CN108901960A - A kind of rice shrimp soft-shelled turtle symbiosis high-efficiency low-carbon agricultural breeding method - Google Patents
A kind of rice shrimp soft-shelled turtle symbiosis high-efficiency low-carbon agricultural breeding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108901960A CN108901960A CN201810682865.9A CN201810682865A CN108901960A CN 108901960 A CN108901960 A CN 108901960A CN 201810682865 A CN201810682865 A CN 201810682865A CN 108901960 A CN108901960 A CN 108901960A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
A kind of rice shrimp soft-shelled turtle symbiosis high-efficiency low-carbon agricultural breeding method.It is comprised the following steps：A, select excellent rice field as rice shrimp soft-shelled turtle symbiosis field, in rice field center rice cultivation, rice field surrounding digs circular groove cultivation shrimp and soft-shelled turtle, builds escaping-preventing facilities in circular groove surrounding；B, late Febuary begins a clean up and shines circular groove, carries out drug to circular groove and cleans up the pond, is sterilized after water inlet with bleaching powder；C, water storage culture foundation bait, then 10cm~20cm of intaking, rich water select organic fertilizer, and apply fertilizer nitrogenous fertilizer 3kg, phosphate fertilizer 1kg per acre；D, start mid-March to launch 180~200kg of spiral shell per acre；E, early April launches juvenile prawn；F, start mid-April to transplant water plant；G, raising rice seedlings mid-May；H, microorganism formulation is launched every two weeks mid-May；I, late May puts soft-shelled turtle kind in a suitable place to breed, and late November does pond fishing；J, early June rice transplanting, early November gather in rice.This method inhibits the use of chemical fertilizer, improves input-output ratio, increases the income of peasant.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to artificial culture technology fields, and in particular to a kind of rice shrimp soft-shelled turtle symbiosis high-efficiency low-carbon agricultural breeding side
Method.
Background technique
Ecological agriculture abbreviation ECO is according to ecological principle and Principles of Economics, with modern science and technology achievement and now
It is set up for the effective experience of management means and traditional agriculture, higher economic benefit, ecological benefits and society can be obtained
The modernization high-efficiency agriculture of meeting benefit.China is the first in the world aquaculture big country, and account for world aquaculture total amount 70% is left
The development on the right side, Chinese Fishery cultivation is the emphasis of World Focusing.Currently, the production process in aquaculture is still more extensive, deposit
Situations such as resource utilization is low, medication is not scientific, input-output ratio is not high, cause agricultural non-point source pollution, Safety of Food Quality,
The problems such as culture efficiency is low, cause negative effect to the food safety and ecological environment of country.In recent years, rice fishing is comprehensive
It closes the breeding ecological agriculture gradually to rise, opened up a new way for Agro-ecology sustainable development.
With the improvement of people's living standards, it is higher and higher to the quality requirements of the aquatic products such as rice, cray and soft-shelled turtle,
Imbalance between supply and demand is increasingly prominent.Efficient Eco-agriculture is agricultural development direction, Rice Cropping in conjunction with aquaculture, can make efficiently with
Ecology organically combines.Though cray is the favorite aquatic products good merchantable brand of citizen, due to the use of pesticide in agricultural production, current production rate
Fall sharply, quality decline.It has been investigated that paddy field ecologic breeding cray, while a certain amount of soft-shelled turtle of arranging in pairs or groups, it can inhibition
It learns to farm the use of medicine, reduces applying quantity of chemical fertilizer, and rice field overall economic efficiency can be improved.
Summary of the invention
In view of the defects and deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention intends to provide a kind of rice shrimp soft-shelled turtle symbiosis high-efficiency low-carbon agricultures
Industry cultural method, it can solve, and current agricultural breeding resource utilization is low, medication is not scientific, input-output ratio is not high, paddy field
Excessively use the defect of pesticide diseases prevention.
To achieve the above object, the present invention is using following technical scheme：It is comprised the following steps：
A, select to have abundant water resources, irrigation and drainage are convenient, water quality is excellent rice field is as rice shrimp soft-shelled turtle symbiosis field, plant water in rice field center
Rice, in rice field, surrounding digs circular groove cultivation shrimp and soft-shelled turtle, builds escaping-preventing facilities in circular groove surrounding；The planting density of rice be 20cm ×
30cm, the area of circular groove are the 20%~30% of symbiosis field, and the depth of ditch is 80cm~100cm；
B, the dry circular groove of late Febuary~early March clears up circular groove, thoroughly shines ditch, carries out drug to the circular groove put in order and cleans up the pond, into
Water 25cm~35cm is splashed disinfection with the full ditch of bleaching powder；
C, water storage culture foundation bait after the bleaching powder drug effect phase, water inlet is filtered with bolting silk mesh bag, then 10cm~20cm of intaking,
Rich water selects organic fertilizer, and apply fertilizer nitrogenous fertilizer 3kg, phosphate fertilizer 1kg per acre, is advisable with water in yellow green, shallow dark brown；
D, 180~200kg of spiral shell is launched per acre mid-March~mid-April；
E, early April launches juvenile prawn；
F, the first tenday period of a month in mid-April to May transplant water plant；
G, raising rice seedlings mid-May；
H, microorganism formulation is launched every two weeks mid-May；
I, late May puts soft-shelled turtle kind in a suitable place to breed, and late November does pond fishing；
J, early June rice transplanting, early November gather in rice.
Bleaching powder is bleaching powder 20ppm in the step b.
Bolting silk mesh bag is the bolting silk mesh bag of 80 mesh in the step c.
Juvenile prawn specification is 100~200 tails/kg in the step e, and injected volume is 10000 tails/mu.
Water plant is water spinach or water peanut in the step f.
Microorganism formulation is made of Bacillus natto, lactic acid bacteria and saccharomycete in the step h.
Soft-shelled turtle kind specification is 400~450g/ in the step i, and injected volume is 60~100/mu, high when soft-shelled turtle kind is put in a suitable place to breed
Potassium manganate disinfection.
In cultivation early period, water is gradually added until depth of water 80cm；During cultivation, fed along circular groove surrounding science fixed point small
Trash fish, periodic detection breeding water, water quality transparency are maintained at 24~26cm.
The working principle of the invention：The combination of rice, cray, soft-shelled turtle, wherein cray was both using cray as intermediate link
Remove part weeds in paddy field, insect pest, and the main living bait as Shelled Turtle Trionyx Sinensis；And utilize the excessive of Shelled Turtle Trionyx Sinensis control cray
The excreta of breeding, rice in utilization cray and Shelled Turtle Trionyx Sinensis is supplement fertilizer, and improves water environment, is conducive to Shelled Turtle Trionyx Sinensis and small dragon
The growth of shrimp.The microorganism formulation being made of Bacillus natto, lactic acid bacteria and saccharomycete is periodically launched, is enriched with by spiral shell beneficial to micro- life
Object, soft-shelled turtle ingest spiral shell containing beneficial microorganism, can improve the intestinal environment of soft-shelled turtle, enhance ingesting and absorbing for soft-shelled turtle.By
It is very high in susceptibility of the cray to pesticide, it is suppressed that the usage amount of rice conventional pesticide improves the quality of paddy.
After adopting the above technical scheme, the present invention has the beneficial effect that：Cultured product Quality Safety is reliable, reduces rice field disease
Incidence inhibits the use of chemical pesticide, reduces cultivation water consumption, so that breeding wastewater discharge amount is reduced nearly 80%, to reduce water
Negative effect of the cultivation to environment is produced, input-output ratio is improved, increases the income of peasant.
Specific embodiment
Present embodiment the technical solution adopted is that：It is comprised the following steps：A, selection have abundant water resources, irrigation and drainage just
The excellent rice field of benefit, water quality is as rice shrimp soft-shelled turtle symbiosis field, and in rice field center rice cultivation, in rice field, surrounding digs circular groove and cultivates shrimp
And soft-shelled turtle, escaping-preventing facilities are built in circular groove surrounding；The planting density of rice is 20cm × 30cm, and the area of circular groove is symbiosis field
20%~30%, the depth of ditch is 80cm~100cm；B, the dry circular groove of late Febuary~early March clears up circular groove, thoroughly shines ditch, right
The circular groove put in order carries out drug and cleans up the pond, 25cm~35cm of intaking, and is splashed disinfection with the full ditch of bleaching powder；C, bleaching powder drug effect phase mistake
Water storage culture foundation bait afterwards, water inlet is filtered with bolting silk mesh bag, then 10cm~20cm of intaking, and rich water selects organic fertilizer, often
Mu fertilising nitrogenous fertilizer 3kg, phosphate fertilizer 1kg, are advisable with water in yellow green, shallow dark brown；D, it mid-March~mid-April, launches per acre
180~200kg of spiral shell；E, early April launches juvenile prawn；F, the first tenday period of a month in mid-April to May transplant water plant；G, water mid-May
Rice seedling；H, microorganism formulation is launched every two weeks mid-May；I, late May puts soft-shelled turtle kind in a suitable place to breed, and late November does pond fishing；
J, early June rice transplanting, early November gather in rice.Bleaching powder is bleaching powder 20ppm in the step b.In the step c
Bolting silk mesh bag is the bolting silk mesh bag of 80 mesh.In the step e juvenile prawn specification be 100~200 tails/kg, injected volume be 10000 tails/
Mu.Water plant is water spinach or water peanut in the step f.In the step h microorganism formulation by Bacillus natto, lactic acid bacteria and
Saccharomycete is made.Soft-shelled turtle kind specification is 400~450g/ in the step i, and injected volume is 60~100/mu, when soft-shelled turtle kind is put in a suitable place to breed
It is sterilized with potassium permanganate.In cultivation early period, water is gradually added until depth of water 80cm；It is fixed along circular groove surrounding science during cultivation
Point feeds small fish, periodic detection breeding water, and water quality transparency is maintained at 24~26cm.The combination of rice, cray, soft-shelled turtle,
Wherein using cray as intermediate link, cray had not only removed part weeds in paddy field, insect pest, but also the main live bait as Shelled Turtle Trionyx Sinensis
Material；And the excessive multiplication of cray is controlled using Shelled Turtle Trionyx Sinensis, the excreta of rice in utilization cray and Shelled Turtle Trionyx Sinensis is supplement fertilizer,
And improve water environment, be conducive to the growth of Shelled Turtle Trionyx Sinensis and cray.Periodically dispensing is made of Bacillus natto, lactic acid bacteria and saccharomycete
Microorganism formulation is enriched with beneficial microbe by spiral shell, and soft-shelled turtle ingests spiral shell containing beneficial microorganism, can improve the intestines of soft-shelled turtle
Road environment enhances ingesting and absorbing for soft-shelled turtle.Since susceptibility of the cray to pesticide is very high, it is suppressed that rice conventional pesticide
Usage amount improves the quality of paddy.
Decis under normal temperature conditions（1% efficient decis adds 24% efficiently organic phosphorus and appropriate emulsifier）, hundred grass one
Number（0.3% aqueous matrine solution）, volume it is clear（2% avermectin）, by going out（Composition is 25% missible oil, 15% Rogor and 10% Hostathion）, it is sharp
Strength is special（5% Fipronil）, glyphosate（glyphosat）Acute toxicity test of this six kinds of pesticides to Procambius clarkii juvenile prawn.Kirschner
Former crayfish juvenile prawn is larger to the tolerance difference of different pesticides.This six kinds of pesticides to the toxicity size of Procambius clarkii juvenile prawn successively
To roll up clear > decis > Frontline > by the careless No.1 > glyphosate of the > hundred that goes out.As can be seen that microbial pesticide volume detoxicating property is most
Greatly, chemical pesticide decis, Frontline and by going out secondly, being disabled in rice shrimp symbiosis；The careless No.1 of biological pesticide hundred is to kirschner original chela
The toxicity of shrimp juvenile prawn is minimum, can be used as the first choice of the rice shrimp soft-shelled turtle cogeneration system prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.
Shrimps are quite high for the susceptibility of decis, in cultivation, application pyrethrin pesticide to the harm of shrimps very
Greatly, it is especially careful to need；On the other hand, the high susceptibility of pyrethrin pesticide can also be used in water environment in view of shrimps
The instruction biology of pyrethrin pesticide.
Rice Cropping is overstocked, and field excessively covers, and influences ontogeny, and the aquatiles activity space such as lobster, soft-shelled turtle is narrow
Mountain pass, activity is relatively fewer, and pest and disease damage is heavier, and the percentage of earbearing tiller is low, grain number per spike and mass of 1000 kernel decline, conversely, the excessively dilute then base of planting density
This seedling is very little, although the activity spaces such as lobster, soft-shelled turtle are big, every clump of stem tiller number is more, it has, and fringe is still insufficient, and due to
Tillering tassel is more, influences grain number per spike, to influence yield, therefore, under identical cultivation level conditions, to obtain high yield, appropriateness is close
Plant is crucial, also only appropriate dense planting（20cm×30cm）, effective fringe of unit area, average grain number per spike, setting percentage can just take
Optimum balance is obtained, to reach high yield.
Rice yield is reduced with the increase of circular groove accounting, rice yield highest when circular groove accounting is 30%, and reason is main
It is that Monitoring of Paddy Rice Plant Area is reduced with the increase of circular groove accounting.Soft-shelled turtle yield increases with the increase of circular groove accounting, and circular groove accounts for
Than for 40% and 50% soft-shelled turtle yield difference it is little, circular groove accounting be 40% field overall economic efficiency highest.
Rice yield is increased slightly with the increase of soft-shelled turtle breeding density, but is not significantly different；Soft-shelled turtle yield is put with soft-shelled turtle
It supports the increase of density and increases, soft-shelled turtle yield highest when soft-shelled turtle breeding density is 100/mu.But when soft-shelled turtle breeding density is 80/mu
Field overall economic efficiency highest.Therefore soft-shelled turtle breeding density is that 80/mu are rationally effective in rice shrimp soft-shelled turtle Symbiotic Model.
Bacillus natto, lactic acid bacteria and saccharomycete by a certain percentage made of microorganism formulation effect：It can be significantly feeding to reducing
Grow ammonia nitrogen and content of nitrite in water body.Soft-shelled turtle growth is remarkably promoted, the specification of paddy field aquaculture soft-shelled turtle is improved.Soft-shelled turtle is significantly improved to survive
Rate is improved from 68% to 85%.Show that the microorganism formulation while decomposing organic matter improves water quality, substrate, enhances soft-shelled turtle
Disease resistance.
Rice shrimp soft-shelled turtle symbiosis field paddy growth overall process fertilizer total amount reduces 61.3%, and wherein phosphate fertilizer reduces 33.3%, urea
44.4% is reduced, compound fertilizer reduces 50%, and ammonium hydrogen carbonate completely dispenses with.
Rice shrimp soft-shelled turtle symbiosis has larger impact to rice field planthopper and Natural Spider Enemies quantity.In rice shrimp soft-shelled turtle symbiosis initial stage field
Planthopper quantity is lower than the rice field of general planting（Control group）, later as control group multiple applications pesticide carries out disease control,
Planthopper quantity is higher than control group in the field of rice shrimp soft-shelled turtle symbiosis；Rice shrimp soft-shelled turtle symbiosis increases the number of rice pest Natural Spider Enemies
Amount, from four sampling analyses in October in July-, the be averaged spider quantity of every hundred clumps of rice of rice shrimp soft-shelled turtle symbiosis field is conventional rice field respectively
2.34,4.00,8.08 and 5.47 times.In addition, rice shrimp soft-shelled turtle symbiosis also substantially increases rice field overall economic efficiency, rice shrimp soft-shelled turtle is total
Raw field is higher by several times than compareing field income.
The water plants such as water spinach, water peanut, duckweed, periodic monitoring cultivation water are transplanted in rice shrimp soft-shelled turtle symbiosis circular groove water body
Body water quality indicator.In rice shrimp soft-shelled turtle Symbiotic Model, water plant acts on obviously regulating and controlling water quality, transplants the water body water of water plant
Matter is significantly better than control group.In nearly 6 months rice shrimp soft-shelled turtle symbiosis overall processes, transplants the water spinach of certain area, water peanut, floats
The test field of duckweed is a kind of technology of ideal regulation water quality in rice shrimp soft-shelled turtle Symbiotic Model without changing water, transplanting water plant.
The patent No.：CN107211784 B provides a kind of novel integrated breeding method of rice soft-shelled turtle symbiosis, its formation rice,
The minisize ecological circle of soft-shelled turtle, a variety of water plants, aquatic animal realizes the mutual supply support mutually of nutriment, passes through field
Selection, field processing, water body processing, Rice Cropping, soft-shelled turtle cultivate a series of scientific and reasonable steps, be effectively guaranteed rice,
The volume increase of soft-shelled turtle, by the mutually coordinated and control between the ecosphere, so that by chemical fertilizer, agriculture in the environment of rice soft-shelled turtle symbiosis of the invention
The utilization rate of medicine is preferably minimized, and reduces the pollution to environment, while but also the rice of plantation and soft-shelled turtle safety, without hormone, symbol
Close the theory that people pursue green food.But the edible bait of its soft-shelled turtle needs artificial addition, can not self-assembling formation can effectively hold
Continuous minisize ecological circle increases the cost of investment, and the usage amount of chemical fertilizer and pesticide can not be intuitive by symbiosis animals and plants
Performance, be easy to cause the excessive use of chemical fertilizer and pesticide, be unfavorable for the edible safety of symbiosis animals and plants, the present invention passes through rice
Shrimp soft-shelled turtle symbiosis cultivation can effectively solve the problem that the above problem.
Publication No. CN106386306 A provides a kind of steady grain and increases the method that fishing rice soft-shelled turtle makees breeding altogether, it uses fishing rice
Soft-shelled turtle symbiosis cultivation, soft-shelled turtle mainly feeds by manually feeding spiral shell, can not the effectively sustainable minisize ecological circle of self-assembling formation, increase
The cost of investment is added, symbiosis cultivates the index object without pesticide real-time monitoring in field, is easy to cause the exceeded of Pesticide use, unfavorable
In the edible safety of symbiosis animals and plants, the present invention can effectively solve the problem that the above problem by rice shrimp soft-shelled turtle symbiosis cultivation.
The above is only used to illustrate the technical scheme of the present invention and not to limit it, and those of ordinary skill in the art are to this hair
The other modifications or equivalent replacement that bright technical solution is made, as long as it does not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical scheme of the present invention,
It is intended to be within the scope of the claims of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of rice shrimp soft-shelled turtle symbiosis high-efficiency low-carbon agricultural breeding method, it is characterised in that：It is comprised the following steps：
A, select to have abundant water resources, irrigation and drainage are convenient, water quality is excellent rice field is as rice shrimp soft-shelled turtle symbiosis field, plant water in rice field center
Rice, in rice field, surrounding digs circular groove cultivation shrimp and soft-shelled turtle, builds escaping-preventing facilities in circular groove surrounding；The planting density of rice be 20cm ×
30cm, the area of circular groove are the 20%~30% of symbiosis field, and the depth of ditch is 80cm~100cm；
B, the dry circular groove of late Febuary~early March clears up circular groove, thoroughly shines ditch, carries out drug to the circular groove put in order and cleans up the pond, into
Water 25cm~35cm is splashed disinfection with the full ditch of bleaching powder；
C, water storage culture foundation bait after the bleaching powder drug effect phase, water inlet is filtered with bolting silk mesh bag, then 10cm~20cm of intaking,
Rich water selects organic fertilizer, and apply fertilizer nitrogenous fertilizer 3kg, phosphate fertilizer 1kg per acre, is advisable with water in yellow green, shallow dark brown；
D, 180~200kg of spiral shell is launched per acre mid-March~mid-April；
E, early April launches juvenile prawn；
F, the first tenday period of a month in mid-April to May transplant water plant；
G, raising rice seedlings mid-May；
H, microorganism formulation is launched every two weeks mid-May；
I, late May puts soft-shelled turtle kind in a suitable place to breed, and late November does pond fishing；
J, early June rice transplanting, early November gather in rice.
2. a kind of rice shrimp soft-shelled turtle symbiosis high-efficiency low-carbon agricultural breeding method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step
Bleaching powder is bleaching powder 20ppm in rapid b.
3. a kind of rice shrimp soft-shelled turtle symbiosis high-efficiency low-carbon agricultural breeding method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step
Bolting silk mesh bag is the bolting silk mesh bag of 80 mesh in rapid c.
4. a kind of rice shrimp soft-shelled turtle symbiosis high-efficiency low-carbon agricultural breeding method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step
Juvenile prawn specification is 100~200 tails/kg in rapid e, and injected volume is 10000 tails/mu.
5. a kind of rice shrimp soft-shelled turtle symbiosis high-efficiency low-carbon agricultural breeding method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step
Water plant is water spinach or water peanut in rapid f.
6. a kind of rice shrimp soft-shelled turtle symbiosis high-efficiency low-carbon agricultural breeding method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step
Microorganism formulation is made of Bacillus natto, lactic acid bacteria and saccharomycete in rapid h.
7. a kind of rice shrimp soft-shelled turtle symbiosis high-efficiency low-carbon agricultural breeding method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step
Soft-shelled turtle kind specification is 400~450g/ in rapid i, and injected volume is 60~100/mu, is sterilized when soft-shelled turtle kind is put in a suitable place to breed with potassium permanganate.
8. a kind of rice shrimp soft-shelled turtle symbiosis high-efficiency low-carbon agricultural breeding method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is cultivating
Water is gradually added until the depth of water 80cm early period；During cultivation, small fish, periodic detection are fed along circular groove surrounding science fixed point
Breeding water, water quality transparency are maintained at 24~26cm.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111480603A (en) * | 2020-05-19 | 2020-08-04 | 浙江大学 | Ecological breeding and directional crayfish breeding method for rice field, shrimps and soft-shelled turtles |
| CN111758627A (en) * | 2020-07-13 | 2020-10-13 | 和县明信水产养殖专业合作社 | Ecological breeding method for crayfishes and Chinese scarab and directional breeding method for crayfish seedlings |
| CN112655619A (en) * | 2020-12-18 | 2021-04-16 | 南县泽水居农业有限公司 | Ecological planting and breeding method for co-breeding rice and shrimp |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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Application publication date: 20181130 |