to 342 Ten thousand hm2.Jilin Province and Western Region of Heilongjiang Province possess the reserve land resources for increasing production hundred billion jin of grain abilities for country, are to work as The emphasis of land development in preceding and a period of time from now on.
It mainly include at present water conservancy improvement, physics and agricultural improvement and chemistry to the ameliorative measure in carbonate-type salt-soda soil With the measures such as biological modification, existing water conservancy ameliorative measure due to project scale is big and trivial operations therefore project scale is big and operates It is many and diverse, Meteorological is high, improved effect is not easy to maintain；The Crop Improvement or engineering planted in existing physics and agricultural improvement measure The methods of transformation is not easy to match with salt-soda soil type and condition etc.；Existing chemistry is by addition chemistry with biological modification measure Substance or microorganism are realized, it is desirable that the chemical substance of addition or microorganism etc. need to carry out stringent with salt-soda soil type and condition Match, there is a problem of improve low efficiency and improved effect difference；There is improvement low efficiencys, method in application process for these measures The problems such as complicated, project scale is greatly, investment and operation and maintenance cost are high, improved effect is poor.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is to solve improved effect difference present in existing carbonate-type saline and alkali land improvement method and method complexity Problem proposes a kind of method using fish culture improvement carbonate-type salt-soda soil.
The present invention is followed the steps below using the method in fish culture improvement carbonate-type salt-soda soil：
One, the setting in salt-soda soil
The salt-soda soil for selecting carbonate-type, is equally divided into several salt-soda soil units for salt-soda soil, single in each salt-soda soil Dykes and dams are built in first edge, the ditching canal around dykes and dams, several are laid in the soil horizon of each salt-soda soil unit and parallel is catchmented Branch pipe will be laid with the supervisor that catchments in soil horizon in salt-soda soil, the water outlet of collection branch pipe connects the supervisor that catchments, and the supervisor's that catchments goes out It is set at the mouth of a river in the collecting-tank outside salt-soda soil；Planting forage grass, corn or soybean in each salt-soda soil unit；
The area of each salt-soda soil unit is 1~2 mu；The trench depth be 60~80cm, width be 70~ 90cm；The dykes and dams height is 30~50cm, and width is 70~90cm；The spacing of the adjacent collection branch pipe is 15~25m； The collection branch pipe is set to 1.5~2.5m of soil or less；Supervisor's setting depth of catchmenting is greater than collection branch pipe and depth is arranged； Wherein, the purpose that supervisor's setting depth of catchmenting is greater than collection branch pipe setting depth is easy for infiltration water and collects to the supervisor that catchments；
Two, pond selects
It selects pond identical with the saline alkali land area of carbonate-type in step 1, device for feeding fish bait to be arranged in pond, fingerling is put It supports first 7~10 days, is carried out disinfection with calcium hypochlorite to pond；Calcium hypochlorite dosage when carrying out disinfection to pond is 300~500g/ Mu；The depth of water in the pond is 1.8m~2.2m；
Three, fingerling stocking
Big squama Barb fry kind, silver carp seed and bighead seed are put in a suitable place to breed into pond in the first tenday period of a month in May；Big squama Barb fish in pond, The biomass ratio of silver carp and bighead is (15~17):(2~4):1；
The big squama Barb fry kind is the big squama Barb fry kind of small dimension or the big squama Barb fry kind of big specification；The big squama Barb of big specification The stocking rate of fry kind is 500~800 tails/mu；The stocking rate of the big squama Barb fry kind of small dimension is 8000~10000 tails/mu；
The weight of the big squama Barb fry kind of big specification is 300~500g/ tail, and the weight of the big squama Barb fry kind of small dimension is 1~5g/ tail；The weight of silver carp seed is 100~150g/ tail；The weight of bighead seed is 100~150g/ tail；
Wherein, when big squama Barb fry kind, silver carp seed and bighead seed select, neat specification, physical strong, body surface are selected Completely, without lopsided, disease-free and injury-free and saline-alkali tolerant seed.
Four, feedstuff feeding
Compound feed for carps is fed in pond, is fed daily 3 times, is stopped when having 70~80% fish to leave when feeding every time Only feed；
Five, aquaculture management
Using aerator to the water oxygenation in pond to oxygen content for greater than 5mg/L；
The aerator power is 1kw/ mus；It splashed insect prevention drug every 20~22 days to pond；Wherein, it splashes to pond Insect prevention drug being capable of Verminosis prevention；
Six, regulating and controlling water quality
When the total ammonia nitrogen concentration of the water in pond is greater than 0.5mg/L, it is lower than to the water in pond addition molasses to ammonia nitrogen concentration 0.5mg/L, addition molasses open aerator in the process；Bacillus was added into the water in pond every 20~22 days；The bud The dosage of spore bacillus is 300g/ mus；Viable count is greater than 1,000,000/mg in the bacillus powder；
The molasses additive amount A is according to formula A=H × S × (30 × CTAN-N- 19) it/1000 calculates, wherein A adds for molasses Dosage, unit kg, H are the pond depth of water, and unit m, S are pond area, unit m2, CTAN-NIt is dense for the initial total ammonia nitrogen in pond Degree, unit mg/L；
Seven, salt-soda soil is poured and is eluted
Pond water is evacuated in each salt-soda soil unit using water pump 20~25 July and carries out soil pouring and elution Once, pond water is evacuated at August 10~15 in each salt-soda soil unit using water pump and carries out soil pouring and elution one It is secondary, pond water is evacuated in each salt-soda soil unit using water pump at 30 days~September of August 4th and carries out soil pouring and elution one Secondary, each pump-out is the 30%~40% of pond total Water, and infiltration water is successively collected to branch of catchmenting after soil is poured and eluted Manage, catchment supervisor and collecting-tank, then the water in collecting-tank is drawn back to pond using water pump, the water of loss passes through underground water Or river and lake water is supplemented.
It the principle of the invention and has the beneficial effect that：
One, present invention pond water first is to soil pouring and elution is carried out in each salt-soda soil unit, by burying hidden pipe Form setting collection branch pipe and the supervisor that catchments collect the infiltration buck with high salt after pouring and elution Saline, permeate buck with high salt Ecological pond culture for saline-alkali tolerant fish；Low alkalinity, eutrophic water body after the improvement obtained after ecological pond culture are again The soil of secondary elution and irrigation high salinity；The method of the present invention combine biological flocculation regulating and controlling water quality technology, scientific bleeding technique and Scientific feeding technology, the reparation for realizing sediment of pond, improvement pond water quality environment, reduce cultivation at the basicity for consuming salt-soda soil Feedstuff feeding in the process, the poor saline and alkaline soil Efficient Development of effect cannot be cultivated or cultivate by, which enabling, utilizes, while further Improve ecological pond culture efficiency.And the method for the present invention only cleans up the pond before cultivation and has used calcium hypochlorite, in pond culture Any sterilizing class drug is not used in journey, water quality keeps preferable.
Two, biological flocculation regulating and controlling water quality technology of the present invention refers to microorganism using the suspended matter in water body as " flocculation Core " forms the hydrophobicity granulated substance for having stronger adsorption capacity to organic matter, planktonic organism, protozoan etc..Size is at a few micrometers To between several millimeters, organism living accounts for 10~90% in biological flocculation, has self-reproduction ability.Due to its higher albumen Content is suitble to omnivorousness and filter-feeding fish to ingest.On the basis of breeding water body zero changes water, when water body ammonia-nitrogen content is high, lead to Artificial addition molasses are crossed as carbon source and adjust water body carbon-nitrogen ratio, promotes heterotrophicy bacteria mass propagation in water body, utilizes bacterial assimilation The nocuousness such as ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen nitrogen source in water body is converted to mycoprotein by inorganic nitrogen, and by bacterium by water body algae, Protozoan, wheel animalcule and organic matter flocculation form " biological flocculation " at particulate matter, are finally ingested by cultivated animals, play tune The effect for controlling water quality, promoting Cycle of nutrients to recycle, improve cultivated animals survival rate, reducing feedstuff feeding, and heterotrophism The mass propagation promotion of bacterium efficiently uses the nutriment of sediment of pond surplus, realizes the reparation to sediment of pond.
Biological flocculation technology of the present invention has the characteristics that：1, zero water is changed in breeding process, can reach the mesh of water-saving and emission-reducing 's；2, water quality, while pre- disease prevention are regulated and controled using ecological method, without using sterilizing class antibiotic medicine during cultivation, Achieve the purpose that green cultivation；3, the edible mycoprotein of fish body is converted by harmful nitrogen source such as water body ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, effectively Improve water quality, improve efficiency of feed utilization, can reach the purpose efficiently cultivated；
Heterotrophicy bacteria in biological flocculation is during growth and breeding, and using organic carbon as the energy, ammonia is the theoretical meter of nitrogen source Formula is as follows：
NH4 ++1.18C6H12O6+HCO3 -+2.06O2→C5H7O2N+6.06H2O+3.07CO2
According to above formula, the every assimilation 1g ammoniacal nitrogen of heterotrophicy bacteria needs to consume 15.17g carbohydrate, 3.57g total alkalinity, 4.17g dissolved oxygen；Meanwhile, it is capable to generate 8.07g heterotrophicy bacteria thallus and 9.65g carbon dioxide.
Three, within a breeding period, with do not use the method for the present invention processing comparatively compared with, the carbon of alkaline land soil Acid ion content reduces 88.6%；Bicarbonate ion content reduces 48.7%；Total alkalinity reduces 81.3%；Total salt Degree reduces 11.1%；PH value reduces 7.4%；Total nitrogen content increases 4.7%；Nitric nitrogen content increases 2.9%；Have Machine matter content increases 1.5%.Meanwhile the fertility of alkaline land soil is effectively increased, reach to ecology of alkali saline land reparation Purpose realizes the unification of economic benefit, ecological benefits and social benefit.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the setting schematic diagram in salt-soda soil in embodiment 1；1 is salt-soda soil unit in figure, and 2 be dykes and dams, and 3 be branch of catchmenting Pipe, 4 be the supervisor that catchments, and 5 be collecting-tank, and 6 be pond；
Fig. 2 is depth of soil-carbanion content column diagram in embodiment 1, and A corresponds to comparative experiments in figure, and B is corresponding real Apply example 1；
Fig. 3 is depth of soil-bicarbonate ion content column diagram in embodiment 1, and A corresponds to comparative experiments in figure, and B is corresponding Embodiment 1；
Fig. 4 is depth of soil-total alkalinity column diagram in embodiment 1, and A corresponds to comparative experiments, B corresponding embodiment 1 in figure；
Fig. 5 is the total salinity column diagram of depth of soil-in embodiment 1, and A corresponds to comparative experiments, B corresponding embodiment 1 in figure；
Fig. 6 is depth of soil-pH value column diagram in embodiment 1, and A corresponds to comparative experiments, B corresponding embodiment 1 in figure；
Fig. 7 is depth of soil-total nitrogen content column diagram in embodiment 1, and A corresponds to comparative experiments, B corresponding embodiment 1 in figure；
Fig. 8 is depth of soil-nitric nitrogen content column diagram in embodiment 1, and A corresponds to comparative experiments in figure, and B is corresponding to be implemented Example 1；
Fig. 9 is depth of soil-content of organic matter column diagram in embodiment 1, and A corresponds to comparative experiments, B corresponding embodiment in figure 1。
Specific embodiment：
The technical solution of the present invention is not limited to the following list, further includes between each specific embodiment Any reasonable combination.
Specific embodiment one：Present embodiment is using the method in fish culture improvement carbonate-type salt-soda soil according to following Step carries out：
One, the setting in salt-soda soil
The salt-soda soil for selecting carbonate-type, is equally divided into several salt-soda soil units for salt-soda soil, single in each salt-soda soil Dykes and dams are built in first edge, the ditching canal around dykes and dams, several are laid in the soil horizon of each salt-soda soil unit and parallel is catchmented Branch pipe will be laid with the supervisor that catchments in soil horizon in salt-soda soil, the water outlet of collection branch pipe connects the supervisor that catchments, and the supervisor's that catchments goes out It is set at the mouth of a river in the collecting-tank outside salt-soda soil；Planting forage grass, corn or soybean in each salt-soda soil unit；
Supervisor's setting depth of catchmenting is greater than collection branch pipe and depth is arranged；The area of each salt-soda soil unit is 1 ~2 mu；The collection branch pipe is set to 1.5~2.5m of soil or less；
Two, pond selects
It selects pond identical with the saline alkali land area of carbonate-type in step 1, device for feeding fish bait to be arranged in pond, fingerling is put It supports first 7~10 days, is carried out disinfection with calcium hypochlorite to pond；
Three, fingerling stocking
Big squama Barb fry kind, silver carp seed and bighead seed are put in a suitable place to breed into pond in the first tenday period of a month in May；Big squama Barb fish in pond, The biomass ratio of silver carp and bighead is (15~17):(2~4):1；
The big squama Barb fry kind is the big squama Barb fry kind of small dimension or the big squama Barb fry kind of big specification；The big squama Barb of big specification The stocking rate of fry kind is 500~800 tails/mu；The stocking rate of the big squama Barb fry kind of small dimension is 8000~10000 tails/mu；
Four, feedstuff feeding
Compound feed for carps is fed in pond, is fed daily 3 times, is stopped when having 70~80% fish to leave when feeding every time Only feed；
Five, aquaculture management
Using aerator to the water oxygenation in pond to oxygen content for greater than 5mg/L；
Six, regulating and controlling water quality
When the total ammonia nitrogen concentration of the water in pond is greater than 0.5mg/L, it is lower than to the water in pond addition molasses to ammonia nitrogen concentration 0.5mg/L, addition molasses open aerator in the process；Bacillus was added into the water in pond every 20~22 days；
Seven, salt-soda soil is poured and is eluted
Pond water is evacuated in each salt-soda soil unit using water pump 20~25 July and carries out soil pouring and elution Once, pond water is evacuated at August 10~15 in each salt-soda soil unit using water pump and carries out soil pouring and elution one It is secondary, pond water is evacuated in each salt-soda soil unit using water pump at 30 days~September of August 4th and carries out soil pouring and elution one Secondary, each pump-out is the 30%~40% of pond total Water, and infiltration water is successively collected to branch of catchmenting after soil is poured and eluted Manage, catchment supervisor and collecting-tank, then the water in collecting-tank is drawn back to pond using water pump, the water of loss passes through underground water Or river and lake water is supplemented.
It present embodiment principle and has the beneficial effect that：
One, present embodiment pond water first is to soil pouring and elution is carried out in each salt-soda soil unit, by embedded Hidden pipe form setting collection branch pipe and the supervisor that catchments collect the infiltration buck with high salt after pouring and elution Saline, permeate with high salt Buck is used for the ecological pond culture of saline-alkali tolerant fish；Low alkalinity, eutrophic water after the improvement obtained after ecological pond culture Body elutes and irrigates again the soil of high salinity；Present embodiment method combines biological flocculation regulating and controlling water quality technology, science increases Oxygen technology and scientific feeding technology, the reparation for realizing sediment of pond, the basicity for consuming salt-soda soil, improvement pond water quality environment, Feedstuff feeding in breeding process is reduced, the poor saline and alkaline soil Efficient Development of effect cannot be cultivated or cultivate by, which enabling, utilizes, together When further improve ecological pond culture efficiency.And present embodiment method only cleans up the pond before cultivation and has used calcium hypochlorite, Any sterilizing class drug is not used during pond culture, water quality keeps preferable.
Two, present embodiment biological flocculation regulating and controlling water quality technology refers to microorganism using the suspended matter in water body as " wadding Solidifying core ", forms the hydrophobicity granulated substance for having stronger adsorption capacity to organic matter, planktonic organism, protozoan etc..Size is several micro- Rice is between several millimeters, and organism living accounts for 10~90% in biological flocculation, has self-reproduction ability.Due to its higher egg Bai Hanliang is suitble to omnivorousness and filter-feeding fish to ingest.On the basis of breeding water body zero changes water, when water body ammonia-nitrogen content is high, Water body carbon-nitrogen ratio is adjusted by artificially adding molasses as carbon source, promotes heterotrophicy bacteria mass propagation in water body, it is same using bacterium Change inorganic nitrogen, the nocuousness such as ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen nitrogen source in water body is converted to mycoprotein, and pass through bacterium for the algae in water body Class, protozoan, wheel animalcule and organic matter flocculation form " biological flocculation " at particulate matter, are finally ingested, play by cultivated animals The effect for regulating and controlling water quality, promoting Cycle of nutrients to recycle, improve cultivated animals survival rate, reducing feedstuff feeding, and it is different The mass propagation promotion for supporting bacterium efficiently uses the nutriment of sediment of pond surplus, and sediment of pond is repaired in realization It is multiple.
Present embodiment biological flocculation technology has the characteristics that：1, zero water is changed in breeding process, can reach water-saving and emission-reducing Purpose；2, water quality, while pre- disease prevention are regulated and controled using ecological method, without using sterilizing class antibiolics during cultivation Object achievees the purpose that green cultivation；3, the edible mycoprotein of fish body is converted by harmful nitrogen source such as water body ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, It is effectively improved water quality, improves efficiency of feed utilization, can reach the purpose efficiently cultivated；
Heterotrophicy bacteria in biological flocculation is during growth and breeding, and using organic carbon as the energy, ammonia is the theoretical meter of nitrogen source Formula is as follows：
NH4 ++1.18C6H12O6+HCO3 -+2.06O2→C5H7O2N+6.06H2O+3.07CO2
According to above formula, the every assimilation 1g ammoniacal nitrogen of heterotrophicy bacteria needs to consume 15.17g carbohydrate, 3.57g total alkalinity, 4.17g dissolved oxygen；Meanwhile, it is capable to generate 8.07g heterotrophicy bacteria thallus and 9.65g carbon dioxide.
Three, within a breeding period, with do not use present embodiment method processing comparatively compared with, alkaline land soil Carbanion content reduce 88.6%；Bicarbonate ion content reduces 48.7%；Total alkalinity reduces 81.3%； Total salinity decrease 11.1%；PH value reduces 7.4%；Total nitrogen content increases 4.7%；Nitric nitrogen content increases 2.9%；The content of organic matter increases 1.5%.Meanwhile the fertility of alkaline land soil is effectively increased, reach raw to salt-soda soil The purpose of state reparation realizes the unification of economic benefit, ecological benefits and social benefit.
Specific embodiment two：The present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that：Trench depth described in step 1 For 60~80cm, width is 70~90cm.Other steps and parameter are same as the specific embodiment one.
Specific embodiment three：The present embodiment is different from the first and the second embodiment in that：Dykes and dams described in step 1 Height is 30~50cm, and width is 70~90cm.Other steps and parameter are the same as one or two specific embodiments.
Specific embodiment four：Unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment one to three：Described in step 1 The spacing of adjacent collection branch pipe is 15~25m.Other steps and parameter are identical as one of specific embodiment one to three.
Specific embodiment five：Unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment one to four：Described in step 2 Calcium hypochlorite dosage is 300~500g/ mus when carrying out disinfection to pond.Other steps and parameter and specific embodiment one to four it One is identical.
Specific embodiment six：Unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment one to five：Described in step 2 The depth of water in pond is 1.8m~2.2m.Other steps and parameter are identical as one of specific embodiment one to five.
Specific embodiment seven：Unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment one to six：Described in step 3 The weight of the big squama Barb fry kind of big specification is 300~500g/ tail, and the weight of the big squama Barb fry kind of small dimension is 1~5g/ tail；Silver carp The weight of fry kind is 100~150g/ tail；The weight of bighead seed is 100~150g/ tail.Other steps and parameter and specific One of embodiment one to six is identical.
Specific embodiment eight：Unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment one to seven：Described in step 6 The dosage of bacillus is 300g/ mus.Other steps and parameter are identical as one of specific embodiment one to seven.
Specific embodiment nine：Present embodiment is unlike specific embodiment eight：Bacillus described in step 6 Viable count is greater than 1,000,000/mg in powder.Other steps and parameter are identical as specific embodiment eight.
Specific embodiment ten：Unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment one to nine：Described in step 6 Molasses additive amount A is according to formula A=H × S × (30 × CTAN-N- 19) it/1000 calculates, wherein A is molasses additive amount, and unit is Kg, H are the pond depth of water, and unit m, S are pond area, unit m2, CTAN-NFor the initial total ammonia nitrogen concentration in pond, unit is mg/L.Other steps and parameter are identical as one of specific embodiment one to nine.
Using following experimental verification beneficial effects of the present invention：
Embodiment 1：
Be illustrated with reference to Fig. 1 the present embodiment, the present embodiment using fish culture improvement carbonate-type salt-soda soil method according to Following steps carry out：
One, the setting in salt-soda soil
The salt-soda soil for selecting carbonate-type, is equally divided into several salt-soda soil units for salt-soda soil, single in each salt-soda soil Dykes and dams are built in first edge, the ditching canal around dykes and dams, several are laid in the soil horizon of each salt-soda soil unit and parallel is catchmented Branch pipe will be laid with the supervisor that catchments in soil horizon in salt-soda soil, the water outlet of collection branch pipe connects the supervisor that catchments, and the supervisor's that catchments goes out It is set at the mouth of a river in the collecting-tank outside salt-soda soil；The planting forage grass in each salt-soda soil unit；
The area of each salt-soda soil unit is 1 mu；The trench depth is 70cm, width 80cm；The dykes and dams Height is 40cm, width 80cm；The spacing of the adjacent collection branch pipe is 20m；The collection branch pipe be set to soil with Lower 2m；Supervisor's setting depth of catchmenting is greater than collection branch pipe and depth is arranged；Wherein, supervisor's setting depth of catchmenting is greater than branch of catchmenting The purpose of pipe setting depth is easy for infiltration water and collects to the supervisor that catchments；
Two, pond selects
It selects pond identical with the saline alkali land area of carbonate-type in step 1, device for feeding fish bait to be arranged in pond, fingerling is put It supports first 7~10 days, is carried out disinfection with calcium hypochlorite to pond；Calcium hypochlorite dosage when carrying out disinfection to pond is 300g/ mus；Institute The depth of water for stating pond is 1.8m；
Three, fingerling stocking
Big squama Barb fry kind, silver carp seed and bighead seed are put in a suitable place to breed into pond in the first tenday period of a month in May；Big squama Barb fish in pond, The biomass ratio of silver carp and bighead is 16:3:1；
The big squama Barb fry kind is the big squama Barb fry kind of small dimension；The stocking rate of the big squama Barb fry kind of small dimension is 8300 Tail/mu；The weight of the big squama Barb fry kind of small dimension is 5g/ tail；The weight of silver carp seed is 100g/ tail；The weight of bighead seed For 100g/ tail；
Wherein, when big squama Barb fry kind, silver carp seed and bighead seed select, neat specification, physical strong, body surface are selected Completely, without lopsided, disease-free and injury-free and saline-alkali tolerant seed.
Four, feedstuff feeding
Carp carp compound feed is fed in pond, is fed daily 3 times, stopping when thering is 80% fish to leave when feeding every time It feeds；
Five, aquaculture management
Using aerator to the water oxygenation in pond to oxygen content be 5mg/L；
The aerator power is 1kw/ mus；It splashed insect prevention drug every 20 days to pond；
Six, regulating and controlling water quality
When the total ammonia nitrogen concentration of the water in pond is greater than 0.5mg/L, it is lower than to the water in pond addition molasses to ammonia nitrogen concentration 0.5mg/L, addition molasses open aerator in the process；Bacillus was added into the water in pond every 20 days；The gemma bar The dosage of bacterium is 300g/ mus；Viable count is greater than 1,000,000/mg in the bacillus powder；
The molasses additive amount A is according to formula A=H × S × (30 × CTAN-N- 19) it/1000 calculates, wherein A adds for molasses Dosage, unit kg, H are the pond depth of water, and unit m, S are pond area, unit m2, CTAN-NIt is dense for the initial total ammonia nitrogen in pond Degree, unit mg/L；
Seven, salt-soda soil is poured and is eluted
Pond water is evacuated in each salt-soda soil unit using water pump 20~25 July and carries out soil pouring and elution Once, pond water is evacuated at August 10~15 in each salt-soda soil unit using water pump and carries out soil pouring and elution one It is secondary, pond water is evacuated in each salt-soda soil unit using water pump at 30 days~September of August 4th and carries out soil pouring and elution one Secondary, each pump-out is the 30%~40% of pond total Water, and infiltration water is successively collected to branch of catchmenting after soil is poured and eluted Manage, catchment supervisor and collecting-tank, then the water in collecting-tank is drawn back to pond using water pump, the water of loss passes through underground water Or river and lake water is supplemented.Fig. 1 is the setting schematic diagram in salt-soda soil in embodiment 1；1 is salt-soda soil unit in figure, and 2 be dykes and dams, 3 It is the supervisor that catchments for collection branch pipe, 4,5 be collecting-tank, and 6 be pond；
It is the initial time of culture-cycle when the first tenday period of a month in May put seed in a suitable place to breed into pond, the culture-cycle is set as 140d, and one The growth performance of big squama Barb and yield are shown in Table 1 in pond after culture-cycle；By the cultivation of a culture-cycle, the end of big squama Barb Opisthosoma has weighed 102.5g, and per mu yield has reached 849.7kg/ mus, and feed coefficient 1.32, survival rate is almost 100%；
Table 1 squama Barb big growth performance and yield
Comparative experiments：
Adjacent salt-soda soil identical with 1 area of embodiment, and planting forage grass are chosen, experiment is compared；It tests respectively One culture-cycle (140d) the carbon in soil acid ion content of 0~40cm depth, carbon in embodiment 1 and in comparative experiments afterwards Sour hydrogen radical ion concentration, total alkalinity, total salinity, pH value, total nitrogen content, nitric nitrogen content and the content of organic matter；Test result As shown in Fig. 2~9；
Fig. 2 is depth of soil-carbanion content column diagram in embodiment 1, and A corresponds to comparative experiments in figure, and B is corresponding real Apply example 1；As shown in Figure 2, the carbon in soil acid ion content of 0~40cm depth is significantly lower than comparative experiments in embodiment 1, The carbanion content that is averaged in the soil of 0~40cm depth in embodiment 1 reduces 88.6% compared with comparative experiments；
Fig. 3 is depth of soil-bicarbonate ion content column diagram in embodiment 1, and A corresponds to comparative experiments in figure, and B is corresponding Embodiment 1；From the figure 3, it may be seen that the carbon in soil acid hydrogen radical ion concentration of 0~40cm depth is significantly lower than comparison in embodiment 1 Experiment, average bicarbonate ion content compared with comparative experiments reduces 48.7% in the soil of 0~40cm depth in embodiment 1；
Fig. 4 is depth of soil-total alkalinity column diagram in embodiment 1, and A corresponds to comparative experiments, B corresponding embodiment 1 in figure；By Fig. 4 is it is found that total alkalinity is significantly lower than comparative experiments, 0~40cm in embodiment 1 in the soil of 0~40cm depth in embodiment 1 Average total alkalinity reduces 81.3% compared with comparative experiments in the soil of depth；
Fig. 5 is the total salinity column diagram of depth of soil-in embodiment 1, and A corresponds to comparative experiments, B corresponding embodiment 1 in figure；By Fig. 5 is it is found that different degrees of fluctuation, 0~40cm in embodiment 1 occur in embodiment 1 and each total salinity of layer soil of comparative experiments Average total salinity reduces 11.1% compared with comparative experiments in the soil of depth；
Fig. 6 is depth of soil-pH value column diagram in embodiment 1, and A corresponds to comparative experiments, B corresponding embodiment 1 in figure；By scheming 6 it is found that the pH value of the soil of 0~40cm depth is below comparative experiments in embodiment 1, the soil of 0~40cm depth in embodiment 1 The pH value of earth reduces 7.4% compared with comparative experiments；
Fig. 7 is depth of soil-total nitrogen content column diagram in embodiment 1, and A corresponds to comparative experiments, B corresponding embodiment 1 in figure； As shown in Figure 7, there is different degrees of fluctuation in the total nitrogen content of embodiment 1 and each layer soil of comparative experiments, 0 in embodiment 1 The total nitrogen content of the soil of~40cm depth increases 4.7% compared with comparative experiments；
Fig. 8 is depth of soil-nitric nitrogen content column diagram in embodiment 1, and A corresponds to comparative experiments in figure, and B is corresponding to be implemented Example 1；As shown in Figure 8, there is different degrees of fluctuation in embodiment 1 and the nitric nitrogen content of each layer soil of comparative experiments, real The nitric nitrogen content for applying the soil of 0~40cm depth in example 1 increases 2.9% compared with comparative experiments；
Fig. 9 is depth of soil-content of organic matter column diagram in embodiment 1, and A corresponds to comparative experiments, B corresponding embodiment in figure 1；As shown in Figure 9, there is different degrees of fluctuation, embodiment 1 in embodiment 1 and the content of organic matter of each layer soil of comparative experiments In the content of organic matter of soil of 0~40cm depth increase 1.5% compared with comparative experiments.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of method using fish culture improvement carbonate-type salt-soda soil, it is characterised in that：This method is according to the following steps It carries out：
One, the setting in salt-soda soil
The salt-soda soil for selecting carbonate-type, is equally divided into several salt-soda soil units for salt-soda soil, in each salt-soda soil element sides Dykes and dams are built at edge, the ditching canal around dykes and dams is laid with several parallel collection branch pipes in the soil horizon of each salt-soda soil unit, The supervisor that catchments will be laid in soil horizon in salt-soda soil, the water outlet of collection branch pipe connects the supervisor that catchments, the water outlet for the supervisor that catchments Place is set in the collecting-tank outside salt-soda soil；Planting forage grass, corn or soybean in each salt-soda soil unit；
Supervisor's setting depth of catchmenting is greater than collection branch pipe and depth is arranged；The area of each salt-soda soil unit is 1~2 Mu；The collection branch pipe is set to 1.5~2.5m of soil or less；
Two, pond selects
Identical with the saline alkali land area of carbonate-type in step 1 pond is selected, setting device for feeding fish bait in pond, 7 before fingerling stocking It~10 days, is carried out disinfection with calcium hypochlorite to pond；
Three, fingerling stocking
Big squama Barb fry kind, silver carp seed and bighead seed are put in a suitable place to breed into pond in the first tenday period of a month in May；Big squama Barb fish, silver carp in pond Biomass ratio with bighead is (15~17):(2~4):1；
The big squama Barb fry kind is the big squama Barb fry kind of small dimension or the big squama Barb fry kind of big specification；The big squama Barb fry of big specification The stocking rate of kind is 500~800 tails/mu；The stocking rate of the big squama Barb fry kind of small dimension is 8000~10000 tails/mu；
Four, feedstuff feeding
Compound feed for carps is fed in pond, is fed daily 3 times, stops throwing when having 70~80% fish to leave when feeding every time Hello；
Five, aquaculture management
Using aerator to the water oxygenation in pond to oxygen content for greater than 5mg/L；
Six, regulating and controlling water quality
When the total ammonia nitrogen concentration of the water in pond is greater than 0.5mg/L, it is lower than to the water in pond addition molasses to ammonia nitrogen concentration 0.5mg/L, addition molasses open aerator in the process；Bacillus was added into the water in pond every 20~22 days；
Seven, salt-soda soil is poured and is eluted
Pond water is evacuated in each salt-soda soil unit using water pump 20~25 July and carries out soil pouring and elution one It is secondary, pond water is evacuated at August 10~15 in each salt-soda soil unit using water pump and carries out soil pouring and elution is primary, Pond water is evacuated in each salt-soda soil unit using water pump at 30 days~September of August 4th and carries out soil pouring and elution once, Each pump-out is the 30%~40% of pond total Water, soil pour and elution after infiltration water be successively collected to collection branch pipe, Catchment supervisor and collecting-tank, is then drawn back the water in collecting-tank to pond using water pump, the water of loss by underground water or River and lake water is supplemented.
2. the method according to claim 1 using fish culture improvement carbonate-type salt-soda soil, it is characterised in that：Step One trench depth is 60~80cm, and width is 70~90cm.
3. the method according to claim 1 using fish culture improvement carbonate-type salt-soda soil, it is characterised in that：Step The one dykes and dams height is 30~50cm, and width is 70~90cm.
4. the method according to claim 1 using fish culture improvement carbonate-type salt-soda soil, it is characterised in that：Step The spacing of the one adjacent collection branch pipe is 15~25m.
5. the method according to claim 1 using fish culture improvement carbonate-type salt-soda soil, it is characterised in that：Step Two calcium hypochlorite dosages when carrying out disinfection to pond are 300~500g/ mus.
6. the method according to claim 1 using fish culture improvement carbonate-type salt-soda soil, it is characterised in that：Step The depth of water in two ponds is 1.8m~2.2m.
7. the method according to claim 1 using fish culture improvement carbonate-type salt-soda soil, it is characterised in that：Step The weight of the three big big squama Barb fry kinds of specification is 300~500g/ tail, and the weight of the big squama Barb fry kind of small dimension is 1~5g/ Tail；The weight of silver carp seed is 100~150g/ tail；The weight of bighead seed is 100~150g/ tail.
8. the method according to claim 1 using fish culture improvement carbonate-type salt-soda soil, it is characterised in that：Step The dosage of six bacillus is 300g/ mus.
9. the method according to claim 1 using fish culture improvement carbonate-type salt-soda soil, it is characterised in that：Step Viable count is greater than 1,000,000/mg in the six bacillus powder.
10. the method according to claim 1 using fish culture improvement carbonate-type salt-soda soil, it is characterised in that：Step The rapid six molasses additive amount A is according to formula A=H × S × (30 × CTAN-N- 19) it/1000 calculates, wherein A is molasses addition Amount, unit kg, H are the pond depth of water, and unit m, S are pond area, unit m2, CTAN-NIt is dense for the initial total ammonia nitrogen in pond Degree, unit mg/L.
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